00: Introduc.On

Nanomanufacturing University of Michigan ME599-002 |Winter 2010

00: Introducon January 6, 2010

John Hart [email protected] hp://www.umich.edu/~ajohnh

Today’s agenda § What is nanotechnology/nanomanufacturing and why is it important? § Some history § Course speciﬁcaons § Examples of nanomanufacturing research, applicaons, and emerging trends § Introducons § Advice for taking this course

§ Gimzewski (2008), Nanotechnology: the endgame of materialism

§ Foley and Hersam (2006), Assessing the need for nanotechnology educaon reform in the United States

§ ASTM (2006), Standard terminology relang to nanotechnology

§ Augusne (2008), Scilence

§ Nature Nanotechnology (2009), The other nanotech

Nanotechnology is the ability to understand, control, and manipulate maer at the level of individual atoms and molecules

…in order to create materials, devices, and systems with fundamentally new properes and funcons because of their small structure.

…employing the atomic and molecular interacons to develop eﬃcient manufacturing methods.

- Naonal Science Foundaon (NSF) - Naonal Nanotechnology Iniave (NNI) (M. Roco, Handbook of Nanoscience, Engineering, and Technology, p. 3-2)

US Patent, 1889

Duomo di Milano

“Quantum corral” of Fe atoms (IBM, 1993)

Atomic force microscope (AFM) Binnig, Quate, Gerber

3D DNA “origami” (Douglas et al., 2009)

Nanoclusters | Nanoparcles Magic #’s of atoms 100s-1000s of atoms ≤1 nm size ∼1-100 nm diameter

hp://www.aist.go.jp/aist_e/aist_today/2007_23/nanotec/nanotec_02.html ©2010 | A.J. Hart | 18 Slide by M. Roco ©2010 | A.J. Hart | 19 Lockheed Marn Corporaon ©2010 | A.J. Hart | 20 Need and opportunity Educaon A key challenge for nanotechnology development is the educaon and training of a new generaon …it is esmated that about 2 million nanotechnology workers will be needed worldwide in 10-15 years. (M. Roco, NSF) Economic growth

Internaonal standards

J. Gimzewski, Leonardo 41(3):259-264, 2008.

§ Understand how nanostructures interact with one another and their surroundings

§ Understand how to make and assemble nanostructures; how to control their size, structure, and placement

§ Understand how the properes of nanostructures scale based on their assembly and interacons

§ Combine our knowledge to design new devices, materials, and manufacturing processes

1: Properes of nanostructures (“building blocks”)

2: Interacons among nanostructures

3: Synthesis of nanostructures

4: Assembly of nanostructures and property scaling

5: Case studies and project presentaons

Assignments: problem sets (5) exam (1), literature review (1) project (1)

Some applicaons of nanotechnology Quantum dots for solar cells Carbon nanotube memory

Lieber, Nantero Inc.

F. Frankel High-power nanostructured baeries

Drug delivery and bio-imaging

A123 Systems Nanocomposite sports equipment

photo by F. Frankel, MIT diameter <100> CdSe <001> CdSe

1.5 nm

OFF

ON Reversible electromechanical juncon

Individual + High recoverable strains )] 3 CNTs and reversible kinking Advanced ﬁbers Iijima et al., J. Chem Phys., 104:2089:92, (carbon, aramid, glass) 1996. Current CNT ﬁbers

[TPa/(kg/m

+ Thermal conducvity exceeding diamond; 3500 W/m-K for an individual SWNT Pop et al., Nano Le. 6:96-100, 2006.

Specific modulus, E/ + Ballisc electron transport over micron length scales 3 Li et al., PRL 96:057001, 2006. Specific strength, σ/ρ [GPa/(kg/m )] + Current density of ~109 A/cm2 Compiled from Naonal Academy of Sciences report (2005) Wei et al., APL 79:1172-4, 2001. hp://www.nap.edu/catalog/11268.html and many other sources ©2010 | A.J. Hart | 27 Configuraons Order = length, alignment, quality Quanty = #/volume

yarn/sheet forest (aligned) high individual

1 µm

network (tangled) Order dispersion low

Enabled by ultra-long CNTs Transistors

high Filtraon/desalinaon Lightweight conductors Interconnects 3D energy devices Organized composites Thermal interfaces

Emiers, memory

Now commercialized

Order Transparent conductors Higher precision of CNT diameter required Baeries Limited by (powder electrodes) current mfg ESD/plascs

low technology

many few (<< 1g) Quanty [#/vol]

§ 3M produces TiO2 nanoparcles for dental ﬁllings § Cabot produces > 10 tons of carbon black nanoparcles as polymers addives § Showa Denko (Japan), Mitsui (Japan), and Hyperion (USA) produce > 500 tons of carbon nanotubes

§ 2008 – over 80% of Americans reported having heard ‘just a lile’ (28%) or ‘nothing at all’ (54%) about nanotechnology.

“The thing I want to say is collaborate. Collaborang with talented people is not easy, but it’s the way to really shine – you shine brighter if you are working with really great people. The important thing in the end is not that you are proved right every me, the important thing is that the music is the best that it can be. I want to wish you all that you would ﬁnd your own voice. But if you are so disposed that you would ﬁnd collaborators to work with, that you would shine as you could never shine on your own.”

Dave “The Edge” Evans (U2), at Berklee College of Music Commencement, Boston, MA, May 2007.

Posted above the exit door to the ﬁeld, home team locker room at Michigan football stadium (B. Schembechler, 1969)

hp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WnvBK4_lGtU