DOCSLIB.ORG

A Critical Analysis of Risk Management During Armed

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Coping, Adapting and Resisting: A Critical Analysis of Risk Management during Armed Conflicts Silvia Jarauta Bernal University of Alicante Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Department of Applied Economic Analysis Coping, Adapting and Resisting: A Critical Análisis of Risk Management during Armed Conflicts PhD. Thesis Silvia Jarauta Bernal Supervisor: Dr. Moisés Hidalgo Moratal 2 2009 Acknowledgments This study would not have been possible without the support of all the people that have helped me during these years of research. First of all, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to all the people in the Occupied Palestinian Territories (oPt) who encouraged this research and helped me to understand the complex realities of the conflict. Particularly, I would like to thank Fadi Hadeeb, the translator, Jawad Saleh from the Palestinian Centre Bureau of Statistics (PCBS), Francine Pickup from the United Nations Office for Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, Rana Hanoun from the Ministry of Planning, Silvia Asensio from Paz y Tercer Mundo, Veronique Stalmans from the office of the European Union in Jerusalem and the people who provided me with the information and data to anchor the theoretical debate on risk management to the facts on the ground. Next, I would like to thank my parents, who have provided me with two of the most essential aspects to carry out this investigation: passion for learning and a solid commitment to engaging with the collective. Without them, these years of studying would have been superficial. Then, I would like to thank Dr. Moisés Hidalgo for his supervision and for unconditionally believing in my research. He analysed my research arguments and transmitted the confidence to me to think freely. From the University of Alicante, I also would like acknowledge the generous help of Dr. Alfonsa Denia, who despite being an econometrician had no doubts about guiding me in descriptive analysis. I am also thankful to MICROCON for its financial support and primarily to the director of this research programme, Patricia Justino for motivating this investigation in the early stages. Also from the Institute of Development Studies, where I spent several months collecting literature and discussing the research with fellows and friends, I would like to thank, Robin 3 Luckham, Marzia Fontana, Lizbeth Navas-Navarro, Steven Devereux, Angela Dowman, Collete Harris, Zander Navarro, and all the team in the Library. Last, but of course not least, this work would not have been achieved without the support and understanding of my companion David, my brother Pablo, and my friends Loles, Yeyo, Elena and Juan, who have listened to my worries and helped me to find the way to keep going. And to Erica, Sofia, Ana and Silvia, who shared with me their views on the Palestinian-Israeli conflict and particularly on what should be the development policy framework. Finally, I would like to thank Ana Julieta, my dearest friend, who despite the distance, always stayed close, reminding me of the reasons why I decided to embark in this investigation. This whole thesis could not have looked like it is without the help of Paddy Mahony, who not only proof-read the entire dissertation, but also provided many stylistic suggestions and substantive challenges to help me clarify my arguments. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 7 CHAPTER 1: THE ISRAELI OCCUPATION OF THE PALESTINIAN TERRITORIES 20 1.1 The Dimensions of the Conflict 20 1.2 The Israeli Occupation of the Palestinian Territories 24 1.2.1 The Israeli Occupation during 2000-2004 29 1.2.2 The Impact of the Israeli Occupation on the Palestinians 42 CHAPTER 2: RISK MANAGEMENT IN CONFLICT-AFFECTED HOUSEHOLDS 49 2.1 Introduction 49 2.2 Risk Management Theory 52 2.2.1 The Strategies 54 2.2.2 The Determinants of Risk Management 61 2.2.2.1 Market- and Household-related Determinants of Risk Management 64 2.2.2.2 The Risk-related Determinants of Risk Management 77 2.3 Understanding Armed Conflict and Conflict-produced Shocks 91 2.3.1 Causes of Armed Conflicts 95 2.3.2 The Socio-economic Costs of Conflicts 99 2.3.3 The Source-related Characteristics of Armed Conflicts 106 2.4. Risk Management in Conflict-affected Households 113 2.4.1 Household Strategies to Conflict-produced Shocks 114 2.4.2 Risk-related Determinants of Risk Management Strategies 123 2.4.3 Everyday Forms of Resistance 143 2.5 Conclusions 152 5 CHAPTER 3: METHODS OF RESEARCH 158 3.1. Non-formal Collaborative Research 158 3.1.1. The Identification Phase 159 3.1.2 The Engagement Phase 161 3.2 Primary Data 164 3.3 Secondary Data 165 CHAPTER 4: DATA AND ANALYSIS 182 4.1 Palestinian Expenditure and Consumption Survey in 2004 183 4.1.1 Description of the Survey 184 4.1.2 Descriptive Analysis of PECS 186 4.2 Conflict Data 198 4.2.1 The Conflict Data Set 198 4.2.2 Understanding the Occupation Instruments 211 4.2.2.1 Descriptive Analysis of Conflict across Time and Space 211 4.2.2.2 Correlation Analysis between Israeli Occupation Instruments 217 4.3 Palestinian Responses to the Crisis: PECS and Beyond 222 4.3.1 Households Responses to Conflict-produced Shocks 222 4.3.2 The Risk Management Distribution in PECS 2004 228 4.4 Conflict Correlates of Risk Management 236 4.4.1 Conflict Correlates of Income Smoothing Strategies 237 4.4.2 Conflict Correlates of Risk-sharing Strategies 254 CONCLUSIONS: FINDINGS AND IMPLICATIONS 267 BIBLIOGRAPHY 288 APPENDICES 305 SPANISH SUMMARY 359 6 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ACSUR Asociación para la Cooperación con el Sur. AECID Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo. AFF Obtained assistance from Family and Friends. AHLS Adjusting Household Labour Supply. ACH Acción contra el Hambre. AIC Alternative Information Centre. ANOVA Analysis of Variance. B’Tselem Israeli Information Centre for Human Rights. CE Complex Emergencies. EU European Union. FAO United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization. FSA Food Security Assessment. GDP Gross Domestic Product. GNP Gross National Product. HDIP Health Development Information Project. HEPG Humanitarian Emergency Policy Group. ICHAD Israeli Committee against House Demolitions ICJ International Court of Justice. ICRC International Committee of the Red Cross. IDF Israel Defence Forces. ILO International Labour Organization. IPC Israeli Policy of Closure. IPYL International Palestinian Youth League. IUED Institute Univesitaire d’études du Développement. JPS Journal of Palestinian Studies. LCT Life-cycle theory. LFS Palestinian Labour Force Survey. NGO Non-governmental Organization. NIS Israeli New Shekel. OCHA United Nations Office for the Coordination of the Humanitarian Affairs. ODI Overseas Development Institute. oPt Occupied Palestinian Territories. PNA Palestinian National Authority. PASSIA Academic Society for the Study of International Affairs. PCBS Palestinian Centre Bureau of Statistics. PECS Palestinian Expenditure and Consumption Survey PIH Permanent Income Theory. PRCS Palestinian Red Crescent Society. PTM Paz y Tercer Mundo. RUF Revolutionary United Front of Sierra Leone. SI Solidaridad Internacional. UN United Nations. UNCTAD United Nations Conference for Trade and Development. UNDP United Nations Development Programme. UNSCO United Nations Special Coordinator Office for the Middle East. UNWRA United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestinian Refugees in the Near East. USAID United States Agency for International Development. VCI Village Closure Index. WFP World Food Programme. 7 INTRODUCTION The objective of this research is to contribute to the understanding of risk management in the context of armed conflicts, i.e. to help understand how people deal with the anticipated and actual losses associated with the uncertain events and outcomes produced by socio- political risk events such as armed conflicts. This is an infant area of research and the investigation aims to participate in the emerging debate by providing a conceptual framework for the analysis of risk management of conflict-affected households. This investigation relies in a great extent on analyses framed in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Out of the many different dimensions of the conflict1, this research is interested in the Israeli occupation of the Palestinian Territories2. Given the different realities of the three territories comprising the Occupied Palestinian Territories (oPt) – the Gaza Strip, the West Bank and Jerusalem – this research focuses solely on the West Bank. The period of analysis refers to 2000-2004, the years immediately following the onset of the Al-Aqsa Intifada in September 2000, the largest sustained Palestinian uprising against Israeli occupation. This crisis was characterised by the redeployment of the Israeli Defence Forces (IDF) in the West Bank, the tightening up of the Israeli Policy of Closure and the construction of the Wall3. During this period in the West Bank, the real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) suffered a decrease of 38%, unemployment increased 10%, reaching an unprecedented 40% in 2002; the 1 As it is argued by many authors, the Israeli-Palestinian conflict is composed of four main aspects; the refugee issue, the situation of the Palestinians of Israel, the status of the city of Jerusalem and the Israeli occupation of the Palestinian Territories (Escudero, 2006; Al-Haq, 2005; Pappe, 1997). 2 As Article 42 of The Hague Regulations stipulates: a ‘territory is considered occupied when it is actually placed under the authority of the hostile army’, and that the occupation extends ‘to the territory when such authority has been established and can be exercised’ (Regulations Annexed to the Fourth Hague Convention Respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land, 1907). Furthermore, the Tribunal of the Nuremberg Trials detailed, in the Hostage Case, that a territory is occupied even when the occupying forces have partially evacuated certain parts of the territory or lost control over the population, as long as it could at any point in time re-assume physical control of that territory (Case number 7, Nuremberg Proceedings, May 10, 1947).
Recommended publications
  • Zerohack Zer0pwn Youranonnews Yevgeniy Anikin Yes Men

    Zerohack Zer0pwn Youranonnews Yevgeniy Anikin Yes Men

    Zerohack Zer0Pwn YourAnonNews Yevgeniy Anikin Yes Men YamaTough Xtreme x-Leader xenu xen0nymous www.oem.com.mx www.nytimes.com/pages/world/asia/index.html www.informador.com.mx www.futuregov.asia www.cronica.com.mx www.asiapacificsecuritymagazine.com Worm Wolfy Withdrawal* WillyFoReal Wikileaks IRC 88.80.16.13/9999 IRC Channel WikiLeaks WiiSpellWhy whitekidney Wells Fargo weed WallRoad w0rmware Vulnerability Vladislav Khorokhorin Visa Inc. Virus Virgin Islands "Viewpointe Archive Services, LLC" Versability Verizon Venezuela Vegas Vatican City USB US Trust US Bankcorp Uruguay Uran0n unusedcrayon United Kingdom UnicormCr3w unfittoprint unelected.org UndisclosedAnon Ukraine UGNazi ua_musti_1905 U.S. Bankcorp TYLER Turkey trosec113 Trojan Horse Trojan Trivette TriCk Tribalzer0 Transnistria transaction Traitor traffic court Tradecraft Trade Secrets "Total System Services, Inc." Topiary Top Secret Tom Stracener TibitXimer Thumb Drive Thomson Reuters TheWikiBoat thepeoplescause the_infecti0n The Unknowns The UnderTaker The Syrian electronic army The Jokerhack Thailand ThaCosmo th3j35t3r testeux1 TEST Telecomix TehWongZ Teddy Bigglesworth TeaMp0isoN TeamHav0k Team Ghost Shell Team Digi7al tdl4 taxes TARP tango down Tampa Tammy Shapiro Taiwan Tabu T0x1c t0wN T.A.R.P. Syrian Electronic Army syndiv Symantec Corporation Switzerland Swingers Club SWIFT Sweden Swan SwaggSec Swagg Security "SunGard Data Systems, Inc." Stuxnet Stringer Streamroller Stole* Sterlok SteelAnne st0rm SQLi Spyware Spying Spydevilz Spy Camera Sposed Spook Spoofing Splendide
  • Israeli Settler-Colonialism and Apartheid Over Palestine

    Israeli Settler-Colonialism and Apartheid Over Palestine

    Metula Majdal Shams Abil al-Qamh ! Neve Ativ Misgav Am Yuval Nimrod ! Al-Sanbariyya Kfar Gil'adi ZZ Ma'ayan Baruch ! MM Ein Qiniyye ! Dan Sanir Israeli Settler-Colonialism and Apartheid over Palestine Al-Sanbariyya DD Al-Manshiyya ! Dafna ! Mas'ada ! Al-Khisas Khan Al-Duwayr ¥ Huneen Al-Zuq Al-tahtani ! ! ! HaGoshrim Al Mansoura Margaliot Kiryat !Shmona al-Madahel G GLazGzaGza!G G G ! Al Khalsa Buq'ata Ethnic Cleansing and Population Transfer (1948 – present) G GBeGit GHil!GlelG Gal-'A!bisiyya Menara G G G G G G G Odem Qaytiyya Kfar Szold In order to establish exclusive Jewish-Israeli control, Israel has carried out a policy of population transfer. By fostering Jewish G G G!G SG dGe NG ehemia G AGl-NGa'iGmaG G G immigration and settlements, and forcibly displacing indigenous Palestinians, Israel has changed the demographic composition of the ¥ G G G G G G G !Al-Dawwara El-Rom G G G G G GAmG ir country. Today, 70% of Palestinians are refugees and internally displaced persons and approximately one half of the people are in exile G G GKfGar GB!lGumG G G G G G G SGalihiya abroad. None of them are allowed to return. L e b a n o n Shamir U N D ii s e n g a g e m e n tt O b s e rr v a tt ii o n F o rr c e s Al Buwayziyya! NeoG t MG oGrdGecGhaGi G ! G G G!G G G G Al-Hamra G GAl-GZawG iyGa G G ! Khiyam Al Walid Forcible transfer of Palestinians continues until today, mainly in the Southern District (Beersheba Region), the historical, coastal G G G G GAl-GMuGftskhara ! G G G G G G G Lehavot HaBashan Palestinian towns ("mixed towns") and in the occupied West Bank, in particular in the Israeli-prolaimed “greater Jerusalem”, the Jordan G G G G G G G Merom Golan Yiftah G G G G G G G Valley and the southern Hebron District.
  • Name Tag Line Descriptiosector Tags Ilventure Homepage Promarketing Wizard Digital Ma Social Medifacebook A

    Name Tag Line Descriptiosector Tags Ilventure Homepage Promarketing Wizard Digital Ma Social Medifacebook A

    name tag_line yourdescriptio sector tags ilventure_homepage ProMarketing Wizard Digital Ma x000D_campaign. Social Medifacebook_ahttp://ilve http://www Allosterix Drug Disco_x000D_ Pharmaceutdrug_desighttp://ilvenhttp://www. WakeApp Social Alar disorders) Social Medimobile_applhttp://ilve http://www miCure Therapeutics MicroRNA-Bs. in real Pharmaceutmental_healhttp://ilve http://www AppMyDay Your in-eveenginetime. Social Mediphotos,brahttp://ilve http://www Question2Answer Free and Op_x000D_traffic. Social Mediopen_sourchttp://ilve http://www AgeMyWay Private Fam“Fair Digital Heamobile_healhttp://ilve http://www La'Zooz Collaborati_x000D_fare†. Social Medimobile_applhttp://ilvenhttp://lazoo Vidazoo Media Buyicrowdfund Social Mediuser_acquishttp://ilve http://www Applied CleanTech Convertingeing. to Environmenrecycling, http://ilve http://www Powercom Smart Grid Governmeutilities. Environmengas,energyhttp://ilve http://www GridON Fault Curre,nt such as Environmenpower_gridhttp://ilvenhttp://www TransAlgae Developmenconnectiviinjection. Agro and Fbreeding,bihttp://ilve http://www Acrylicom Physical Laconsuminty to POF. Industrial semiconduchttp://ilve http://www Green Invoice Electronic managemg. eCommerce,digital_sig http://ilve https://www SmartZyme Innovation Technologicent. Digital Heapatient_carhttp://ilve http://smz BondX Environment_x000D_BondX is a Environmencleantech,phttp://ilve http://www Treatec21 Industries Water and experienc Environmenwater_purifhttp://ilvenhttp://trea Scodix Digital Pri commercies. Industrial branding,dehttp://ilvenhttp://www
  • Jews and Judaism in the Rabbinic Era

    Jews and Judaism in the Rabbinic Era

    Texts and Studies in Ancient Judaism Edited by Maren Niehoff (Jerusalem) Annette Y. Reed (Philadelphia, PA) Seth Schwartz (New York, NY) Moulie Vidas (Princeton, NJ) 173 Isaiah M. Gafni Jews and Judaism in the Rabbinic Era Image and Reality – History and Historiography Mohr Siebeck Isaiah M. Gafni, born 1944; BA, MA, and PhD from the Hebrew University; 1967–2012 taught Jewish History of the Second Temple and Talmudic Periods (500 BCE – 500 CE) at the Hebrew University; currently Professor Emeritus in Jewish History at the Hebrew University, and President of Shalem College, Jerusalem. ISBN 978-3-16-152731-9 / eISBN 978-3-16-156701-8 DOI 10.1628/978-3-16-156701-8 ISSN 0721-8753 / eISSN 2568-9525 (Texts and Studies in Ancient Judaism) The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliographie; detailed bibliographic data are available at http://dnb.dnb.de. © 2019 Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen, Germany. www.mohrsiebeck.com This book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, in any form (beyond that permitted by copyright law) without the publisher’s written permission. This applies particularly to reproduc- tions, translations and storage and processing in electronic systems. The book was printed on non-aging paper by Gulde Druck in Tübingen, and bound by Groß- buchbinderei Spinner in Ottersweier. Printed in Germany. For Naomi Table of Contents Abbreviations.............................................................................................. IX I Introduction .........................................................................................
  • Ruah Ha-Kodesh in Rabbinic Literature

    Ruah Ha-Kodesh in Rabbinic Literature

    The Dissertation Committee for Julie Hilton Danan Certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: THE DIVINE VOICE IN SCRIPTURE: RUAH HA-KODESH IN RABBINIC LITERATURE Committee: Harold A. Liebowitz , Supervisor Aaron Bar -Adon Esther L. Raizen Abraham Zilkha Krist en H. Lindbeck The Divine Voice in Scripture: Ruah ha-Kodesh in Rabbinic Literature by Julie Hilton Danan, B.A., M.A. Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Texas at Austin May, 2009 Dedication To my husband, Avraham Raphael Danan Acknowledgements Thank you to the University of Texas at Austin Graduate School, the Middle Eastern Studies Department, and particularly to the Hebrew Studies faculty for their abundant support over my years of study in graduate school. I am especially grateful to the readers of my dissertation for many invaluable suggestions and many helpful critiques. My advisor, Professor Harold Liebowitz, has been my guide, my mentor, and my academic role model throughout the graduate school journey. He exemplifies the spirit of patience, thoughtful listening, and a true love of learning. Many thanks go to my readers, professors Esther Raizen, Avraham Zilkha, Aaron Bar-Adon, and Kristen Lindbeck (of Florida Atlantic University), each of whom has been my esteemed teacher and shared his or her special area of expertise with me. Thank you to Graduate Advisor Samer Ali and the staff of Middle Eastern Studies, especially Kimberly Dahl and Beverly Benham, for their encouragement and assistance.
  • Book of the Occurrences of the Times to Jeshurun in the Land of Israel - Koṛ Ot Ha-ʻitim Li-Yeshurun Be-ʾerets Yisŕ Aʾel

    Book of the Occurrences of the Times to Jeshurun in the Land of Israel - Koṛ Ot Ha-ʻitim Li-Yeshurun Be-ʾerets Yisŕ Aʾel

    University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Miscellaneous Papers Miscellaneous Papers 8-2011 Book of the Occurrences of the Times to Jeshurun in the Land of Israel - Koṛ ot ha-ʻitim li-Yeshurun be-ʾErets Yisŕ aʾel David G. Cook Sol P. Cohen Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/miscellaneous_papers Part of the Islamic World and Near East History Commons, Jewish Studies Commons, and the Religion Commons Cook, David G. and Cohen, Sol P., "Book of the Occurrences of the Times to Jeshurun in the Land of Israel - Koṛ ot ha-ʻitim li-Yeshurun be-ʾErets Yisŕ aʾel" (2011). Miscellaneous Papers. 10. https://repository.upenn.edu/miscellaneous_papers/10 This is an English translation of Sefer Korot Ha-'Itim (First Edition, 1839; Reprint with Critical Introduction, 1975) This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/miscellaneous_papers/10 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Book of the Occurrences of the Times to Jeshurun in the Land of Israel - Koṛ ot ha-ʻitim li-Yeshurun be-ʾErets Yisŕ aʾel Abstract This work was authored by Menahem Mendel me-Kaminitz (an ancestor of one of the current translators David Cook) following his first attempt ot settle in the Land of Israel in 1834. Keywords Land of Israel, Ottoman Palestine, Menahem Mendel me-Kaminitz, Korat ha-'itim, history memoirs Disciplines Islamic World and Near East History | Jewish Studies | Religion Comments This is an English translation of Sefer Korot Ha-'Itim (First Edition, 1839; Reprint with Critical Introduction, 1975) This other is available at ScholarlyCommons: https://repository.upenn.edu/miscellaneous_papers/10 The Book of the Occurrences of the Times to Jeshurun in the Land of Israel Sefer KOROT HA-‘ITIM li-Yeshurun be-Eretz Yisra’el by Menahem Mendel ben Aharon of Kamenitz Translation by: David G.
  • With Letters of Light: Studies in the Dead Sea Scrolls, Early Jewish

    With Letters of Light: Studies in the Dead Sea Scrolls, Early Jewish

    With Letters of Light rwa lç twytwab Ekstasis Religious Experience from Antiquity to the Middle Ages General Editor John R. Levison Editorial Board David Aune · Jan Bremmer · John Collins · Dyan Elliott Amy Hollywood · Sarah Iles Johnston · Gabor Klaniczay Paulo Nogueira · Christopher Rowland · Elliot R. Wolfson Volume 2 De Gruyter With Letters of Light rwa lç twytwab Studies in the Dead Sea Scrolls, Early Jewish Apocalypticism, Magic, and Mysticism in Honor of Rachel Elior rwayla ljr Edited by Daphna V. Arbel and Andrei A. Orlov De Gruyter ISBN 978-3-11-022201-2 e-ISBN 978-3-11-022202-9 ISSN 1865-8792 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data With letters of light : studies in the Dead Sea scrolls, early Jewish apocalypti- cism, magic and mysticism / Andrei A. Orlov, Daphna V. Arbel. p. cm. - (Ekstasis, religious experience from antiquity to the Middle Ages;v.2) Includes bibliographical references and index. Summary: “This volume offers valuable insights into a wide range of scho- larly achievements in the study of the Dead Sea Scrolls, Jewish apocalypti- cism, magic, and mysticism from the Second Temple period to the later rabbinic and Hekhalot developments. The majority of articles included in the volume deal with Jewish and Christian apocalyptic and mystical texts constituting the core of experiential dimension of these religious traditions” - ECIP summary. ISBN 978-3-11-022201-2 (hardcover 23 x 15,5 : alk. paper) 1. Dead Sea scrolls. 2. Apocalyptic literature - History and criticism. 3. Jewish magic. 4. Mysticism - Judaism. 5. Messianism. 6. Bible. O.T. - Criticism, interpretation, etc. 7. Rabbinical literature - History and criticism.
  • Hezbollah's Use of Lebanese Civilians As Human Shields: the Extensive Military Infrastructure Positioned and Hidden in Populated Areas

    Hezbollah's Use of Lebanese Civilians As Human Shields: the Extensive Military Infrastructure Positioned and Hidden in Populated Areas

    Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center at the Center for Special Studies (C.S.S) December 5, 2006 To the reader: We have recently completed a comprehensive study entitled “The use of Lebanese civilians as human shields: the extensive military infrastructure positioned and hidden by Hezbollah in populated areas. From within the Lebanese towns and villages deliberate rocket attacks were directed against civilian targets in Israel.” The study was based on a wide range of materials which have not previously been used. The issue of the terrorist organizations’ use of human shields is important for understanding the dilemma faced by the State of Israel and international community as they confront terrorism, not only in Lebanon but in the Palestinian Authority- administered territories and in other arenas around the world. We are sending you the main points for perusal, and the entire study will shortly be available (in sections) on the Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center Website. Yours sincerely, Dr. Reuven Erlich Director of the Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center at the Center for Special Studies Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center at the Center for Special Studies (C.S.S) November 2006 Hezbollah's use of Lebanese civilians as human shields: the extensive military infrastructure positioned and hidden in populated areas. From within the Lebanese towns and villages deliberate rocket attacks were directed against civilian targets in Israel. Dr. Reuven Erlich ( Col. Ret.)1 The launch… …and the results A Syrian-made 220 mm rocket launched at Haifa from the outskirts of Tyre (August 13) A house in the Bat Galim district of Haifa destroyed by a Syrian-made 220 mm rocket containing ball bearings (July 17, 2006) 1 The study and its translation were carried out at the Center for Special Studies by the Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center’s staff of experts, headed by Dr.
  • Ancient Jewish Traditions Concerning the Landscape and Ecology of Jerusalem and Its Environs in the Second Temple Period

    Ancient Jewish Traditions Concerning the Landscape and Ecology of Jerusalem and Its Environs in the Second Temple Period

    religions Article “Holiness, War, and Peace”: Ancient Jewish Traditions Concerning the Landscape and Ecology of Jerusalem and Its Environs in the Second Temple Period Abraham Ofir Shemesh Israel Heritage Department, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel; [email protected] Received: 4 July 2018; Accepted: 7 August 2018; Published: 9 August 2018 Abstract: The Second Temple period is considered both a pinnacle and a low point in the history of Jerusalem. One manifestation of the sharp fluctuations in Jerusalem’s status is its flora and ecology. The current study aims to address the historical events and the Talmudic traditions concerning the flora and landscape of Jerusalem. In the city’s zenith, the Jewish sages introduced special ecological regulations pertaining to its overall urban landscape. One of them was a prohibition against growing plants within the city in order to prevent undesirable odors or litter and thus maintain the city’s respectable image. The prohibition against growing plants within the city did not apply to rose gardens, maybe because of ecological reasons, i.e., their contribution to aesthetics and to improving bad odors in a crowded city. In the city’s decline, its agricultural crops and natural vegetation were destroyed when the beleaguered inhabitants were defeated by Titus’ army. One Talmudic tradition voices hope for the rehabilitation of the flora (“shitim”) around the city of Jerusalem. Haggadic-Talmudic tradition tries to endow Jerusalem with a metaphysical uniqueness by describing fantastic plants that allegedly grew in it in the past but disappeared as a result of its destruction.
  • Literary and Linguistic Studies in the Song of (In Press) Songs

    Literary and Linguistic Studies in the Song of (In Press) Songs

    LITERARY AND LINGUISTIC STUDIES IN SEFER BIL vAM (NUMBERS 22–24) A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Cornell University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Clinton John Moyer August 2009 © 2009 Clinton John Moyer LITERARY AND LINGUISTIC STUDIES IN SEFER BIL vAM (NUMBERS 22–24) Clinton John Moyer, Ph.D. Cornell University 2009 This dissertation’s holistic approach to Sefer Bil vam , applied in the course of its philological and literary treatments of the text, yields significant new observations that stand in dialogue with the lengthy established discourse on this pericope. In the first portion of the study, a considerable number of individual linguistic peculiarities receive close attention, and contribute collectively toward a demonstration of style- switching and setting-switching as devices operative in the text. The study’s second part moves beyond these features, first treating the minutiae of the pericope’s literary mechanics, and then turning to the larger tropes and patterns operative not only within this text, but also between it and other portions of the biblical corpus. Ultimately, this research highlights the richness, complexity, and subtlety of Sefer Bil vam as a sophisticated literary unit, and demonstrates that literary and linguistic approaches are crucial for accessing the totality of such material’s intrinsic meaning. In addition, however, it re-engages prior discourse by providing a new perspective from which to evaluate longstanding questions about this pericope’s date of composition and historical context. Specifically, it points to the conclusion that this is a Judahite text from the 8th century BCE, whose content draws on Gileadite Balaam traditions that penetrated into Judah as a consequence of Assyrian incursions into the region under Tiglath-Pileser III (744–727 BCE).

  • Racism and Gender in Israel המרכז הרפורמי לדת ומדינה -לוגו ללא מספר

    Racism and Gender in Israel המרכז הרפורמי לדת ומדינה -לוגו ללא מספר. Israel Religious Action Center Israel Movement for Reform and Progressive Judaism Racism and Gender in Israel Written by: Attorney Ruth Carmi Editing and production: Attorney Einat Horvitz Consultation: Dr. Orit Kamir, Attorney Leora Bechor, Noa Sattath, Attorney Ricky Shapira-Rosenberg English translation: Shaul Vardi Cover photograph: Sari Ganulin © Israel Religious Action Center, Israel Movement for Progressive (Reform) Judaism September 2014 Israel Religious Action Center 13 King David St., P.O.B. 31936, Jerusalem 91319 Telephone: 02-6203323 | Fax: 02-6256260 www.irac.org | [email protected] Contents Preface ................................................................................................................................................................... 7 Introduction...................................................................................................................................................... 9 A Description of the Problem ............................................................................................................ 13 Flyers and Publications ................................................................................................................................... 16 Conferences, Demonstrations, and Tours ................................................................................................. 28 Statements by Rabbis .....................................................................................................................................

  • Library of Congress Subject Headings in Jewish Studies

    Judaica Librarianship Volume 9 Number 1–2 86-94 12-31-1995 Library of Congress Subject Headings in Jewish Studies: Recent Changes (1994–1995) Joseph Galron-Goldschliiger Ohio State University Libraries, Columbus, Ohio, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://ajlpublishing.org/jl Part of the Bilingual, Multilingual, and Multicultural Education Commons, Information Literacy Commons, Jewish Studies Commons, and the Reading and Language Commons Recommended Citation Galron-Goldschliiger, Joseph. 1995. "Library of Congress Subject Headings in Jewish Studies: Recent Changes (1994–1995)." Judaica Librarianship 9: 86-94. doi:10.14263/2330-2976.1188. ,.:;I Library of Congress Subject Headings in Jewish Studies: Recent Changes (1994-1995) Joseph Galron-Goldschliiger Ohio State University Libraries Columbus, Ohio The following subject headings of interest The list is divided into three sections: Angels in rabbinical literature to Judaica and Hebraica librarians were [BM509.A48] culled from Library of Congress Weekly 1. New Subject Headings; BT Rabbinical literature Lists (1994) nos. 6-52 (Feb. 9, 1994- Antenuptial contracts (Samaritan law) December 28, 1994), and (1995) nos. 1-36 2. Old vs. New Subject Headings; BT Law, Samaritan (January 4, 1995-September 6, 1995). This Anti-Jewish propaganda [May Subd Geog] list continues my earlier one, published in 3. Update of Existing Subject Headings, UF Antisemitic propaganda Judaica Librarianship, vol. 8, no. 1-2 including changes in geographic subdivi­ BT Antisemitism (Spring 1993-Winter 1994), pp. 73-82. The sion and in cross references. (*represents Propaganda list is also an update of my 4th edition of a new heading, and C stands for a can­ Arabah Valley (Israel and Jordan) Library of Congress Subject Headings in celed heading.) UF Araba Valley (Israel and Jordan) Jewish Studies (New York: Association of Arava Valley (Israel and Jordan) Jewish Libraries, 1993).