Such Lives As These… a Chronicle of the Armstrong, Hart, Howard, Mclean, and Trimmer Families in Pennsylvania, New York and Westward Ca 1751

Home , German Battalion, John Hamilton (Loyalist), Pennsylvania Line, Richard Enderlin, The Two Georges

SUCH LIVES AS THESE… A CHRONICLE OF THE ARMSTRONG, HART, HOWARD, MCLEAN, AND TRIMMER FAMILIES IN PENNSYLVANIA, NEW YORK AND WESTWARD CA 1751 – CA 1855

“Such lives as these form the richest part of the heritage of our present American life.”

GREGORY A. VAUT 2016

Acknowledgements: Quote on cover is from the obituary Mary Blackwood (Copeland) Howard: “Passing of a Pioneer: Obituary of Mary Blackwood Copeland Howard,” Fulton County Tribune. Wauseon, Ohio. February 5, 1915, p. 1 columns 4 and 5.

Cover illustration is “The Squatters”, 1850, by George Caleb Bingham (1811-1879); a bequest of Henry Lee Shattuck to the Boston Museum of Fine Arts in memory of the late Ralph W. Gray. This painting is of settlers along the Missouri River.

SUCH LIVES AS THESE… A Chronicle of the Armstrong, Hart, Howard, McLean, and Trimmer Families in Pennsylvania, New York and Westward ca 1751 – ca 1855

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Table of Figures ...... iii Acknowledgements ...... xii Forward ...... xiii Style, Citations and References ...... xv Chapter 1 Background ...... 1 A. The Five Families in Pennsylvania ...... 1 B. The Five Families in New York ...... 18 C. The Five Families Move Westward ...... 30 Chapter 2 The Family of Alexander1 ARMSTRONG Sr ...... 35 A. The ARMSTRONG Family in Pennsylvania 1751 – bef 1800...... 43

B. Revolutionary War Service of the ARMSTRONG Family 1776 – 1782 ...... 49 C. The ARMSTRONG Family in New York ca 1796 - 1832...... 52

2 2 2 2 D. The Third Generation – The Children of JAMES , MARY , SARAH , GEORGE , and 2 ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG ...... 57 E. The ARMSTRONG Family Moves Westward Before 1840 ...... 61 Chapter 3 The Family of Epenetus1 HART ...... 65 A. The HART Family in Pennsylvania ca 1756 to 1793 ...... 66

1 B. Revolutionary War Service of EPENETUS HART 1777 – 1782 ...... 72 C. The HART Family in New York ca 1794 to ca 1822 ...... 73

1 2 D. The Second Generation – The Children of EPENETUS HART and MARY (ARMSTRONG) HART...... 80 E. The HART Family Moves Westward ca 1822 ...... 93 Chapter 4 The Family of Thomas1 HOWARD ...... 100

A. The HOWARD Family in Pennsylvania 1778 to 1794 ...... 101

1 B. Revolutionary War Service of THOMAS HOWARD 1778 – 1783 ...... 103 C. The HOWARD Family in New York 1794 to 1821 ...... 105

1 1 D. The Second Generation – The Children of THOMAS HOWARD and ELIZABETH (ARMSTRONG) HOWARD ...... 110 E. The HOWARD Family Moves Westward ca 1821-2 ...... 116 Chapter 5 The Family of John S. 1 MCLEAN ...... 127

A. The MCLEAN Family in Pennsylvania bef 1776 to 1796 ...... 130

1 B. Revolutionary War Service of JOHN S. MCLEAN 1776 - 1782...... 132 C. The McLEAN Family in New York 1796 to 1850 ...... 135

1 2 D. The Second Generation – The Children of JOHN S. MCLEAN and SARAH (ARMSTRONG) MCLEAN ...... 140 Chapter 6 The Families of Paul1 and Anthony II1 TRIMMER ...... 151

A. The TRIMMER Families in Pennsylvania 1777 – ca 1775 ...... 154

1 B. Revolutionary War Service of ANTHONY II TRIMMER ...... 156 C. The TRIMMER Families in New York ca 1795 to ca 1840 ...... 158 D. The Second Generation of the TRIMMER Families ...... 163

1 D.1 The children of PAUL and Jane (McElwain) TRIMMER ...... 163

1 1 D.2 The Children of ANTHONY II and SARAH (HOWARD) TRIMMER ...... 166 E. The TRIMMER Families Move Westward Before 1810 - 1840 ...... 176

1 E.1 The children of PAUL and Jane (McElwain) TRIMMER Move Westward Before 1810 ...... 176

1 1 E.2 The children of ANTHONY II and SARAH (HOWARD) TRIMMER Move Westward Before 1810 ...... 183 Appendix A: Four Generations of The ARMSTRONG Family ...... 187 Appendix B: Four Generations of The HART Family...... 190 Appendix C: Four Generations of The HOWARD Family ...... 195 Appendix D: Three Generations of The McLEAN Family ...... 199 Appendix E: Four Generations of The TRIMMER Family ...... 202 Bibliography and Sources ...... 206 Key to Reference Citations ...... 222 End Notes ...... 242

TABLE OF FIGURES

Figure 1: The Author’s Eight generations of Descent from the ARMSTRONG and HART Families xiii Figure 2: Approximate Area of Fermanagh Township 1754-1795 in (then) Ontario Co. until 1789 and (then) Mifflin Co...... 2 Figure 3: Earliest Recorded Dates in Pennsylvania for Each Family ...... 2 Figure 4: Map of Pennsylvania County Boundaries in 1780...... 5

Figure 5: 1790 Federal Census for Mifflin Co., Penn. (pp. 104-105) Showing the HART, ARMSTRONG, MCLEAN AND HOWARD Families ...... 6 Figure 6: Presence of Five Families in Cumberland Co., Penn. 1778-1782 As Recorded in State Rate and State Tax Lists ...... 8 Figure 7: Presence of Five Families in Cumberland and Northumberland Counties, Penn. 1775- 1789 As Recorded in State Rate and State Tax Lists ...... 8 Figure 8: Marriage Relationships between the Five Families ...... 9 Figure 9: Revolutionary War Units Listing Men from the ARMSTRONG, HART, HOWARD, McLEAN and TRIMMER Families, 1776-1783 ...... 10 Figure 10: Records Showing Revolutionary War Service of Two or More Men from the Five Families and the Units’ Townships of Origin ...... 12 Figure 11: Other Revolutionary War Service Records of Men from the ARMSTRONG, HART, HOWARD, McLEAN and TRIMMER Families, 1776-1783 ...... 13 Figure 12: Map of a Portion of Snyder Co., Penn. Highlighting Geographical Features Cited and 1 Approximate Location of the 1787 and 1788 Patents of 1) EPENETUS HART; 2) 1 2 1 ALEXANDER and Margaret ARMSTRONG; and 3) GEORGE ARMSTRONG, JOHN S. 1 MCCLAIN [sic], and THOMAS HOWARD...... 16 Figure 13: Map Showing Relative Locations of Fermanagh Twp., (now) Juniata, Co. and Beaver Dam Twp., (now) Snyder Co., Penn...... 17 Figure 14: Last Recorded Dates and Locations of the Five Families in Penn...... 17 Figure 15: The Counties of New York in 1799 ...... 19 Figure 16: Early 18th Century Flatboat on Susquehanna River ...... 20 Figure 17: The Village of Bath, N.Y. in the Genesee Country - 1798 ...... 21 Figure 18: Map of Probable Migration Routes of the Five Families from the Fermanagh Area of Penn. to Ontario Co., N.Y. ca 1795-1798 ...... 22 Figure 19: Map of New York and Pennsylvania Frontiers and Major Roads 1790-1812 ...... 23 Figure 20: Earliest Recorded Dates and Locations of the Five Families in Ontario Co., N.Y...... 24

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Figure 21: Portion of Henry Plum’s 1798 “Survey of Reed & Ryckman’s Location” with Locations of Armstrong, Griffin, Hart, and Mclean Lots ...... 25 Figure 22: Location of Plum’s 1798 “Survey of Reed & Ryckman’s Location” in Torrey Twp. (of 1876) and Land Owners from the Five Families with Holdings 1798-1810 ...... 26 Figure 23: 1829 Map of Seneca and Benton Townships Showing The Gore and Location of Plum’s Map ...... 27 Figure 24: Presence of Five Families in Ontario Co., N.Y. in the 1799-1804 Tax Assessment Lists 28 Figure 25: Lake Erie Steamboat Walk-in-the-Water 1818-1821 ...... 31 Figure 26: Buffalo, N.Y. Harbor 1825 ...... 31 Figure 27: Map of Westward Migrations from Yates Co., N.Y. of the Armstrong, Hart, Howard, McLean and Trimmer Families 1820 to 1855 ...... 33

1 Figure 28: Description of the 1821 Migration of THOMAS HOWARD and Family from Yates Co., N.Y. to Sandusky Co., Ohio ...... 33

1 Figure 29: Transcription of Will of ROBERT ARMSTRONG of Fermanagh Twp., Cumberland Co., Penn., Dated 24 June 1783 ...... 36

1 Figure 30: Transcription of Will of GEORGE ARMSTRONG of Milford Twp., Cumberland Co., Penn., Dated 4 March 1791 ...... 37

1 Figure 31: Family Relationships Mentioned in the 1783 Will of ROBERT ARMSTRONG and 1791 1 Will of GEORGE ARMSTRONG ...... 39

1 Figure 32: Detail of Enumeration for ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG from 1790 U. S. Census, Mifflin Co., Penn...... 46 Figure 33: ARMSTRONG Family Members in Cumberland Co. Supply Rates Lists for 1778 - 1782 ...... 47 Figure 34: ARMSTRONG Family Members in Cumberland Co. Supply Rates and Tax Lists for 1785 - 1789 ...... 47 Figure 35: Revolutionary War Units and Service in the Cumberland Co. Militia of Men from the ARMSTRONG Family 1776-1783 ...... 49 Figure 36: Other Revolutionary War Service Records of Men from the ARMSTRONG Family ..... 50 Figure 37: 1800 Federal Census for Ontario Co., N.Y. - Citations for George Armstrong in Jerusalem Twp. and Seneca Twp...... 54

1 Figure 38: Possible Presence of the Sons of ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG in Ontario Co., New York in the 1799-1804 Tax Assessment Rolls ...... 55 Figure 39: Comparison of James Armstrong Households in 1810 Federal Census for Seneca Twp., Ontario Co., N.Y...... 57 Figure 40: Harbor of Sandusky, Ohio in 1846 ...... 61

Figure 41: Map Showing Counties of Northwestern Ohio and Southeastern Michigan and Migration of James3 Armstrong ...... 62

2 2 1 Figure 42: Migrations of GEORGE (1832-1834) and ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG (Alexander ) (1832-1835) Westward from Yates Co., N.Y. to Sandusky Co., Ohio and Washtenaw Co., Mich...... 63

1 Figure 43: Spread of the Descendants of ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG from Fermanagh Twp. to Ontario and Yates Counties, N.Y., and Onward ...... 64

1 Figure 44: Passage from Ellis & Hungerford [1838] on EPENETUS HART ...... 66

1 Figure 45: Recorded Locations for EPENETUS HART in Penn. 1756/60 – 1793 ...... 67

1 Figure 46: Chronological Listing of Documented Residences of EPENETUS HART in Pennsylvania ...... 68

1 Figure 47: Detail of Enumeration for EPENETUS HART from 1790 U. S. Census, Mifflin Co., Penn...... 71

1 Figure 48: Revolutionary War Units/Service in the Cumberland Co. Militia of EPENETUS HART 1777-1782 ...... 73

1 Figure 49: Other Revolutionary War Service Records of EPENETUS HART ...... 73 Figure 50: Portion of Henry Plum’s 1798 Survey of Reed & Ryckman’s Location with Locations of Two Hart Lots ...... 76 Figure 51: Presence of the HART Family in Ontario Co., N.Y. in the 1799-1804 Tax Assessment Lists with Allied Families ...... 77 Figure 52: Chancery Court Announcement of 19 June 1803 Concerning Charles Williamson v. 1 EPENETUS HART, et al...... 79 Figure 53: Detail of Enumeration for Susan3 Hart or Susan (__?__) HART from 1820 U.S. Census Canandaigua, Ontario Co., N.Y...... 81 Figure 54: Detail of Enumeration for Susan3 Ann Hart or Susan (__?__) HART from 1830 U.S. Census for Canandaigua, Ontario Co., N.Y...... 82 Figure 55: Newspaper Announcement of Hart & Jones Hat Store 3 Jan. 1815 ...... 82 Figure 56: Detail of Enumeration for Richard Montgomery Williams from 1810 U.S. Census Village of Aurora, Scipio Twp., Cayuga Co., N.Y...... 85 Figure 57: Detail of Enumeration for Richard Montgomery Williams from 1820 U.S. Census Middlesex Twp., Ontario Co., N.Y...... 86 Figure 58: Detail of Enumeration for Richard Montgomery Williams from 1830 U.S. Census Middlesex Twp., Yates Co., N.Y...... 87

Figure 59: Detail of Enumeration for William Shattuck from 1820 U.S. Census Benton Twp., Ontario Co., N.Y...... 89

Figure 60: Detail of Enumeration for William Shattuck from 1830 U.S. Census Prattsburg Twp., Steuben Co., N.Y...... 89

Figure 61: Detail of Enumeration for William Shattuck from 1840 U.S. Census Elk Twp., Warren Co., Penn...... 90

2 Figure 62: Detail of Enumeration for THOMAS HART from 1810 U.S. Census Benton Twp., Ontario Co., N.Y...... 92

2 1 Figure 63: Migration of ARMSTRONG HART (Epenetus ) Westward from Yates Co., N.Y. to Franklin Co., Mo. ca 1822-1823 ...... 95 Figure 64: Map of Twp. 44-N, Range 1-W, Section 20, Franklin Co., Missouri (1901) ...... 96

2 Figure 65: Transcription of Will of ARMSTRONG HART of Franklin Co., Missouri, Dated 26 November 1829 and Proved 3 May 1830 ...... 97

1 Figure 66: Spread of the Descendants of EPENETUS HART from Fermanagh Twp. to Ontario and Yates Counties, N.Y., and Onward to (1) Franklin Co., Mo. and (2) McHenry Co., Ill. . 99

1 Figure 67: Listings of THOMAS HOWARD in Fermanagh Twp., Cumberland Co. Supply Rates and Tax Lists for 1778 – 1789 ...... 102

1 Figure 68: Detail of Enumeration for THOMAS HOWARD from 1790 U. S. Census, Mifflin Co., Penn...... 102

1 Figure 69: Revolutionary War Units/Service in the Cumberland Co. Militia of THOMAS HOWARD 1777-1783 ...... 104

1 Figure 70: Other Revolutionary War Service Records of THOMAS HOWARD ...... 104

1 Figure 71: Presence of THOMAS HOWARD in Ontario Co., N.Y. in the 1800-1804 Tax Assessment Lists ...... 106

1 Figure 72: Detail of Enumeration for THOMAS HOWARD from the 1800 U. S. Census, Seneca, Ontario Co., N.Y...... 107

1 Figure 73: Detail of Enumeration for THOMAS HOWARD from the 1810 U. S. Census, Benton Twp., Oneida Co. (actually Ontario Co.), N.Y...... 107

1 Figure 74: Detail of Enumeration for THOMAS HOWARD from the 1820 U. S. Census, Benton Twp., Ontario Co., N.Y...... 108

2 Figure 75: Detail of Enumeration for WILLIAM HOWARD from the 1820 U. S. Census, Benton Twp., Ontario Co., N.Y...... 111

2 Figure 76: Detail of Enumeration for ALEXANDER HOWARD from the 1810 U. S. Census, Benton Twp., Ontario Co., N.Y...... 112

Figure 77: Census Detail for the Benjamin Davison Household from the 1850 U.S. Census, Shawnee Twp., Allen Co., Penn...... 114 Figure 78: Howard Family Settlement — Lucas, Fulton and Wood Counties, Ohio ...... 116

1 Figure 79: Waggoner’s Account of the Travel of THOMAS HOWARD and Westward from Yates Co., N.Y. to Wood Co., Ohio in 1821 ...... 117

1 Figure 80: Migration of THOMAS HOWARD and Family from Fermanagh, Mifflin Co., Penn. To Ontario Co., N.Y. in 1794 and Westward to Wood Co., Ohio ca 1821 ...... 118

2 Figure 81: Route of WILLIAM HOWARD and Family from Lake Seneca Ontario Co., N.Y. to Lucas Co., Ohio via the Erie Canal and Lake Erie ca 1830 ...... 120 Figure 82: Known Locations of David Alexander Hobart3 Howard (Alexander2, Thomas1) 1818- 1 1903 as an Example of the Peripatetic Nature of the Third Generation of the THOMAS 1 and ELIZABETH (ARMSTRONG) HOWARD Family ...... 121

2 Figure 83: Detail of Enumeration for the ALEXANDER HOWARD Household from the 1830 U. S. Census, Perrysburg Twp, Wood Co., Ohio ...... 121

2 Figure 84: Detail of Enumeration for the EDWARD HOWARD Household from the 1830 U. S. Census, Perrysburg Twp, Wood Co., Ohio ...... 122

2 Figure 85: Detail of Enumeration for the EDWARD HOWARD Household from the 1840 U. S. Census, Weston Twp, Wood Co., Ohio ...... 123

2 Figure 86: Detail of Enumeration for the ROBERT ARMSTRONG HOWARD Household from the 1830 U. S. Census, Perrysburg Twp, Wood Co., Ohio ...... 123

2 Figure 87: Detail of Enumeration for the RICHARD ARMSTRONG HOWARD Household from the 1840 U. S. Census, York Twp, Lucas Co., Ohio ...... 124

2 Figure 88: Detail of Enumeration for the RICHARD MONTGOMERY WILLIAMS HOWARD Household from the 1830 U. S. Census, Perrysburg Twp, Wood Co., Ohio ...... 125

1 1 Figure 89: Spread of the Family of THOMAS and ELIZABETH (ARMSTRONG) HOWARD and Descendants from Fermanagh Twp. to Ontario and Yates Counties, N.Y., to Ohio, and Beyond ...... 126

1 Figure 90: JOHN S. MCLEAN in Cumberland Co. Supply Rates and Tax Lists for 1778 - 1789 ... 131

1 Figure 91: Detail of Enumeration for JOHN S. MCLEAN from 1790 U. S. Census, Mifflin Co., Penn...... 131

1 Figure 92: Revolutionary War Units/Service of JOHN S. MCLEAN 1776-1782 ...... 132 Figure 93: Other Revolutionary War Service Records of Men from the ARMSTRONG Family ... 134

1 Figure 94: JOHN S. MCLEAN Pension Application Affidavit Dated 28 Sept. 1832 ...... 134 Figure 95: Letter Dated May 1, 1917 from Grace McLean to the Commissioner of Pensions, Washington, DC ...... 136

1 Figure 96: Detail of Enumeration for JOHN S. MCLEAN from the 1800 U. S. Census, Jerusalem, Ontario Co., N.Y...... 137

1 Figure 97: Presence of JOHN S. MCLEAN in Ontario Co., N.Y. in the 1800-1804 Tax Assessment Lists ...... 138

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1 Figure 98: JOHN S. MCLEAN Households from the 1810 and 1820 U. S. Censuses, Benton Twp. Ontario Co., N.Y.and 1830 U. S. Censuses, Benton Twp. Yates Co., N.Y...... 138

1 Figure 99: Summary of JOHN S. McLEAN Recorded Residences in New York 1796-1841 ...... 139 Figure 100: Map of Benton and Torrey Townships ca 1876 ...... 140

2 Figure 101: Detail of Enumeration for WILLIAM F. McLEAN from the 1810 U.S. Census, Benton Twp., Oneida Co. (actually Ontario Co.), N.Y...... 142

2 Figure 102: Detail of Enumeration for WILLIAM F. McLEAN from the 1830 U.S. Census, Benton Twp., Yates Co., N.Y...... 142

2 Figure 103: Detail of Enumeration for WILLIAM F. McLEAN from the 1840 U.S. Census, Benton Twp., Yates Co.,N.Y...... 143 Figure 104: Detail of Enumeration for the Rensellaer Travis from the 1850 U.S. Census, Milo, Yates Co.,N.Y...... 143 Figure 105: Migration of William2 F. McLean (John1) Westward from Yates Co., N. Y. to Fountain Co., Ind. between 1850 and 1855 ...... 144

2 Figure 106: Census Citations for JOHN ARMSTRONG MCLEAN 1810 – 1865 ...... 145

2 Figure 107: Census Detail for the JOHN ARMSTRONG MCLEAN Household from the 1820 U.S. Census, Benton Twp., Ontario Co., N.Y...... 146

2 Figure 108: Census Detail for the JOHN ARMSTRONG MCLEAN Household from the 1830 U.S. Census, Benton Twp., Ontario Co., N.Y...... 146

3 Figure 109: Census Detail for the Aaron R. McLean Household from the 1850 U.S. Census, Benton Twp., Yates Co., N.Y...... 147

2 Figure 110: Census Detail for the JOHN ARMSTRONG MCLEAN Household from the 1860 U.S. Census, Torrey Twp., Yates Co., N.Y...... 147

1 2 Figure 111: Spread of the Family of JOHN S. and SARAH (ARMSTRONG) MCLEAN and Descendants from Fermanagh Twp. to Ontario and Yates Counties, N.Y., to Tioga Co., Penn., and to Fountain Co., Ind...... 150

1 1 Figure 112: Recorded Locations for ANTHONY II TRIMMER and PAUL TRIMMER in Penn. 1777- 1790 ...... 154

1 1 Figure 113: Presence of ANTHONY II TRIMMER and PAUL TRIMMER in Penn. Supply Rates and Tax Lists for 1778–82 and 1785–89 ...... 154

Figure 114: Census Detail for the Anthony Trimor Household from the 1790 U.S. Census, Warrinton [sic] Twp., York Co., Penn...... 155

1 Figure 115: Census Detail for the PAUL TRIMMER Household from the 1790 U.S. Census, Northumberland Co., Penn...... 156 Figure 116: Revolutionary War Units/Service in the Cumberland Co. Militia of Anthony II1 TRIMMER and Paul1 TRIMMER 1780-1782 ...... 156

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1 1 Figure 117: Other Revolutionary War Service Records of ANTHONY II TRIMMER and PAUL TRIMMER ...... 157

1 Figure 118: Census Detail for the ANTHONY II TRIMMER Household from the 1800 U.S. Census, Seneca Twp., Ontario Co., N.Y...... 159

1 1 Figure 119: Presence of ANTHONY II and PAUL TRIMMER in Ontario Co., N.Y. in the 1800-1804 Tax Assessment Lists ...... 159

1 Figure 120: Census Detail for the ANTHONY II TRIMMER Household from the 1810 U.S. Census, Benton Twp., Ontario Co., N.Y...... 160

1 Figure 121: Census Detail for the ANTHONY II TRIMMER Household from the 1820 U.S. Census, Benton Twp., Ontario Co., N.Y...... 161 Figure 122: Transcription of Petition Concerning Waitstill Dickenson Dated 23 July 1823 Signed by Residents of Benton Twp...... 161

1 Figure 123: Census Detail for the ANTHONY II TRIMMER Household from the 1825 New York State Census, Benton Twp., Ontario Co., N.Y...... 162

1 Figure 124: Census Detail for the ANTHONY II TRIMMER Household from the 1830 U.S. Census, Benton Twp., Ontario Co., N.Y...... 162

2 Figure 125: Census Detail for the ISAIAH F. TRIMMER from the 1820 U.S. Census, Benton Twp., Ontario Co., N.Y...... 167

2 Figure 126: Census Detail for the ISAIAH F. TRIMMER Household from the 1825 New York State Census, Benton Twp., Ontario Co., N.Y...... 167

2 Figure 127: Census Detail for the ISAIAH F. TRIMMER Household from the 1830 U.S. Census, Benton Twp., Yates Co., N.Y...... 168

2 Figure 128: Census Detail for the ANDREW TRIMMER from the 1810 U.S. Census, Seneca Twp., Ontario Co., N.Y...... 168

2 Figure 129: Census Detail for the ANTHONY III TRIMMER from the 1820 U.S. Census, Benton Twp., Ontario Co., N.Y...... 169

2 Figure 130: Census Detail for the ANTHONY III TRIMMER Household from the 1825 New York State Census, Benton Twp., Ontario Co., N.Y...... 169

2 Figure 131: Census Detail for the ANTHONY III TRIMMER from the 1830 U.S. Census, Benton Twp., Yates Co., N.Y...... 170

2 Figure 132: Census Detail for the ANTHONY III TRIMMER from the 1840 U.S. Census, Benton Twp., Yates Co., N.Y...... 170

2 Figure 133: Census Detail for the ANTHONY III TRIMMER from the 1855 New York State Census, Benton Twp., Yates Co., N.Y...... 171

2 Figure 134: Census Detail for the ANTHONY III TRIMMER from the 1860 U.S. Census, Pulteney Twp., Steuben Co., N.Y...... 171

2 Figure 135: Census Detail for the EPENETUS HART TRIMMER Household from the 1830 U.S. Census, Benton Twp., Yates Co., N.Y...... 172

2 Figure 136: Census Detail for the EPENETUS HART TRIMMER III Household from the 1835 New York State Census, Benton Twp., Ontario Co., N.Y...... 173

2 Figure 137: Census Detail for the EPENETUS HART TRIMMER Household from the 1840 U.S. Census, Benton Twp., Yates Co., N.Y...... 173

2 Figure 138: Census Detail for the EPENETUS HART TRIMMER Household from the 1850 U.S. Census, Benton Twp., Yates Co., N.Y...... 174

2 Figure 139: Census Detail for the DAVID TRIMMER HOUSEHOLD from the 1820 U.S. Census, Benton Twp., Yates Co., N.Y...... 174

2 Figure 140: Census Detail for the DAVID TRIMMER JR Household from the 1825 New York State Census, Benton Twp., Ontario Co., N.Y...... 175

2 Figure 141: Census Detail for the DAVID TRIMMER Household from the 1830 U.S. Census, Benton Twp., Yates Co., N.Y...... 175

1 Figure 142: Locations of the PAUL TRIMMER Family in 1790, 1804 and by 1810 in Smith Twp., Penn...... 176

1 Figure 143: Census Detail for the PAUL TRIMMER Household from the 1810 U.S. Census, Smith Twp., Washington Co., Penn...... 177

2 Figure 144: Census Detail for the ANTHONY TRIMMER Household from the 1810 U.S. Census, Smith Twp., Washington Co., Penn...... 177

2 Figure 145: Census Detail for the THOMAS TRIMMER Household from the 1810 U.S. Census, Smith Twp., Washington Co., Penn...... 178

1 Figure 146: Census Detail for the PAUL TRIMMER Household from the 1820 U.S. Census, Smith Twp., Washington Co., Penn...... 178

2 Figure 147: Census Detail for the ANTHONY TRIMMER Household from the 1820 U.S. Census, Smith Twp., Washington Co., Penn...... 179

2 Figure 148: Census Detail for the THOMAS TRIMMER Household from the 1820 U.S. Census, Smith Twp., Washington Co., Penn...... 179

2 Figure 149: Census Detail for the ANTHONY TRIMMER Household from the 1830 U.S. Census, Smith Twp., Washington Co., Penn...... 180

2 Figure 150: Census Detail for the SAMUEL TRIMMER SR Household from the 1830 U.S. Census, Robinson Twp., Washington Co., Penn...... 180

2 Figure 151: Census Detail for the ANTHONY TRIMMER Household from the 1840 U.S. Census, Smith Twp., Washington Co., Penn...... 181

2 Figure 152: Census Detail for the THOMAS TRIMMER Household from the 1840 U.S. Census, Robinson Twp., Washington Co., Penn...... 181

2 Figure 153: Census Detail for the SAMUEL TRIMMER Household from the 1840 U.S. Census, Robinson Twp., Washington Co., Penn...... 182

2 Figure 154: Census Detail for the THOMAS TRIMMER Household from the 1850 U.S. Census, Robinson Twp., Washington Co., Penn...... 183

2 Figure 155: Census Detail for the THOMAS TRIMMER Household from the 1850 U.S. Census, Robinson Twp., Washington Co., Penn...... 183

2 2 Figure 156: Migrations of ISAIAH F. TRIMMER before 1840 to Ashtabula Co., Ohio and DAVID TRIMMER before 1855 to Kent Co., Michigan ...... 184

2 Figure 157: Census Detail for the ISAIAH F. TRIMMER Household from the 1840 U.S. Census, Pierpont Twp., Ashtabula Co., Ohio...... 184

2 Figure 158: Census Detail for the ISAIAH F. TRIMMER Household from the 1850 U.S. Census, Pierpont Twp., Ashtabula Co., Ohio...... 185

2 Figure 159: Census Detail for the ISAIAH F. TRIMMER Household from the 1860 U.S. Census, Pierpont Twp., Ashtabula Co., Ohio...... 185

1 1 Figure 160: Spread of the Families of PAUL and Jane (McElwain) TRIMMER and ANTHONY and 1 SARAH (HOWARD) TRIMMER and Their Descendants from Fermanagh Twp...... 186

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This monograph represents my own research over several decades, as well as work shared with me by other researchers who provided invaluable assistance, research leads, and advice as I explored these five families. I owe particular debts of gratitude to a number of people who have willingly shared their own research with me. Leslie Nofoagatoto'a first stimulated my interest in researching our common HART 1 ancestors in 1998. Sherry Conybeare first gave me the evidence to confirm the link to EPENETUS HART and introduced me to research on the New York and Pennsylvania roots of this family. A number of other genealogists, including Carol Anders, Jim German, Pauline Henry, Carolyn Howard, Mark Lozer, Kathy Alvis Patterson, and Barbara Wilson, shared their detailed research on the ARMSTRONG family that helped me fit many of the pieces of this family together. A number of different county offices and county historical and genealogical societies have also helped me in my field research and in my document searches. I am particularly indebted to Fran Dumas, County Historian, Yates Co., New York (N.Y.); Brooke Morse of the Ontario Co. (New York) County Records and Archives Office; and Lisa Harper of the Yates Co. (N.Y.) Historical Society. Other societies that have been helpful include: the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, the New England Historic Genealogical Society, the Ontario Co Historical Society, and the Cumberland, Juniata and Mifflin county historical societies. All of my data from this research has been recorded in my genealogical database (maintained with the help of the great software, “The Master Genealogist”). I have published this information in a raw form on my website, www.acvancestors.com, with frequent updates. This present document reflects a winnowing and refining of that information, and an attempt at synthesis. Though I have depended heavily on the generosity of others in sharing their own work with me, I nonetheless, take full responsibility for the conclusions and facts reported here and for any and all mistakes in fact and logic and errors in citation and transcription.

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FORWARD

The five families of this study intermarried. I have direct descent from two of the five families, the ARMSTRONGS and HARTS, as the result of one of these marriages, as outlined in Figure 1.

Figure 1: The Author’s Eight generations of Descent from the ARMSTRONG and HART Families

1 ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG, SR = Elizabeth E. _____

1 2 EPENETUS HART = MARY ARMSTRONG

2 a ARMSTRONG HART = Nancy (Todd) Murphy

Epenetus B.3 Hart = Prudence Allison Todd

Charles Theodore4 Hart = Martha Ann Crow

Bert A Vaut, Sr = Martha Elizabeth5 Hart

Bert A Vaut, Jr = Lois Lorene Pratt

Gregory Alan Vaut= Ellen Downing Meek

My interest in these families grew out of my research in the 1990s to identify the origins of my third great 2 grandfather, ARMSTRONG HART. I knew very little about Armstrong when I began:

2 • In 1795 ARMSTRONG had married Susan Riggs in Benton Twp., Yates Co., N.Y. and they had four daughters. 2 • ARMSTRONG moved to Missouri (Mo.) ca 1822, leaving his four daughters in N.Y. I assumed that his wife Susan had died previously, though divorce or separation couldn’t be ruled out. 2 • In Mo., ARMSTRONG married again ca 1822 to the widow Nancy (Todd) MURPHY. Armstrong and Nancy then had three sons and named their second son Epenetus3. The given name “Epenetus” was not common and seemed to offer a research path. That path led to the discovery of the Revolutionary War records of an Epenetus HART in the Cumberland Co., Penn. militia, 2 but there seemed to be no link between this Epenetus and my ancestor, ARMSTRONG HART. In 2014, another researcher, Ms. Sherry Conybeareb who had researched the same HART family in N.Y. and Penn. indicated that she had uncovered some interesting circumstantial evidence that led her to

a I am also a direct descendant of Nancy Todd’s brother, Isaiah, grandfather of the Prudence Allison Todd who married Epenetus B.3 Hart (Armstrong2, Epenetus1). Epenetus B.3 and his wife Prudence Allison were actually first cousins once removed. b I am deeply indebted to Ms. Conybeare who shared the results of her many years of research on the HARTs in New York and Pennsylvania. Her kindness in sharing her findings and her research experience was a valuable accelerator for the present research. However, this author accepts full responsibility for any assumptions, interpretations or conclusions made here which may later prove erroneous.

xiii

2 1 conclude that ARMSTRONG was in fact the son of this same EPENETUS HART who had served in the Cumberland Co. militia. She also found evidence that the given name, "Armstrong", was quite possibly the maiden name of his 2 1 mother. I later determined that MARY ARMSTRONG, a daughter of ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG, had 1 2 married EPENETUS HART and was undoubtedly ARMSTRONG HART’s mother. Making such genealogical connections is one of the pleasures for me of this kind of research, but my greatest pleasure has come from better understanding history, geography and economics through researching the lives and travels of these five families. One small example has been the extent to which this research has elucidated for me the openings of central Pennsylvania and western New York to eighteenth century settlement, and the early nineteenth century migrations further westward. As an economist and historian, I am a firm believer in the importance of geography in understanding both economics and history (and of economics in understanding history). As a genealogical researcher, I have on occasion felt that a certain frisson when coming across an author who asserts uncategorically a detailed family tree, never hesitating to assign relationships, dates, or other facts, and then the subsequent depression that comes on realizing that the same author utterly fails to give the slightest indication of how they know these facts to be true. Too often, many published family trees fail to provide even the most rudimentary evidence to support their assertions. Frustratingly, two equally dogmatic authors will posit diametrically opposed facts without establishing the validity of either of their mutually exclusive claims. This is a path I have assiduously tried to avoid in the present work. There are many unanswered questions, possibly confused identities, and inaccurate conclusions in what I have found. I have tried to note all of these contradictions and questionable interpretations of evidence; providing what evidence I have to guide others who may eventually unravel them where I have failed or set them right when I am in error. In some cases, I have favored one interpretation over another, but have tried always to clearly identify unproved assertions, “guesses” and hypotheses, and explain my reasoning. Gregory A. Vaut South Burlington, Vermont June 2016

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STYLE, CITATIONS AND REFERENCES

I have generally followed The Register style of the New England Historic Genealogical Society.1 This is particularly true with respect to the use of superscript numbers to designate the generations of individuals 2 1 1 and their descendants. For example, ARMSTRONG HART (Epenetus ) is the son of EPENETUS HART. Generations are also distinguished by the fonts used: First Generation: Alexander1 ARMSTRONG

2 1 Second Generation: GEORGE ARMSTRONG (Alexander ) Third Generation: Sarah3 Armstrong (George2, Alexander1) Fourth Generation: James4 Armstrong (Sarah3, George2, Alexander1) Within each of the five families, the first generation (of the mid-eighteenth century) is numbered as “1”, though earlier ancestors may be discussed. I have included a Bibliography of all references and sources cited. This is included at the end of the document. The URLs are given for specific online sources and citations, as are the locations of documents and other items I found on the Internet. My preferred formatting for citations and source listings is taken from the Elizabeth Mill’s encyclopedic Evidence Explained (third edition).2 Whenever a reference to a source is used for the first time, the full citation is given as it is cited in the Bibliography. Subsequent citations of that source use an abbreviated form of the complete reference. A listing of these abbreviated reference citations follows the Bibliography. For example, the first references to two frequent cited works might read: 1. Cleveland, Stafford Canning and Jemima Wilkinson. History and Directory of Yates County, New York: Containing a Sketch of its Original Settlement by the Public Universal Friends, the Lessee Company and Others, with an Account of Individual Pioneers; also of other Leading Citizens. 2 Volumes. Chronicle Office, Penn Yan, New York: S. C. Cleveland, 1873 (1976 Reprint). Vol. 1, p. 300. 2. 1790 U. S. Census, Pennsylvania, Mifflin County. Series: M637; Roll: 9. Digital images. Ancestry.com. http://www.ancestry.com. Family History Library Film: 0568149, p. 105, line 9. The second and all subsequent references to these same sources would be abbreviated as: 1. Cleveland [1873:I:300]. 2. 1790Mifflin, p. 105, line 9. The use of abbreviated references saves space, shortens the burden of footnotes and endnotes, and is generally easier to follow for the modern reader than the more traditional use of ibid. and op cit. In cases where there is no date of publication or other relevant date, the abbreviation “nd” is used. Endnotes (at the end of each chapter) are used for source citations and are numbered with Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3, etc.), continuously through the document. Footnotes (at the bottom of each page) are used for explanatory text and are numbered with lower case letter (a, b, c, etc.), restarting on each page.

SUCH LIVES AS THESE… A Chronicle of the Armstrong, Hart, Howard, McLean, and Trimmer Families in Pennsylvania, New York and Westward ca 1751 – ca 1855

CHAPTER 1 BACKGROUND

This chronicle covers a period of approximately one hundred years in the lives of five families who were neighbors in the 1780s in Fermanagh Township (Twp.) in (then) Cumberland Countya (Co.), Penn. All five families moved to then Ontario Co., New York (N.Y.) in the mid-1790s. The primary focus covers the families of:

1 b 1. ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG (bef 1740 – aft 1795), and his three sons: 2 1.1. JAMES ARMSTRONG (bef 1757 – aft 1840) 2 1.2. GEORGE ARMSTRONG (1759 – 1842) 2 1.3. ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG (1763 – 1857) 1 2. EPENETUS HART (bef 1753 – 1801/2) 1 3. THOMAS HOWARD (1758/9 – 1825) 1 4. JOHN S. MCLEAN (1748 – 1841) 1 1 5. ANTHONY II TRIMMER (ca 1754 – 1838) and his brother PAUL TRIMMER (ca 1750-1825) This research explores the interactions of these families during a relatively defined period in time. The ARMSTRONG family was perhaps the most problematic. The Armstrong surname was reasonably common among 18th century Scotch-Irish families who settled in Penn. and N.Y., and they frequently used the same given names (Alexander, George, James, Elizabeth, Sarah), complicating the task of sorting out a particular Armstrong family lineage. The men in this study quite often had a second and even a third wife. Clearly, the challenges of frontier life with young children created a strong incentive for widowers with young families to remarry quickly. The low densities of populations in these early settlements limited the choice of marriageable mates and contributed to situations where a man might marry his first wife’s sister or cousin in such a situation. This same limited supply of wives also often led to siblings marrying siblings (e.g., two brothers from one family marrying two sisters from another). All of these situations are evident in the generations of the five families studied here.

A. The Five Families in Pennsylvania

This history of the five families starts in that area of Pennsylvania that eventually became what is modern day Fermanagh Twp. in Juniata Co. Fermanagh Twp. was created in late 1754 or early 1755 and originally covered a much larger area:3 “The original territory of Fermanagh township embraced all the new purchase lying north of the Juniata River. This township also included that part … lying south of the

a The county or twp. name that appears in the contemporary record is used even though today that area may be in a more recently created county or town. b 1 1 ROBERT ARMSTRONG, the brother of ALEXANDER is also discussed in passing.

1 river to the Black Log Mountain, and was part of what is now Snyder County … part of Centre and Huntington Counties.” 4 This area included all of the present townships of Fermanagh, Fayette, Walker, Delaware, and Monroe, and parts of Greenwood and Susquehanna townships in (now) Juniata Co., as well as part of Greenwood Twp. in (now) Perry Co. Thus, in 1754-1795 Fermanagh Twp. encompassed almost all of today’s Juniata Co., east of the Juniata River.a This encompasses almost the entire period of the five families’ settlement in Pennsylvania covered by the present study. The township was reduced to its present boundaries during the mid-1800s, starting with the formation of Fayette Co. in 1834. Figure 2: Approximate Area of Fermanagh Township 1754-1795 in (then) Ontario Co. until 1789 and (then) Mifflin Co.5

Research shows that each of the five families arrived in the Cumberland Co. area of Penn. between 1751 and 1778: Figure 3: Earliest Recorded Dates in Pennsylvania for Each Family

Family Date Observation The ARMSTRONG family seems to have been the first to arrive ARMSTRONG 1751 on the scene in Pennsylvania, with the arrival of the brothers 1 1 ALEXANDER and ROBERT in 1751. Egle wrote ““Robert and

a In June 1789, when Mifflin Co. was created, a small portion of Fermanagh Twp. was annexed to Greenwood Twp. in Perry Co. In 1791 a petition was approved to separate another small portion but this wasn’t surveyed until 1795. See Ellis & Hungerford [1886:I:811].

Alexander Armstrong, brothers, were early settlers on the Susquehanna, near Halifax, in then ‘Pextang.’ On the 13th of August, 1751, one hundred acres were warranted to Robert…”6 1 The earliest reference for EPENETUS HART indicates that he settled in (then) Fermanagh Twp. ca 1756-1760 when Jordan [1913:158] wrote, "Other pioneers in Fayette township were John Quigley, James Jamison, Michael Stuhl, Joseph Bogle, Samuel HART 1756-60 Sharon, William Martin, Epenetus Hart, Hugh Watt, Jonathan Kearsley, Reuben Leonard, Richard Dunn, John Paul, the Shellenberger family, and others." Jordan does not give a specific date for the arrival of these people, but in the prior paragraph speaks of settlement in the area ca 1756.a 7

1 The earliest record for THOMAS HOWARD is a 1778 record of HOWARD By 1778 his service in the Penn. Militia in the 4th Battalion, 7th Class, Capt. James McConal's Co., March 1778.8

1 The earliest record for JOHN S. MCLEAN is that enlisted in the MCLEAN By 1776 Pennsylvania Rifle Regiment in 1776 in the 2nd Battalion, Col. Samuel Miles Regiment of Riflemen, Capt. John Morrow's Co.9 1 ANTHONY II TRIMMER was probably in Pennsylvania by 1777 1 1 b By 1777-8 when he married SARAH HOWARD (THOMAS ’s sister), but TRIMMER 1 was certainly there by 1778 when THOMAS HOWARD appears in the 1778 first state tax list for Fermanagh Twp.10

Some of the confusion that may derive from a study of the written records of these early days concerning where people lived may be explained by the changes in county and township borders that occurred as settlement increased the population density of the area. On 6 July 1754 the Albany Congress of seven American colonies signed an agreement with the Six Nations which conveyed to the Penn. colony a large share of the land on the western bank of the Susquehanna River to the Allegheny Mountains, including the Juniata River Valley.c This became known as the “New Purchase” and launched a new wave of settlement into the area right at the opening of the French and Indian War.d Following 1763 peace treaty between Britain and France, settlement accelerated with 3,200 applications for western land having been submitted by people living in eastern Penn. This land opened by the 1754 New Purchase included all of modern Mifflin and Juniata Counties. Many of the early land warrants for the five families were among this early wave.

a Fayette Twp. that Jordan was writing about wasn’t formed until 1833 and was formed from part of Fermanagh Twp. So when he speaks of “early settlers ca 1756-60, he was referring to settlers at that time of that portion of Fermanagh Twp. that was eventually spun-off to form Fayette. b 1 The Howard family was probably already in Penn. when Sarah and ANTHONY II married in 1777. c The colonies attending were New York, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Maryland and Pennsylvania. The Six Nations of the Iroquois Confederacy are the Seneca, Cayuga, Onondaga, Oneida, Mohawk and Tuscarora. d The French and Indian War is commonly agreed to have started in July 1754 with the Battle of Fort Necessity in today’s Fayette co., Penn. and the French Canadian officer and his French and Native American troops then attacked settlements along the Penn. frontier.

Interestingly, the contribution of new lands, acquired peacefully or by conquest from the Six Nations was not only important to the settlement of the five families in Penn. in the mid-1700s, but also played a role in the opening of land to settlement in the Finger Lakes Region of N.Y. where the same families settled at the end of the eighteenth century. The Sullivan Expedition of 1779 subdued the Seneca people in N.Y. and has been identified as a contributing cause to the opening of that region to settlement in the period following the end of the Revolutionary War. In his History of the Juniata Valley, Jordan describes the creation of the townships in this new area. In August 1754 the township of “Lac” (later spelled “Lack”) was created. The Fermanagh Township was created in 1762, including the land lying north and east of the Juniata River and all the otherwise unorganized lands from the 1754 treaty with the Six Nations. As settlement grew, in 1767, Fermanagh was subdivided to create the townships of Derry, Penn, and Greenwood. Much later, in 1833-4, the new Fayette Township was created from portions of Fermanagh and Greenwood.11

1 1 1 EPENETUS HART, JOHN S. MCLEAN, and ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG families were neighbors in 1 the 1790 federal census of Mifflin Co., Penn. (Figure 5, below), and on the same page as THOMAS a 1 HOWARD. ANTHONY II TRIMMER doesn’t appear as a neighbor of the other four families in the 1790 census, but he does appear repeatedly as a resident of Fermanagh in the same 1778 – 1789 state supply and tax rate lists as the other men (see Figures 6 and 7, below). All five of the families had settled in Fermanagh Twp. by the early 1780s, which was in (then) Cumberland Co. The Juniata River on the western border of Fermanagh Twp. was navigable, at least to smaller boats and barges, and had provided one of the major routes of access to settlement for the center of Penn., including the area of Fermanagh. Figure 4 shows the Penn. county boundaries as they existed in 1780. In 1789, the portion containing much of the Juniata Valley (including Fermanagh) was spun off to form Mifflin Co. Mifflin Co. was then subdivided again in 1831 leaving Fermanagh Twp. in the newly formed Juniata Co. Thus, the recorded locations of the families from evidence such as land transactions, censuses, and tax lists, evolve over time. Originals of many documents are archived in the county originally named, and are not necessarily found in the current county where the event occurred.

a 1 There is no ANTHONY TRIMMER in Mifflin Co. in the 1790 census. However, there is an Anthony Trimmer 1 in York Co. in the 1790 census, where ANTHONY ’s uncle, ANDREAS (ANDREW) TRIMMER was living at the time, but there is no proof.

Figure 4: Map of Pennsylvania County Boundaries in 178012

The areas of Cumberland Co. that later became Mifflin and Juniata counties were troubled by Indian attacks as late as 1780. Ellis & Hungerford [1886:I:811-2], discussing repeated Indian attacks on early settlers in Fermanagh Town, wrote: "The settlers were driven out several times, from 1763, and were much troubled by Indians as late as 1780". They reprint " an agreement relative to protecting the frontier…" This agreement dated 21 May 1780 is signed by residents of Fermanagh, including 1 2 1 EPENETUS HART (as Epenitus [sic] Hart) and JAMES ARMSTRONG (Alexander ), and mentions 2 1 1 1 ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG (Alexander ), THOMAS HOWARD, and ANTHONY II TRIMMER in the text of the agreement.13

Figure 5: 1790 Federal Census for Mifflin Co., Penn. (pp. 104-105) Showing the HART, 14 ARMSTRONG, MCLEAN AND HOWARD Families

Three facts establish the strong network of friendships and family ties that already existed between the five families by the time of the 1790 census: 1. All five families lived in Fermanagh Twp. for an extended period of time (at least 1781-1790); 2. The five families intermarried (see Figure 8, below); and 3. Men of the families often served together in the same units during the Revolutionary War (1776- 1782) (see Figure 9, below). The annual Pennsylvania Supply Rate and State Tax lists for each township document the residences of these men over the period 1778-1789, as shown in Figures 6 and 7.a From these township lists we can see:

1 • ROBERT ARMSTRONG appears in 1778 and 1782 in Greenwood Twp., as confirmed by his will.15 He died in 1783 or 1784. 1 1 2 • His brother, ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG SR and ALEXANDER ’s sons (ALEXANDER , 2 2 GEORGE and JAMES ) appeared consistently in Fermanagh Twp. 1 • EPENETUS HART appears to have first settled in Millford Twp. and later in Fermanagh, from 1781-1789. 1 • THOMAS HOWARD was listed consistently in Fermanagh from 1779 through 1789. 1 • JOHN S. MCLEAN appeared in Fermanagh in 1780 and 1785 through 1789. 1 • ANTHONY II TRIMMER appeared consistently in Fermanagh Twp. 1778 through 1789, while 1 his brother PAUL TRIMMER was in Fermanagh 1779-1782, but appeared in Northumberland Co. in 1786 (Penn Twp.) and 1788 (Beaver Twp.).b

a These lists are discussed in more detail in the following sections on the individual families. Apparently lists were not made or published for 1783-1784. b 1 1 1 In 1787 and 1788; EPENETUS HART, ALEXANDER and Margaret (__?__) ARMSTRONG; and THOMAS 2 1 HOWARD, GEORGE ARMSTRONG and JOHN S. MCLEAN (the three men jointly) all acquired land in Beaver Twp., (then) Northumberland Co., as discussed later in this chapter.

Figure 6: Presence of Five Families in Cumberland Co., Penn. 1778-1782 As Recorded in State Rate and State Tax Lists 16

1778 1779 1780 1781 1782 1 ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG SR Fermanagh Fermanagh Fermanagh Fermanagh Fermanagh

2 ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG JR

2 JAMES ARMSTRONG Fermanagh Fermanagh Fermanagh Fermanagh Fermanagh

2 GEORGE ARMSTRONG Fermanagh Fermanagh

1 ROBERT ARMSTRONG Greenwood Greenwood

1 Millford & Millford & EPENETUS HART Millford Millford Fermanagh Fermanagh Fermanagh

1 THOMAS HOWARD Fermanagh Fermanagh Fermanagh Fermanagh

1 JOHN S. MCLEAN Fermanagh

1 ANTHONY II TRIMMER Fermanagh Fermanagh Fermanagh Fermanagh Fermanagh

1 PAUL TRIMMER Fermanagh Fermanagh Fermanagh Fermanagh

Figure 7: Presence of Five Families in Cumberland and Northumberland Counties, Penn. 1775-1789 As Recorded in State Rate and State Tax Lists a 17

1785 1786 1787 1788 1789 Supply Tax Supply Tax Supply Tax Supply Tax Supply Tax

1 ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG SR F F F F F F F F F F

2 ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG JR F F F F F 2 JAMES ARMSTRONG F F F F F F F F F F 2 GEORGE ARMSTRONG 1 ROBERT ARMSTRONG 1 EPENETUS HART F F F F F F F F F F 1 THOMAS HOWARD F F F F F F F F F F 1 JOHN S. MCLEAN F F F F F F F F F 1 ANTHONY II TRIMMER F F F F F F F F F F 1 PAUL TRIMMER P B B-Beaver Twp., Northumberland Co. P-Penn Twp., Northumberland Co. F-Fermanagh Twp.

Based on the state tax and supply rate lists, in 1787 Fermanagh Twp. had in that year between 252 and 259 households.b That ten households of these five families resided in such a small community for the better part of 11 or 12 consecutive years is strong evidence that they were acquainted.

a Only one Alexander Armstrong (a Freeman) appears in the 1778 and 1779 lists. This is assumed to be 1 ALEXANDER , as discussed in the Armstrong family chapter, below. b The Supply Rate listing shows 214 landed taxpayers and 38 Freemen, for a total of 252 households. The State Tax list shows 215 landed tax payers, plus 44 Freemen for a total of 259 households.

However, the greatest proof of bonds between the families lies is that while in Penn., the families intermarried, establishing a brother-in-law or son-in-law relationship between every one of five male heads of family. These first and second generation family ties are shown in Figure 8. Figure 8: Marriage Relationships between the Five Families

Another indication of the families’ bonds is that men from all these families served with men from the other families between 1776 and 1782 in various Revolutionary War units of the Cumberland County Militia. Figure 9, below, captures the evidence of which men served together in the same unit (mostly in the Cumberland Co. Militia), and approximately when they served. More detail on their Revolutionary War service is given in each family’s section, below.a Some important observations are:

1 b • There is some evidence of service by ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG in 1780, but there is proof 2 2 1 18 that two of his sons, JAMES and GEORGE (Alexander ) did serve. However, there is no service 2 1 record for his son ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG (Alexander ) who was probably too young. 1 • EPENETUS HART apparently served at one time or another, in at least one of the units, with all 1 of the men except ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG. 1 • THOMAS HOWARD served on several occasions from 1777-1783, serving in 1782 in the same 1 1 unit with EPENETUS HART and ANTHONY II TRIMMER. 1 • JOHN S. MCLEAN seems to have served both in regular army units of the Penn. Line, and 2 2 served in Cumberland Co. militia units, as well, with JAMES and GEORGE ARMSTRONG

a A good overview of the Pennsylvania Militia is given by Verenna, Thomas, “Explaining Pennsylvania’s Militia.” Journal of the American Revolution. (June 17, 2014) Annual Volume 2015 . Image copy. https://allthingsliberty.com/2014/06/explaining-pennsylvanias-militia/ : accessed 6 April 2016. b There is an Alexander Armstrong listed among the list of Revolutionary War veterans receiving depreciation pay and the list of “Soldiers of the Revolutionary War, but without dates of service or indication of units. The Alexander Armstrongs for whom records show serving in other Cumberland Co. Militia units are in units with none of the other men from the five families and are in units formed principally from more distant townships.

1 1 1 1 (Alexander ), EPENETUS HART and PAUL TRIMMER (but not his brother ANTHONY TRIMMER). 1 • ANTHONY II TRIMMER doesn’t seem to have served until 1782. In that year he served in units 1 1 with THOMAS HOWARD and EPENETUS HART. Figure 9: Revolutionary War Units Listing Men from the ARMSTRONG, HART, HOWARD, McLEAN and TRIMMER Families, 1776-1783a 19

1776 1777 1778 1779 1780 1781 1782 1783 DP SRW RF Alexander1 ARMSTRONG 19 38 39,40 XXX Robert1 ARMSTRONG XX George2 ARMSTRONG 7 7 10,14 15 17,18 20 27 X James2 ARMSTRONG 6 10,12,13 17,18 33 33 33 XXX Epenetus1 HART 6 12,13 18 26,30 XX Thomas1 HOWARD 8,9 16 23 24,26,30 25,31,32 XX John S.1 McLEAN 1 1,2,3,4,5 1,11 10,14 17,18 21,22 28,29 XX Anthony1 TRIMMER 24,26,30 XX 1 Paul TRIMMER 17,18 34 XX

The numbers in this table refer to the units identified in the following key. The highlighted numbers identify units in which two or more men served together. Key to Units in Figure 9 b

Pennsylvania State Line 1 2nd Battalion, Pennsylvania Rifle Regiment, Col. Samuel Miles, Capt. John Murray's Co., 1776-8 Columbia County Militia Units 2 1st Battalion, Capt. Thomas Askey's Co., July 31, 1777 [Fannett Twp.] c 3 1st Battalion, Capt. Noah Abraham's Co., Sept. 26, 1777, Oct. 2, 1777, Oct. 23, 1777 [Fannett Twp.] 4 1st Battalion, Capt. Thomas Askey's Co., Oct. 23, 1777 [Fannett Twp.] 5 7th Battalion, 3rd Class, Capt. William Sanderson's Co., Oct. 1777 [Middleton Twp.]

a More specific citations are given in the sections on the individual families. The names “John McLean”, “John McClane”, “John McLain”, and “John McLane” appear in multiple units in the 1776-1778 period and it may be that 1 these records are for more than one person. JOHN S. ’s service in the Penn. Rifle Regiment 1776-1778 (Unit #1) is supported by his 1832 pension application McLean [1832] and related materials. There are no unit service records 1 for ROBERT ARMSTRONG, but there is other evidence that he may have served. See Figure 11. b Information about units in the original sources is often incomplete regarding unit numbers and dates of service. Specific source citations are provided in the discussion of military service in each family chapter, below. Names are recorded here as in the original source. c The townships providing men for each Cumberland Co. militia unit are drawn from the Pennsylvania Historical & Museum Commission website at http://www.phmc.pa.gov/Archives/Research- Online/Pages/Revolutionary-War-Militia-Cumberland.aspx#.Vsy47pwrKUl. The site further states: “The geographical boundaries for each district were drawn so as to raise between 440 to 680 men fit for active duty as determined by information contained in the local tax rolls.” See http://www.phmc.pa.gov/Archives/Research- Online/Pages/Revolutionary-War-Militia-Overview.aspx#.Vsy_P5wrKUl.

6 Capt. John Hamilton's Co., Roll of 5th Class Militia, Cumberland County, Oct. 1777 [Fermanagh Twp.] 7 4th Battalion, Capt. James Gibson's Co., Jan. 1777 (G Armstrong enlisted 1776) [Unknown Twp.] 8 4th Battalion, 7th Class, Capt. James McConal's Co., March 1778 [Lack Twp.] 9 6th Battalion, 3rd Class, Capt. Samuel Patten's Co., July 1778 [Hamilton Twp.] 10 Capt. James Horrell's Co., 1778 [Milford Twp.] 11 1st Battalion, 6th Co., 6th Class, Capt. John Campbell's Co., January 5, 1778 [Lurgan Twp.] 12 Capt. John Hamilton's Co., 2 mos & 2 days, 20 Jan - 30 March 1778 [Fermanagh Twp.] 13 4th Battalion, Fifth Class, Capt. John Hamilton's Co., Jan. 1778 [Fermanagh Twp.] 14 Gen. Lacy's Brigade, Col. Smith's Regiment, Capt. Matier a [poss. Greenwood Twp.] 15 4th Battalion, Capt. James Gibson's Co., Jan. 1779 [Unknown Twp.] 16 4th Battalion, 3rd Co., 3rd Class, Capt. Joseph Culbertson's Co., Aug. 1780 [Letterkenny Twp.] 17 7th Battalion, 1st Co., 5th Class, Maj. John Elliot Reg., Capt. Hurl’s Co., Aug. 1780 [Milford Twp.] b 18 7th Battalion, 1st Co., Col. Purdy, Capt. Hugh McAlister's Co., 1 May 1780 [Fermanagh Twp.] 19 5th Battalion, 8th Co., 7th Class (no officers named) 1 Aug. 1780 [Derry Twp.] 20 Capt. John Horrell's Co. (Hurls?), April 14-June 14, 1781 [Unknown Twp.] 21 4th Battalion, Capt. Patrick Jack's Co., July 1, 1781 [Hamilton Twp.] 22 4th Battalion, 6th Co., Capt. Patrick Jack's Co., Aug. 1, 1781 [Hamilton Twp.] 23 4th Battalion, 3rd Co., Capt. Joseph Culbertson’s Co., July 1, 1781 [Letterkenny Twp.] 24 7th Battalion, 1st Co., 2nd Class 12 March 1782 (company commander not identified) [Milford Twp.] 25 Capt. Robert Samuel's Payroll, April - June, 1782 (unit not identified) [Derry Twp.] 26 Capt. David Boal's Payroll, June 22 - August 29, 1782 (unit not identified) [Greenwood Twp.] 27 Capt. John Horrell's Co., 1782 (unit not identified) [Unknown Twp.] 28 4th Battalion, Capt. Patrick Jack's Co., Oct. 24, 1782 [Hamilton Twp.] 29 6th Battalion, Capt. Alexander Peebles' Co., June 13, 1777, Aug. 17, 1781, and July 27, 1782 [Hopewell Twp.] 30 7th Battalion, 2nd Class, Col. James Purdy, Capt. Hugh McAlister's Co., August 24, 1782 [Fermanagh Twp.] 31 7th Battalion, 2nd & 3rd Classes, 12 March 1782 (company commander not identified) [Unknown Twp.] 32 8th Battalion 2nd & 3rd Classes, Capt. Robert Samuels’ Co., 27 Feb. 1783 [Derry Twp.] 33 8th Battalion, Col. Alexander Brown, Capt. Robert Samuels’ Co., 1781-1782-1783 [Derry Twp.] 34 7th Battalion, 6th Co., Lt. Col. James Purdy, Capt. Daniel McClelan'sc Co. Sept. 1-Nov 2, 1780 [Milford Twp.]

a There was a militia company in the 7th Battalion formed of men principally from Greenwood Twp. and commanded by a Capt. Philip Mathews. It is possible “Capt. Matier” may be a miss-transcription of “Mathews”. b The company commander was John Horrell, which was transcribed in error as “Hurl”. c Capt. Daniel McClelland.

38 2nd Battalion, Col. Thos. Gibson,a Capt. James Douglas's Co., 4th Class, 12 June 1780 [Middleton Twp.] 39 2nd Battalion, Col. Thos. Gibson, 3rd Co., Capt. James Douglas's Co., 4th Class, 8 Sept 1781 [Middleton Twp.] 40 2nd Battalion, Capt. Jas McFarlne'sb Co., 8 Sept. 1781 (West Pennsborough Twp.] 41 5th Battalion, 8th Co., 7th Class, Capt. John Nelson, Private (no date) [Toboyne Twp.]

Five of the total of ten units in which two or more men from the five families served appear to have been formed by men principally from Fermanagh Twp. The other five of the units were composed principally of men from the neighboring townships of Greenwood and Milford, but other evidence exists confirming that the members of the five families in these units were in fact living in Fermanagh at the time of service.c The other service records for units formed of men principally from other townships are less likely to have been for men from the five families (though this is not proof).

Figure 10: Records Showing Revolutionary War Service of Two or More Men from the Five Families and the Units’ Townships of Origin

Service Record Unit Twp. # Men Serving Unit (from Key) of Origin

2 JAMES ARMSTRONG 1 6 – Oct. 1777 1 Capt. John Hamilton’s Co. Fermanagh EPENETUS HART 2 GEORGE ARMSTRONG 2 2 10 – 1778 JAMES ARMSTRONG Capt. James Horrell's Co. Milford 1 JOHN S. MCLEAN 2 JAMES ARMSTRONG 3 12 – 30 March 1778 1 Capt. John Hamilton’s Co. Fermanagh EPENETUS HART 2 JAMES ARMSTRONG 4 13 – January 1778 1 Capt. John Hamilton’s Co. Fermanagh EPENETUS HART 2 GEORGE ARMSTRONG Capt. Matier’s Co. poss. 5 14 – 1778 1 JOHN S. MCLEAN (Matthews?) Greenwood 2 GEORGE ARMSTRONG 2 6 17 – May 1780 JAMES ARMSTRONG Capt. Hurl’s (Howell’s) Co. Milford 1 JOHN S. MCLEAN 2 GEORGE ARMSTRONG 2 JAMES ARMSTRONG 7 18 – August 1780 1 Capt. Hugh McAlister's Co. Fermanagh EPENETUS HART 1 ANTHONY II TRIMMER

a Lt. Col. Thomas Gisson. b Capt. James McFarlane. c This evidence is presented for specific individuals in the individual family chapters, below.

1 THOMAS HOWARD th st 8 24 – 12 March 1782 1 (7 Battalion, 1 Co.) Milford ANTHONY II TRIMMER 1 EPENETUS HART 26 – 22 June – 29 1 9 THOMAS HOWARD Capt. David Boal’s Co. Greenwood Aug 1782 1 ANTHONY II TRIMMER 1 EPENETUS HART 1 10 30 – 24 Aug. 1782 THOMAS HOWARD Capt. Hugh McAlister's Co. Fermanagh 1 ANTHONY II TRIMMER

In addition to the various muster and payroll lists, there is other evidence of the Revolutionary War service of these men. Compiled lists of men serving as “Rangers of the Frontiers” and “Soldiers of the Revolutionary War” were published. In addition to these lists, in 1781, men who had served during the years 1777-1780 when the Continental currency was rapidly depreciating and were still serving were issued Depreciation Pay Certificates (interest bearing and negotiable, like bonds) to compensate them for the loss in value of their accrued pay.20 Figure 11: Other Revolutionary War Service Records of Men from the ARMSTRONG, HART, HOWARD, McLEAN and TRIMMER Families, 1776-1783

Received “Soldier of the “Ranger of Individual Depreciation Revolutionary the Pay21 War”22 Frontiers”23 1 ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG SR X X X

1 ROBERT ARMSTRONG X X Not listed

2 GEORGE ARMSTRONG Not listed X Not listed

2 JAMES ARMSTRONG X X X

1 EPENETUS HART X Not listed X

1 THOMAS HOWARD X X Not listed

1 JOHN S. MCLEAN X X Not listed

1 ANTHONY II TRIMMER X X Not listed

In some cases, there seem to be records of overlapping dates of service in different units by men of the same name: probably the result of records for two different men with the same name. However, these records are included here to be as inclusive as possible for the moment. For example, there are multiple records of Cumberland Co. militia service for a John S. McLean/McLain/McClane/McLane during the 1 same two year period 1776-1778 when JOHN S. MCLEAN in confirmed to have served in a regular line unit.24 The number of militia and regular army soldiers who died of disease and wounds during the early years of the war seems quite high – at least as measured by the notations “killed” or “died” in the unit records. It is 1 rather notable that for all of their years of service, all of these men (including ROBERT ARMSTRONG) survived their war service.

The 1779 Sullivan Expedition and the Five Families In 1779, an expedition led by Maj. General John Sullivan, was charged with subduing the Loyalists and Iroquois Confederacy who were siding with the British at the time. The Iroquois were farmers and when Sullivan’s troops marched into the Finger Lakes area the American troops would have seen cleared farm land planted in corn, a sight very familiar to most of Sullivan’s troops. According to Rodney Lightfoote [1989:11]: 25 “By 1790, a number of families from Pennsylvania began to arrive. Several of the Pennsylvanians had been soldiers in Sullivan’s army and had seen how good the soils were in the Seneca area.” a 26 1 1 Turner mentions THOMAS HOWARD, EPENETUS HART and “_____ ARMSTRONG” as pioneers of “the Town of Seneca which embraces the village of Seneca."b Turner also indicates that “Those whose names have been given, were nearly all in the country before 1795…”27 An effort to analyze Lightfoote’s theory of settlement by Sullivan’s veterans with respect to the five families found that it is unlikely that any of the members of the five families (certainly not the family heads) were on the Sullivan Expedition. Roughly 1,100 Penn. troops took partc and a large part of the army martialed in Cumberland Co. at the beginning of the campaign. The most complete listing28 of the troops that took part in the expedition does not list any of the adult males of these five families and yielded only a few men with the same surnames (possible relatives of the families). None of the known units in which the men of the five families served (see Figure 9, above) are listed in the rosters of Sullivan’s brigades. Furthermore, a search of the officers commanding the various militia and Penn. line units in which they served also failed to identify any who took part in Sullivan’s 2 expedition. In fact, the only record found of a member of the five families serving in 1779 is for GEORGE ARMSTRONG (Alexander1); none of the others are recorded as serving in that year. There was a Sgt. Allan MCLANE/MCLEAN in the 7th company (Capt. A. G. Claypoole commanding) 1 of the 11th Penn. Regiment, but there is no evidence that he was related to JOHN S. MCLEAN or indeed 1 1 of JOHN S. having emigrated to the Colonies with any relative. JOHN S. MCLEAN’s own Revolutionary War pension application file29 recites his own history of military service and it does not mention any service in the 1779 expedition. In addition to the one McLane/McLean soldier, three men named ARMSTRONG served in units in the Third Brigade along with the Penn. troops, but the origin of these men is not clear and they were probably not from Penn. A Private Amos Armstrong served in the Wyoming Company (p. 103). A Sgt. “Jon.” Armstrong served in Morgan’s Riflemen (p. 100). A Private John Armstrong served in Lt. Col. Ludwick Weltner’s Company in the German Regiment (p. 90). The Revolutionary War pension application made by George2 ARMSTRONG30 in 1832 does not list any service with Sullivan’s expedition. Thus, it seems reasonable to conclude that none of the five families were induced to migrate to the Finger Lakes region as a result of having participated in Sullivan’s expedition. One can’t rule out, however, that they might have been influenced by neighbors’ experience in the expedition. The lack of clearly identifiable members of the five families among the members of Sullivan’s 1779 Expedition Listed in Wright [1943] doesn’t contradict Lightfoote’s assertion.

a The Town of Seneca discussed by Lightfoote [1989] is in southeastern Ontario Co. today, now west of the City of Geneva and only a few miles from the locations where the five families settled. b The township of Seneca incorporated the village of Geneva at this time, and a separate Town of Geneva was not separated from Seneca until Oct. 11, 1872. c The Pennsylvania units seem to be the 4th Pennsylvania Regiment (infantry), the 11th Pennsylvania Regiment (infantry), four Pennsylvania companies in the German Battalion, and the 4th Pennsylvania Artillery.

Lightfoote [1989:13] lists the names of eighteen early Seneca settlers from Penn. This list does not contain any of the five families, but it could be compared against the Wright roster of Penn. troops to find other possible veterans of Sullivan’s Expedition who settled there.a Research remains to be done to try identify other early local settlers among the troops. One could start with the earliest lists of Seneca settlers (1800 U. S. census, other early historians, etc.) and compare those with the Penn. troops in Wright [1943]. The veterans of Sullivan’s Expedition identified by Lightfoote may have been from states other than Penn.b who were attracted to eventually settle in the Seneca area.

By 1790, the five families were all living in Fermanagh Twp.. If proximity on the pages of the 1790 census enumeration implies physical proximity, then most of the five families lived very close together in 1790: three families are contiguous and a fourth is only a few lines away on the same page (see Figure 5, above). In 1777 and 1778, while still living in Fermanagh Twp., each of the five families bought land in the Beaver Dam Twp. area of (then) Northumberland Co. These transactions are evidenced by three warrants:

1 31 1. EPENETUS HART – 200 acres warranted on 6 Nov. 1787: “Whereas Epenetus Hart of the Couth of --- has requested to take up two hundred acres of land, including an improvement in Middle Creek Valley in the forks of Middle Creek bounded on the North branch of said Creek over the Black Oak ridge to a barren ridge on the Said of said Black Oak ridge in the County of Northumberland...”

2 c 32 2. ALEXANDER and “Margaret” ARMSTRONG – 200 acres warranted on 14 Jan. 1788: “Whereas Alexr Armstrong & Margaret Armstrong have requested to take up two hundred acres of land, including an improvement in Middle Creek Valley adjoining land of Epenetus Hart on the West in Beaver Dam Twp. in the County of Northumberland…”

1 1 2 1 3. THOMAS HOWARD, JOHN S. MCLEAN, and GEORGE ARMSTRONG (Alexander ), as co- owners – 300 acres warranted on 17 Jan. 1788:33 “Whereas Thos. Howard, John McLean, and George Armstrong of the county of ___ have requested to take up three hundred acres of Land including an improvement in the forks of Middle Creek on the south side of Black Oak ridge beginning on the top of said ridge and joining Epenetus Hart's land on the West in the County of Northumberland” Fermanagh lay almost on the border of Northumberland Co. prior to that county’s subdivision in 1813. The area where they acquired the land is referred to variously in the warrants and survey documents as Beaver Dam Twp., Plymouth Twp., Middle Creek Valley, and Black Oak Ridge. This area is today located in Snyder County, just to the east of Mifflin Co. An expert on land records in present day Snyder Co. provided a modern map of the area highlighting the geographical features referred to in the three patents, as shown in Figure 12, below.

a It seems an odd oversight that Lightfoote didn’t cite the fifty five people listed as of “Pioneers” in the settlement of Seneca by Turner [1851, p.O-517]. b Wright [1943] shows that the men on Sullivan’s Expedition were widely drawn, from Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania. c This warrant if recorded in the warrant register as “Alexander & Margaret Anthony” instead of “Alexander & Margaret Armstrong”, but the original warrant text actually states “Alexander Armstrong & Margaret Armstrong”.

Figure 12: Map of a Portion of Snyder Co., Penn. Highlighting Geographical Features Cited 1 and Approximate Location of the 1787 and 1788 Patents of 1) EPENETUS HART; 2) 1 2 ALEXANDER and Margaret ARMSTRONG; and 3) GEORGE ARMSTRONG, JOHN 1 1 34 S. MCCLAIN [sic], and THOMAS HOWARD.

It’s not known why each family obtained this land. The evidence is that they all remained living in Fermanagh during and after this time. Perhaps they bought it as an investment. Ellis & Hungerford [1886:838] hypothesized that when Epenetus Hart disappeared from the records of Fermanagh Twp. in 1791, “…he probably moved to his lands in Beaver Dam Twp..”a There is no evidence of the other 1 b families having actually moved there except for PAUL TRIMMER. The approximate location of the Snyder Co. lands is about 25-30 miles by today’s roads from Fermanagh Twp. The relative locations pf Fermanagh and Beaver Dam townships are shown in Figure 12.

a In fact, there evidence of Epenetus in Fermanagh as late as mid-1793. See CarlGaz, Carlisle, Penn., July 25, 1 1793. This is a notice in which EPENETUS HART of Fermanagh Twp. offered a reward for lost/stolen horse. b 1 PAUL TRIMMER was listed in Beaver Twp. (then) Northumberland Co. in the 1788 state tax list.

Figure 13: Map Showing Relative Locations of Fermanagh Twp., (now) Juniata, Co. and Beaver Dam Twp., (now) Snyder Co., Penn.35

The last documented dates and locations for when and where each of the five families are last found in Penn. are shown in Figure 14, below. Figure 14: Last Recorded Dates and Locations of the Five Families in Penn.

Year Township County

1 a 36 b ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG SR 1 May 1795 Fermanagh (then) Mifflin 2 c 37 ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG JR 22 Aug 1795 Nottingham Washington 2 d 38 e JAMES ARMSTRONG 24 Mar 1794 Hanes or Potter (then) Mifflin 2 f 39 GEORGE ARMSTRONG ca 1794/5 ? ?

a ALEXANDER1 ARMSTRONG “Senior” of Fermanagh Twp. and his wife “Elizabeth E.” signed a deed as grantors on 1 May 1795. b Fermanagh is in the section of (then) Mifflin Co. that was split off as part of the new Juniata Co. in 1831. c ALEXANDER2 ARMSTRONG “Junior” of Fermanagh Twp. and his wife “Mary” signed a deed as grantors on 22 ALEXANDER1 Aug 1795 for a tract land in Fermanagh Twp. on which ARMSTRONG “Senior” lived. Unfortunately, a search of censuses, tax and supply rate lists uncovered no “Alexander Armstrong” living in Washington Co. during the period 1790-1800. d There are three possible James's listed in Mifflin Co., Pennsylvania in 1790. See 1790Mifflin, pp. 131, 136, and 139. e These townships are now located in Center Co., bordering today’s Mifflin and Union counties. f G 2 The 1850, 1860 and 1870 censuses indicate EORGE ARMSTRONG’s daughter Sarah was born ca 1794/1795 and that her birthplace was in Penn.

1 40 EPENETUS HART 25 July 1793 Fermanagh (then) Mifflin 1 a 41 THOMAS HOWARD 29 May 1794 Fermanagh (then) Mifflin 1 b 42 JOHN S. MCLEAN 17 May 1795 ? Mifflin 1 c 43 ANTHONY II TRIMMER 1792 ? ? 1 44 PAUL TRIMMER 1790 Northumberland

B. The Five Families in New York

The Armstrong, Hart, Howard, McLean and Trimmer families moved to New York sometime between 1793 and 1796. The decision to migrate was probably motivated by the same desire for new land that had driven the expansion of the American frontier just prior to and following the Revolution. In discussing this expansion and those who carried it out, Van Every wrote: “Their like had never been seen before nor has ever been since. They were as distinct from their fellow Americans as they were from the alien enemies with whom they were confronted.”45 There is no evidence of how most of the families moved, or more importantly, why they moved. Their marriage ties, shared military service, years as neighbors, and possibly other bonds were apparently sufficient to guide their eventual decisions to migrate to N.Y., possibly moving together or very close after each other. Referring back to Figure 8, above, it’s possible to understand that marriage ties might explain why the families had all been persuaded to move around the same time to the same place. 2 2 2 1 ALEXANDER , GEORGE , and JAMES ARMSTRONG were brothers-in-law with EPENETUS HART and 1 1 JOHN S. MCLEAN. The three Armstrong brothers were also possibly nephews of THOMAS and 1 1 1 ELIZABETH (ARMSTRONG) HOWARD. THOMAS HOWARD and ANTHONY II TRIMMER were 1 1 also brothers-in-law, while ANTHONY II TRIMMER and EPENETUS HART were so close that 1 3 ANTHONY II named one of his sons born in Fermanagh (in 1792) Epenetus Hart Trimmer.

a “On May 29, 1794 Thomas and Elizabeth A. Howard sold two tracts of land in Fermanagh Twp. to Edward Howard…” b 1 2 JOHN S. MCLEAN’s daughter, SARAH was born on 17 May 1795, the year before the family left Penn. c 1 The 1855 N.Y. state census enumeration shows Pennsylvania as the place of birth of ANTHONY II 's son, 2 EPENETUS HART TRIMMER. He was born in April or May1792.

Figure 15: The Counties of New York in 179946

Ontario County Seneca Susquehanna Lake River

One common route of migration from Central Penn. into the Finger Lakes area of N.Y. followed the Susquehanna River northward into Tioga Co., N.Y., then directly north (overland) to Seneca Lake, and finally again by boat or barge up Seneca Lake to the Town of Geneva. Fermanagh is in a part of Cumberland Co. that became Mifflin Co. in 1789 and Juniata Co. in 1831.a 47 The western boundary of the township is the Juniata River which flows southward to join the Susquehanna and is navigable to barges and small boats.b The Susquehanna River Valley was an historically important migration path northward to the area of central N.Y. (the Finger Lakes region). The Susquehanna River and its valley were important pathways for migration from the East Coast to the interior of Penn. and northward, up the river toward N.Y., throughout the 18th century. A letter48 written 1 in 1917 by one of the descendants of JOHN S. MCLEAN documents the family’s move by boat from Penn. to Geneva, Ontario Co., N.Y.: “In 1796 himself & family went by boat to Geneva, Yates Co.[sic], N.Y. and remained one winter; in the Spring of 1797 moved to Milo Center N.Y.” Given the rigors of travel at the end of the eighteenth century, the logistics involved in moving a household up the Susquehanna valley, and the numerous ties between the families, it is not unreasonable to assume that at least some of the families migrated from Penn. to N.Y. together. The letter describing

a Cumberland Co. was itself formed from Lancaster Co. in 1750. b Jordan wrote: “By the act of March 9, 1771, the Juniata was declared a public highway as far as Bedford and Frankstown.” Both towns are upstream from Mifflin and Juniata counties.

John McLean’s 1796 move by boat is silent on the other families; though the McLEAN family may have been the last the last to make the migration. Figure 16: Early 18th Century Flatboat on Susquehanna River 49

While families may have traveled most comfortably by boat or barge up the river, livestock and wagon loads of household goods may have been driven overland. Beginning in 1792, Charles Williamson commissioned the construction of a road from Williamsport, (now) Lycoming Co., Penn., over the Alleghany Mountains, to Bath, (now) Steuben Co., N.Y. Williamson was the agent for the sale of the lands acquired as part of the Phelps and Gorham purchase. His goal was to facilitate the arrival of settlers from Penn. to purchase the land. The Williamson Road would have been a logical route for the families who chose to move overland. It was fully completed in the spring of 1795.50 The southern starting point of the road was at Williamsport, roughly one hundred miles overland, north from Fermanagh Twp. It was approximately another hundred miles from Williamsport to Bath, N.Y., the northern terminus of the road. From Bath to Geneva is an additional sixty miles overland (perhaps fifty five miles to Seneca. This would have made for a total trip of about two hundred sixty miles. Traveling overland with wagons at a steady pace of six to eight miles per day, this trip would have taken a total of about five to six weeks. These two likely routes of the five families are shown in Figure 18. Charles Williamson was an extraordinary promoter, with great visions for what the Genesee Country to become and a seemingly endless capacity for hard work to realize those visions. He was an early master of the use of newspapers to help spread the word of the opening of the Genesee Country and helped start newspapers in the area in the mid-1790s. In his own description of the Genesee Country,a Charles Williamson in 179951 wrote that the first leg of his road opened in Nov. 1792. Of the early travelers who followed soon in 1793, he wrote, “Many returned disgusted with the extreme inconvenience of travelling through a country, almost destitute of inhabitants, for the distance of one hundred and seventy miles, and particularly when they found the only settlement in that part of the country depending on the Indians for

a “Genesee County” generally referred to the entire north-south slice of land between Lake Erie on the north and the Penn. border on the south, and bordered on the east by what became the Old Pre-emption line on the western short of Lake Seneca and the Genesee River on the west.

20 subsistence … In the year 1794… the population of the older settlements was increasing with rapidity: on the most convenient mill-seats mills were building, and roads making to unite the different settlements…” According to Williamson, the 1790 U.S. census showed the total population of Ontario Co. to have been 960 “souls”.52 In an effort to attract attention to the settlement possibility in the Genesee Country, Williamson organized for Sept. 1793 an agricultural fair with horse races that was advertised as far away as Albany and Pennsylvania that was apparently quite successful in spreading the word and attracting settlers to the region.53 The entire Genesee Country was split in 1796, with Ontario Co. retaining the northern half and the southern half becoming Steuben Co. In 1796, the streets of Geneva were first laid out on the high ground on the west bank of Lake Seneca and a sloop of forty tons was built to serve as a packet between Geneva and Catharine’s Town about forty-four miles away at the head (southern end) of Lake Seneca, near present day Watkins Glen. Williamson wrote that “several thousand people,” including “natives of every state in the union and of every nation of Europe”, assembled for the launch of the sloop in 1796 or 1797, showing that the Geneva area had rapidly grown. The town of Hopeton was established that year, as well, sixteen miles south of Geneva where Crooked Lake emptied into Lake Seneca. Mills rapidly grew up in the area, milling flour for Albany and export to Canada.54 Williamson wrote: “The emigration that took place in the year 1797… not only exceeded former years, as to numbers, but also as to the respectability of emigrants: a very great proportion of the settlers were the most substantial farmers from Pennsylvania, Maryland, the Jerseys, and New England.”55 In describing the rapid opening of the Genesee Country to settlement and the improvement of roads, Williamson wrote in 1799, “I have known several persons above the age of sixty years of age, ride, with ease, in seven days, from Baltimore to Bath.” By the late 1790’s, the Susquehanna River route became a major transportation route to and from Baltimore, both for people and for agricultural produce from the Genesee Country. Helen Cowan has written: “During the winter of 1795, rows of oxen-pulled sleds stretched, so rumor had it, for miles along the snowy trails, across fords on the waterways, travelling to the Genesee country and beyond.”56 Figure 17: The Village of Bath, N.Y. in the Genesee Country - 179857

Figure 18: Map of Probable Migration Routes of the Five Families from the Fermanagh Area of Penn. to Ontario Co., N.Y. ca 1795-1798 58

Key Susquehanna River Route Williamson Road Approx. Overland Route When the members of these five families moved to N.Y. in what had been called Genesee Country not long before they left Penn. They settled in (then) Ontario Co. Much of the land in this area was part of the 1788 Phelps-Gorham Purchase and was put up for sale to new settlers in 1792.a The families’ original land transactions in N.Y. are covered in the separate chapter on each family, below.

a On 1 April 1787 Oliver Phelps and Nathaniel Gorham purchased the preemption rights to 6.25 million acres west of Seneca Lake between Lake Ontario and the Pennsylvania border from the Commonwealth of Massachusetts for $1,000,000. A group of investors led by Sir William Pulteney acquired the land and in early 1792 and sent Charles Williamson as their agent for the resale of the land. The Pulteney Purchase comprised all of the present counties of Ontario, Steuben and Yates, as well as portions of Allegany, Livingston, Monroe, Schuyler and Wayne counties. The Phelps-Gorham Purchase is covered and its role in the settlement of central N.Y. is covered quite well

The five families were clearly headed for the “Phelps and Gorham Purchase” in order to resettle in N.Y. Figure 19, below shows the key routes of access to the Phelps and Gorham Purchase area of N.Y. using the Susquehanna River or the Williamson Road for the five families when they left Fermanagh. The land had been surveyed and Charles Williamson, on behalf of the proprietors, began selling off lots in 1793. 1 The earliest record of the arrival of someone from the five families is on 22 Dec. 1794 when EPENETUS HART pledged a mortgage59 on 146 acres in (then) Seneca Township, Ontario Co., to this Charles Williamson.a In fact, he probably arrived late in 1793 or early 1794, though it is not known if he relocated his family with him then or brought them to N.Y. later. Figure 19: Map of New York and Pennsylvania Frontiers and Major Roads 1790-1812 60

The first documented dates and locations for each of the five families in N.Y. are shown in Figure 20, below. The families’ arrival in N.Y. was commented on by several early historians:

1 1 • In 1851, Orasmus Turner mentioned EPENETUS HART, THOMAS HOWARD and the ARMSTRONG family as “pioneers” in the settlement of the Seneca/Geneva area.61

in Henry, Marian S. New York Essays: Resources for the genealogist in New York State outside New York City, (Boston:NEHGS, 2007), pp. 161-171. Turner [1851] is a second useful source. a In the mortgage document, Epenetus is called "of Seneca, County of Ontario, state of New York," indicating that he was likely already a resident of Seneca by 22 December 1794. If he had been newly arrived, he might have been referred to as something like "of Pennsylvania".

• Stafford Canning Cleveland wrote in 1873:a "During the last year or two of the eighteenth century, there came a colony of settlers from Pennsylvania, who located in east Benton, some of 1 2 them in what is now Torrey. Among them was ANTHONY II TRIMMER. His wife was SARAH 1 HOWARD, a sister of THOMAS HOWARD. The Armstrongs, Harts, McLean’s Howards and Trimmers were all members of the same colony."62 Figure 20: Earliest Recorded Dates and Locations of the Five Families in Ontario Co., N.Y.

st 1800 U.S. 1 Date and Township b First Town Tax List Census 2 63 64 65 ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG JR bef 1800 Seneca Seneca 1800 Seneca 2 c 66 67 68 JAMES ARMSTRONG 1798 Jerusalem Seneca 1799 Jerusalem 70 2 69 Seneca 72 GEORGE ARMSTRONG 1796 unknown 71 1800 Seneca Jerusalem 1 73 74 EPENETUS HART ca 1793 Geneva (not listed) 1800 Seneca 1 75 76 77 THOMAS HOWARD 1794 Geneva Seneca 1800 Seneca

1 78 79 80 JOHN S. MCLEAN 1796 Geneva Jerusalem 1800 Jerusalem 1 d 81 82 83 ANTHONY II TRIMMER ca 1795 unknown Seneca 1800 Seneca

1 There is no evidence that ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG made this move, but it is clear that his five 1 84 children did move to N.Y. (see Figure 20, above. His brother, ROBERT had died before 21 Jan 1785. 1 1 His sister, ELIZABETH ARMSTRONG, also moved to N.Y. with her husband, THOMAS HOWARD. 1 1 1 ALEXANDER ’s other siblings, SARAH ARMSTRONG (married John Pauly/Pawley) and GEORGE ARMSTRONG (married with children), apparently remained in Penn. An early survey map drawn in 1798 by Henry Plum of Reed and Ryckman’s Locatione in what is today’s Torrey Twp. provides some of the earliest proof of both that the five families were in the area and that they continued settle closely together.f Detail of map is shown in Figure 21, with the locations of three of 1 the five families highlighted (Armstrong, Hart and McLean), as well as EPENETUS HART’s son-in-law,

a Formatting of the names was done by the present author. b The microfilm for at least page 500 of the 1800 U.S. census for Seneca has been transcribed incorrectly. The lines on the right page (older males and all females) seem to be shifted up one place so that information has been 2 recorded incorrectly on Ancestry.com and possibly other sources. In the cases of the households of GEORGE and 2 1 JAMES ARMSTRONG as well as ANTHONY II TRIMMER, all of whom are on this page, the transcription makes it appear that there are no older men in their households. Other pages may have been incorrectly transcribed as well. c 2 2 JAMES ARMSTRONG and GEORGE ARMSTRONG also appear in the 1800 tax assessment roll for the town 2 of Jerusalem as property owners, but ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG Jr does not. According to Fran Dumas, the Yates 2 Co. Historian, the Lot 55 on the Plum map shown as #1 in Figure 21 belonged to JAMES ARMSTRONG. d 1 2 The 1855 N.Y. State census for Benton Twp., Yates Co. indicates that ANTHONY II ’s son, ANTHONY III , had been living in (now) Yates Co. 60 years (i.e., since 1795). e Col. Seth Reed and Peter Ryckman, early residents of Kanadesaga, which became Geneva, in 1789 obtained a concession of land lying between the “Old Pre-emption Line which originally denoted the eastern boundary of the Phelps and Gorham Purcahse and the western shore of Seneca Lake. When the Pre-emption line was re-surveyed in 1792, it was determined that this land should revert to Charles Williamson. The land between the old and new preemption lines was called “the Gore”. See Aldrich [1893] for more historical detail. f The original map is in the files of the Yates County Public Historian in Penn Yan, N.Y.

John Griffin. This location would have been in Jerusalem Twp. in 1798; in Vernon Twp. when that area was split from Jerusalem in 1803; in Benton Twp. when Vernon was renamed in 1808; and then divided between Benton Twp. and Torrey Twp. when the latter was formed from portions of Benton and Milo townships in 1841. The land shown is on the northwest corner of the village of “Hopetown” (Hopeton), founded by Jemima Wilkinson’s followers ca 1790.a This is roughly 18 miles south of the Village of Geneva. Figure 21: Portion of Henry Plum’s 1798 “Survey of Reed & Ryckman’s Location” with Locations of Armstrong, Griffin, Hart, and Mclean Lots85

2 c b 1 – JAMES ARMSTRONG (Lot 55) 2 – John Griffin (Lot 4) 2 c 1 3 – ARMSTRONG HART (Lot 56- Leg & Hart) 4 – EPENETUS HART (Lot 25) 1 5 – JOHN S. MCLEAN (½ of Lot 13)

4 1 2

Location of lots on 1798 map S N

In subsequent years, additional members of the extended five families settled on land originally contained 1 in Plum’s 1798 survey. The later settlers included: THOMAS HOWARD acquiring portions of Lots #21 2 and 23 in 1810, and Richard Montgomery William (brother-in-law of John Griffin and ARMSTRONG HART) acquiring portions of Lots #21 and #23, also in 1810. It is easy to identify the location of Plum’s map of “Reed & Ryckman’s Location” and all of the related lots on a later map of Torrey Twp., as shown in Figure 22.

a One of the fascinating episodes in the early history of this are of today’s Yates Co. is that of Jemima Wilkinson (1753-1819), a charismatic preacher known as “The Universal Friend,” who led a band of followers up the Susquehanna River in 1790 and founded the town of Jerusalem, N.Y. The group had mostly disbanded by 1800. b 2 1 John Griffin was the husband of ELIZABETH “BETSEY” HART (EPENETUS ). c According to Fran Dumas, the Yates Co. Historian, the Lot 56 on the Plum map shown as #3 in Figure 21 2 2 belonged to ARMSTRONG HART.; and Lot 55 shown as #1 belonged to JAMES ARMSTRONG.

Figure 22: Location of Plum’s 1798 “Survey of Reed & Ryckman’s Location” in Torrey Twp. (of 1876) and Land Owners from the Five Families with Holdings 1798-181086

John Griffin (by 1798 – Lot #4)

2 JAMES ARMSTRONG (by 1798 – Lot # 55)

1 JOHN S. MCLEAN (by 1798 – Lot # 13)

1 THOMAS HOWARD (1810 – Lot #21)

Richard Montgomery Williams (1810 – Lot #23)

1 EPENETUS HART (by 1798 – Lot #25)

2 ARMSTRONG HART (by 1798 – Lot #56)

The 1800 U. S. census for Ontario Co. and the 1799-1804 tax assessment lists for local towns shed light on where the families first settled in N.Y. This evidence confirms that they remained linked following after their migration to the area from Penn. Early maps are quite important in helping to understand where the five families settled when they arrived in Ontario Co. Many early records for the families mention Seneca and Geneva. It is important to understand that Seneca Township was rather large and incorporated the village the emerged as Geneva beginning in 1796, but was not officially incorporated as a city until 1872. The changes in township boundaries also greatly influence the interpretation of places cites in various records in the 1793-1810 period. The discussion of the evolution of Benton Twp. during its early formation in 1802-1810 found earlier, is a good example.

1 2 Various records indicate that EPENETUS HART, his son-in-law John Griffin, JAMES ARMSTRONG, 1 and THOMAS HOWARD played roles in the development and administration of the Town of Seneca and the Village of Geneva. Aldrich mentions that one of the first meetings for the organization of Seneca was

1 87 held in 1793 at EPENETUS ’s home in Geneva. Seneca Town meeting records for the period 1796- 180088 mention several occasions when these men was appointed to various town positions, such as: Commissioner of Highways, Pound Master, Commissioner of Schools, Assessor, Fence Viewer, and Path Master. These records are discussed further in the separate family chapters, below. This seems to clearly tie at least these gentlemen to Seneca Twp., but 1798 at the time of Plum’s survey map all four of these men were located further south in what was to become Benton Twp. Three of them are shown on Plum’s 1 map and the fourth THOMAS HOWARD is shown on an undated drawing of the entire Gore executed sometime between 1798 and 1807. a Figure 23: 1829 Map of Seneca and Benton Townships Showing The Gore and Location of Plum’s Map

The Gore

New Pre-Emption Seneca Twp. Line 1792

Old Pre-Emption Line 1789

Ryckman’s “Location”

Benton Twp.

Area of Plum’s Map 1798

An 1829 map of Ontario and Yates County shows the location of Ryckman’s original concession, which extended along the western shore of Seneca Lake and the size of Seneca and Benton townships in the early years. There is mention of a James Armstrong assisting in the re-surveying of the Pre-emption lines in Nov.- 89 2 1 Dec. 1792, but was too early to have been the JAMES ARMSTRONG (Alexander ), unless 2 JAMES preceded the other families northward from Fermanagh Twp. There is also a James Armstrong

a According to the Yates co. Public Historian, the original map is in the files of the Yates County Public Historian in Penn Yan, N.Y., but it was not available for analysis for this study.

90 2 listed in the 1799 tax assessment list for the town of Jerusalem, but it is uncertain if this is JAMES . The a 2 2 complete 1799 tax list has been lost for the town of Seneca where ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG, JAMES , 2 91 and GEORGE were all living in 1800 according to the 1800 U. S. census for that town. There is other 1 92 evidence (see Figure 20, above) that EPENETUS HART was in Seneca at least by 1794, so he would probably have been listed in the lost pages of the 1799 tax assessment list for Seneca.

2 2 JAMES ARMSTRONG and GEORGE ARMSTRONG also appear concurrently in the 1800 tax lists for both Jerusalem and Seneca, as property owners in both towns. This introduces the possibility that there were two different sets of men named James and George Armstrong. There is no evidence available so far that allows us to definitively decide this question. However, the 1800 U. S. census and the 1800 N.Y. tax assessment list show us all five of the families: 93 1 four of whom have settled in the town of Seneca in Ontario Co; while the fifth family, that of JOHN S. MCLEAN, appears in both the 1800 US Census94 and in the 1800 tax assessment list in Jerusalem Twp.95 The details of the various listings are covered below in the later family chapters, but to summarize, we find the following distribution of the five families: Figure 24: Presence of Five Families in Ontario Co., N.Y. in the 1799-1804 Tax Assessment Lists96

2 1799 Jerusalem JAMES ARMSTRONG

2 1800 Seneca ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG 2 JAMES ARMSTRONG 2 GEORGE ARMSTRONG 1 EPENETUS HART 1 THOMAS HOWARD 1 ANTHONY II TRIMMER 2 Jerusalem JAMES ARMSTRONG 2 GEORGE ARMSTRONG 1 JOHN S. MCLEAN

2 1801 Seneca ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG 2 JAMES ARMSTRONG 2 GEORGE ARMSTRONG 1 ANTHONY II TRIMMER 2 Jerusalem JAMES ARMSTRONG 2 GEORGE ARMSTRONG 1 EPENETUS HART 1 THOMAS HOWARD 1 JOHN S. MCLEAN

2 1802 Seneca ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG

a The microfilm created from the New York State Archives only contains two pages, listing taxpayers who haven’t paid. The remaining pages are missing. This was confirmed to the author by the Archives Reference Services of the N.Y. Archives (via email, July 29, 2015). Neither Ontario nor Yates counties retain these records in their county archives or in the local genealogical and historical societies (in Penn Yan, Canandaigua or Geneva).

2 JAMES ARMSTRONG 2 GEORGE ARMSTRONG 2 Jerusalem JAMES ARMSTRONG 2 GEORGE ARMSTRONG 1 THOMAS HOWARD 1 JOHN S. MCLEAN 1 ANTHONY II TRIMMER

2 1803 Seneca ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG 2 JAMES ARMSTRONG 2 GEORGE ARMSTRONG a 2 Vernon JAMES ARMSTRONG 2 GEORGE ARMSTRONG 1 THOMAS HOWARD 1 JOHN S. MCLEAN 1 ANTHONY II TRIMMER 1 PAUL TRIMMER

2 1804 Seneca ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG 2 JAMES ARMSTRONG 2 GEORGE ARMSTRONG 2 Vernon JAMES ARMSTRONG 2 GEORGE ARMSTRONG 2 ARMSTRONG HART 1 THOMAS HOWARD 1 JOHN S. MCLEAN 1 ANTHONY II TRIMMER 1 PAUL TRIMMER

2 2 2 It seems that by 1803 or 1804, the Armstrong family (ALEXANDER , JAMES and GEORGE ) lived in 2 2 Seneca as their primary residences and two sons (JAMES and GEORGE ) also owned plots of land in Vernon. This conclusion is based on the fact that the Seneca real estate listings cite “House and Farm” while the Vernon listings only specify lots (without specifying their use). From 1800 through 1804, the families appear together on a rather consistent basis, with the exception of 1 EPENETUS HART, who died in late 1801 or early 1802 appears only in 1801 in Jerusalem Twp. His son, 2 1 ARMSTRONG HART (Epenetus ) appears only once, in the 1804 census for the town of Vernon. Given that the families all ended up in what became Benton Twp. at least by 1803, they may have originally settled fairly near each other and never moved (because of the creation and renaming of what eventually became Benton Twp. in the period 1803-1808).

a The town of Vernon was formed in 1803 from part of Jerusalem Twp. and was renamed Benton in 1808. It is in present day Yates Co.

C. The Five Families Move Westward

Starting in the 1820s, members of all five these families began migrating westward, as shown in Figure 27, below. Other members of the families may have moved away from the Ontario and Yates Co. area of N.Y., as well, but records have not been found. With respect to migrations, of the five families we find:

2 1. Armstrong: Two of the three sons who settled in Benton Twp., (then) Ontario Co., GEORGE and 2 2 ALEXANDER JR , migrated to Ohio in the 1830s. Their brother JAMES apparently remained in Ontario Co. 1 2 2. Hart: EPENETUS HART had died in 1821-22 and Armstrong HART moved to Missouri ca 1822, leaving his four daughters and apparently all of his siblings in the Ontario Co. area. 1 3. Howard: THOMAS HOWARD and his four of his six living children and grandchildren apparently all moved from Benton Twp., (then) Ontario Co., N.Y. to Wood Co., Ohio in 1821. 2 His son, WILLIAM HOWARD, followed by 1830. 1 4. McLean: JOHN S. MCLEAN stayed in Benton Twp. and died there in 1841, but his son, 2 WILLIAM F. MCLEAN, moved to Indiana (Ind.) sometime between 1850 and 1855. Of his other 2 2 living siblings: JOHN ARMSTRONG remained in Yates Co.; GEORGE EDWIN moved to Erie Co., 2 Penn. with his family by 1848; and DEBORAH ARMSTRONG and her family eventually settled in Tioga Co., Penn. 1 5. Trimmer: ANTHONY II TRIMMER died in Yates Co., N.Y. in 1838, but his brother, PAUL 1 2 moved to western Penn ca 1805-09, and one of ANTHONY II ’s sons, ISAIAH F. TRIMMER, moved westward to Ohio sometime before 1840. This westward movement was typical of early nineteenth century frontier life. As farmland became available (through pacification or acquisitiona), families packed up and moved on once or even twice in the same generation seeking a more promising life. Mathews provides an interesting discussion of the expansion of New England which covers both the settlement of central New York, as well as the subsequent westward movement such as was undertaken by members of the five families.97 Michigan was a common destination for New York migrants. A 1986 study98 by Rose of 15 counties in south central Michigan looked at the origins of the early settlers of those counties (including Washtenaw 2 1 99 Co. where GEORGE ARMSTRONG (Alexander ) settled). Rose found that in the 1850 federal census, 52% or more of the early settlers in 14 of the 15 counties studied reported being born in New York. Furthermore, in analyzing early General Land Office records for those counties, Rose found that over one third of the purchasers reported their previous residences as the five New York counties around Rochester, N.Y. (including Ontario and Yates counties). One can imagine a kind of “fever” appearing in N.Y. as word spread of the availability of new lands in places like Michigan and Ohio whipping up interest in migration. The completion of the Erie Canal in 1825 connecting Albany to Buffalo on Lake Erie accelerated the movement of early New York settlers westward to the shores of Ohio, Michigan, and beyond. This water 2 1 1 route may well have been that followed by GEORGE ARMSTRONG (Alexander ) and THOMAS 2 HOWARD (and later by his son, WILLIAM ) when they moved their families to Sandusky and Wood counties, Ohio, respectively. As explained below, many of the families moving westward, particularly to

a 2 One case was that of early Spanish land grants from 1790 to 1803 in Missouri where ARMSTRONG HART (Epenetus1) eventually settled ca 1822.

Ohio and Mich. may have taken a steamer up Lake Erie from Buffalo, as the Howard family did. Figure 25, below, is an engraving of the first steam vessel that operated on Lake Erie, starting in 1818. Figure 25: Lake Erie Steamboat Walk-in-the-Water 1818-1821100

Buffalo became a key transportation hub for movement west. Figure 26, below, is a drawing show the nascent harbor in Buffalo in 1825, much as the Howard and other families would have found it. Figure 26: Buffalo, N.Y. Harbor 1825101

2 When WILLIAM HOWARD followed his father and siblings to Ohio several years after their move in 1821/22, he apparently built a boat on Lake Seneca, then brought it through the Erie Canal and west the up Lake Erie to reach western Ohio where his father had settled.102 Figure 27 is a map showing the destinations of the men and families migrating from the Benton area and the major transportation routes that had evolved by 1840. By looking at the destinations, it is possible to speculate as to the routes that might have been followed. Looking at them chronologically:

1 1803-1809: PAUL TRIMMER – Washington Co., Penn. Travel from Benton Twp. to Washington Co. was possible overland, across N.Y. and to Erie, Penn. and then south to Pittsburgh.

1 1821: THOMAS HOWARD - Grand Rapids, Wood Co., Ohio. As discussed below, we know that the family traveled from Benton to Buffalo (probably overland) and then sailed by boat on Lake Erie from Buffalo to Wood Co. The livestock was driven overland, probably along the shores of Lake Erie.

2 1822-1823: ARMSTRONG HART - Washington, Franklin Co., Mo., on the banks of the Missouri River. Nothing is known of his path of travel, but it is possible to speculate that at some point (Terre Haute, Ind.?, Springfield or Zanesville, Ohio?) he joined the National Road, which was built 1811-1838, and followed it to Vandalia, Alton and eventually Jefferson City. He may have traveled overland from Benton to Ind. or have taken a boat as far as western Ohio.

2 By 1830: WILLIAM HOWARD - Lucas Co., Ohio. As discussed earlier, he apparently sailed with his family all the way from Seneca Lake to Ohio.

2 2 After 1830: DAVID TRIMMER – Kent Co., Mich. There were several possible routes for DAVID and his family to travel from Benton Twp. to Kent Co. There was an overland route from Buffalo, N.Y. across Ohio along the southern shore of Lake Erie to the southern border of Mich. There was also a route from Niagara Falls, through Ontario, Canada, along the northern shore of Lake Erie to Detroit. One could also travel by boat from Buffalo up Lake Erie to Michigan.

2 2 1832-1834: GEORGE ARMSTRONG – Clyde, Sandusky co., Ohio. GEORGE and his family may have traveled by boat from Buffalo down Lake Erie to Sandusky or overland along the shore of the lake.

2 2 1832-1835: ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG – Lodi, Washtenaw Co., Mich. ALEXANDER probably also traveled with his family by boat down Lake Erie to land somewhere on its western shore.

2 2 Before 1840: ISAIAH F. TRIMMER – Pierpont Twp., Ashtabula Co., Ohio. ISAIAH F. and his family probably traveled by boat up Lake Erie from Buffalo, N.Y. to Pierpont or overland from Buffalo along the southern shore of Lake Erie. 1850-1855: William F.3 McLean – Rob Roy, Fountain Co., Ind. Fountain Co. lies along the major road the traveled southwest from Toledo, Ohio to Terra Haute, Ind. where it joined the National Road. William F.3 and his family probably traveled either by boat or overland from Benton to the area of Toledo and then overland along this road.

Figure 27: Map of Westward Migrations from Yates Co., N.Y. of the Armstrong, Hart, Howard, McLean and Trimmer Families 1820 to 1855 103

2 ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG 1832-1835 Lodi, Mich.

2 GEORGE ARMSTRONG 1835-1834 Clyde, Ohio

2 ARMSTRONG HART 1822-1823 Washington, Mo.

1 THOMAS HOWARD and 2 WILLIAM HOWARD Benton, N.Y. 1821 Grand Rapids, Ohio

2 WILLIAM MCLEAN 1850-1855 Rob Roy, Ind.

1 PAUL TRIMMER 1804-9 Washington Co., Penn. Isaiah F. 2 TRIMMER Bef 1840 Ashtabula Co., Ohio David2 TRIMMER Bef 1855 Kent Co., Mich.

Fermanagh, Penn.

An 1888 account104 by Dresden W. H. 3 Howard (Edward2, Thomas1) of his family’s move from Yates Co., N.Y. to (now) Wood Co., Ohio gives an excellent sense of the hardships that these early pioneers 2 1 faced and is probably somewhat similar to the experiences of ARMSTRONG HART (Epenetus ), 2 2 1 2 ALEXANDER and GEORGE ARMSTRONG (Alexander ) and WILLIAM MCLEAN, but fails to answer the question of why they left New York in the first place.

1 Figure 28: Description of the 1821 Migration of THOMAS HOWARD and Family from Yates Co., N.Y. to Sandusky Co., Ohio105

“Dresden W. H. Howard was born in Yates County, New York, November 3, 1817. He was a son of Edward, his grandfather being Thomas Howard. May 22, 1821, the grandfather, with his sons Edward, Robert A. and Richard, their wives and two children … left their pleasant homes on the banks of Seneca Lake, near Geneva, for the west. The grandfather rode on horseback, the families and small supplies of clothing and household goods being loaded into two two-horse covered wagons. In due time, over roads almost impassable, the party reached the then Village of Buffalo. Here, the grandfather, with the women and children, embarked on board a 30-ton Schooner … , commanded by Captain Anson Reed, for a long and perilous voyage to Fort Meigs, 14 miles above the mouth of the Maumee River. This destination was

reached at dusk, June 17th, after a trip of 26 days ... The scene of chief interest as they slowly passed up the stream, consisted of the white tents of Indians camped on the West bank ... They were actively engaged in racing and other sports peculiar to Indians: but upon discovering the little Vessel, they gave one wild (to the passengers, unearthly) yell, and ran down the bank, to get as near as possible to the craft. While the boy was deeply interested in the scene, the women were crouched in deadly fear on the deck at such first view of the locality which was to be their home. The Vessel made slow progress up the River, with nothing to be seen but the primeval forest which lined its banks, and a deer and her fawn which had sought protection in the water from swarms of mosquitoes, or from some hungry wolf. In due time, the end of the journey was reached. The teams were many days behind the arrival of the Vessel, they having in bad roads – especially through the “Black Swamp” – more to overcome than the calms and adverse winds of the Lake. … [T]hey soon were quartered in little cabins of bark-covered walls. Some cleared land was rented, and a small crop of corn, potatoes, pumpkins, squashes, etc., soon planted. With ‘dog-days’ came ague and fever, attended by want and privation known to none but the pioneer. Several times the entire family was prostrated, with no one able to attend upon the sick. The frosts of October were patiently awaited as the only source of relief to sufferers; which season was made the more grateful for the abundant supplies of fish and corn-‘pone,’ which it brought.”

Within one or two generations, members of the five families, probably mostly born in Fermanagh, moved to N.Y. and settled there long enough to have children and even grandchildren, and then again uprooted their families and headed West to the edges of the ever expanding frontier.a That they chose to keep moving to new lands, the distances they traveled, and the hardships they faced were characteristics they shared with tens of thousands of other Americans during the same period (ca 1795-ca 1835). But as Van Every points out their willingness to do so set them apart from the even greater number of others who chose remain settled in the pre-colonial settlements of the East Coast. Though the move from Penn. to N.Y. seems to have been a concerted endeavor of the five families, during the next wave of migrations each family set out on its own and the inter-family bonds seemed to dissolve with time and distance. No further interaction between any of the families is known after these westward migrations.

a 2 Maybe it was the memory of this arduous first journey from Fermanagh to Seneca that prompted ARMSTRONG HART to decide to leave his daughters behind when he embarked on the long journey to Franklin Co., Mo. in 1822/23.

1 CHAPTER 2 THE FAMILY OF ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG SR

The Armstrong family of Fermanagh Twp, (now) Juniata Co., Penn. was closely related through marriage 1 to three of the other four families as shown in Figure 8, above. ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG SR’s 2 2 1 1 daughters, MARY and SARAH , married EPENETUS HART AND JOHN S. MCLEAN, respectively. 1 1 1 ALEXANDER ’s sister (or close relative) ELIZABETH ARMSTRONG married THOMAS HOWARD. 1 Only ANTHONY II TRIMMER does not seem to have a marriage connection to this Armstrong family, 1 but he was married to the sister of THOMAS HOWARD. In studying the eighteenth century records of Armstrong families in Cumberland Co., Penn. and the early nineteenth century records of Ontario Co., N.Y., it is clear that there were probably at least two distinct Armstrong families living in each county, during the same periods, and often sharing the same first names (Alexander, James, etc.). This makes distinguishing between the families very difficult and the interpretation and attribution of early Penn. land records and the early N.Y. tax and census records particularly problematic. Some of the conclusions made below might be reasonably challenged by others interpreting the same information. The Armstrong family that is part of part of the five family group had settled in Fermanagh Twp. by the time of the Revolutionary War, and consisted in the first four generations as shown in Appendix A. In his Chronicles of the Armstrongs, James Lewis Armstrong described an early historical event that has proven problematic. This account may or may not relate to the Armstrong family of our study, but has 1 influenced discussions of the identity of the Elizabeth Armstrong who eventually married THOMAS HOWARD, as discussed later in this chapter. Armstrong wrote: “John Armstrong or Jack Armstrong, an Indian trader, was murdered by the Indians at the Narrows in Juniata, Pennsylvania, in 1744. His body was discovered by his brother, Alexander Armstrong, and a number of others, among whom was a James Armstrong. In an Indian raid thereafter the wife of James and two of his children were taken prisoners by the Indians. This was James of the Juniata district.” Research has not revealed the name of the progenitor father of this clan, __?__ ARMSTRONG, but much of what can be determined regarding that progenitor’s descendants relies to a large extent on the 1 1 a 106 1783 will of ROBERT ARMSTRONG and the 1791 will of his brother, GEORGE . These wills are important source documents for clarifying the siblings of their generation and their children in the Armstrong family of Fermanagh Twp., as well as some of the spouses. Transcriptions of these wills are given below (Figures 29 and 30) and images of the originals, as well as the transactions are attached to 1 1 b ROBERT ’s and GEORGE ’s personal pages on the website www.acvancestors.com.

1 ROBERT ’s will very meticulously named his own siblings and his nieces and nephews as his heirs, 1 designating each one as the child of one or another of the siblings. In GEORGE ’s will he named his 1 1 siblings, sons-in-law, and grandchildren. It is possible that ROBERT and GEORGE had one or more other siblings (perhaps without children) who had died before they wrote their wills or were excluded for some reason.

a There were a number of early Armstrong settlers in Penn. who might have fathered this clan, but it isn’t clear if the second generation were born in Penn. or migrated to Penn. from elsewhere. b See http://www.acvancestors.com/g2/p2578.htm#i77316 and http://www.acvancestors.com/g2/p2590.htm#i77698 for images of Robert’s and George’s wills, respectively.

1 Figure 29: Transcription of Will of ROBERT ARMSTRONG of Fermanagh Twp., Cumberland Co., Penn., Dated 24 June 1783a 107

The last Will and Testament of Robert Armstrong Deceased No. 164[?] In the name of God Amen. I Robert Armstrong of Fermanagh Township Cumb. County the State of Pennsylvania Yeoman being Infirm in Body but of a sound and with dispossessing mind and memory being sensible of the mortality of mandkind [sic] do make and ordain this my last Will and Testament in manner and form following. That is to say I give and recommend my soul into the hand of Almighty God that gave it, and my Body I recommend to the Earth to be decently interred at the discretion of my Executors here after mentioned and Touching such Worldly Estate which It hath pleased God to bless me with I will and Bequeath in the following manger and form. In the first(?) I will that my Plantation laying and being in Greenwood Township adjoining the Land of the late Richard Hays deceased be sold by my Execrs to the Best Advantage when Opportunity Serves and the Value thereof divided as follows. Imprimer I Will that all my Debts and funeral charges be paid and discharged by my Execrs. I Bequeath unto my Brother George's Eldest Daughter Ann the sum of Eighteen pounds, also I Will and Bequeath to this Georges sec Eldest daughter Sarah the sum of eighteen pounds likewise the two Sums for the two Girls own Particular use. Also I Will to my sister Eliz. daughter Sarah the sum of Ten pounds. Also I will to my Brother Alex youngest Son Robert Twenty pounds to be lodged into the hands of some honest person on use? till he this Robt. comes to the Age of twenty one years. Also I Will to Alexr Eldest Daughter Mary the sum of fifteen pounds. Like also to sd. Alex. Eldest Son James I will the sum of ten pounds. Also I Will unto Sarah Pawley the wife of John Pawley the sum of five pounds all the said sums to be of Lawful money of the State aforesaid. Also to my Brother Alexr Son George I Will the sum of ten pounds al to sd. Alexr Daughter Sarah I Will the sum of five pounds money as aforesaid AND if any over value of the Value of the Lands Yet Remaine I Will that it be equally divided to Each Person in proportion to their share. But if the Value thereof be not sufficient to pay as aforesaid I Will that what is deficient be reduced from each person In Proportion accordingly. Lastly I do make and Constitute Jas Armstrong my Brother Alexs Son and Epenetas Hart Execrs of this my Last Will and Testament. In Witness whereof I have here unto Set my hand and seal this 24 Day of June 1783. Robert Armstrong (his mark) Pronounced by the sd. Robt. Armstrong as his last Will and Testament in the presence of us who in his presence and the presence of Each other have hereunto subscribed our Names Mary Hart Willm. Sketchy Be it remembered that on the twenty first day of January in the Year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and eighty five the last Will and Testament of Robert Armstrong deceased was legally proved (of which the foregoing Record is a true Copy) and Letters Testamentary issued in Common form to James Armstrong and Epinetus Hart Executors therein names on the twenty Second day of April 1785. Inventory and accompt? To be Exhibited into the Registers office in Carlisle in the time appointed by Law. Witness my Hand Willm Lyon Regr.

1 1 GEORGE ARMSTRONG’s will was written in 1791, eight years after his brother ROBERT ’s will. His wife 1 was apparently already deceased as she is not named in the will. GEORGE focused his bequests on his 2 own daughters and grandchildren by them, naming only one heir outside his immediate family: GEORGE 1 ARMSTRONG (Alexander ).

a Transcription of the will of Robert Armstrong made by GA Vaut. References to names of family members are highlighted by the transcriber. References to family members are underlined.

1 Figure 30: Transcription of Will of GEORGE ARMSTRONG of Milford Twp., Cumberland Co., Penn., Dated 4 March 1791a 108

In the name of God Amen. The fourth day of March one thousand seven hundred and ninety one I George Armstrong of the township of Milford, County of Mifflin and State of Pennsylvania. [Taylor?] Being frail of body but perfect in mind and memory thanks be to God Therefore calling to mind the mortality of any body and knowing that it is appointed for all men once to die do make and ordain this my last Will and Testament. viz. principally and first of all I gave and recomend my soul to god that gave it and for my body I recomend it to the Earth to be buried in a Christian Like manner at the discretion of m Executors nothing doubting but at the general resurection I shall receive the same again by the mighty power of god and as touching such Worldly Estate wherewith it hath pleased God to bestow me in this life I gave bequeath and dispose of in the manner and form following. VIZ Firstly I constitute ordain and apoint my trusty and good friends Christopher Quigly Esq. and John McDonald my Executors of this my last will and testament. Secondly that all my just debts and funeral expenses be paid out of my Estates by my executors. Thirdly I give and Bequeath to my Daughter Anne one hundred pounds to be paid out of my Estate when sold. Fourthly I gave and bequeath unto my Daughter Sarah one hundred pounds to be paid out of my Estate when sold. Fifthly I gave and bequeath unto Mary McCormick wife to William McCormick twenty five pounds to be paid out of my Estate when sold. Sixthly I gave and bequeath unto George Armstrong son to Alexdr Armstrong six pounds to be paid as above. Seventhly I order and appoint my two true and trusty friends Christopher Quigly Esq. and John McDonald as soon after my decease to sell and convey my plantation in Alen Township where on John Dunlop now liveth as soon as conveniently may (illegible) allow. Eighthly after my land is sold I give and Bequeath all unto my Grand Children Margret Harkness and Mary Harkness and Margaret Gordan, John Gordan, George Gordan, William Gordan, Elizabeth Gordan, and Alexander Gordan and if my Daughter Sarah hath more children hereafter they are to share equal with the aforesaid children of my Estates and after the aforesaid two hundred and thirty one pounds is paid the remainder to be equally divided among my grand Children. This my last will and testament I constitute and ordain bearing date the 4th day of March 1791 hereby revoking and disanuling all and every other Will heretofore this only to be my last will and testament Signed Sealed & Executed the day and year first above said. George Armstrong (Seal) Signed & sealed in presence of David Hardey, Thomas McCormick Be it remembered that on the eighth day of February Anno Domini one thousand seven hundred & ninety eight the last will and testament of George Armstrong decd was legally proven of which the foregoing record is a true copy and Letters of Administration with a copy of the will thereunto annexed issued to John McCord and John Kistler (?) (The Executors in the said will mentioned having resigned). Inventory and accounts to be rendered and Exhibited into the Registers Office at Lewistown arguable to [Lane?]. (signed) Saml Edmiston, Regstr

The overlapping family relationships mentioned in the two wills are presented in Figure 31, below. 1 1 ROBERT ’s will did not mention a wife or any children of his own. GEORGE ’s will listed his children and grandchildren as heirs, but did not name his wife, implying that she was deceased by 1791.

a Transcription of the will of George Armstrong made by GA Vaut. References to names of family members are highlighted by the transcriber. References to identified family members are underlined.

1 2 1 1 Significantly, ROBERT ’s will named his nephew, JAMES ARMSTRONG (Alexander ), and EPENETUS 1 2 HART as co-executors of the will. ROBERT ’s will was witnessed by his niece, MARY (Armstrong) 1 1 HART (Alexander ), Epenetus’ wife is also named as ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG’s eldest daughter and a legatee in the will.

1 1 Figure 31: Family Relationships Mentioned in the 1783 Will of ROBERT ARMSTRONG and 1791 Will of GEORGE ARMSTRONG a 109

a Copies of wills provided by the Cumberland County Registrar of Wills (1783 will) and the Mifflin County Historical Society (1791 will).

In these two wills we find evidence of an Armstrong family of five siblings living in the mid-18th a 1 century: Of these five siblings, ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG SR. is the principal focus of our analysis 1 of the Armstrong family, though his brother, ROBERT , is discussed in passing, and his sister, 1 ELIZABETH , is discussed both here and in the Howard family chapter, below. The Armstrong family of Fermanagh Twp.:

1 i. ROBERT ARMSTRONG (no known wife or children) 1 1. ii. ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG SR (see below) 1 iii. GEORGE ARMSTRONG married (__?__) a. Anne3 Armstrong married David Harkness 1) Margaret Harkness 2) Mary Harkness b. Sarah3 Armstrong married (__?__) Gordon 1) Mary Gordon 2) John Gordon 3) George Gordon 4) William Gordon 5) Elizabeth Gordon 6) Alexander Gordon 1 1 iv. ELIZABETH ARMSTRONG probably married THOMAS HOWARD 1 v. SARAH ARMSTRONG married John Pawley/Pauly

1 As discussed below, ROBERT ARMSTRONG apparently arrived in Cumberland Co. in August 1751, 1 110 1 along with his brother ALEXANDER , settling around Fort Halifax (in today’s Dauphin Co.). ROBERT then appears in the 1778 and 1782 Supply Rates lists for Greenwood Twp.,b Cumberland Co. He disappears after this. His will is dated 24 June 1783. In his will, he wrote, “I Robert Armstrong of Fermanagh Twp…” indicating that he apparently moved from Greenwood to Fermanagh in late 1782 or earlier in 1783.c The will was probated on 21 January 1785 in Cumberland Co. Therefore he died in late 1783 or 1784, at least a decade before the other members of the family migrated to N.Y. There is a record of a Robert Armstrong having served in the Cumberland Co. militia, but the record is for 1 April 1784 1 and 30 March 1785 – around the time ROBERT died - probably not the same Robert, unless it was a record of a posthumous payment.111 There is a 26 July, 1768 Cumberland Co. marriage recorded between 1’ a Robert Armstrong and an Isabel Forster, though ROBERT s will does not mention a wife or any children of his own. There is one additional theory concerning the origin of the specific Armstrong family of Fermanagh Twp. that is of interest to us. There is a 1770 will of a William Armstrong112 which names as heirs a son, Alexander, and a daughter, Elizabeth, and mentions the bequest of land along the Juniata River to this 1 Alexander. Some have theorized that William’s children were ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG SR and 1 ELIZABETH ARMSTRONG. However, in the will, William mentions three sons and five daughters (John, Alexander, and William; and Mary (Saunderson), "Sary" (Nailor), Susannah, Charity and

a 1 This information is from the will of ROBERT ARMSTRONG. The family relationships identified in that will 1 and that of his brother, GEORGE are sketched out in Figure 31. b Greenwood is to the southeast of Fermanagh and was formed from part of Fermanagh in 1767. It is also in today’s Juniata Co. c 1 ROBERT does not appear in any of the Fermanagh supply rates lists.

Elizabeth). He does not mention sons named Robert or George, nor a daughter Sarah (Pawley). Thus, it is 1 clear that this is not the same Armstrong family as that reflected in the wills of ROBERT ARMSTRONG 1 a (1783) and GEORGE ARMSTRONG or is a subject of this study.

1 b 113 1. ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG SR was born bef 1740 ; his place of birth and date of death are unknown. He married Elizabeth E. (__?__).c 114 The dates of Elizabeth’s birth and death dates and places are unknown.

1 d The children of ALEXANDER and Elizabeth E. (__?__) ARMSTRONG:

2 2. iii. MARY ARMSTRONG. ca 1758 – bef 1793 m. bef 1774 Epenetus Hart ca 1755-aft 1798 2 3. i. SARAH ARMSTRONG. 1753 – 1841 probably m. 1779 John McLean 1748-1841 2 4. ii. JAMES ARMSTRONG. bef 1757 – aft 1840 2 5. iv. GEORGE ARMSTRONG. 1759 – 1842 m. ca 1791 Elizabeth _____ unk – 1831 2 v. ROBERT (ALEXANDER?) ARMSTRONG. aft 1762 – aft 1783 2 e 6. vi. ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG JR. ca 1762 – unk

There were a number of Armstrong families living in eastern Penn. in the mid-18th century, many of whom were of Scottish or Scots-Irish origin. It is possible that Alexander was related to the wider Armstrong family of Major General John Armstrongf that migrated ca 1721 from County Fermanagh, Ireland to settle in the Juniata Valley of Penn.g 115 Armstrong [1902:363] writes: “Several border families left the vicinity of Brookboro, county Fermanagh, Ireland, and settled in Pennsylvania about the year 1721. Among these were several Armstrongs. They preceded Major- General John Armstrong, and in fact were his cousins … We find these Armstrongs in the Juniata district in 1740.”

a I am grateful to Carolyn Howard who brought this will to my attention. b 1 The estimate that ALEXANDER was born before 1740 is rough and based on the fact that in his brother 1 1 2 2 ROBERT 's 1783 will ALEXANDER 's "eldest" daughter, MARY and "second" daughter SARAH are named and are not referred to as minors (as some others in the will are). Thus, we can assume that the youngest was therefore at 2 2 least 21 in 1783. MARY , the older daughter, was probably at least 2 years older than her sister SARAH , meaning 2 2 1 that MARY was born in or before 1760. As MARY was at least ALEXANDER 's second child and there was an older 2 1 brother JAMES , and assuming that ALEXANDER was 20 years old or older when JAMES was born, then we can 1 estimate ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG would have been born in or before 1740. c The name of Alexander’s wife, Elizabeth E. __?__, is taken from a 1795 deed for the sale land in Fermanagh Twp., then Mifflin Co., in the name of “Alexander Armstrong Senior and Elizabeth his wife” and is signed “Elizabeth E. Armstrong.” d Specific sources for vital information are given in the discussion of the third generation of the Armstrong family, below. The most questionable issue in this list derived from Robert1’s will is the question of the sons 2 2 ROBERT and ALEXANDER and whether they may have been the same person, as discussed below. e 2 2 The sons ROBERT and ALEXANDER may be the same person. f See Wikipedia for further biographical detail on General John Armstrong (1717-1795). Online https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Armstrong,_Sr g Armstrong [1902:363] reviews this family plus a number of other eighteenth century Armstrongs who appear 1 in the American colonies. None of them can be linked to the family of ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG. The names James and George seem common among several immigrant Armstrong families of this period.

Research on the Alexander Armstrongs appearing in Fermanagh Twp., has clarified that there were two Alexanders in Fermanagh at the same time: Alexander “Senior” and Alexander “Junior”.a Though such suffixes were not at that time a definitive indicator of a father/son relationship, other researchb 116 has shown that there was a close relationship and that they were probably the father and son ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG SR. and ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG JR.

1 Furthermore, it is clear that it was this ALEXANDER (Alexander ) and who eventually migrated to N.Y. 2 2 with his brothers JAMES and GEORGE . This conclusion is supported by several other facts: 1. A deed exists dated 13 May 1782 117 between “Alexander Armstrong Junr of Fermanagh Township …and Alexander Armstrong Senr of the afsd Twp.” and similar references to an Alexander Junior and an Alexander Senior in a 1795 deed. 118 2. There are two Alexander Armstrongs reported in the 1785,119 1786 and 1787120 County Transcripts and State Tax lists for Fermanagh, Cumberland Co., Penn.: one a landowner and the second a “Freeman”. 2 c 3. GEORGE ARMSTRONG’s 1832 application for a Revolutionary War pension is supported by an affidavit by an Alexander Armstrong who affirms that he is the brother of this George. 1 4. JOHN S. MCLEAN’s 1832 pension application states that he was a resident of “Juniatta” [sic] in Pennsylvania, and is also supported affidavits by an Alexander Armstrong and a George Armstrong who attest that they both “... lived in the same neighbourhood vis on the Juniatta in the 1 121 2 County of Cumberland…” as JOHN S. . GEORGE ARMSTRONG also attests that he served in 1 the same units as JOHN S. Other records show that these units were formed by men predominately from Fermanagh Twp. 122

123 1 When writing his will in 1783 , ROBERT ARMSTRONG stated that he had a brother named Alexander, along with three other siblings – all of whom he named (see Figure 31, above). Furthermore, 1 1 2 ROBERT wrote that his brother ALEXANDER had at least five children, including an oldest son, JAMES , 2 1 and a second son, GEORGE . As long as ROBERT was accurate at least with respect to the relatives he did 1 2 2 name, the ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG father/son relationship with JAMES and GEORGE is confirmed.

2 2 1 That GEORGE had a brother named ALEXANDER is a sound conclusion. His uncle, ROBERT , names a 2 1 son ROBERT (Alexander ), who was a minor at the time his uncle wrote his will (1783), but does not 124 2 mention another nephew named Alexander. There is no evidence that this ROBERT was also known as 1 “Alexander”, but it is unreasonable that ALEXANDER named his youngest son after both his brother and himself: i.e., Robert Alexander Armstrong or Alexander Robert Armstrong. There is no other record of a 2 “Robert ARMSTRONG” of this age (born after 1762) other than this mention in ROBERT ’s 1783 will. 2 2 However, there is clear proof that this GEORGE and this ALEXANDER were in fact brothers from an 1832

a The designations “Sr” (or “Senr”) and “Jr” (or “Junr”) are found in land transactions involving both of them, as described below. Christopher C. Child has pointed out in the 18th and 19th centuries, the suffixes “Jr” and “Sr” were sometimes used to designate two individuals with the same name, one of whom was older than the other, but who were not necessarily related. See Child, Christopher C., “Know Your Suffixes.” Vita Brevis, Online http://vita- brevis.org/, (11 Feb 2016). b 2 2 In a deed dated 22 Aug 1795, ALEXANDER ’s last record in Fermanagh, ALEXANDER and his wife Mary are recorded as selling a “…parcel of land whereon Alexander Armstrong Senior now lives.” c 1 See Armstrong [1832]. JOHN S. MCLEAN also provided confirming that he had served with George in the 2 2 1 Cumberland Co. militia in 1778. Alexander and GEORGE also provided affidavits in support of JOHN S. 1 MCLEAN’s pension application and made similar statements concerning living with JOHN S. and (in the case of George2) serving with him in Pennsylvania. See McLean [1832].

2 2 affidavit that ALEXANDER signed in N.Y. in support of GEORGE ’s Revolutionary War pension application (discussed later in this chapter).125

1 However, there are several other worrying details to be resolved concerning ALEXANDER 2 2 2 2 a ARMSTRONG and his three purported sons: JAMES , GEORGE , and ALEXANDER /(aka ROBERT ).

1 1. One such detail already discussed is the fact that ROBERT did not explicitly mention a nephew 1 126 named Alexander as a son of his brother ALEXANDER inhis will. 1 2. A second detail to be resolved is that if ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG was the father of three 2 2 2 sons who migrated to N.Y. (JAMES , GEORGE , and ALEXANDER – along with their sisters and 1 brothers-in-law), what happened to ALEXANDER the father? There is evidence of two Alexander Armstrongs in 1785, 1786 and 1787 in Fermanagh, Cumberland Co., Penn. listed in the Fermanagh Twp., Cumberland County Transcripts, Supply Lists and State Tax lists127 (one as a property owner and one as a Freeman). For the years 1788 and 1789 only one Alexander is listed 128 129 1 (a landowner). There are also the 1792 purchase of land in Fermanagh by ALEXANDER and 130 2: 1 the 1795 sale of land by ALEXANDER land on which ALEXANDER seems to have been living 1 at the time. There is no obvious record of two Alexander Armstrongs in N.Y. Did ALEXANDER b ARMSTRONG SR. die before his children moved? 3. Cleveland [1873:I:740] states that James Armstrong, the brother of Alexander, was born in Somerset Co., N.J. However, there may have been two James Armstrongs in the area at that time (one from N.J. and one from Penn.) and Cleveland possibly confused the two. While the issues these details are not yet incontrovertibly resolved, some likely solutions are outlined in the subsequent discussion and at the end of this chapter.

A. The ARMSTRONG Family in Pennsylvania 1751 – bef 1800

1 2 2 2 1 ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG and his three sons: JAMES , GEORGE , and ALEXANDER (Alexander ) are the primary focus of this research on the Armstrong family. As listed in the 1783 will of 1 131 1 1 ROBERT ARMSTRONG, ALEXANDER had three other siblings: a brother, GEORGE , and two 1 1 sisters, ELIZABETH and SARAH .

1 1 The first record that is possibly for our ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG and his brother ROBERT , dates his arrival in (then) Lancaster Co. to 13 Aug. 1751: “Robert and Alexander Armstrong, brothers, were early settlers on the Susquehanna, near Halifax, in then ‘Pextang.’ On the 13th of August, 1751, one hundred acres were warranted to Robert, where on he made improvements, which, in 1755, were destroyed by Indians. Subsequently there was ‘erected a Fort on the same Tract called Fort Halifax.’ The ‘said Tract adjoined Plantation late of Simon Girtee.’ On the 20th of June, 1773, a warrant was issued in favor of Robert Armstrong for one hundred and fifty acres of land situate ‘on the east side of New England Run, in Upper Paxtang Township.’" 132

a 2 1 All references to ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG (Alexander ) in this document are to this person. b Cumberland Co. supply lists and transcripts also list an Alexander Armstrong as a Freeman in Middleton (1778 and 1779) and one as a Freeman in Teboyne (1779, 1780, and 1785). However these communities are not close to Fermanagh (perhaps several day’s ride away in that day). PennArch3XX [1898:75, 205, 227, 384, 758]

Fort Halifax was a key point for protection of travelers through the Susquehanna Valley between Fort Hunter in Harrisburg, Penn., to the south, and Fort Augusta in the upper Susquehanna Valley.a Upper Paxtang was located south of Halifax in the northwest corner of today’s Dauphin Co.

1 2 2 All of the children of ALEXANDER were probably born in Penn. The two daughters, MARY and SARAH 1 were married in Penn. and moved to N.Y. in the late 1790s with their husbands, EPENETUS HART and 1 2 2 2 JOHN S. MCLEAN. Their brothers, JAMES , GEORGE , and ALEXANDER , also moved to N.Y. around the same time.

2 2 As discussed earlier, the fate of son ROBERT is unknown, unless he is in fact the ALEXANDER who 133 2 appears in Fermanagh Twp., Penn. by 1782 and in N.Y. bef 1800, in both places with JAMES and 2 GEORGE . The only indication of a son named “Robert” is the mention in his uncle Robert’s 1783 will, but there is no subsequent record of a “Robert Armstrong” who is clearly related to this family in Penn. or 1 b in N.Y., other than ROBERT .

1 The earliest recorded date in Penn. for someone who could have been ALEXANDER is for Nov. 1744 when a James Armstrong and an Alexander Armstrong were signers of a petition for road improvements 134 1’ in Lancaster Co. (Cumberland Co. was formed from Lancaster Co. in 1750). ROBERT s 1783 will did not mention a brother, James, possibly ruling out the possibility that the 1744 Alexander and James were 1 brothers in the Armstrong family studied here. It is not likely that this is ALEXANDER and his son, 2 JAMES : the names may only be a coincidence. Another possibility is that this Alexander and James were of an earlier generation, with the James being the one who suffered an Indian attack (see below), and either Alexander or James being the patriarch of the Armstrong family of Fermanagh Twp. The brother James could well be the James Armstrong whose wife and two daughters were kidnapped in an Indian attack in February 1755.135 However, any relationship between that James and the Fermanagh family is at present only speculation.

“In February, 1755, Indians came to the Juniata from Shamokin, to the house of Hugh Mitcheltree, and killed his wife and a young man; they thence went and killed Edward Nicholson and his wife, and took Joseph, Thomas and Catherine Nicholson, John Wilcox, James Armstrong’s wife and two children prisoners. Col. James Burd in his journal kept while in command of Fort Augusta at Shamokin, under date of Sunday June 26, 1757, writes: ‘This evening at 7 P.M., a woman wading the river opposite to the centry [sic] of the upper pallasade [sic] bastion, was discovered by said centry [sic] and called to the woman to know who she was, and she answered a prisoner that had made her escape from the Indians. I sent a battoe [sic] and brought her over; she proved to be one Betty Armstrong, the wife of James Armstrong, (a soldier in this garrison,) who was taken captive by the Indians from Juniata eighteen months ago.’ Nothing is said in the journal of the Armstrong children, but Sir William Johnson in his journal of proceedings with the Confederate Nations at Canajohary under date of April 12, 1759, gives in

a See “Fort Halifax Park”, online http://www.forthalifaxpark.org/. From a 1 November 2014 letter by the Norma Shearer, President, Friend of Fort Halifax Park, Inc., to prospect participants in the 2015 Fort Halifax Park Annual festival: “Fort Halifax was built in 1756 by a contingency of Colonial Regulars during the French and Indian War to protect settlers from hostile Indian activity and as a supply post for troops and material moving up river to Ft. Augusta…” Penn. The fort itself was located just north of Halifax along the Susquehanna River near the Armstrong Creek confluence. b There are three Robert Armstrongs resident in Penn. in the 1790 census and three in the 1800 census, but no 2 1 indication that any could be ROBERT , son of ALEXANDER , and none were living in Mifflin Co. There were no Robert Armstrongs in the 1800 New York census.

a list of prisoners surrendered: ‘Three, Elizabeth Armstrong, a girl about four years old, taken by seven Indians and a Squaw near Juniata in Pennsylvania in the year 1756.’”a

There are at least five records of early land warrants issued to a James Armstrong, beginning as early as 2 1736. However their early dates rule out the possibility that most of them they involved JAMES ARMSTRONG Alexander1). 1. 26 Nov 1736 in Paxtang Twp. in (then) Lancaster Co.; 136 2. 6 April 1744 for Middleton Twp., (then) Cumberland Co.; 137 3. 27 Jan. 1753 in E. Pennsboro Twp., in (then);138 4. 3 Feb. 1755 on Penn’s Creek in Buffaloe [sic] Twp. in (then) Union Co.; 139 and 5. 3 June 1762 in Milford Twp. in (then) Cumberland Co.140

1 The earliest recorded date for someone who seems to have been ALEXANDER (and his brother 1 b ROBERT ) was for August, 1751 in the passage in Egle [1885:8], quoted above, relating to the arrival of two brothers, Robert and Alexander in the area of Upper Paxtang Twp. The presence of two brothers, 1 Alexander and Robert together, lends some plausibility to the identification of them as ALEXANDER and 1 1 ROBERT , but it is not proof. The warrant records for what appears to be ROBERT ’s original land grant is dated 30 October 1745 in Paxtang Twp, (then) Lancaster Co.141

1 2 The earliest record for someone who might have been ALEXANDER and his oldest son, JAMES is dated 24 Dec. 1762 and is a passage in Ellis & Hungerford [1886:I:836] regarding the sale of land in (then) Fermanagh Twp. (now Fayette), (now) Juniata Co., by a “Colonel George Armstrong, who, December 24, c 1 1762, conveyed to Alexander Armstrong, who sold to his son James.” (The year of ALEXANDER ’s 2 subsequent sale of the land to JAMES is not given.) A few pages later an Alexander Armstrong is mentioned as acquiring a tract of land on September 12, 1766 in the town of McAlisterville (a few miles east of Fermanagh in today’s Juniata Co.).d

1 ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG also appears in Fermanagh Twp. in a list of the first tax assessment of the town taken in 1763, along with Col. George Armstrong, William Armstrong and John Armstrong.142 Ellis & Hungerford [1886:I:810] record that in 1764-66 the settlers of Fermanagh were driven out by Indian 1 attacks and returned in 1767 when ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG and his son JAMES appear on the 1767 tax list for Fermanagh, along William Armstrong and John Armstrong. There is no evidence of a 1 relationship between ALEXANDER and the Col. George, William or John Armstrong of Fermanagh.

1 ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG appears in Fermanagh Twp. in 1778 in the first state tax for (then) 2 1 Cumberland Co., Penn. He is listed on the same page as his son, JAMES . ALEXANDER and his son 2 JAMES appear regularly in the tax and supply rates lists for Fermanagh Twp. (for 1778 - 1782 and 1785 –

a This citation is referred to later in this chapter and in the HOWARD Family chapter regarding the 1 identification of the “Elizabeth Armstrong” who married THOMAS HOWARD. b A Robert Armstrong is also noted in Egle [1881:88] as a settler in the “West End of Derry”, Penn. In 1755 and 1 1 again in 1757. This could well have been ALEXANDER ’S brother ROBERT . c 1 No family ties between this Col. George Armstrong and ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG have been identified. d In Ellis & Hungerford [1886:843], a “William Armstrong, of Delaware,” and an Edward Armstrong are also mentioned as acquiring land in McAlisterville in this same passage. No family relationship has been found between these three Armstrongs (William, Edward and this Alexander), nor has it been confirmed that this Alexander is 1 actually ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG.

1789).a These early lists only indicate assets in terms of acres of land and heads of livestock. They do not mention numbers or names of any other household members.

2 1 The first record of the presence of JAMES (Alexander ) is the passage in Ellis & Hungerford cited above 1 2 regarding the 1762 sale of land from ALEXANDER to his son, JAMES . This land was at the time in Fermanagh Twp.143 (Ellis & Hungerford are unclear in describing its location). As mentioned above, 2 1 b JAMES is consistently listed along with ALEXANDER in the tax and supply lists for Fermanagh Twp. Four “James Armstrongs” appear in the 1790 census for Mifflin Co, of whom three might be qualify as 2 c 144 JAMES .

2 1 The first record of GEORGE (Alexander ) is in 1781 when he appears as a Freeman in the Cumberland Co. transcript for the Town of Fermanagh.145 He appears there again in 1782.146 There does not appear to 2 147 be a separate listing for GEORGE in the 1790 U. S. census for Mifflin Co.

2 1 ALEXANDER (Alexander ) first appears in the 1785 Cumberland Co. transcript in Fermanagh, as well, and every year following through 1789.148 An Alexander Armstrong appears 1790 in the first federal census for Mifflin Co.149 as shown in Figure 1 32. It is not certain, but this is probably ALEXANDER and Elizabeth E. (__?__) ARMSTRONG because 2 it is unlikely that ALEXANDER would have had a son 16 years old or older at this time and none of his 1 known daughters were born until nearly thirty years later. One of ALEXANDER AND Elizabeth E. (__?__) ARMSTRONG may have had a married child and grandchildren living with them at the time such as 2 2 GEORGE and Elizabeth (__?__) ARMSTRONG (married before 1791) or their son, ALEXANDER and Mary (Murray) ARMSTRONG (married in 1781).

1 Figure 32: Detail of Enumeration for ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG from 1790 U. S. Census, Mifflin Co., Penn. 150

Free White Persons - Males - Under 16: 1 [aft 1774] Unidentified? 1 Free White Persons - Males - 16 and over: 2 [bef 1774] ALEXANDER b bef 1740, Unidentified? Free White Persons - Females: 3 Elizabeth E. (__?__), Unidentified?, Unidentified? Total Household 6

1 As later land records for 1792 and 1795 show ALEXANDER (Alexander “Senior”) living in Fermanagh 1 Twp. around this time, it seems likely that the 1790 census listing is ALEXANDER (living between 1 1 EPENETUS HART and JOHN S. MCLEAN – See Figure 5, above).

a Images of these tax and supply lists are attached to the records for these individuals at www.acvancestors.com. The images are from the Penn. Archives Retrospective Series CD, Cumberland County Tax Lists, Retrospect Publishing, Alexandria, VA, 1st edition, 2002. The information on the CD was scanned from PennArch3XX [1898]; and from PATaxList [various towns:various years]. b Images of these tax and supply lists are attached to the records for these individuals at www.acvancestors.com. The images are from various databases at PAHisMusCmsnLand. c 2 1 A fourth “Docr Jas Armstrong” is also listed on p. 124, but is clearly not JAMES (Alexander ).

One of the principal sets of records of the Armstrong family in Cumberland Co. is their appearances in the various annual Supply Rates and State Tax lists for the years 1778-1789.151 A summary of these listings is shown in Figures 33 and 34. Figure 33: ARMSTRONG Family Members in Cumberland Co. Supply Rates Lists for 1778 - 1782152 a

1778 1779 1780 1781 1782

1 ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG Fermanagh Fermanagh Fermanagh Fermanagh Fermanagh 2 ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG 2 JAMES ARMSTRONG Fermanagh Fermanagh Fermanagh Fermanagh Fermanagh 2 GEORGE ARMSTRONG Fermanagh Fermanagh 1 ROBERT ARMSTRONG Greenwood Greenwood

Figure 34: ARMSTRONG Family Members in Cumberland Co. Supply Rates and Tax Lists for 1785 - 1789153

1785 1786 1787 1788* 1789* Supply Tax Supply Tax Supply Tax Supply Tax Supply Tax Alexander1 Armstrong FFFFFFFFFF Alexander2 Armstrong FFFF F James2 Armstrong FFFFFFFFFF George2 Armstrong 1 Robert Armstrong Key: P = Penn Twp., Northumberland Co. B = Beaver Twp., Northumberland Co. * Only one Alexander Armstrong, who shown as a Freeman, appears in the 1778 and 1779 lists, assumed to be 1 ALEXANDER . A second important set of records are land transactions: the granting of warrants for parcels of land and the surveying of those parcels. There are multiple transactions for Armstrongs named Alexander, George, James, and Robert (most of which are fairly clearly associated with this family), as well as a number for other Armstrongs.b It’s also fairly clear that these transactions probably cover two different generations, starting with the two 1 1 brothers, ALEXANDER and ROBERT as well as the James Armstrong who was among the earliest settlers of this area of Pennsylvania (but whose relationship to this family is still unclear).

2 Two land transactions seem to involve ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG:

a Supply rate lists were apparently not prepared for Fermanagh in 1783 or 1784. State tax lists were apparently not available before 1785. b These are particularly for a William Armstrong whose land occasionally appears near the members of this family, but for whom no relationship to this family has been identified.

1. On 14 Jan. 1788, “Alexander Armstrong and Margaret Armstrong” warrant 200 acres of land in Beaver Dam Twp., Northumberland Co. “adjoining land of Epenetus Hart.”154 2. On 22 Aug. 1795, “Alexander Armstrong Junr and Mary his wife … of Nottingham Twp. of Washington Co.” sell the parcel of land in Fermanagh Twp. on which “Alexander Armstrong now lives on…”155 (around the time they would have been leaving for N.Y.).

1 The first purchase is clearly related the parcel purchased in 1787 by EPENETUS HART and on the same 14 Jan. 1788 as the purchase by “Alexander Armstrong and Margaret Armstrong”, a lot purchased jointly 1 2 1 by THOMAS HOWARD, GEORGE ARMSTRONG, and JOHN S. MCLEAN. We know that 1 ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG’s wife was named “Elizabeth E. (__?__) from a deed dated 1 May 1795. 1 So it is not likely that the Beaver Dam transaction involved ALEXANDER , but since it was clearly related 2 2 to the purchases by the others, including ALEXANDER ’s brother, GEORGE ARMSTRONG, the evidence 2 is strong that it was executed by ALEXANDER . The reference to Fermanagh and to Alexander Junior and 1 2 Alexander Senior, also seems to confirm the fact that this involved ALEXANDER and ALEXANDER .

2 These two transactions raise an unresolved question: that of the name of ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG’s wife. Was she named “Margaret”, or “Mary”, or “Mary Margaret”, or were these two different wives? There is a record of a 1781 marriage between an Alexander Armstrong and a Mary Murray which could 2 relate to ALEXANDER . But this would appear inconsistent with the 1788 land transaction where his wife is identified as “Margaret”.

1 In discussing JOHN S. MCLEAN’s revolutionary war experience, John Sexton states that “… at the close of his service he married Sarah Armstrong, daughter of James Armstrong, likewise of Scotch-Irish descent, but early settled in Lancaster County, Penn.”156 Sexton might have been wrong regarding the 1 2 name of Sarah’s father and she was in fact the daughter of ALEXANDER (the SARAH listed in her Uncle 157 1 158 Robert’s 1783 will ). The “Sarah Armstrong” who married JOHN S. MCLEAN was born in 1753 1 and would have been of about the right age to be the daughter of ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG. No research has conclusively identified any James ARMSTRONG with a daughter named Sarah who would have matched Sexton’s “James”. Carol Anders159 cites the passage by Egle [1881:6]a to support her belief that James Armstrong, the early settler, was the father of this Sarah. The citation concerns the Feb. 1755 kidnapping by Indians in Juniata Co., Penn. of the wife and two children of a James Armstrong. There is no reference to a Sarah among the various accounts of the James Armstrong family and the Indian attack and kidnapping. According to Egle [1881:6], the wife, identified as “Betty” Armstrong escaped eighteen months later. In 1759, four years after the incident, a young female prisoner released by the Indians was identified as Elizabeth Armstrong, “about four years old” (i.e., born ca 1755), who had been kidnapped “near Juniata” in 1756. It is possible 1 that Elizabeth Armstrong, the captive child, is the woman who eventually married THOMAS HOWARD, 1 though the dates don’t seem to match. When ELIZABETH (ARMSTRONG) HOWARD died in 1810, her obituary said that she was aged “about 45”, which indicates a date of birth closer to 1765 than to 1755 when the Indian hostage Elizabeth Armstrong was born. There seems to be no mention of the name or fate of James’ second child who Anders presumably 1 identifies as the Sarah, daughter of a James ARMSTRONG, said by Sexton to have married JOHN S.

a Quoted above, on p. 44.

MCLEAN. There is a “Jas. Armstrong” who signed a 1744 petition in Lancaster Co. (also signed by an “Alexd’r Armstrong”), who may or may not have been the James later attacked by Indians.160

B. Revolutionary War Service of the ARMSTRONG Family 1776 – 1782

There is evidence of a number of Armstrong’s in Cumberland Co. during the Revolutionary War. The records of service by men named Armstrong in the Cumberland Co. militia are summarized in Figure 35, below. Because the given names were relatively common across multiple Armstrong families, some of these records may in fact be Armstrong men from families other than the one in Fermanagh Twp. All of the records found have been included for completeness.

1 There seem to be Revolutionary War records for ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG, as well as his brother 1 1 2 1 2 1 ROBERT , and two of ALEXANDER ’s sons, JAMES (Alexander ) and GEORGE (Alexander ). These men appear in various Cumberland Co. Militia records, often serving with each other, as well as at times with 1 1 1 1 EPENETUS HART, THOMAS HOWARD, JOHN S. MCLEAN, and ANTHONY II TRIMMER, as shown in Figure 10, above.

2 1 There seems to be no record of Revolutionary War service for the third son, ALEXANDER (Alexander ). He was probably too young to have served. He did not file an application for a pension in 1832 when his 2 1 brother GEORGE and JOHN S. MCLEAN did. Nor, in his affidavits supporting their pension applications did he mention any military service of his own. Figure 35: Revolutionary War Units and Service in the Cumberland Co. Militia of Men from the ARMSTRONG Family 1776-1783 a 161

1776 1777 1778 1779 1780 1781 1782 1783 Alexander1 ARMSTRONG 19 38 39,40 George2 ARMSTRONG 7 7 10,14 15 17,18 20 27 2 James ARMSTRONG 6 10,12,13 17,18 33 33 33 Key to Units in Figure b 6 Capt. John Hamilton's Co., Roll of 5th Class Militia, Cumberland County, October 1777 c 1 [Fermanagh Twp.] – Served with EPENETUS HART 7 4th Battalion, Capt. James Gibson's Co., January 1777 (G Armstrong enlisted 1776) [Unknown Twp.] 1 10 Capt. James Horrell's Co., 1778 [Milford Twp.] – Served with JOHN S. MCLEAN 12 Capt. John Hamilton's Co., 2 mos & 2 days, 20 Jan - 30 March 1778 [Fermanagh Twp.] – 1 Served with EPENETUS HART 13 4th Battalion, Fifth Class, Capt. John Hamilton's Co., January 1778 [Fermanagh Twp.] – 1 Served with EPENETUS HART

a The highlighted numbers in identify units in which two or more members of the five families served together. b Information about units in the original sources is often incomplete regarding unit numbers and dates of service. Source citations are included below in the discussion of the service of each individual later in this chapter. c The townships providing men for each Cumberland Co. militia unit are drawn from the Pennsylvania Historical & Museum Commission website at http://www.phmc.pa.gov/Archives/Research- Online/Pages/Revolutionary-War-Militia-Cumberland.aspx#.Vsy47pwrKUl.

14 Gen. Lacy's Brigade, Col. Smith's Regiment, Capt. Matiera [poss. Greenwood Twp.] – Served 1 with JOHN S. MCLEAN 15 4th Battalion, Capt. James Gibson's Co., January 1779 [Unknown Twp.] 17 7th Battalion, 1st Co., 5th Class, Maj. John Elliot Reg., Capt. Hurl’s Co., August 1780 1 [Milford Twp.] – Served with JOHN S. MCLEAN 18 7th Battalion, 1st Company, Commanded by Col. Purdy, Capt. Hugh McAlister's Co., 1 May 1 1 1780 [Fermanagh Twp.] – Served with EPENETUS HART and JOHN S. MCLEAN 19 5th Battalion, 8th Co., 7th Class (no officers named) 1 August 1780 [Derry Twp.] 20 Capt. John Horrell's Co. (Hurls?), April 14-June 14, 1781 [Unknown Twp.] 27 Capt. John Horrell's Co., 1782 [Unknown Twp.] 33 8th Battalion, Col. Alexander Brown commanding, Capt. Robert Samuels’ Co., 1781-1782- 1783 [Derry Twp.] 39 2nd Battalion, Col. Thos. Gibson, 3rd Co., Capt. James Douglas's Co., 4th Class, 8 Sept 1781 40 2nd Battalion, Capt. Jas McFarlne's Co., 8 Sept. 1781 41 5th Battalion, 8th Co., 7th Class, Capt. John Nelson, Private (no date)

Figure 36: Other Revolutionary War Service Records of Men from the ARMSTRONG Family

Received “Soldier of the “Ranger of Individual Depreciation Revolutionary the Pay162 War”163 Frontiers”164 1 ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG X X X

1 ROBERT ARMSTRONG X X Not listed

2 GEORGE ARMSTRONG Not listed X Not listed

2 JAMES ARMSTRONG X X X

The records indicate the following evidence of service for each of the ARMSTRONG men:

1 ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG: There are several Cumberland Co. Militia unit service records for 1 ALEXANDER in 1780-82, but the Alexander Armstrong in these units is never serving with anyone else from the Fermanagh families and the townships supplying the majority of men these units are from outside the Fermanagh area. Furthermore, in most of the units where this Alexander is serving, 1 there is also a William Armstrong listed and ALEXANDER is not known to have been related to any 1 William. Thus, it is uncertain whether these records actually relate to ALEXANDER . • 1780 1 August – 5th Battalion, 8th Co., 7th Class, Private.165 • (nd) 5th Battalion, 8th Co., 7th Class, Capt. John Nelson’s Co., Private166 • 12 June 1780 and 8 Sept. 1781 - 2nd Battalion, Col. Thos. Gibson, Capt. James Douglas's Co., 4th Class, Private167

a 1 This information is taken from the pension applications of JOHN S. MCLEAN and GEORGE2 ARMSTRONG. There was a militia company in the 7th Battalion formed of men principally from Greenwood Twp. and commanded by a Capt. Philip Mathews. It is possible “Capt. Matier” may be an erroneous transcription of “Mathews”.

An Alexander Armstrong is also listed in state records as a “Ranger of the Frontiers,”168 a “Soldier of the Revolution”169 and as a “Soldier who received depreciation pay.”a 170 However, it is also uncertain 1 as to whether these records relate to ALEXANDER .

1 1 ROBERT ARMSTRONG: There seem to be no militia unit service records listing ROBERT , but there is a Robert Armstrong listed as a “Soldier of the Revolution”171 and as a “Soldier who received depreciation pay.”172

2 1 JAMES ARMSTRONG (Alexander ): There are nine records of a James Armstrong serving in at least five different Cumberland County Militia units between 1777 and 1781. Some of these are undoubtedly are other men with the same name. However, the five units in which a James Armstrong served concurrently with a George Armstrong and/or another member of the five families were all drawn from men in Fermanagh Twp. or the neighboring towns of Milford and Greenwood and are 2 173 most likely to relate to JAMES . He was also listed as a “Ranger of the Frontiers,” a “Soldier of the Revolution”174 and as a “Soldier who received depreciation pay.”175 • 1777 October – 5th Class Militia, Capt. John Hamilton’s Co., Private (served with Pvt. Epenetus Hart).176 • 1778 January – 4th Battalion, 5th Class, Capt. John Hamilton’s Co., Private (served with Pvt. Epenetus Hart).177 • 1778 20 January to 30 March – Col. Arthur Buchanan, Capt. John Hamilton’s Co., Sergeant (served with Sgt. Epenetus Hart].178 • 1778 – Capt. James Horrell’s Co., Private (served with Pvt. John McClean [sic]).179 • 1780 1 May – 7th Battalion, Col. Purdy, 1st Co., Capt. Hugh McAlister’s Co., 5th Class, (served with Lt. Epenetus Hart, Anthony Drimer [sic], and George Armstrong).180 • 1780 1 August – 7th Battalion, 1st Co., 5th Class.181 • 1781-83 – 8th Battalion, Col. Alexander Brown, Capt. Robert Samuel’s Co., 4th Class.182

2 1 GEORGE ARMSTRONG (Alexander ): There are nine records of George Armstrongs serving in at least five different Cumberland County Militia units, covering every year from December 1776 through 1782. He was also listed as a “Ranger of the Frontiers”183 and as a “Soldier of the Revolution.”184 As with the commonly named James Armstrong, it is possible that not all of these 2 2 records are for GEORGE . However, again as with his brother JAMES , the five units in which a George Armstrong served concurrently with a James Armstrong and/or another member of the five families were all drawn from men in Fermanagh Twp. or the neighboring towns of Milford and Greenwood 2 and are most likely to relate to GEORGE . • 1777 January – 4th Battalion, Capt. James Gibson’s Co., Corporal.185 Armstrong [1832] says he enlisted in 1776 • 1778 – Capt. James Horrell’s Co., Private.186 • 1778 – Capt. James Horrell’s Co., Private.187 • 1778 – Gen. Lacy’s Brigade, Col. Smith’s Regiment Capt. Matier’s Co. (served with John McLean).188 • 1779 January - 4th Battalion, Capt. James Gibson’s Co., Corporal.189

a “Depreciation pay” was a payment authorized for soldiers whose rate of pay was not adjusted to account for the significant depreciation of the Continental dollar.

• 1780 August - 7th Battalion, 1st Co., 5th Class, Maj. John Elliot Reg., Capt. Hurl’s [sic] Co. (served with John McLean).190 • 1780 1 May – 7th Battalion, Col. Purdy, Capt. Hugh McAlister’s Co., 8th Class (served with Lt. Epenetus Hart, Anthony Drimer [sic], Ja’s Armstrong).191 • 1781 14 April to 14 June – Capt. John Horrell’s Co., Private.192 • 1782 - Capt. James Horrell’s Co., Private.193

C. The ARMSTRONG Family in New York ca 1796 - 1832

There is evidence that among the late eighteenth Armstrong families settling in Ontario Co., there were a 2 possibly at least two from N.J. However, GEORGE ’s Revolutionary War pension application in 1834 confirms that he came from the Juniata area of Penn.,b where he had served in the Cumberland Co. militia 1 2 2 along with JOHN S. MCLEAN (a next door neighbor to ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG). ALEXANDER 2 1 also confirmed that he was the brother of GEORGE and that had known JOHN S. MCLEAN when they “lived in the same neighborhood” in Juniata Co., Penn. So we have good evidence that the 1800 Seneca Town Armstrong family are the 1790 Mifflin Co. Armstrongs. There was another Armstrong family, probably descended from Martin Armstrong of Somerset Co., N.J., that settled at the same time in Ontario Co. and whose presence confuses the early records of Armstrongs in Ontario Co.194 Martin Armstrong was apparently a land speculator (based on the number of land 1 transactions), and he sold land to and bought land from EPENETUS HART, as well as to a John Armstrong, a James Armstrong, and a George Armstrong, among others. This John was perhaps Martin’s 2 1 grandson. The George is probably GEORGE ARMSTRONG (Alexander ). The James who bought land 2 1 from Martin Armstrong may be JAMES ARMSTRONG (Alexander ) or another James (possibly also Martin’s son). Kathy Alvis Patterson (KAP) has provided the following list of land transactionsc by Martin Armstrong of N.J. in Ontario Co., N.Y.: • 20 Jul 1795 Enos Tubbs Martin Armstrong $400 100 North part Lot 27 twp 8 25 Oct 1806 • 28 Aug 1795 Nicholas Low Martin Armstrong $609 203 Lot 75 twp 8 25 Oct 1806 • 10 Sep 1795 Solomon Warner Martin Armstrong $1883 181 Lot #4, twp 10 25 Oct 1806 − also 165 Lot #8 − also 192 Lot #19 • 30 Jul 1796 Jonathan Melvin John Armstrong £100 100 #10, w end Lot 13 2d tier 25 Oct 1806 John is “of Somerset Co NJ” • 11 Apr 1798 Epenectus [sic] Hart Martin Armstrong $1000 10, 8 Lots 21, 33 in subd. #88 13 Sep 1804

a See Kathy Alvis Patterson’s weblog (Patterson [2008]) for a discussion of the New Jersey Armstrongs who settled in this area of New York and some theories about the identity of the James Armstrong that appears in early Ontario Co. records. Ms. Patterson’s family tree posted on Ancestry’s RootsWeb also offers considerable detail on this family. Patterson, Kathy Alvis, “Ancestors of Kathy Alvis Patterson”. Online http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=SHOW&db=alvispat1&recno=0. 2015. b The Juniata River ran the length of the 1790 Mifflin Co. and was the western border of the Town of Fermanagh. In 1831 Mifflin Co. was divided roughly in half and Juniata Co. was created (which now includes Fermanagh). c Dates given are dates of deed of sale in some cases and date deed was recorded in others.

• 2 Sep 1799 Peter Powers Martin Armstrong $483 69 Lot 10, 1st Range 5 Mar 1800 • 24 Oct 1804 Martin Armstrong George Armstrong $400 8 Lot #33 21 Dec 1808 1 of 2 sold by Epenetus Hart • 24 Oct 1804 Martin Armstrong James Armstrong $400 10+ Lot #21 in subd. #88 25 Oct 1806 1 of 2 sold by Epenetus Hart • 5 Dec 1804 Martin Armstrong Christopher Howell $900 181 1/2 Lot 4 twp 10 1st Range 25 Oct 1806 conveyed by Solomon Warner • also 100 1/2 Lot 27 Twp 8 conveyed by Enos Tubbs • 5 Dec 1804 Martin Armstrong Matthew Pattison $900 181 1/2 Lot 4 twp 10 1st Range 25 Oct 1806 conveyed by Solomon Warner • also 100 1/2 Lot 27 Twp 8 conveyed by Enos Tubbs • 5 Dec 1804 Martin Armstrong William Scott $609 203 Lot 75 twp 8 25 Oct 1806 conveyed by Nicholas Low • 5 Dec 1804 Martin Armstrong Daniel Agnew $600 192 1/2 lot 19 twp 10 conveyed by Solomon Warner • 5 Dec 1804 Martin Armstrong John Armstrong $600 192 1/2 lot 19 twp 10 conveyed by Solomon Warner • 8 Dec 1804 Martin Armstrong John Armstrong $600 192 1/2 Lot #19 Twp 10 Range 1 25 Oct 1806 conveyed by Solomon Warner • 23 Sep 1805 Martin Armstrong D & M McCoy $483 69 #10 1st Range, part lot 13 se corner 25 Oct 1806 conveyed by Peter Powers • 4 Jan 1816 James Armstrong estate Chr Howell $1 8 w part Lot 4 2 Dec 1817 • 5 Feb 1816 John Armstrong Daniel Agnew $1 96 1/2 Lot 19 twp 10 7 Feb 1816 • 5 Feb 1816 Daniel Agnew John Armstrong $1 96 1/2 Lot 19 twp 10 16 Feb 1816 (KAP: “unclear what’s going on”) • 9 Apr 1816 John Armstrong Jr Abigail Williamson $1824 96 1/2 Lot 19 twp 10 31 May 1816 refers to transaction w/Daniel Agnew Cleveland [1873:I:740] says that the John Armstrong of Benton “was a son of James Armstrong, who emigrated at an earlier period from Somerset Co., N.J., where their family were first established in this country by the emigration of Martin Armstrong from Dublin, Ireland.” This may have been the James Armstrong living in Jerusalem in 1799.195 However, Cleveland [1873:740] also says that “James Armstrong was a brother of Alexander Armstrong, the father of the family of Armstrongs that settled in East Benton…” Thus, we find one confusion in sorting the families from there being two James Armstrongs in Ontario Co. at the same time. However, we also know from Robert Armstrong’s 1783 will that his brother Alexander did indeed have an eldest son named James. There were also at least three James Armstrongs in the 1790 census for Mifflin Co., Penn., as well as a James Armstrong resident in Fermanagh in the 1778, 1779, 1780, 1781, 1782, and 1785 county tax and supply lists for Fermanagh in then Cumberland Co., Penn. a 196 There are numerous James Armstrongs in the 1800 U. S. census for Penn. One of these is listed in Carlisle, 197 2 1 Cumberland Co. and could be JAMES ARMSTRONG (Alexander ), but the fact that in N.Y., James

a James appears in Fermanagh with an Alexander in 1778, 1779, 1780, 1781, and 1782; with two Alexanders in 1785; and with a George in 1781 and 1782.

2 1 2 1 Armstrong appears so often in conjunction with GEORGE (Alexander ) and ALEXANDER (Alexander ) lends credence to the idea that George and Alexander were brothers with one of the James’s; in addition to Cleveland’s [1873:I:740] comment that “James Armstrong was a brother of Alexander Armstrong.” Cleveland must have been confused as to which James Armstrong living in Benton was the brother of 2 ALEXANDER .

2 2 2 It appears that the three Armstrong brothers (JAMES , GEORGE , and ALEXANDER ) moved to Ontario Co., 1 1 N.Y. about the same time as their brothers-in-law, EPENETUS HART and JOHN S. MCLEAN and ca 1793-1796. The 1798 Plum map (See Figure 21, above) shows a 400 acre lot in (then) Jerusalem Twp. labeled 1 1 “Plympton to Armstrong”, located next to lots belonging to EPENETUS HART, JOHN S. MCLEAN, 2 1 ARMSTRONG HART, and John Griffin (son-in-law of EPENETUS HART. The Yates County Historian, 2 Fran Dumas, believes that this was a transaction between John Plympton and JAMES ARMSTRONG, 2 indicating that JAMES had settled there at least by 1798. The record of this land acquisition has not been found.

2 198 In the 1800 census we find in Seneca Twp. JAMES and his spouse (both aged 45 or more) and 2 199 200 ALEXANDER and spouse (both aged 45 or more). However, we find two Georges – one in Seneca and a second in Jerusalem,201 both with spouses, and both aged 26–44. The two Georges are problematic 2 1 in terms of determining which one is actually GEORGE (Alexander ). The listings for the Jerusalem George and the Seneca George are shown in Figure 37. Figure 37: 1800 Federal Census for Ontario Co., N.Y. - Citations for George Armstrong in Jerusalem Twp. and Seneca Twp. 202

Jerusalem Seneca Free White Persons - Males – Under 10: 3 1 Free White Persons - Males - 26 thru 44: 1 1 Free White Persons - Females - Under 10: 1 1 Free White Persons - Females - 26 thru 44: 1 1 Number of Household Members Under 16: 4 2 Number of Household Members Over 25: 2 2 Number of Household Members: 8 4

2 a 3 3 GEORGE and Elizabeth (__?__) ARMSTRONG are known to have had three sons (James , John , and Alexander3) and one daughter (Sarah3), all born between 1791 and 1798, and thus under the age of 10 in 2 1 b 1800. Therefore, the George in Jerusalem seems the most likely to have been GEORGE (Alexander ).

2 2 However, JAMES and ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG are listed in that 1800 census Seneca with the second 1 1 George Armstrong, as are THOMAS HOWARD and ANTHONY II TRIMMER. This makes one wonder who the Seneca George might have been. As speculated below with respect to the dual listings in the

a Some sources give his wife’s maiden name as ARDERY without citing sources. Of the four DAR applications 2 made in the name of GEORGE ARMSTRONG, all four indicate that the maiden name of his wife was unknown. See DAR Applications #76254, #265698, #475210, and #714791. b The George Armstrong in Jerusalem only has one child, a daughter under 10 years of age.

2 town tax assessment lists (see Figure 38), perhaps GEORGE lived in one town and owned property in the other, but that might not be accurate given the corded presence of young children in both households. Cleveland203 asserted their arrival in what was then Jerusalem Twp. a year or two before 1800 (emphasis by the present author): “During the last year or two of the eighteenth century, there came a colony of settlers from Pennsylvania, who located in east Benton, some of them in what is now Torrey. Among them was ANTHONY TRIMMER … The Armstrongs, Harts, McLeans, Howards and Trimmers were all members of the same colony.”204 The tax assessment rolls for 1799-1804 for the towns of Ontario Co. shed more light (and some additional confusion) on the settlement pattern of the three Armstrong brothers, as can be seen in Figure 38.

1 Figure 38: Possible Presence of the Sons of ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG in Ontario Co., New York in the 1799-1804 Tax Assessment Rolls205

Year Town Individual Property Taxed

206 2 1 Part of Lot No. 12 in Town No. 1799 Jerusalem JAMES ARMSTRONG (Alexander ?) 7 in the 1st Range 126 acres a 207 2 1800 Seneca ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG House & Farm 2 1 JAMES ARMSTRONG (Alexander ) House & Farm 2 1 GEORGE ARMSTRONG (Alexander ) House & Farm b 208 2 1 Jerusalem JAMES ARMSTRONG (Alexander ) House & Farm 2 1 GEORGE ARMSTRONG (Alexander ) Part of Lot No. 12 Town No. 7 c 209 2 1801 Seneca ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG (no detail given) 2 1 JAMES ARMSTRONG (Alexander ) (no detail given) 2 1 GEORGE ARMSTRONG (Alexander ) (no detail given) d 210 2 1 Jerusalem JAMES ARMSTRONG (Alexander ) (multiple parcels) 2 1 GEORGE ARMSTRONG (Alexander ) (no detail given) 211 2 1802 Seneca ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG House & Farm 2 1 JAMES ARMSTRONG (Alexander ) House & Farm 2 1 GEORGE ARMSTRONG (Alexander ) House & Farm e 212 2 1 Jerusalem JAMES ARMSTRONG (Alexander ) House & Farm 2 1 GEORGE ARMSTRONG (Alexander ) non-resident, Part Lot 12, No. 7 213 2 1803 Seneca ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG House & Farm 2 1 JAMES ARMSTRONG (Alexander ) House & Farm 2 1 GEORGE ARMSTRONG (Alexander ) House & Farm f 214 2 1 Vernon JAMES ARMSTRONG (Alexander ) “Non-resident” 2 1 GEORGE ARMSTRONG (Alexander ) House & Farm

a 1 1 1 Also present: EPENETUS HART (“Lot”), Thomas HOWARD (“House & Farm”), and ANTHONY II TRIMMER (“House & Farm”). b 1 Also present: JOHN S. MCLEAN (“House & Farm”). c 1 Also present: ANTHONY II TRIMMER (no detail given). d 1 1 Also present: EPENETUS HART (“Lot No. on the Goar”) Thomas HOWARD (“Lots 14, 8, 21 on Goar”), 1 and JOHN S. MCLEAN (“House & Farm”). e 1 1 Also present: Thomas HOWARD (“House & Farm”), JOHN S. MCLEAN (“House & Farm”), and 1 ANTHONY II TRIMMER (“House & Farm). f 1 1 Also present: Thomas HOWARD (“House & Farm”), JOHN S. MCLEAN (“House & Farm”), and 1 ANTHONY II TRIMMER (“House & Farm).

215 2 1804 Seneca ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG House & Farm 2 1 JAMES ARMSTRONG (Alexander ) House & Farm 2 1 GEORGE ARMSTRONG (Alexander ) House & Farm a 216 2 1 Vernon JAMES ARMSTRONG (Alexander ) Non-resident 2 1 GEORGE ARMSTRONG (Alexander ) House & Farm

It seems fairly clear from the anecdotal comments of Cleveland217 and Turner, 218 as well as from the 1800 U. S. censuses for Seneca and Jerusalem219 and the 1799-1804 New York tax assessment rolls that 2 2 2 1 ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG, with his brothers, JAMES and GEORGE , uncle THOMAS HOWARD, 1 1 1 uncle EPENETUS HART, and (probable) uncle JOHN S. MCLEAN, as well as THOMAS 1 HOWARD’s brother-in-law ANTHONY II TRIMMER all moved to N.Y. about the same time and settled near each other. The Alexander Armstrong in the 1800 Seneca census is probably the same Alexander who in 1832 2 220 affirmed that he was the brother of the Revolutionary War veteran, GEORGE ARMSTRONG. Finally, when Cleveland221 wrote that “James Armstrong” was “a brother of Alexander” he meant this particular Alexander, but identified the wrong James as his brother (there were two James’s in Seneca at the time and Cleveland named the New Jersey one as Alexander’s brother in error).

1 The three Armstrong brothers thus seem to have settled in the same town with EPENETUS HART (their 2 brother-in-law by marriage to their sister, MARY ARMSTRONG), all four appearing in the 1800 tax assessment roll for Seneca (see Figure 38, above).222 Their neighbors in Seneca that year also included 1 THOMAS HOWARD (married to Elizabeth Armstrong and probably related to the three Armstrong 1 1 brothers as an aunt or a cousin) and ANTHONY II TRIMMER (married to THOMAS HOWARD’S 1 1 sister, SARAH HOWARD). JOHN S. MCLEAN, also their brother-in-law (married to the brother’s 2 second sister, SARAH ARMSTRONG), appears in the 1800 tax assessment roll for the town of Jerusalem, Ontario Co.,223 which would have been within a day’s ride south from Seneca. Two James Armstrongs appear in the 1810 224 census for Seneca Twp., and a James Armstrong appears in each of the 1820,225 1830,226 and 1840227 censuses for Seneca Twp., as well. However, there is a reasonable possibility that there was more than one James Armstrong in the area and that not all of these 2 records are for JAMES . He then does not appear further in any N.Y. There is a record of the death on 25 March 1852 and burial of a Revolutionary War veteran James Armstrong in Geneva, Ontario Co. who died at ninety years of age.228 However, this may have been James, the son of Martin Armstrong of N.J. 2 1 This lends credence to the theory that JAMES ARMSTRONG (Alexander ) was the one recorded in Jerusalem, while and then Vernon (later to become Benton), while the James, son of Martin of N.J. could well have been the man recorded in some or all of the Seneca records. If that is the case, then there is no 2 1 further record of JAMES (Alexander ) after the 1804 tax assessment list for Vernon. A study of the children shown in the two James Armstrong households in the 1810 censuses doesn’t do 2 1 much to help determine which household belongs to JAMES (Alexander ) and which to James, son of 2 Martin of N.J. we have no record of the names or ages of the children of JAMES ARMSTRONG (Alexander1). There were multiple James Armstrongs in the 1790 census for Mifflin Co. The James

a 2 1 1 Also present: ARMSTRONG HART (Epenetus )(“House & Lot”),Thomas HOWARD (“House & Farm”), 1 1 JOHN S. MCLEAN (“House & Farm”), and ANTHONY II TRIMMER (“House & Farm).

Armstrong household in the 1800 census for Seneca has four males under the age of 10 (i.e., born after 1790). Various sources show a total of seven possible children for James, son of Martin of N.J., of which one or more would have been under age ten in 1810. However, the size of families and the ages of the 2 1 oldest males in each household seem to make the case that James #1 is JAMES (Alexander ) as he was the 2 older of the two and had more children in 1800: JAMES was born before 1757, while James, son of Martin of N.J., was born in 1763. Figure 39: Comparison of James Armstrong Households in 1810 Federal Census for Seneca Twp., Ontario Co., N.Y.

James #1 James #2 Free White Persons - Males - Under 10 (b aft 1800): 1 2 Free White Persons - Males - 10 thru 15 (b 1795-1800): 2 0 Free White Persons - Males - 16 thru 25 (b 1775-94): 2 0 Free White Persons - Males - 26 thru 44 (b 1766-84): 0 1 Free White Persons - Males - 45 & over (b bef 1765): 1 0 Free White Persons - Females - Under 10 (b aft 1800): 3 2 Free White Persons - Females - 26 thru 44 (b 1766-84): 1 1 Number of Household Members Under 16 (b aft 1794): 6 4 Number of Household Members Over 25 (b bef 1785): 2 2 Number of Household Members: 10 6

2 1 229 230 231 GEORGE ARMSTRONG (Alexander ) appears in the 1810, 1820, and 1830 U.S. censuses for Benton Twp. (which becomes part of Yates Co. in 1832). He was still in Benton when he filed for his 2 Revolutionary War pension on September 28, 1832. In October 1834, GEORGE applied to have his pension transferred to Sandusky Co., Ohio, stating that he now resided in that place.232 He died in or near Clyde, Sandusky Co., Ohio, on 18 May 1842.233

2 1 234 ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG (Alexander ) appears again in the 1820 and 1830 U. S. censuses for Seneca Twp. There is no record of him in the 1810 U.S. census for Ontario Co. The last reference to 2 Alexander in N.Y. is on 15 July 1832 when ALEXANDER filed an affidavit in support of his brother 2 235 2 1 GEORGE ’s for a Revolutionary War service pension. ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG (Alexander ), born in Penn., migrated from Benton to Washtenaw Co., Mich. between July 1832 (when he filed the affidavit for his brother) and Oct 1835 (when he acquired 40 acres in the area of Detroit, Mich.),236 and died at Washtenaw Co. on 9 March 1857.237

2 2 2 2 D. The Third Generation – The Children of JAMES , MARY , SARAH , GEORGE , and 2 ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG

2 1 a 2. MARY ARMSTRONG (Alexander ) was born in before 1753 in Penn. She probably died between a b 1 c 238 1790 and 1793. She m. bef 1774 EPENETUS HART who was born bef 1753 in England and

a In her Uncle Robert's will (Armstrong [1783]) he calls Mary his brother Alexander's eldest daughter. We know the date of birth of her younger sister Sarah (15 Jun 1753), so Mary was born at least in the year prior to that.

239 d 240 1 2 died between late 1801 and March 1802. (Further details on EPENETUS HART and MARY ARMSTRONG (Alexander1) and their descendants are given in Chapter 3, below.)

2 1 241 3. SARAH ARMSTRONG (Alexander ) was born 15 June 1753 probably in Cumberland Co., Penn., and died 3 September, 1841242 in Dresden, Yates Co., N.Y.243 She was buried in Evergreen 244 1 Cemetery, Dresden. She married on 31 Aug. 1779 probably at Fermanagh Twp. to JOHN S. 1 245 MCLEAN. JOHN S. was born 11 June, 1748 in County Antrim, Ireland and died on 9 August, 246 1 2 1841 in Yates Co., N.Y. (Further details on JOHN S. MCLEAN and SARAH ARMSTRONG (Alexander1) and their descendants are given in Chapter 4, below.)

2 1 e 4. JAMES ARMSTRONG (Alexander ), the oldest son, was born probably before 1757, but possibly ca 1761,f probably in Penn. His date of death is unknown but was probably after 1840.g He appears to have married, but his date of marriage and the name of his wife are unknown. She appears to have h i 2 been born 1771-1776 and to have died before 1840. JAMES ARMSTRONG appears to have had children (according to the ages of his households in the 1800-1840 censuses), but their names are not known.

2 1 j 5. GEORGE ARMSTRONG (Alexander ) was born in 1759 in Penn. He died 18 May 1842 in Clyde, k 247 2 Sandusky Co., Ohio and was buried in Wickwire Cemetery, Clyde. GEORGE married bef 1791 at probably Fermanagh Elizabeth (__?__). Elizabeth was born ca 1756l and died 17 August 1831 in Torrey, Yates Co.,248 She was buried at Mt. Pleasant Cemetery, Torrey, Yates Co.249

2 1 Children of GEORGE ARMSTRONG (Alexander ) and Elizabeth (__?__):

a 1 Mary appears in in the household of EPENETUS HART 1790Mifflin, does not appear in any known record following Epenetus’ move to New York 1793-1794. b 2 1 1774 is the approximate date of birth of their oldest son ARMSTRONG HART (Epenetus ). c 1 The year of birth of EPENETUS is a hypothesis only, based on a projected birth of his first son ca 1774 and speculating that Epenetus was at least 21 by the time he had immigrated to the American Colonies, married, and had his first child. d 1 EPENETUS appears on the 1801 tax assessment roll for Jerusalem Twp. In March 1802 bill of reviver a law 1 suit against EPENETUS is filed against his heirs stating “the said Epenetus Hart died intestate.” e He is named as Alexander's "oldest son" and the executor in his uncle Robert's 1783 will and must therefore have been at least 21 in 1783. He appears as a land owner in the 1778 tax list and was probably over 21 in 1778. See Armstrong [1783] and PennArch3XX [1898]. f The year of birth of the older male in both of the James Armstrong households in the 1830 and 1840 U. S. censuses for Seneca Twp., Ontario Co., New York is indicated as 1761-1770. See 1830Seneca and 1840Seneca. g As discussed earlier, a James Armstrong appears in each of the 1800-1840 U. S. censuses for Seneca Twp., Ontario Co., New York. h The James Armstrong households in the 1810, 1820, and 1830 U. S. censuses for Seneca Twp., Ontario Co., list an older female apparently born 1771-1775. i No older female is listed in the James Armstrong household in 1840Seneca. j The year of birth of 1759 is from FindAGrave.com. Online http://www.findagrave.com/cgi- bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=29273970. Find A Grave Memorial #29273970. In his pension application of 28 Sept. 1832, George attests that he is "upwards of seventy one years of age" which would mean that he was born before Sept. 1761. See Armstrong [1832]. k The cemetery is now known as the Avery Cemetery. l A 1987 letter from the Yates County Historical Society letter says Elizabeth “died Aug 17, 1831 aged 75 years” which implies a year of birth ca 1756. Spencer, Catharine A., Deputy Historian, Village of Penn Yan, letter. ca Feb 1987, from Yates Co. Genealogical & Historical Society, Oliver House, 200 Main St., Penn Yan New York 14527, to Yates Co. Genealogical & Historical Society.

i. James3 Armstrong (George2, Alexander1)born 20 April 1791 at Penn. and died 5 Feb 1867 at Hillsdale Co., Mich.250 He m. 14 March 1817251 in (then) Ontario Co. Mary Harris Sebring who was born 12 Oct. 1789 at Bridgewater Twp., Somerset Co., N.J. and died 26 Nov. 1874 at Allen, Hillsdale Co., Mich.252 They are both buried at Sunset View Cemetery, Jonesville, Hillsdale Co.253 James3 and Mary (Sebring) had 12 children:a Sebring who m. Mary Wise; Amelia who m. Robert Squires; Charles Weller who m. Orilla Conkrite; William H. (1818-1902) who m. 1841 Hannah Mann; David Wright (1819-1894) who m. 1844 Lucy Hale; Abraham Sebring (?-1879 who m1 Elizabeth Hatchell and m2 Mary Wise; Alexander (1822-1902) who m. Louise __?__; Nancy Jane (1823-1861) who m. 1847 John Nelson Hardy; James Harrison (1824-1864) who m. 1847 Sarah Goodwell; Elizabeth Aurelia (1827-1907) who m. 1850 John Squier; Diana A. (1830- 1879) who m. 1854 Charles R. Coryell; and John Armstrong (1831-1854) who died unmarried. ii. Sarah3 Armstrong (George2, Alexander1) born ca 1794 in Penn.b and died 30 March 1883 at Lake George, Warren Co., N.Y.254 She is buried at North Caldwell Cemetery, Lake George. 255 She married 25 May 1824256 as his second wifec Samuel Sherwood Chapman who was born 1796/7 at Fairfield Co., Conn.257 and died after 1855.d Sarah3 (Armstrong) and Samuel Sherwood Chapman had four children:e Eliza Ellen (1825-1844); James Morgan (1827-?) who m. bef 16 July 1860f Mary C. __?__; George Barnum (1829-?); and Samuel Alexander (1831-1852). iii. John Edward 3 Armstrong (George2, Alexander1) born 6 May 1796 at Penn. – died 18 Nov. 1866 at Whiteside Co., Ill.258 He is buried at Lyndon Cemetery, Whiteside Co. 259 John Edward 3 m. 7 Oct. 1818260 as his first wife Sarah Chapman who was born 12 Nov. 1792 at Fairfield Co. and died bef 1824, without issue.g John Edward3 m. 6 Oct. 1824 at Benton as his second wife Mrs. Charlotte (Gaylord) Richardson. 261 She was born ca 1796h and died 23 April 1856 at Plymouth, Marshall Co., Ind. 262 She was buried at Oak Hill Cemetery, Plymouth Co.263 John Edward 3 and Charlotte (Gaylord) (Richardson) Armstrong had eight children:i Augustus Gaylord (1825-1863) who m. Ara Ann Strong (1830-1870); 264 Alson B. (1826-1846); 265 James R. (ca 1827-?); j Sarah Adelia (1829-1915); 266 Amelia M. (18311857) who m. Reuben C. Lemmon; 267 Lydia G. (1833- 1881) who m. Daniel McDonald; 268 John G. (1835-1915) who m. Mildred Ann Ogden; 269 and Mary Elizabeth (1838-1915) who m. Tilson H. Bixby. 270 iv. Alexander3 Armstrong (George2, Alexander1) born 1798271 probably at N.Y.k and died 1820 at Torrey, Yates Co.272 He was buried at Mt. Pleasant Cemetery, Torrey. 273

a Information on children is taken from Jordan [1915:III:1684] and William “Bill” Armstrong (Vancouver, Wash.) to Carol A. Anders, letter, 16 June 1986; copied provided by recipient, 2016. b Sarah is reported as aged 56 in the 1850 census; aged 66 in the 1860 census and aged 65 in the 1870 census. See 1850Milo, p. 132-A, line 10; 1860Milo, p. 586, line 7; and 1870NYC, p.452-A, line 14. c He married on 16 March 1822 at Fairfield Co., Conn., as his first wife Eunice Banks. She died June 1823 without issue. Chapman [1854:227}; Jacobus [1930:II:1:235]. d He last appeared in the 1855 N. Y. State census for Milo, Yates Co., N.Y. See 1855Milo, pp. 571-2, line 37. e Information on children is taken from Chapman [1854:227]. f 1860Milo, p. 586, line 6, dated 16 July 1860, lists “Mary C. Chapman” as his wife. g John E.3 remarried in Oct. 1824. h She was recorded as “Charlott” [sic] aged 54 in the 1850 census. See 1850York, p. 465-B, line 16. i The first six children were apparently born in Benton, while the last two were born in Ohio according to 1850York, p. 465-B, lines 17-22. j He is listed as 23 years old in 1850York, p. 495-B, line 17. k His parents were in N.Y. by this time.

2 1 a b 6. ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG JR (Alexander ) was born 16 March 1763, probably in Penn. He married on 1 March 1781 in Northeast Madison Twp. Perry Co., Penn. as his first wife Mary Murray.274 She died sometime between 1795 and 1816.c He married 21 Apr. 1816 Grissel/Grizzel Chapman.275 She was born 20 May 1788 in Fairfield, Fairfield Co., 276 and died in 1871 in 277 2 Washtenaw Co., Mich. ALEXANDER and Grissel/Grizzel were buried at Lodi Cemetery, Saline, Washtenaw Co.., Mich.

2 d The children of ALEXANDER and Mary (Murray) ARMSTRONG JR: i. John D. 3Armstrong (Alexander2, Alexander1) was born ca 1798e 278 in Ontario Co., N.Y.,279 and died 3 August 1864 at Lodi, Washtenaw Co., Mich.280 John married at N.Y. Elvira Grover, who was born in 1806 in N.Y.,281 and died 13 December 1882 in Lodi, Washtenaw, Mich.282 John and Elvira had at least nine children: f 283 Martha (b. 1826/30-d. 1842); Sarah (b. ca 1832); Leander (b. ca 1834); Emily (b. ca 1835-d. 1846); Jeannette (b. ca 1838); Mary C. (b. ca 1843); Emily (b. ca 1848); James A. (b. ca 1850); and Agnes (b. ca 1850-d. 1932). ii. James W. 3 Armstrong was born ca 1801 in Ontario Co., N.Y. g 284

2 ALEXANDER and Grissel/Grizzle (Chapman) ARMSTRONG JR may have had up to seven children, of whom the following five have been identified: iii. George S. 3 Armstrong3 (Alexander2, Alexander1). Born 21 February, 1817 in Seneca Twp., Ontario Co., N.Y. and died 28 October, 1866 in Washtenaw Co., Mich.285 George married in Washtenaw Co., Mich. Mary E. Dodge. 286 George S. 3 and Mary had at least four children: Frank c. (b. ca 1855), Clara D. (b. ca 1858), Emma J. (b. ca 1861), and George (b. ca 1866).287 iv. Elizabeth3 Armstrong (Alexander2, Alexander1). Born 2 April 1819 in Seneca Twp., Ontario Co., N.Y. and died 12 August, 1902 in Fillmore, Millard Co., Utah. Elizabeth married 9 April 1827 Washtenaw Co., Mich. Hyrum/Hiram Mace, born 5 May 1811 in Aurelius Station, Cayuga Co., N.Y. and died on 28 August, 1896 in Fillmore, Millard Co., Utah. 288 Hiram and Elizabeth3 (Armstrong) Mace had at least eleven children.289 v. Hezekiah3 R. Armstrong (Alexander2, Alexander1). Born 5 May 1822 in Seneca, Ontario Co., N.Y. and died unmarried 24 August 1849 in Lodi, Washtenaw Co., Mich., unmarried.290 vi. Emily J. 3 Armstrong (Alexander2, Alexander1). Born 1828 in Seneca, Ontario Co., N.Y. and died 8 July, 1898 in Easton, Ionia Co., Mich. She married firstly on 22 January 1850 in Washtenaw Co., Mich. Matthew W. Armstrong, who was born in 1818 in N.Y. and died in

a Date is from Find A Grave Memorial #57325001. In his affidavits for Armstrong [1832] and McLean [1832] Alexander2 gives his age as “upwards of seventy years.” Based on the U.S. censuses 1820Seneca and 1830Seneca, he was born between 1761 and 1770. b His father seems to have been in Penn. by this time. c 2 3 2 ALEXANDER ’s son James W . was born ca 1801. ALEXANDER remarried in 1816. d 2 ALEXANDER and Mary (Murray) ARMSTRONG may have had up to four children, of whom two have been identified. 1800Seneca (p. 500, Line 8) shows an adult couple (45 or more years old) and probably three children. 1820Seneca (p. 270, line 18) shows one adult male (45 or more) and possibly five children. e His tombstone says that he was aged 66 years when he died on 3 August 1864. His family was living in Ontario Co. at the time. f Information regarding children is taken from the 1820 and 1830 U. S. censuses for Seneca Twp., Ontario Co., N.Y. (see 1820Seneca and 1830 Seneca); the 1840, 1850, and 1860 U. S. censuses for Lodi, Washtenaw Co., Mich. g His parents were living in Ontario Co., N.Y. at the time of his birth. His tombstone says that he was aged 66 years when he died on 3 August 1864.

1859 in Ionia, Ionia Co., Mich. She married secondly on 5 July 1862 in Washtenaw Co., Mich., George Wurster (as his first wife), born in 1837 in Germany and died 3 July 1910 in Ionia Co., Mich.291 Matthew and Emily J. 3 (Armstrong) Armstrong had four children: Alice (b. 1852), Adelaide (b. 1854), Theodore (b. 1856), and Matthew (b. 1857).292 George and Emily J. 3 (Armstrong) (Armstrong) Wurster had two children: Mary E. (b. 1864-d. 1904) and a son (b. 1857-d. 1857).293 vii. Alexander3 J. Armstrong (Alexander2, Alexander1). Born ca 1830 in Seneca Twp., Ontario Co., N.Y.a

E. The ARMSTRONG Family Moves Westward Before 1840

1 Four of the known children of ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG SR moved from Penn. to N.Y. ca 1795 2 2 2 2 b 2 2 (JAMES , GEORGE , ALEXANDER , and SARAH ). Two of the sons ALEXANDER and GEORGE moved on westward with their families in the 1830s.

2 1 5. GEORGE ARMSTRONG (Alexander )

2 3 GEORGE ARMSTRONG moved from Benton Twp. to Sandusky Co., Ohio with two of his sons, James and John Edward3, and their families sometime between 23 September, 1832 (when he filed for his Revolutionary War pension)294 and 31 October 1834 (when he asked that his pension be transferred to c 2 3 Ohio). GEORGE ’s daughter remained behind in Yates Co.: his daughter Sarah who married Samuel Sherwood Chapman. Sandusky was a natural harbor that had developed with the introduction of steamers on Lake Erie in 1818. 2 GEORGE ARMSTRONG and his sons may have traveled from Buffalo up Lake Erie to Sandusky by boat, as the Howard family had traveled to western Ohio, a decade earlier. Figure 40: Harbor of Sandusky, Ohio in 1846295

In the 1840 U.S. census for York Township, Sandusky Co. we find James3 296 and John Edward3 297 each 2 3’ listed in their own households. GEORGE is in his son James s household (listed by name as a veteran on

a See 1850Washtenaw. Unknown [1891:771] says that only two children of Alexander2 and Grizzle (Chapman) Armstrong, were alive at the time it was published in 1891 – Emily and Elizabeth. b 2 1 MARY (ARMSTRONG) HART may have died in Penn. before her husband EPENETUS HART and family moved to N.Y. c George's Rev. War pension application file #S12005 contains the record of his 31 Oct 1834 request to have his pension transferred from New York to Sandusky, OH. See Armstrong [1832]. His wife, Elizabeth __?__ died in 1831 in Yates Co.

2 p. 2 of the household listing). GEORGE died on 18 May 1842 in Clyde and was buried there. However, both of his sons eventually migrated on westward. Sometime after his father died in 1842, James3 Armstrong and his family moved on, and by 1850 was living in Allen Twp., Hillsdale Co., Mich. 298 2 Allen Twp. is not that far from Washtenaw Co., where his uncle, ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG had settled by the mid 1830’s.a Figure 41 shows the proximity of York in Ohio to Hillsdale Co. and Washtenaw Co. James3 lived in Hillsdale Co. until he died 5 Feb. 1867. Figure 41: Map Showing Counties of Northwestern Ohio and Southeastern Michigan and Migration of James3 Armstrong 299

2 ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG

3 York James Armstrong Migration

John Edward3 Armstrong remained in York until the 1850s. By 1860 he had moved to Nest Township, Marshall Co., Ind.300 and a few years later to Lyndon, Whiteside Co., Ill., where he died 28 Nov. 1866.301

2 1 6. ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG JR (Alexander )

2 ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG JR left Benton sometime between 15 July 1832 (when he signed an 2 affidavit in support of his brother GEORGE ’s pension application) and 15 Oct. 1835 when he homesteaded land in Michigan. 302 He settled in Washtenaw Co., Michigan (Mich.) where he appears in 303 2 the 1840 U.S. census for Freedom Twp. ALEXANDER probably moved westward around the same 2 2 time as his brother GEORGE and perhaps ALEXANDER stopped first in Sandusky Co., Ohio, with his 2 brother, but this is unknown. ALEXANDER lived in Washtenaw Co. until his death 9 March 1857. His wife Grissel/Grizzel (Chapman) Armstrong continued to live in Washtenaw Co. until her death in 1871.304

a As discussed in Chapter 1, Rose [1986] has shown that nearly half of all of the settlers to south central Mich. (including Hillsdale Co.) in this period were originally from N.Y. There may have been others from Yates Co. known to James3 Armstrong who moved to Hillsdale Co.

2 2 The brothers GEORGE and ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG moved to Ohio and Michigan respectively in 2 the 1830s and settled their families there. Their brother JAMES appears to have remained in the Ontario and Yates county area. The primary locations of the movements out of N.Y. of the second generation of the Armstrong family are shown in Figure 42, below.

2 2 1 Figure 42: Migrations of GEORGE (1832-1834) and ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG (Alexander ) (1832-1835) Westward from Yates Co., N.Y. to Sandusky Co., Ohio and Washtenaw Co., Mich. 305

1832-1835 Alexander

1795-1799 All

1832-1834 George

2 2 The third generation of the Armstrong family (the children of GEORGE and ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG) continued the tradition of their grandfather and fathers and spread further – in more areas of Mich.,a further west to Whiteside Co., Ill.,b Boone Co., Mo.,c and Millard Co. Utah,d as well as eastward to Warren Co., N.Y.e This dispersion of the third generation of the Armstrong family is shown in Figure 43, below.

a James3 and Mary Harris (Sebring) Armstrong (George2, Alexander1) moved from Sandusky Co., Ohio to Hillsdale Co. Mich. in 1840-50. George and Emily Jane3 (Armstrong) Wurster (Alexander2, Alexander1) moved from Washtenaw Co., Mich. to Ionia Co., Mich. sometime after 1862. b John Edward3 and Charlotte (Gaylord) Armstrong (George2, Alexander1) left Sandusky Co. sometime after 1850 and moved first to Marshall Co. Ind., where Charlotte died and then to Whiteside Co., Ill., where John Edward3 died in 1866. c Alexander J.3 and Catherine E. (Turck) Armstrong (Alexander2, Alexander1) moved from Mich. to Boone Co., Mo. sometime between 1850 and 1860. d Hyrum/Hiram and Elizabeth Millicent3 (Armstrong) Mace (Alexander2, Alexander1) moved from Washtenaw Co. to Pottawattamie Co., Iowa sometime between 1847 and 1848 and then on to Millard Co., Utah in 1852. e Sarah Millicent3 (Armstrong) Chapman (George2, Alexander1) moved with her son James Morgan Chapmen from Yates Co. to New York City sometime between 1860 and 1870 and then apparently died in Warren Co., N.Y. in 1883.

1 Figure 43: Spread of the Descendants of ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG from Fermanagh Twp. to Ontario and Yates Counties, N.Y., and Onward 306

We have a number of loose ends regarding the early generations of Armstrongs in the general area of central Penn. in the first half of the eighteenth century. • Which or and how are the various “Juniata” Armstrong families enumerated by Armstrong [1902] and Ellis & Hungerford [1886] related to the Fermanagh Armstrongs? Some of these relationships are confirmed in the present study and some are posited based on the preponderance of the available evidence. Some remain to be sorted.

1 • Who was the patriarch of the Armstrong family that included the three brothers, ROBERT , 1 1 GEORGE and ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG and the sisters? The present study has made no significant progress on this. It is not clear if it is one of the earlier Armstrongs identified in Armstrong [1902] and Ellis & Hungerford [1886].

1 • Who were the parents of the Elizabeth Armstrong that married THOMAS HOWARD and the Sarah 1 Armstrong that JOHN S. MCLEAN married? The present study has posited the relationships shown in Figure 8, above.

1 • What happened to ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG? When did he die and was he still in Penn.? This study has not resolved this, but assumes that he did not migrate to N.Y. with his sons. • What is the correct separation of the two James Armstrongs who appear in Ontario Co., N.Y. in 2 the period 1799-1840? Which record (census, tax list) one is for the Fermanagh JAMES ARMSTRONG and which one is for James Armstrong, son of Martin from N.J.? This study found too little evidence by which to distinguish the Penn. James from the N.J. James.

2 • What was the name of the first wife ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG? Was is Mary, Margaret, Mary Margaret, or did he have three wives in total: 1) Mary Murray, 2) Margaret (__?__)m and 3) Grissel/Grizzel Chapman? This question remains unresolved.

1 CHAPTER 3 THE FAMILY OF EPENETUS HART

1 Nothing is known of the ancestors of EPENETUS HART, other than Ellis & Hungerford’s comment, 307 a "Epenetus Hart, an Englishman ..." The first three generations of the family beginning with 1 EPENETUS are shown in Appendix B.

1 b 308 2 c EPENETUS HART was born before 1739, probably in England. He married MARY ARMSTRONG 1 d e 309 (Alexander ) before 1774, probably at (then) Cumberland Co. He died in late 1801 or early 1802.

1 2 1 f The children of EPENETUS HART and MARY (ARMSTRONG) Hart (Alexander ):

2 1. i. ARMSTRONG HART. He was born ca 1774 at (then) Cumberland Co. and died on 24 Dec. 1829 at Franklin Co., Missouri (Mo.). He married ca 1795-1798 probably at (then) Ontario Co. as his first wife Susan RIGGS. She was born ca 1778 and died ca 1822-3. He married ca 1822/3 at Franklin Co., as his second wife and her second husband, Nancy (TODD) MURPHY. She was born ca 1790 at Rowan Co., N.C. and died aft 1870, at Mo.

2 2. iii. ELIZABETH “BETSY” HART. She was born bef 1799 at Fermanagh Twp. and died 3 Dec. 1817 at Flint Creek, Ontario Co. She married in 1795 at Geneva as his first wife John Griffin. He was born in 1774 at Salisbury, Litchfield Co., Conn. and died on 6 Feb. 1846 at Cuba, Allegany Co., N.Y.

2 3. ii. AMY (AMI) HART. She was born on 7 Jan. 1779 at (then) Cumberland Co. and died on 13 Dec. 1862 at Yates Co. She married in 1795 at Geneva, Ontario Co. Richard Montgomery Williams. He was born on 17 March 1776 at Huntington, Long Island Co., N.U. and died on 4 June 1837 at Middlesex (now Potter Twp), Ontario Co.

2 4. iv. JONATHAN HART. He was born in 1784 at Fermanagh Twp. and died on 5 Nov. 1816 in Canandaigua, Ontario Co. He married Susan (__?__). She was born ca 1787 and died on 29 Nov. 1851 in Ontario Co.

2 5. v. MARY HART. She was born on 24 Jan 1787 at Fermanagh Twp. and died on 4 July 1822 at (then) Ontario Co. She married in 1815 at Ontario Co. as his second wife William Shattuck. He was born on 26 Dec. 1784 at Guildford, Windham Co., Vt. and died on 14 March 1871 at Cattaraugus Co., N.Y.

2 6. vi. THOMAS HART. He was born 1780-1784 at Fermanagh Twp. and died after 1810.

a The name “Epenetus” is rare. It appears spelled or transcribed many different ways in the 18th century documents, including among others: Epenetus, Epinetus, Epenitus, Epenites, Epenatus, Ephenetus, Epenetres, Epenetus, Chenetus, and Epenstus. b 1 The date of birth hypothesis is based on Jordan’s [1915:158] mention of EPENETUS ’s being in the Fermanagh area (Fayette Twp.) by at least 1760, and assumes that he was at least 21 years old by the time he had immigrated to the American Colonies and settled in Fayette twp.. c 1 The only mention of EPENETUS ’s wife’s name occurs when a “Mary Hart” witnessed the 1783 will of 1 ROBERT ARMSTRONG. Nothing is known of her birth or death. d 2 This date is based on the estimated date of birth of first their child, ARMSTRONG HART. e 1 EPENETUS appeared in the 1801 tax assessment roll for Jerusalem, Ontario Co. In 1800 a law suit was filed against him by Charles Williamson and in March 1802 a bill of reviver is filed for this case, naming his heirs as defendants, because “the said Epenetus Hart died intestate …” Thus, he died between the date of the 1801 tax assessment and March 1802. f Fact sources are given in the more detailed presentations later in this chapter.

2 7. vii. EPENETUS HART [Jr.]. He was born bef 1790 probably at Fermanagh Twp. viii. Unknown2 (son) HART. He was born bef 1790. ix. Unknown2 (daughter) HART. She was born bef 1790.

A. The HART Family in Pennsylvania ca 1756 to 1793

1 EPENETUS HART lived in (then) Cumberland Co. (later Mifflin Co., now Juniata Co.), Penn. between roughly 1756/60 310 and 1793.a 311 He was mentioned in a number of land transactions, either as a principal, or by reference as owning land adjoining that of others. In some cases, we find him mentioned in land transactions with members of three of the other four families (Armstrong, Howard and McLean). 1 EPENETUS also appears in multiple annual censuses and supply rate and tax lists of various townships of Cumberland Co., Penn. from at least 1778 through 1790. Both his land transactions and his appearances in the various supply rate and tax assessment lists allow us to track his roughly thirty-seven years of residence along the Juniata River.

1 A passage from Ellis & Hungerford [1838:838-9] is the most extensive account of EPENETUS ’s life.

1 312 Figure 44: Passage from Ellis & Hungerford [1838] on EPENETUS HART

“Epenetus Hart, an Englishman, was a resident [in Fermanagh] in 1776, and in 1778 took out his warrant for one hundred and fifty acres of land. He was in sympathy with the settlers who organized for the protection of the frontiers in May, 1780, as his name appears among them. In 1786 he built on the place a distillery, which he continued as long as he lived there. On the 6th of November, 1787, he warranted a tract of one hundred and ninety-seven acres of land in Beaver Dam township (now Beaver, Union County), adjoining other lands of which he was in possession and lands of Alexander and Margaret Armstrong. On the same date he also warranted a tract of land (one hundred and twenty acres) in what is now Walker township, and which in 1827 was owned by Michael Bashore. On the 7th of April, 1791, he sold the tract on which he lived to Robert McMeen, who came from old settled parts of Cumberland County, where his family had for many years been prominent. … The name of Epenetus Hart is not found in the records of the county from the time of the sale, in 1791, and he probably moved to his lands in Beaver Dam township.”

1 1 EPENETUS HART was named co-executor of ROBERT ARMSTRONG 's will dated 24 Jun 1783, along 1 2 1 2 with ROBERT ’s nephew, JAMES (Alexander ). Epenetus’ wife, MARY (ARMSTRONG) HART 1 313 1 (Alexander ) witnessed the will. That Epenetus’s wife, Mary was the daughter of ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG is based on two circumstances from this will:

1 1 1 1. ROBERT ARMSTRONG probably chose EPENETUS to be a co-executor and EPENETUS ’s wife, Mary, to witness the will, probably because he considered them reasonably close family 1 2 1 members; just as ROBERT chose his nephew JAMES ARMSTRONG (Alexander ) to serve as co- 1 executor with EPENETUS . 1 2 1 2. ROBERT makes a bequest to MARY , the “eldest daughter” of his brother, ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG.

a The last record of his presence in Penn.

However, there appears to be no direct proof that the two Mary’s are the same person. Figure 46, below, contains a chronological listing of the documentary passages, land transactions, supply 1 rate and tax assessment listings and census enumerations which specifically identify EPENETUS HART and link him with a specific location is provided in. The map in Figure 45 summarizes the records as to where he lived in when. In the period 1756-1793, new townships were created from earlier ones. Fermanagh was one of the earliest (created ca 1754) and was divided several times

1 a 314 Figure 45: Recorded Locations for EPENETUS HART in Penn. 1756/60 – 1793

Milford 1774-89 Fermanagh 1756/60-93

Beaver Dam 1787

His presence (probably as his primary residence), in Fermanagh Twp. (now) Juniata Co., is clear starting as early as 1776 315 and through 1793, just prior to his departure for New York. He owned land in several townships and counties, but was clearly rooted in Fermanagh Twp. In some years, he was listed in two different townships. In those multi-township cases where one transaction lists land and livestock and the other only land, these are interpreted as the former being his actual residence and the latter being land owned for agricultural pursuits or speculation and on which he did not live.

1 EPENETUS appears in land warrants, patents and survey records for Cumberland Co., Penn. between 1778 and 1792. The process for obtaining land in Pennsylvania involved a 3-part process and often took many years to complete: b 316 (1) The prospective landowner had to file an application for land in fairly specific terms. When the Land Office received the application, they issued a warrant, or an order to have the desired tract surveyed. The applicant had to pay a fee for this warrant and became known as the warrantee. The loose warrant was copied into a ledger called a Warrant Register, which for the period 1733- 1957 are filed by countyc and are on file at Pennsylvania State Archives in Harrisburg (also online).

a Fayette Twp. was created from part of Fermanagh Twp. in 1833. b The over view of Penn. land records posted by the Pennsylvania Historical & Museum Commission at http://www.phmc.pa.gov/Archives/Research-Online/Pages/Land-Records-Overview.aspx#.VumgAvkrKUl is an outstanding introduction to land records, in general, and gateway to those retained by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. c It is important to note that original warrants are filed in the county as it existed and was named at the time the survey was made, not necessarily in the county where location is today.

(2) The next step was to pay a fee for the survey and wait until a deputy surveyor could be assigned to do the work. The results of the survey were returned to the Land Office with a precise description and map of the tract, nearly always including the names of the neighbors who owned the adjacent tracts. These loose surveys have been copied chronologically into Survey Books. The Survey Books for the period 1681-1912 are numbered in alphabetic order across the entire Penn Colony or later, the Commonwealth, and are on file at the Pennsylvania State Archives in Harrisburg (also online). (3) The last step was to pay yet another fee to the colony or state and receive the final title which was called a patent. This is the official deed transferring ownership from the colony or state to the individual. He or she now became the patentee. Again, the patents were copied into ledgers called Patent Registers in chronological order. These Registers for the period 1684-1839 are numbered in various series and are on file at the Pennsylvania State Archives in Harrisburg (also online).

1 Figure 46: Chronological Listing of Documented Residences of EPENETUS HART in Pennsylvania

1. ca 1756-1760 – (then) Fermanagh Twp., Cumberland Co. 1 The earliest date found for EPENETUS HART in Penn. is ca 1756-1760 and comes from the statement 1 by Jordan [1913:I:158] that EPENETUS was a “pioneer” in the part of Fermanagh Twp. that eventually became Fayette Twp. a 317 2. 1774 - Milford Twp., Cumberland Co. 1 The next earliest date found for EPENETUS lists “Epenites [sic] Hart” as a resident of Milford Twp., Cumberland Co. (now Juniata Co.) in 1774.318 3. ca 1775 - Milford Twp., Cumberland Co. 1 EPENETUS HART is mentioned as being an early settler (ca 1775) at Milford Twp., Cumberland Co. (now Juniata Co.), Penn.b 4. 1776 - Fermanagh Twp., Cumberland Co. “Epenetus Hart, an Englishman, was a resident [in Fermanagh] in 1776…”319 5. 1778 - Milford Twp., Cumberland Co. First State Tax of Cumberland County for the Year 1778. Line 18 - Hart, Epenetus (37 Acres, 0 Negroes, 1 Horse, 1 Cattle, Tax: 3.15.0) 320 6. 1778 – Fermanagh Twp., Cumberland Co. “Epenetus Hart … in 1778 took out his warrant for one hundred and fifty acres of land.”c 321 7. 1779 - Milford Twp., Cumberland Co. Cumberland County Supply Rates: 1779. Line 23 - Hartt [sic], Epenatus [sic] (196 Acres, 0 Horses, 0 Cattle, 0 Negroes) 322 8. 1780 - Milford Twp., Cumberland Co.

a Jordan does not give an exact date for his arrival, but this statement is in the context of early settlement in the area beginning 1756. Fayette was not actually created until 1833-4 when it was formed from parts of Fermanagh and Greenwood townships. b Per Egle [1880:811]: "By the time of the revolutionary War there had been many additional families settled in 1 [Juniata] county, among whom we may name .. in Milford .. EPENETUS HART.” c There seems not to be any other documentation of this transaction in the Penn. State Archives land files.

Cumberland County Supply Rates: 1780. Line 38 - Hart, Epenetus (208 Acres, 0 Horses, 0 Cattle, 0 Negroes) 323 1 [1782 – EPENETUS is recorded in two townships in the 1782 County Transcript - Fermanagh and Milford. Since the Fermanagh transcript shows he has both land (149 acres) and livestock in Fermanagh and only 12 acres without livestock in Milford, it is assumed that Fermanagh was his main residence.] 9. 1782 – Fermanagh Twp., Cumberland Co. Cumberland County Transcript: 1782. Line 5 - Hart, Epenetus (149 Acres, 3 Horses, 4 Cattle, 0 Negroes) 324 10. 1782 – Milford Twp., Cumberland Co. County Transcript: 1782. Line 42 - Hart, Epenetus (12 Acres, 0 Horses, 0 Cattle, 0 Negroes) 325 11. 1785 - Fermanagh Twp., Cumberland Co. Cumberland County Transcript: 1785. Line 4 - Hart, Epenetus (150 Acres, 3 Horses, 4 Cattle, 0 Negroes) 326 12. 1785 - Fermanagh Twp., Cumberland Co. 1785 State Tax. p. 3, line 1 - Epenetur [sic] Hart 1-2-2 327 13. 14 Nov 1785 – “Hartsbury”, Cumberland Co. 1 EPENETUS patented 157 acres 40 perches, land warranted on 4 June 1762 by Hugh Alexander, et al 328 14. 1786 - Fermanagh Twp., Cumberland Co. 1786 State Tax. p. 2, line 36 - Epinetus [sic] Hart 1-2-3 329 15. 1786 - Fermanagh Twp., Cumberland Co. Cumberland County Transcript: 1786. P. 5, line 4 – Hart, Epenetus (149 Acres, 3 Horses, 3 Cows, 1 Still) 330 16. 1787 - Fermanagh Twp., Cumberland Co. 1787 State Tax. p. 3, line 10 - Epenetus Hart 0-19-6 331 17. 1787 - Fermanagh Twp., Cumberland Co. 1787 Supply Rates. p. 5, line 6 – Epinetus [sic] Hiatt [sic] (149 Acres, 2 Horses, 3 Cows, 1 Still) 332 18. 20 Feb 1787 - Fermanagh Twp., Cumberland Co. Warrant “Fifty Acres of Land, adjoining Alexander Armstrong on the East, Peter Lintner on the West and said Hart's other land on the North in Fermanagh Twp.."333 19. 9 March 1787 – Hart’s Grove, Fermanagh Twp., Cumberland Co. Warrant "Fifty Acres of Land, adjoining Alexander Armstrong on the East, Peter Lintner on the West and said Hart's other land on the North in Fermanagh Twp.."334 20. Oct 1787 - Epenetus Hart’s house is mentioned in the context of an Oct. 1787 document regarding a road for Milford and Fermanagh townships.335 21. 6 Nov 1787 - Fermanagh Twp., Cumberland Co. Warrant “One hundred acres of Land, adjoining William Stretch late Cox on the North and Thomas Hunter on the East in Fermanagh Twp.."336

22. 6 Nov 1787 – Mill Creek Valley, Beaver Dam Twp. (later Plymouth Twp.), Northumberland Co.: Warrant and Survey.a Warrant Text: “Whereas Epenetus Hart of the Couth of --- has requested to take up two hundred acres of land, including an improvement in Middle Creek Valley in the forks of Middle Creek bounded on the North branch of said Creek over the Black Oak ridge to a barren ridge on the Said of said Black Oak ridge in the County of Northumberland...”; 337 Survey Text: “A draught of a tract of land situate on the North branch of Middle Creek adjoining Alexander & Margaret Armstrong and others in Beaver Dam Twp., Northd county, surveyed April the 5th 1788 for Ephenetus [sic] Hart by virtu_ [sic] of his warrant bearing date Novr the 6th 1787. Containing One hundred and ninety-seven acres & allowance of 6 p. c. for rodes [sic] etc. Frdk Evans D. S.”338 23. 1788 - Fermanagh Twp., Cumberland Co. 24. 1788 State Tax. p. 3, line 21 – Chenetus [sic] Hart 1-3-9 339

1 [1788 – EPENETUS is recorded in three townships in the 1788 County Transcript Supply Rates List – Fermanagh Twp., Greenwood Twp., and Milford Twp. Since the transcript shows he has land, livestock and a still in Fermanagh; 200 acres without livestock in Greenwood and no tax assessed; and 7 acres with no livestock in Milford. It is again assumed that Fermanagh was his main residence.] 25. 1788 - Fermanagh Twp., Cumberland Co. 1788 Supply Rates. p. 5, line 1 – Epenetres [sic] Hart (149 Acres, 60 Acres, 2 Horses, 3 Cows, 1 Still) 340 26. 1788 – Greenwood Twp., Cumberland Co. 1788 Supply Rates. p. 4, line 15 – Epenetus Hart (200 Acres) 341 27. 1788 – Milford Twp., Cumberland Co. 1788 Supply Rates. p. 4, line 12 – Epenstus [sic] Hart (7 Acres) 342 1 [1789 - EPENETUS is again recorded in two townships in 1782: the County Transcript of Supply Rates and State Tax Lists for Fermanagh; and the Warranted Land Tax for Milford. Since the Fermanagh transcript shows he has both land (149 acres) and livestock in Fermanagh and only 12 acres without livestock in Milford. Again, it is assumed that Fermanagh was his main residence.] 28. 1789 - Fermanagh Twp., Cumberland Co. 1789 State Tax. p. 3, line 17 – Epenetus Hart 1-4-5 343 29. 1789 - Fermanagh Twp., Cumberland Co. 1789 Supply Rates. p. 5, line 10 – Epenetres [sic] Hart (149 Acres, 60 Acres, 2 Horses, 5 Cows) 344 30. 1789 – Milford Twp., Cumberland Co. 1789 Supply Rates. p. 9, line 6 – Epenetus Hart (12 Acres) 345 31. 1789 - Milford Twp., Cumberland Co. 1789 Warranted Lands Tax, p. 6, line 9 – Epenetus Hart 346

a This 6 Nov 1787 warrant for land in Northumberland Co. is interesting. Ellis & Hungerford [1886:838-9] refer 1 to this transaction and then, when they found no further record of EPENETUS in Fermanagh Twp after 1791, speculated, “…he probably moved to his lands in Beaver Dam township.” Only a month later, on 7 December 1787, 1 ARMSTRONG ARMSTRONG and Margaret Armstrong were warranted 200 acres at the same location, “adjoining 1 1 land of Epenetus Hart.” Then, on 14 January 1788, THOMAS HOWARD, JOHN S. MCLEAN, and GEORGE2 ARMSTRONG were jointly awarded a warrant for three hundred acres of land “joining Epenetus Hart's land”.

32. 1790 – (Unknown township), (then) Mifflin Co.: 1790 U. S. Census 347 33. 27 April 1790 – Fermanagh Twp., (then) Mifflin Co. “A certain tract of land, situate in Fermanagh township, on which is erected a good barn and other valuable improvements. Seized and taken in execution, as the property of Epenetus Hart, and to be sold by Thomas Buchanan, Sheriff.” 348 34. 7 April 1791 - Fermanagh Twp., (then) Mifflin Co. “"On the 7th of April, 1791 [Epenetus Hart] sold the tract on which he lived to Robert McMeen ..." 349 35. 24 Aug 1791 – Hart’s Grove, Fermanagh Twp., Mifflin Co. This is the Patent record for 55 acres, 120 perches, Warranted 9 March 1787, Patented 24 August 1791. 350 36. 30 June 1792 – Fermanagh Twp., (then) Mifflin Co.a Epenetus Hart & Mary his wife of Fermanagh Twp. to James Harris: For £ 525 sell 73 1/2 acres adjoining Moses Reed, Agnes Muchelwaine, and Wm McCoy which William McCoy & Phebe his wife conveyed to Epenetus Hart on June 30, 1792.351 37. 25 July 1793 – Fermanagh Twp., Mifflin Co. Newspaper announcement (see below) 352

1 2 Four sons and three daughters of EPENETUS and MARY (ARMSTRONG) HART have been identified by name, all of whom were presumably born in Penn., probably in Fermanagh, (then) Cumberland Co.b Additionally, based on information on the “Epenetus Hart” household in the 1790 U. S. census for Mifflin Co., two unknown children (one son and one daughter) have been posited, for whom no other record exists and who may have died before Epenetus and Mary moved to N.Y. It is possible that the other 10 1 353 individuals enumerated in EPENETUS ’s household in the 1790 census were not all his wife and their children. It was not uncommon for households to contain more than just a husband, wife and their own children. Other residents might include his or his wife’s relatives, workers, or boarders. Detail from the 1790 census is shown in Figure 47.

1 Figure 47: Detail of Enumeration for EPENETUS HART from 1790 U. S. Census, Mifflin Co., Penn.354

2 2 Free White Persons - Males - Under 16: 4 [aft 1774] THOMAS b 1780-4, JONATHAN b 2 2 1784, EPENETUS , UNKNOWN 2 1 Free White Persons - Males - 16 and over: 2 [bef 1774] ARMSTRONG b ca 1774 EPENETUS 2 2 2 Free White Persons - Females: 5 MARY (ARMSTRONG), ELIZABETH, AMY, 2 2 MARY, UNKNOWN Number of Household Members: 11

a I am grateful to Phillip E. Bedient, PhD, for informing me of this deed. b 1 Aside from documents and other sources elsewhere cited, in identifying the children of EPENETUS HART 2 1 and MARY (ARMSTRONG) HART (Alexander ), the following were helpful: Conybeare, Sherry, "Family Group Sheet for Epenetus and Mary HART." St. Joseph, MI. No date. Conybeare, Sherry. Email message to the author, "Armstrong HART." 11 Oct. 2014. Shelby-Wiscombe, Susan Diane. “Epenetus HART.” Gedcom file. 5 Aug 2001.

The 1790 U. S. census offers no information to solve the question of who the ten individuals were in the 1 household, in addition to EPENETUS HART himself. An analysis of various possibilities does seem to offer some definitive guidance, however (at least in ruling some out): • There are no records of any other Harts living in Fermanagh in in either the 1790 U. S. census for Mifflin Co., in the immediately prior years in the Penn. state tax assessment lists, or in land transactions. This increases the probability that all of the couple’s children were living with them at the time, though it doesn’t “prove” anything. 2 • Could one or more of MARY ’s younger siblings have been living with them? All of her known 2 male siblings would have been adults by 1790. Her youngest brother, ALEXANDER 1 2 ARMSTRONG (Alexander ), would have been about 27 at the time. MARY ’s older sister, Sarah 1 was already married to JOHN S. MCLEAN in 1779 and would have undoubtedly been living in his household at the time of the 1790 census (also apparently next door). Thus, there is a low 2 probability of a sibling of MARY boardingin the household. 1 • There has never been any evidence of a sibling of EPENETUS anywhere in the area in the rough period ca 1756-1795 in which he has been identified as living in Penn., thus reducing that probability as well. • This leaves the possibility that the household could have had boarders or workers such as a farmhand or a maid living with them which can’t be ruled out.

1 All of EPENETUS ’s children were probably born in Pennsylvania and were probably born during his early days in Milford Twp. (1774-1775) or in Fermanagh Twp. (1756/60-1793). Birthdates are unknown or only estimated for three of his seven known children, but all of the four with known birth dates fall into the period 1774-1787.

1 355 The last reference to EPENETUS HART in Penn. is a newspaper announcement dated July 25, 1793 in which he advertises a reward for the return of a lost or stolen horse. He lists his address as Fermanagh Twp., but it seems that the horse had been pastured in Northumberland Co., possibly on or near the land 1 that EPENETUS bought there in 1787 in Beaver Dam.

“Eight Dollars Reward. Strayed or stolen out of the pasture of Mr. Rhoads, on Penns-creek, Northumberland county, on the night of 19 instant, a BAY HORSE, fifteen hands high; stout and well made, lean in flesh, shod all around, a small star, a small white round one of his ears occasioned by tying a thread round the same, a small speck in his off eye, occasioned by a stroke; about 12 years old, and a natural trotter. Whoever takes up said horse and thief (if stolen) shall receive the above reward, or for the hose only, 4 dollars on the delivery of him, and all reasonable expenses. EPENETUS HART, Fermanagh township, Mifflin county, July 25th, 1793.” 356

1 It seems that EPENETUS HART left Penn. sometime between the second half of 1793 (after the lost horse announcement above) and late 1794 when he first appears in a land transaction New York.

1 B. Revolutionary War Service of EPENETUS HART 1777 – 1782

1 Published records show that EPENETUS HART served in the Cumberland Co., Penn. militia on at least six occasions between 1777 and 1782 as identified in Figure 48, below.

1 Figure 48: Revolutionary War Units/Service in the Cumberland Co. Militia of EPENETUS HART 1777-1782a 357

1776 1777 1778 1779 1780 1781 1782 1 Epenetus HART 6 12,13 18 26,30 Key to Units in Figure 48 6 Capt. John Hamilton's Co., Roll of 5th Class Militia, Cumberland County, October 1777 2 358 [Fermanagh Twp.] – Private, served with Pvt. JAMES ARMSTRONG. 12 Capt. John Hamilton's Co., “2 months and 2 days”, 20 Jan - 30 March 1778 [Fermanagh Twp.] 2 359 – Sergeant, served with Sgt. JAMES ARMSTRONG. 13 4th Battalion, Fifth Class, Capt. John Hamilton's Co., January 1778 [Fermanagh Twp.] – 2 360 Private, served with JAMES ARMSTRONG. 18 7th Battalion, 1st Company, Commanded by Col. Purdy, Capt. Hugh McAlister's Co., 1 May 2 2 1780 [Fermanagh Twp.] – Lieutenant, served with JAMES ARMSTRONG, GEORGE 1 361 ARMSTRONG, and JOHN S. MCLEAN. 26 Capt. David Boal's Payroll, June 22 - August 29, 1782 (unit not identified) [Greenwood Twp.] 1 1 362 – Lieutenant, served with Privates THOMAS HOWARD and ANTHONY II TRIMMER. 30 7th Battalion, 2nd Class, Commanded by Col. James Purdy, Capt. Hugh McAlister's Co., 1 August 24, 1782 [Fermanagh Twp.] – Lieutenant, served with Privates THOMAS HOWARD 1 363 and ANTHONY II TRIMMER. 1 In every unit identified, EPENETUS served along with at least one other member of the other four families. In all but one case, the units he served in were formed principally of men from Fermanagh Twp. The exception is in 1782 when he served in a unit formed principally from neighboring Greenwood Twp., 1 1 but the presence of THOMAS HOWARD and ANTHONY II TRIMMER in that unit confirms that Fermanagh men were participating.

1 Figure 49: Other Revolutionary War Service Records of EPENETUS HART

Received “Soldier of the “Ranger of the Individual 364 365 366 Depreciation Pay Revolutionary War” Frontiers” 1 EPENETUS HART X Not listed X

That many members of the five families served together during the Revolutionary War, undoubtedly 2 2 1 strengthened their inter-family relationships. JAMES and GEORGE ARMSTRONG and JOHN S. 1 1 MCLEAN were EPENETUS ’s brothers-in-law. ANTHONY II TRIMMER, who served at least twice 1 2 with EPENETUS , actually named a son EPENETUS H. TRIMMER (born in 1792, probably in Fermanagh Twp.).

C. The HART Family in New York ca 1794 to ca 1822

1 EPENETUS HART’s moved to N.Y. sometime between July 1793 (advertisement for the lost horse in Penn.) and December 1794 (the date of a mortgage to Charles Williamson for land in Seneca Twp.. There 2 1 is never any mention of his wife, MARY (ARMSTRONG) HART appearing in N.Y. EPENETUS ,

a The highlighted numbers identify units in which two or more members of the five families served together.

73 presumably with the rest of his family, appears to have settled first in Geneva Twp., Ontario Co., N.Y., sometime before the end of 1794, on a one hundred and forty six acre plot of land, described as adjacent to “Powell’s Hotel” a 367 (which was eventually located within the village of Geneva, part of Seneca Twp.).

1 Turner [1851:O-517] mentions EPENETUS HART as a pioneer of “the Town of Seneca which embraces the village of Geneva". The earliest Seneca settlers listed by Turner seem to date to ca 1789. There is other evidence of Epenetus being in Seneca by around 1793. Aldrich [1893:417] states that sometime in 1793 or later the fifth organizational meeting for the creation of Seneca Twp. was held at Epenetus Hart's house in Geneva. As at this time, the village of Geneva was located within Seneca Twp., some records indicating “Seneca” and others indicating “Geneva” can be assumed to be referring to the same location.b

1 The earliest evidence that EPENETUS HART arrived in Ontario Co. sometime between 1793 and 1794 is 1 a mortgage dated 22 December 1794 between EPENETUS HART of Seneca, Ontario Co., and Charles Williamson pledged against 146 acres belonging to Epenetus on the western edge of Seneca Lake. 368 In 1 the mortgage document, EPENETUS is referred to “as Epenetus Hart of Seneca of the County of Ontario of the state of New York”, indicating that he was already a resident of Seneca by 22 December 1794. If he had been newly arrived, he might have been referred to as “late of Pennsylvania”. There is other evidence for the HART family’s pre-1800 arrival in Ontario Co.:

1 2 2 • Two of EPENETUS ’s daughters, ELIZABETH and AMY , married husbands in Geneva, Ontario 2 Co. in 1795. Cleveland [1873:II:857] reports the marriage of ELIZABETH HART to John Griffin, 2 and Cleveland [1873: II:859] reports that of AMY HART to Richard Montgomery Williams. • A 1795 land transaction in which a Martin Armstrong of Sumerset [sic] Co., N.Y. buys 100 acres 1 (Lot 27 Twp 8 1st Range) from Enos Tubbs is witnessed by EPENETUS HART and John Griffin, 2 1 369 the husband of ELIZABETH HART (Epenetus ).

1 After 1795 and through 1798 there is only a brief documentary record for EPENETUS HART in N.Y. • Cleveland [1873:I:300] states: “During the last year or two of the eighteenth century, there came a colony of settlers from Pennsylvania, who located in east Benton, some of them in what now Torrey… The Armstrongs, Harts, McLeans, Howards and Trimmers were all member of the same colony.” This implies an arrival ca 1798-9 (i.e., the “last year or two”), but is not precise. 1 c EPENETUS clearly arrived in the area several years before then. • There is a 13 Aug. 1796 record of a mortgage to Charles Williamsond, Esq. by James Hill for the sum of $430 for part (200 acres) of Lot 56 in the Gore of Land called the Sixteen thousand acres".

a “To give encouragement to this settlement, Capt. Williamson built a very large and handsome hotel, and invited an Englishman of the name Powell to take the superintendence of it. Capt. Williamson has two rooms in this hotel appropriate to himself; and as he resides here the greater part of the year, he takes care that Powell does justice to the establishment and to his guests. From this cause it is, that, as it respects provisions, liquors, beds and stabling, there are few inns in America equal to the hotel at Geneva. That part of the town where the hotel is situated is intended for a public square.” Barber & Howe [1846:410]. b The City of Geneva was not formally incorporated until 1872. c There is clear evidence that all five of the families arrived in Ontario Co. before 1798, as is discussed in each family chapter. d Charles Williamson was the original agent for the sales of land from the Phelps and Gorham Purchase. See discussion in Chapter 1, above.

It references a prior encumbrance of a mortgage to "Epenetus Hart of Geneva" for $200 to be paid on 5 June 1797 "with interest from the twenty second day of July now last past..." 370 The reference to interest seems to indicate that Epenetus held the mortgage from July 1796 ("July now last past") and that Epenetus was still living in the area at that time. • A series of items in the period 7 Jan. 1796 – 25 March 1798 in the Town of Seneca Highway 1 Minutes name EPENETUS HART, including approvals signed by him as a Commissioner of 1 371 Highways (THOMAS HOWARD is also named in a number of these records.)

1 • A citation from Milliken [1911:181-2] shows that EPENETUS HART lived on 6 Jun 1797 at Seneca Twp.: "… EPENETUS HART, of Seneca, gentleman…" fined $5 for "…not attending as grand jurors." 372

373 1 • The Geneva Gazette reported a fire at "the house occupied by Capt. EPENETUS HART and Mr. Robert Jordan.." on 14 Dec 1797 at Bath, Steuben Co., N.Y.

1 • A 1798 land sale is apparently the last land transaction involving EPENETUS HART in N.Y. (or 1 anywhere else). On April 11, 1798 EPENETUS HART sold what appear to be his home lots in Seneca and Geneva townships of Ontario Co. to a Martin Armstrong of Seneca County, N.Y., in a 1 374 deed of sale is witnessed by THOMAS HOWARD and John L. Lewis: …Epenetus1 Hart of Town of Geneva and Martin Armstrong of Seneca County of New York for one thousand dollars two parcels of land … Lot XXI of the out lots laid out in the vicinity of Geneva and in the subdivision of Lot number Eighty Eight in the town of Seneca - and Lot XXXIII of the out lots laid out in the vicinity westerly of Geneva containing as follows: Lot XXI estimated in John Smith's survey to contain 10 acres and Lot XXXIII estimated in Barton & Armen's survey to contain 8 acres more or less…

1 2 The 1798 Plum map (see Figure 21, above) shows EPENETUS HART and his son, ARMSTRONG , on lots 2 in (then) Jerusalem Twp., about 14 miles south of Geneva. Their lots are next to those of JAMES 1 2 ARMSTRONG, JOHN S. MCLEAN, and John Griffin (husband of ELIZABETH “BETSEY” HART 2 (Epenetus1) and brother-in-law of ARMSTRONG ). This proximity of the Hart, Armstrong and Mclean lots is the earliest evidence that the bonds between the families persisted after the move to N.Y. The record of these land acquisitions has not been found. Figure 50, below shows the two Hart lots located in Reed & Ryckman’s Location on Plum’s 1798 map. The larger lot, marked as 300 acres and labeled “Plympton to Leg & Hart, No. 56 - 300 Acres” seems to 1 match the description of the land pledged in EPENETUS ’s mortgage of 13 Aug. 1796 to Charles Williamson. Ms. Fran Dumas, the Yates Co. Historian has indicated lot 56 was sold by John Plympton to Joshua Legg and Armstrong Hart.375 The second location, “Lot No. 25 – E. Hart”, belonged to 1 EPENETUS HART and appears to be about 100 acres. The road leading southeasterly from Lot No. 25 is labeled as “Road leading to Hope Town.” The western border of the lots (and the map) is the Old Preemption Line, while the eastern border of the map is Lake Seneca and the road to Geneva. These two lots lie approximately 12-15 miles south of the village of Geneva in an area that was originally in Jerusalem Twp, then became Vernon Twp. in 1803, Benton Twp. in 1808 and Torrey Twp. in 1851. This could easily explain the changing locations recorded for the Hart family over this period.

Figure 50: Portion of Henry Plum’s 1798 Survey of Reed & Ryckman’s Location with Locations of Two Hart Lots376

Location of Hart lots on original 1798 map

S N

Though this sale was apparently in 1798, the deed of sale is actually recorded on Sept. 4, 1804, at which 1 1 time THOMAS HOWARD swore that he knew EPENETUS and that it was his signature on the original deed. The 1800-1803 Chancery Court case brought by Charles Williamson discussed below shows that 1 EPENETUS had died between late 1801 (after the 1801 Jerusalem tax assessment list was prepared) and March 1802 (when a bill of reviver was filed in the Williamson vs Hart case).

1 EPENETUS HART had two lots in/near the village of Geneva, Ontario Co., which he originally bought from Charles Williamson, the agent in charge of the sales of land from the Phelps & Gorham Purchase. In 1801, wife of Charles Williamson, Abigail Williamson, recorded a deed confirming all of her husband’s earlier sales.a This October 5, 1801 deed lists several dozens of purchasers, including 1 2 1 377 EPENETUS HART and a JAMES ARMSTRONG (Alexander ).

a According to Brooke McMahon of the Ontario Co. (NY) County Archives and Records Office, Charles Williamson had apparently omitted to include his wife as a signer on many or all of the original deeds of sale and she filed the subsequent deed in 1801 listing all of the original purchases to confirm their original purchases. This 1801 deed by Abigail Williamson which lists dozens of earlier transactions by her husband, may also be related to

Figure 51, below shows the years in which members of the Hart family appeared in town tax assessment 1 lists. EPENETUS HART appeared in the 1800 tax assessment list for the town of Seneca, Ontario Co. in which he is taxed for the Lot 24 Twp 10 1st Range. 378Also on the same Seneca list for 1800 were: 2 2 2 1 1 ALEXANDER , JAMES , and GEORGE ARMSTRONG (Alexander ); THOMAS HOWARD; and 1 ANTHONY II TRIMMER, (See Figure 24, above).

1 EPENETUS HART then appeared the next year in the 1801 tax assessment list for Jerusalem Twp., Ontario Co in which he is taxed for “Lot No. 2 on the Goar [sic]. 379 Also on the same Jerusalem list for 2 2 1 1 1 1801 were: JAMES , and GEORGE ARMSTRONG (Alexander ); THOMAS HOWARD; and JOHN S. MCLEAN, (See Figure 24, above). a Interestingly, Epenetus no longer appeared in the 1801 tax assessment list for Seneca Twp, which might simply mean that he no longer owned land there or that 1 town boundaries had changed. The 1801 listing of EPENETUS in Jerusalem is the last evidence of 1 EPENETUS in New York alive and would account for the two Hart lots shown on the Plum map (Figure 50) which were in Jerusalem Twp. in 1801. Figure 51: Presence of the HART Family in Ontario Co., N.Y. in the 1799-1804 Tax Assessment Lists with Allied Families 380

1799 Not Listed 2 1800 Seneca ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG 2 JAMES ARMSTRONG 2 GEORGE ARMSTRONG 1 EPENETUS HART 1 THOMAS HOWARD 1 ANTHONY II TRIMMER 2 1801 Jerusalem JAMES ARMSTRONG 2 GEORGE ARMSTRONG 1 EPENETUS HART 1 THOMAS HOWARD 1 JOHN S. MCLEAN 1802 Not Listed 1803 Not Listed 2 1804 Vernon JAMES ARMSTRONG 2 GEORGE ARMSTRONG 2 ARMSTRONG HART 1 THOMAS HOWARD 1 JOHN S. MCLEAN 1 ANTHONY II TRIMMER

1 In 1802, EPENETUS had two lots sold by the court in consequence of his failure to repay his 1794 mortgage to Charles Williamson. 381 This sale was the result of a Chancery Court proceeding originally

the marital and serious financial troubles that the separated couple were having at that time. Cowan [1941:83-85] describes these Williamson’s tribulations. a The town of was eventually named Benton was formed in 1803 from Jerusalem. It was originally called Vernon and was renamed Benton in 1808. It is in present day Yates Co.

382 1 brought by Williamson ca 19 July 1800. (See Figure 52). Williamson originally sued EPENETUS and 1 three others (George Bennet, William Dunn and Timothy Alleyn) over EPENETUS ’s failure to repay a 1 mortgage of 22 Dec. 1794 (probably for EPENETUS ’s original land purchases in the area) and then selling or re-mortgaging parcels of the mortgaged land to the other defendants, without repaying Williamson.a In March 1802, a bill of reviverb 383 was filed requesting reinstatement of the original suit with 1 EPENETUS ’s heirs named as defendant and stating “… the said Epenetus Hart died intestate, leaving 2 2 2 2 issue and heirs at law: ARMSTRONG HART, EPENETUS HART, JONATHAN HART, AMY the wife of 2 2 Richard M. Williams, ELIZABETH the wife of John Griffin, and MARY HART.” These are the six of the 1 seven known living children of EPENETUS HART. There is no explanation why his seventh child, his 2 son THOMAS HART (who was living in Benton Twp. for the 1810 U.S. census) was not included in the law suit.

1 The Chancery Court case is most notable for the list of EPENETUS ’s heirs as defendants and for 1 confirming EPENETUS ’s death sometime prior to the filing of the bill of reviver in March 1802. There is one oddity in the assorted documents, dealing with the attempt to deliver a subpoena to Richard and 2 2 AMY (HART) Williams and EPENETUS HART. The server (Isaac Drury of Geneva) filed an affidavit 2 that on 12 April 1802 he was informed by John Griffin (Richard and AMY (HART) Williams’ brother-in- 1 2 2 law, husband of EPENETUS ’s daughter ELIZABETH ) that Richard and AMY (HART) Williams and 2 EPENETUS HART were now resident “in the State of Georgia.” Drury stated that “this deponent believes 2 [this] to be true.” Cleveland confirms that in 1798 Richard and AMY (HART) Williams moved to Georgia, but returned by 1805. c 384

a Apparently, Williamson was in serious financial difficulty around this time, which fact mayhave contributed to 1 his determination to pursue this case against EPENETUS . See Cowan [1941, pp. 227-236] for a discussion of this. b “Bill of Revivor … when a bill hath been exhibited in Chancery, against one who answers, and before the cause is heard, or if heard, and the decree is not inrolled, [sic] either party dies: In this case a bill of revivor must be brought, praying the former proceedings may stand revived, and be put in the same condition as at the time of abatement.” c “In 1798 they went to Savannah, Ga., where his father accompanied them an died. In five or six years the unhealthy climate compelled them to return. In 1805 he opened trade as a merchant at Aurora, N.Y., under the firm of R. M. & Z. Williams.”

Figure 52: Chancery Court Announcement of 19 June 1803 Concerning Charles Williamson v. 1 385 EPENETUS HART, et al.

The notice states that “Richard M. Williams and Ami [sic] his wife, and Epenetus Hart … could not be found within this state in order to be served [the subpoena to appear].” It turns out that Epenetus had died by the date of the subpoena. Other records show that Richard and Amy Williams were living in Vernon Twp. by 1805 (when their daughter Elizabeth3 (Amy2, Epenetus1) was born.a 386

1 Land belonging to EPENETUS HART was referenced in passing as late as 3 Aug 1814 in an announcement387 in the Geneva Gazette concerning public sale of land along Seneca Lake, Ontario Co., belonging to a Jedediah Sayre/Sears (of Morris Co., NJ) due to Jedediah’s default on mortgage to Charles Williamson. This announcement describes the land concerned as bordering "the northwest corner of 1 EPENETUS HART's land; thence east on said Hart's line to the Seneca Lake a post ..." Epenetus himself was not a party to this transaction; his (former?) land boundaries were simply used as a reference point. It 1 seems that this in fact may was refer to EPENETUS ’s land that was announced as sold at public auction in 1802.

1 Curiously, other than the 1802 Chancery Court Case, the members of EPENETUS HART’s family never appear in conjunction with any of his land transactions or the settlement of his debts, even though there 2 are contemporaneous records in the Ontario Co. area for at least two of his sons (ARMSTRONG and 2 2 2 EPENETUS JR ) and his two married daughters (BETSY (HART) GRIFFIN and AMY (HART) WILLIAMS). 1 There is no record of a death or burial, for EPENETUS HART.

a Eliza was born in 1805 in Vernon Twp. Armstrong (Amy’s brother) was in Vernon in 1804 (tax assessment), 2 2, 2 1 1 as were GEORGE , JAMES and ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG and JOHN S. MCLEAN, John GRIFFIN, THOMAS 1 HOWARD, ANTHONY II TRIMMER.

1 2 D. The Second Generation – The Children of EPENETUS HART and MARY (ARMSTRONG) HART

2 1 ARMSTRONG and his siblings probably moved to Ontario Co. with their father ca 1793-4, or EPENETUS may have moved first to establish a home for his family and then moved the family later. Since his oldest 2 child ARMSTRONG was probably only about 20 when they moved and the youngest possibly less than 5, the family probably moved together. In any case they were presumably all in New York by 1795 when 2 2 2 388 ARMSTRONG ’s sisters, BETSY and AMY , married there in 1795.

1 2 1 Children of EPENETUS HART and MARY (ARMSTRONG) Hart (Alexander ):

2 1 1. ARMSTRONG HART (Epenetus )

2 1 1 2 ARMSTRONG HART (Epenetus ) is the only child of EPENETUS and MARY (ARMSTRONG) HART who seems to have left much of a record of his existence and life. There is no reference identifying 2 389 ARMSTRONG by name in Penn. In his father’s household in the 1790 census there are two males 16 1 years old or older (see Figure 47, above). One of these was probably EPENETUS HART and the second 2 was probably his son, ARMSTRONG HART.

2 a ARMSTRONG HART was born ca 1774, probably in Mifflin Twp. or Fermanagh Twp. (present day Juniata Co.),b and died on 24 Dec 1829 in St. John’s Twp., Franklin Co., Missouri (Mo.).c He married firstly between 1795 and 1798d in Ontario Co., N.Y. 390 Susan Riggs, daughter of Phillip Riggs and Mary “Polly” Pierce. Susan was born circa 1778e in Pennsylvania and died at Farmington, Ontario Co., N.Y. f g 391 circa 1822. He married secondly circa 1822-3 in Franklin Co. Missouri, Nancy (Todd) Murphy, daughter of Joseph Todd and Anna Maria Crouse\Grose 392 and widow of Isaac Murphy. Nancy was born circa 1790h 393 in Rowan Co., North Carolinai 394 and died sometime after June 1870, probably in Franklin Co., Mo. j 395

a 2 This is only a rough estimate. ARMSTRONG married his first wife, Susan Riggs, ca 1795-98. If he was at least 16 at the time of the 1790 census, his birth date would have been 1774 or possibly earlier. b 1 EPENETUS is recorded as having living in Milford Twp. in 1774-5, and in Fermanagh Twp. 1776-1793. See 1 the earlier discussion of EPENETUS HART’s residences in Penn. c The Beacon Newspaper, 16 January 1830. Transcribed for publication in the 1984 St. Louis Genealogical Society Quarterly, Vol. 17 No. 4, pp. 115-116; Vol. 18 No. 1, pp. 15-17: "16 January 1830 - Died at his residence in Franklin Co., Mo., on 24 December 1829, of a tedious pulmonary complaint, Armstrong Hart, Esq., formerly of Geneva, New York. He was a kind husband, an affectionate father and a warm friend." d Author’s estimate. Susan Riggs’ family is reported to have moved to from Penn. to Benton Center, (then) Ontario Co., N.Y. in 1795. See Wallace, John Hankins. Genealogy of the Riggs Family, Self-published, New York, 2 3 1901, p. 32. Her first daughter with ARMSTRONG , Emma Hart, is estimated to have been born in 1799. e Author’s estimate. f Her death in Farmington is mentioned in Cleveland [1873:I:222]. g 2 3 Nancy’s first husband died in 1821. ARMSTRONG and Nancy’s first child, Albert Gallatin Hart, was born ca 28 March 1824. His date of birth is calculated from his grave marker which was engraved with “Died 17 Aug 1884 Aged 60 yrs 4 mos 20 dys”. Find A Grave Memorial #83786968. Minch, Patricia Murphy. Email message to the Author, "Isaac Murphy Information". 1 Nov 2004. h Nancy’s year of birth and state of birth are based on the 1850 U. S. census when she was reported as 60 years old. i According to the 1790 U. S. census, her parents, Joseph Todd and Anna Maria Crouse/Grose were living in Rowan Co., N. C. j Nancy was still alive on 28 June at the time of the 1870 census, living in the household of her son Joseph Todd Hart.

2 3 ARMSTRONG first appears in N.Y. by implication in 1799 when his first daughter, Emma , was born, but he is first tied by documentation to a date and a location in (then) Jerusalem Twp., in 1798 by Plum’s 396 3 2 map. Based on the estimated date of birth of Emma , ca 1799, ARMSTRONG probably married his first wife, Susan Riggs, sometime between 1795 when the Riggs family moved from Penn. to Ontario Co.397 and 1798.

2 According to Cleveland [1873:I:222], ARMSTRONG and Susan “removed to Farmington, N.Y., where she died leaving four daughters…”, but he doesn’t cite a date for the move or her death. There seems to be no record of Susan’s death or burial in Farmington or elsewhere. However, there is at least a possibility that Susan (Riggs) Hart may not have died until after 1830. There is an older woman listed in the household of a Susan Hart in each of the 1820 and 1830 census listings for Canandaigua Twp. Ontario Co., N.Y., as shown in Figures 53 and 54. It is possible that both of these were the households of Susan (Riggs) Hart (the older woman present) and her daughter Susan Ann3 is also listed. However, barring conspiracy theories, the older woman could well have been their aunt Susan 2 (__?__) Hart, the wife of JONATHAN HART who had died in 1816 in Canandaigua. Figure 53: Detail of Enumeration for Susan3 Hart or Susan (__?__) HARTa from 1820 U.S. Census Canandaigua, Ontario Co., N.Y. 398

1 [1805-1810 ] Mary/Mariah3 b 1804 or Free White Persons - Females - 10 thru 15: Elizabeth3 b 1805] 1 [1795-1804] Susan Ann3 b 1801 or Free White Persons - Females - 16 thru 25: Mary/Mariah3 b 1804 1 [1776-1794] Susan (Riggs)? b ca 1778 or Susan Free White Persons - Females - 26 thru 44: (__?__) b 1787 Free White Persons - Under 16: 1 Free White Persons - Over 25: 1 Total Free White Persons: 3 Total All Persons - White, Slaves, Colored, Other: 3

The older woman in the 1820 census is aged 26 to 44, indicating that she was born between 1776 and 1794: Susan (Riggs) Hart was born ca 1778. b There is one female aged 16 through 25 years who could well be for Susan Ann3 Hart (Armstrong2, Epenetus1), who was born in 1801. Finally, there is also a younger female with a birthdate between 1805 and 1810. As Susan Ann3 was unmarried at this time, this is probably one of her younger sisters: either Mary/Mariah3 (b. 1804399) or Elizabeth3 (b. 1805400). Thus, Susan (Riggs) Hart and two of her unmarried daughters could well have been living together in 2 2 Canandaigua in 1820, with no sign of her husband, ARMSTRONG . There is no record of ARMSTRONG anywhere else in 1820 (in a census or in other record). There also seems to be no record of the location of the missing younger daughter – who was not in the 1820 census (Mary/Mariah3 or Elizabeth3).c

a 2 1 Widow of JONATHAN HART (Epenetus ) b Author’s estimate. c The missing daughter, Mary/Mariah3 or Elizabeth3, might have been living with one of their mother’s or father’s siblings.

Figure 54: Detail of Enumeration for Susan3 Ann Hart or Susan (__?__) HARTa from 1830 U.S. Census for Canandaigua, Ontario Co., N.Y.401

Free White Persons - Females - 20 thru 29: 1 [1801-1810 - Susan Ann3 b 1801] 1 [1781-1790 – Susan (Riggs)? b ca 1778] or Free White Persons - Females - 40 thru 49: Susan (__?__) Free White Persons - 20 thru 49: 2 Total Free White Persons: 2 Total - All Persons (Free White, Slaves, Free Colored): 2 The age given for the older female in the 1830 census indicates a date of birth 1781-90, too old to be one 3 2 of Susan ’s sisters. This may well again have been her aunt Susan (__?__) Hart, the wife of JONATHAN HART. Susan (__?__) Hart didn’t die until 29 Nov. 1851 and was buried with her husband at Pioneer Cemetery, Canandaigua. This increases the likelihood that she living there in Canandaigua continually between when her husband died (and also had been buried in Canandaigua), through the 1820 and 1830 censuses, and until her death in 1851.

2 The first contemporary record of ARMSTRONG ’s name is its appearance on the 1804 tax assessment list for Vernon Twp., (then) Ontario Co., N.Y., where he was taxed for a house and land.402 This could be his share of Lot #56 indicated on the Plum map in Figure 50, above. There is very little other documentation 2 regarding ARMSTRONG HART’s life in New York. For some reason he does not appear in any of the other tax assessment lists or in the 1800, 1810, or 1820 U. S. censuses for Ontario Co. He does appear on Jury Lists for the town of Benton in Ontario Co. in 1812 as a “Freeholder liable to and competent to serve”, and in 1813 as “removed or ha[s] become b Figure 55: Newspaper incompetent”. Announcement of Hart 2 Cleveland [1873:I:222] says that at the time that ARMSTRONG & Jones Hat Store 3 married Susan Riggs, he was a “hatter” in Benton. Cleveland Jan. 1815 2 [1873:I:221] also states that ARMSTRONG ’s brother-in-law 2 (husband of Betsey Riggs, ARMSTRONG ’s wife Susan Riggs’ sister) was “Joseph Jones, the Quaker, and early surveyor and hatter.” An announcement, dated “Geneva, Jan. 3d 1815”, advertising a new hat store in Geneva, ran almost weekly in the Geneva Gazette through most of 1815, and was signed “Hart & Jones.” 403

2 Around 1822/3, ARMSTRONG HART moved westward to the western bank of the Missouri River in Franklin Co., Mo. There is no indication of why he moved to Mo., or left his four daughters behind in New York. Perhaps, if his wife Susan had died, he found raising four daughters simply too much to handle. However, all were young women between the ages of 17 and 23 by 1822, before he left. The two daughters known to

a 2 1 Widow of JONATHAN HART (Epenetus ) b See OntCoNYArch miscellaneous records.

82 have married — Maria in 1823 404 and Eliza ca 1825a — did so after he left N.Y. The other two daughters (Susan and Emmy) were probably living together in the 1820 census (possibly with their mother, as discussed above). 405 So this leaves a bit of a conundrum in trying to determine why he abandoned his 406 2 family and moved to Missouri. However, in his 1829 will (see Figure 65, below), ARMSTRONG does mention “my four daughters in New York, to wit, Maria, Eliza, Emmy and Susan Ann;” so presumably they were all living at the time of the will and were not completely forgotten.

2 Children of ARMSTRONG HART and his first wife, Susan Riggs, all presumably born in what eventually became Yates Co., were: i. Emma3 “Emmy” Hart (Armstrong2, Epenetus1) was born in (then) Ontario Co., N.Y. in 1799 407 and died after Nov. 1829, probably in N.Y.b ii. Susan Ann3 Hart (Armstrong2, Epenetus1) was born in 1801 at (then) Ontario Co., N.Y. in 1801 408 and died 29 Nov. 1851.c She was apparently unmarried, as she died with her maiden name Hart, but her will lists an adopted daughter, Emma H. Pease “of Cuyahoga Falls, Summit Co., Ohio. d 409 iii. Mary/Mariah3 Hart (Armstrong2, Epenetus1) was born 22 Jan. 1804 at Milo Twp., (then) Ontario Co. (later Yates Co.), N.Y.e She died March 9, 1897 at Chicago, Cook Co., Ill.410 She married at Penn Yan, Yates Co., N. Y in 1823 411 as his third wifef William Shattuck. William was born on 26 Dec. 1784 at Guilford Twp., Windham Co. VT 412 and died on 14 March 1871 at Cattaraugus Co., N.Y.413 They were both buried at Randolph Cemetery, Randolph Twp., Cattaraugus Co.414 g iv. Elizabeth3”Eliza” Hart (Armstrong2, Epenetus1) was born on 30 Dec. 1805h at (then) Ontario Co., N.Y. and died on 12 Aug. 1900 at N.Y. 415 She was buried at Lakeview Cemetery, Penn Yan, Yates, Co.416 Eliza married on 9 Feb. 1825 At N.Y. Dr. James Abraham Heermans.417 He was born in 1799 at Milan Twp., Dutchess Co., N.Y. 418 and died in 1863 at Penn Yan, Yates, Co., N.Y.419 They had eight children: Cornelia M. Heermans (born ca 1826), Emma S. Heermans (ca 1830-1862), Edwin J. Heermans (1832-1896), Charles E. Heermans (1836-1913), Henry C. Heermans (born 1838-39), Catherine Eliza “Kate” Heermans (1840-1914), William Stuart Hart Heermans Sr (1846-1922), and Mary Ella Heermans (ca 1845-1859).i

2 The rest of ARMSTRONG ’s life and his second family in Missouri are discussed below. — — — — — — — — —

a Cleveland [1873:II:834] mentions the marriage. The date is the Author’s estimate based on the fact that census records show their 1st child, Cornelia, was b. ca 1826. b Emma is mentioned in her father’s will, dated 26 November 1829, so was presumably still living then, when 2 ARMSTRONG wrote, “…my four daughters in New York, to wit, Maria, Eliza, Emmy and Susan Ann…”. See Hart [1829]. c The date is given in the probate record of her will. d The will has some genealogical interest, in addition to the name of her adopted daughter. It includes bequests to her nieces and nephews (descendants of her sisters), and some cousins (descendants of her aunts). More detail, with a copy of the will, is available on the author’s website at http://www.acvancestors.com/g0/p136.htm#i4077. e Date and place of birth are given on Find A Grave Memorial #59739088. fPer [Shattuck [1855:233]: “He m. 1, in 1810, Aurilia Bronson, eldest dau. of Thomas Bronson of Steuben Co., NY. She died in 1814. He m. 2, in 1815, Mary Hart. She died of consumption in 1822. He m. 3, in 1823, Maria Hart, dau. of Armstrong Hart, then one of the judges of Franklin Co., Missouri.” g See below for the children of Mary/Mariah3 Hart and William Shattuck. h Date of birth calculated from grave information in Dumas & Conybeare [2008:5:52] that Eliza died ae 94 yrs 9 mos 13 days. i For additional details on the children and sources see http://www.acvancestors.com/g2/p2126.htm#i63753.

1 2 Returning to the second generation of the Hart family and the children of EPENETUS HART and MARY (ARMSTRONG) HART:

2 420 1 2. ELIZABETH “BETSY” HART (Epenetus )

2 a ELIZABETH “BETSY” HART was born before 1779 , probably at (then) Mifflin Co., Penn., and died on 3 Dec 1817 at Flint Creek, Ontario Co., N.Y.421 She married in 1795 at Ontario Co as his first wife John Griffin.422 John was born in 1774 at Salisbury Twp., Litchfield Co., Conn. 423 and died on 9 February 1846 at Cuba Twp., Allegany Co., N.Y.424 John was buried at Cuba Cemetery, Cuba Twp.425

2 Both John and ELIZABETH “BETSY” (HART) Griffin were also named as defendants in the 1802 bill of reviver filed in the law suit brought against her father by Charles Williamson.426

1 As EPENETUS HART’s son-in-law, John Griffin seems to have quickly established a close relationship 2 with the other five families. On 10 March 1795 (the year he and ELIZABETH were married), John Griffin 1 427 and THOMAS HOWARD jointly purchased two lots in the village of Geneva. On 20 July 1795 John 1 and EPENETUS witnessed a deed between Martin Armstrong as grantee and Enos Tubbs and grantor. The Seneca Town meeting notes for 1 April 1797 show that John Griffin was appointed Commissioner of 428 1 Schools. At the same town meeting, EPENETUS HART was appointed Commissioner of Highways 1 and THOMAS HOWARD was appointed Fence Viewer and Commissioner of Schools. The following 1 year, at a town meeting on 3 April 1798, John is again appointed Commissioner of Schools and THOMAS is named Fence Viewer and Path Master. 429 According to Cleveland [1873:II:857-8], John became a fairly successful merchant in Benton and Potter (now Yates Co.). In 1812, he sold out his business to his brother-in-law, Richard M. Williams (husband 2 2 of AMY HART) and moved with his wife ELIZABETH to Flint Creek, Ontario Co., where he “conducted 430 2 a large milling, mercantile and farming business…” ELIZABETH died in Flint Creek in 1817. In 1818, 2 the year after his wife ELIZABETH died, John moved to Cuba, Allegany Co., NY. He remarried there as his second wife Bethia Low431 and remained there until he died.

2 The children of John and ELIZABETH “BETSY” (HART) Griffin: i. Unknown Griffin (daughter) born before 1800 at (then) Jerusalem Twp. (then) Ontario Co.b 432 ii. Henry A. Griffin born before 1800 at (then) Jerusalem Twp. (then) Ontario Co.433 and died iii. Epenetus H. Griffin was born in 1799 at Ontario Co. and died in 1872 at McHenry Co., Ill.434 He married on 1834 at Yates Co. Eunice (__?__). She was born in 1811 and died in 1872 at McHenry Co.435 They are both buried at Mount Auburn Cemetery, Harvard, McHenry Co.436 Epenetus H. and Eunice (__?__) Griffin had three children: Richard N. Griffin (born 1835), Lois (born ca 1837), and Louisa E. (born 1842, died 1884).437 Epenetus H. and Eunice (__?__) Griffin moved to Cuba, Allegany Co., probably with his father, until sometime after 1850 and then moved to McHenry Co. 438

2 439 1 3. AMY “AMI” HART (Epenetus )

a 2 Cleveland [1873:II:857] says that she was the “older sister” of AMY HART. b One female child under 10 years of age appears in the 1800 census for the John Griffin household.

2 440 AMY HART was born on 7 Jan 1779, probably at Fermanagh Twp. and died on 13 Dec, 1862 at (now) Potter Twp., Yates Co. a She married in 1795 at Geneva, Ontario Co., N.Y. Richard Montgomery Williams, son of Nathaniel Williams and Penelope Young. He was born 17 March 1776 at Huntington Twp., Long Island Co., N.Y. 441 and died 4 June 1837 at (now) Potter Twp., Yates Co. 442 They were both buried at Nettle Valley Cemetery, Potter Twp., Yates Co.443

2 Both AMY HART and her husband Richard M. Williams were also named as defendants in the 1802 bill of reviver filed in the law suit brought against her father by Charles Williamson.444 Her husband, Richard M. Williams, was fairly well educated and a successful merchant. Cleveland 2 confirms that in 1798 Richard and AMY moved to Savannah, Georgia, but returned to N.Y. by 1805: “In 1798 they went to Savannah, Ga., where his father accompanied them and died. In five or six years the unhealthy climate compelled them to return. In 1805 he opened trade as a merchant at Aurora, N.Y., under the firm of R. M. & Z. Williams.” 445 In 1812 Richard bought out the business of his brother-in-law, 2 John Griffin (husband of ELIZABETH HART) and “carried forward large operations as a farmer, merchant, and manufacturer of potash and whisky.” 446 On 19 Dec. 1810, Richard Montgomery Williams was involved in three land purchases. 1. In the first, he purchased 88 acres (Lot #23, as shown on Henry Plum’s survey) from John b 447 1 2 Hornby. This first transaction was witnessed by THOMAS HOWARD and ARMSTRONG HART (Richard’s brother-in-law). 1 2. On the same day in a second transaction he purchased 10 acres in Benton Twp. from THOMAS 2 2 HOWARD. This transaction was again witnessed by ARMSTRONG HART and JONATHAN 2 448 HART (both brothers of his wife AMY (HART) Williams). 2 3. On that same 19 Dec. 1810, Richard M. Williams and his brother-in-law ARMSTRONG HART 1 c 449 witnessed the purchase by THOMAS HOWARD of 25 acres (Lot #21 on Plum’s map). In 1810, the same year Richard acquired land in what became Torrey Twp., (now) Yates Co., he appeared in the U.S. census in the Village of Aurora in Scipio Twp., Cayuga Co., N.Y. This 1810 enumeration 2 shows Richard and his wife, AMY (HART), three younger children under 10 years of age (one male, two females), and two older teenagers or young adults, aged 16 through 25 (one male and one female). Two of the children can be identified as their son Richard H. (born 1807) and Eliza (born 1807), but one of the young girls is unknown. The two older youths/young adults could be siblings of Richard and/or his wife, 2 d AMY (HART), or a married sibling and spouse. Figure 56: Detail of Enumeration for Richard Montgomery Williams from 1810 U.S. Census Village of Aurora, Scipio Twp., Cayuga Co., N.Y. 450

Free White Persons - Males - Under 10: 1 [aft 1800] Richard H. b 1807 Free White Persons - Males - 16 thru 25: 1 [1785-94] Unidentified?

a The date of death of "Mrs. Amy Williams, widow of Richard M. Williams" is from abstract #1544 in Stenzel, Dianne (Compiler), Genealogical Gleanings Abstracted from the “Yates County Chronicle” (Penn Yan, N.Y.) May 1856 to October 1867 (Baltimore: Heritage Books, Inc., 1992). This record confirms the year of her death as given in the History and Directory of Yates Co., NY, as well as her date of birth, that her birthplace was Pennsylvania, and 1 that the name of her father was EPENETUS HART. b See Lot #23 on Figure 21, above. c See Lot #25 on Figure 21, above. d 2 2 AMY HART’s sister, MARY was 23 and unmarried at the time and could have been living with her.

Free White Persons - Males - 26 thru 44 : 1 [1766-84] Richard Montgomery b 1776 Free White Persons - Females - Under 10: 2 [aft 1800] Eliza. b 1805, Mary H. (I) b 1809 Free White Persons - Females - 16 thru 25: 1 [1785-94] Unidentified? 2 Free White Persons - Females - 26 thru 44: 1 [1766-84] AMY (HART) b 1778 Number of Household Members Under 16: 3 Number of Household Members Over 25: 2 Number of Household Members: 7

2 Richard and AMY (HART) Williams were living in Cayuga Co. in mid-1810 when the census was taken. In the recorded record of Richard’s Dec. 19 1810 purchase of land in Lot #23 of Rickman’s Location, he is still called “of Scipio, Cayuga County.” Sometime between 1811 and 1820 they moved to (then) Middlesex Twp. in Ontario Co., which is now Potter Twp., Yates Co. They appeared there in the 1820 U.S. census.

2 The 1820 enumeration shows Richard and his wife, AMY (HART), two daughters under the age of 10, three children aged 10 to 15 (one male and two females), and an older male aged 26 to 44. The two young daughters were Susan P. (born 1812) and Mary H. (II) (born 1814). The two of the three children aged 10 – 15 are probably Richard H. (born 1807) and Eliza (born 1805). Their daughter Mary H. (I) had died in 1813, so the second girl aged 10-15 is unidentified. The older male is also unidentified, but could be a 2 sibling of either Richard or AMY . Figure 57: Detail of Enumeration for Richard Montgomery Williams from 1820 U.S. Census Middlesex Twp., Ontario Co., N.Y. 451

Free White Persons - Males - 10 thru 15: 1 [1805-10] Richard H. b 1807 Free White Persons - Males - 26 thru 44: 2 [1776-94] Richard Montgomery b 1776, Unidentified? Free White Persons - Females - Under 10: 2 [aft 1810] Susan P. b 1812, Mary H. (II) b 1814 Free White Persons - Females - 10 thru 15: 2 [1805-10] Eliza b 1805, Unidentified? 2 Free White Persons - Females - 26 thru 44: 1 [1776-94] AMY (HART) b 1779 Number of Persons - Engaged in Agriculture: 2 Free White Persons - Under 16: 5 Free White Persons - Over 25: 3 Total Free White Persons: 8 Total All Persons - White, Slaves, Colored, Other: 8

Richard’s last U.S. census appearance before his death was in the 1830 U.S. census for Middlesex Twp. 2 This enumeration lists Richard and his wife, AMY (HART), two young adult men aged 20-29, two young female children (under 5 years of age), two teenage women (aged 15-19) and a young adult woman aged 20-29. One of the young adult men may be their only known son, Richard H. (born 1807). The other is 2 unidentified but could be either a sibling of either Richard or AMY . The two young girls are unidentified, but are likely grandchildren or nieces. The young adult woman is possibly Eliza (born 1805), in which case the unidentified young man could be her husband, Britton M. Williams and the children theirs. On

86 the other hand, this woman could be the otherwise unidentified daughter who appeared in the 1810 and 1820 censuses. Figure 58: Detail of Enumeration for Richard Montgomery Williams from 1830 U.S. Census Middlesex Twp., Yates Co., N.Y. 452

Free White Persons - Males - 20 thru 29: 2 [1801-10] Richard H. b 1807, Unidentified? Free White Persons - Males - 50 thru 59: 1 [1771-80] Richard Montgomery b 1776 Free White Persons - Females - Under 5: 2 [aft 1825] Unidentified?, Unidentified? Free White Persons - Females - 15 thru 19: 2 [1811-15] Susan P. b 1812, Mary H. (II) b 1814 Free White Persons - Females - 20 thru 29: 1 [1801-10] Eliza b 1805 2 Free White Persons - Females - 50 thru 59: 1 [1771-80] AMY (HART) b 1779 Free White Persons - Under 20: 4 Free White Persons - 20 thru 49: 3 Total Free White Persons: 9 Total - All Persons (Free White, Slaves, Free Colored): 9

2 Richard Montgomery Williams died in 1837. AMY (HART) Williams apparently continued to live in Middlesex/Potter until her death in 1862.a 453

2 The children of Richard Montgomery and AMY (HART) Williams: i. Eliza Williams. She was born in 1805 in (then) Vernon, Twp. She married Britton M. Williams.454 They had at least two children: Emma H. Williams and Margaret E. Williams.455 ii. Richard H. Williams. He was born on 3 Aug. 1807 at Aurora Village, Scipio Twp., Cayuga Co. and died on 19 May 1893 at Potter Twp. 456 He married on 23 Oct. 1834 Phebe Ryder.457 He was buried at Nettle Valley Cemetery, (now) Potter Twp.458 They had at least five children: 459 Henry M. Williams, Edward E. Williams, Helen L. Williams, Margaret B. Williams, and Sarah E. Williams (ca 1841-1861). iii. Mary H. (I) Williams. She was born 6 Aug. 1809 at Aurora Village and died on 16 March 1813 at (then) Middlesex Twp. She was buried at Nettle Valley Cemetery, (now) Potter Twp.460 iv. Susan P. Williams. She was born 15 March 1812 at Aurora Village461 and died on 3 June 1888 at Potter Twp. 462 She married Henry Husted. 463 He was born 22 April 1797 at Pine Plains, Dutchess Co., N.Y. and died on 17 July 1873 at Potter Twp. 464 They were both buried at Nettle Valley Cemetery, (now) Potter Twp.465 They had at least seven children: Mary E. Husted (1837-1909), Emma C. Husted, Sarah S. Husted, Cornelius Husted, Isabella S. Husted, Charlotte E. Husted (1834-1837), and Clara A. Husted (1843-1865). 466 v. Mary H. (II) Williams. She was born 20 May 1814 at (then) Middlesex Twp. and died on 8 Oct. 1856 at Potter Twp, unmarried. 467 She was buried at Nettle Valley Cemetery, (now) Potter Twp.468

a She appears in the 1840 and 1860 U.S. censuses in the household of her son Richard H. Williams.

2 1 4. JONATHAN HART (Epenetus )

2 a JONATHAN HART was born in 1784 in Fermanagh Twp. Cumberland Co., Penn. and died on 5 Nov. 1816 in Canandaigua, Ontario Co. 469 He married Susan (__?__). She was born ca 1787b and died on 29 Nov. 1851 470 in Canandaigua. They were both buried at Pioneer Cemetery, Canandaigua. c

2 JONATHAN was also named as a defendant in the 1802 bill of reviver filed in the law suit brought against his father by Charles Williamson.471 As he was a minor at the time (ca 18), he was represented by James Van Ingen “of the City of Albany Esquire” who was appointed by the Chancery Court as his Guardian to represent him. The relationship between James Van Ingen and the Hart family is not known.

2 2 On 19 Dec. 1810, JONATHAN and his brother ARMSTRONG HART witnessed a deed of sale of land by 1 472 THOMAS HOWARD to their brother-in-law, Richard Montgomery Williams.

2 JONATHAN HART died at Canandaigua on 5 Nov. 1816, leaving his wife, Susan (__?__) HART, aged 29, probably in Canandaigua. It may well be that the discussion of the Canandaigua 1820 U.S. census listings (see Figure 53, above) for a “Susan Hart” were for this Susan (__?__) HART a possibly two of 2 2 the then unmarried daughters of JONATHAN ’s brother, ARMSTRONG (her nieces). Similarly, the 1830 Canandaigua U.S. census with a “Susan Hart” household (see Figure 54, above), was also for this Susan 3 2 (__?__) HART, along with her niece, Susan Ann Hart (daughter of ARMSTRONG HART), who would 2 d have been the only one of ARMSTRONG ’s daughters of the right age who was unmarried in 1830.

2 2 Conybeare [nd] reported that JONATHAN and his brother THOMAS appeared in the Geneva school district 1797-1801.e

2 1 5. MARY/MARIA HART (Epenetus )

2 473 f MARY/MARIA HART was born on 24 Jan. 1787 at Fermanagh Twp. and died on 4 Jul 1822 at (then) Penn Yan, (now) Yates Co. She was buried at Lakeview Cemetery, Penn Yan.g She married 1815 probably in (then) Ontario Co.h as his second wifei William Shattuck (63752) in 1815. 474 He was born on 26 Dec. 1784 in Guilford, Windham Co., Vt.475 and died on 14 Mar. 1871 in Randolph Twp., Cattaraugus Co. 476 He was buried in Randolph Cemetery, Randolph Twp., Cattaraugus Co.477

a Year of death from Find A Grave Memorial #68542626. His parents were in Fermanagh Twp., Cumberland Co., Penn. at the time of his birth per PATaxList [Fermanagh:1785] and Armstrong [1783]. b Conybeare [nd]: says she died at “ae 64”. c Jonathan is at FindAGrave.com Memorial #68542626. Susan (__?__) is at FindAGrave.com Memorial #68542625. d Emma3 Hart was too old (born in 1799) to match the census age of the youngest woman listed and too young to match that of the oldest woman; Mary/Mariah3 Hart had married William Shattuck in 1823; and Elizabeth3 Hart had married James Abraham Heermans in 1825. e However, subsequent research efforts in Geneva and in Ontario Co. have failed to uncover the original of such a record. f Her parents were in Fermanagh Twp. at the time of her birth per PATaxList [Fermanagh:1787]. gFrom Conybeare [nd]: "bu. with dau Emma Elizabeth" aged 35 years 6 mo 10 days. From CemBur, Vol. 5, p. 24: “Shattuck, Mary [Hart] 1822 Jul 4 - D ae 37 w/o William Shattuck [d/o Armstrong & Susan Riggs Hart] [stone partially buried][ Shattuck plot].” (Brackets in original) h Shattuck and his first wife, Aurilla Bronson, died. i 2 William Shattuck married in 1810 as his first wife Aurilla Bronson (1789-1814); in 1815 MARY/MARIAH 3 2 HART as his second wife; and in 1823 her niece Mary/Mariah Hart (daughter of ARMSTRONG HART) as his third wife. See Shattuck [1885:232-3].

2 MARY/MARIA HART was also named as a defendant in the 1802 bill of reviver filed in the law suit brought against her father by Charles Williamson.478 She was a minor at the time (“above the age of fourteen years” according to court documents) and petitioned the Court to appoint her brother, 2 ARMSTRONG HART, as her guardian (which was done). William Shattuck appears in almost every U. S. censuses from 1810 through 1860, as well as the 1855 2 and 1865 N.Y. State censuses. In 1820, five years after he married MARY/MARIA HART he appears in the U.S. census for Benton Twp. The enumeration shows two young girls (under 10) who were most likely his daughters Sabra and Aurilia.a There is also an unidentified adult woman living with them. William’s own mother was born in 1751 and would have been too old to match this woman. The 2 MARY/MARIA ’s living sisters were married by this time. So this remains a mystery

Figure 59: Detail of Enumeration for William Shattuck from 1820 U.S. Census Benton Twp., Ontario Co., N.Y. 479

Free White Persons - Males - 26 thru 44 : 1 [1776-94] William b 1784 Free White Persons - Females - Under 10: 2 [aft 1810] Sabra b 1811, Aurilia b 1818 2 Free White Persons - Females - 16 thru 25: 1 [1795-1804] MARY/MARIA (HART) b 1804 Free White Persons - Females - 26 thru 40: 1 [1776-94] Unknown? Number of Household Members Under 16: 3 Number of Household Members Over 25: 1 Number of Household Members: 7

2 MARY/MARIA (HART) died in 1822, probably while they were still living in Benton Twp.

3 2 William remarried in 1823 to Mary/Mariah Hart, the daughter of MARY/MARIA HART’s brother 2 ARMSTRONG , and William’s own niece by marriage. Together, they had ten additional children, to add to the two still living from William’s second marriage. William was a lawyer in Penn Yan at the time. Around 1825, William and Mary/Mariah3 (Hart) Shattuck moved to Prattsburg, Steuben Co. There they appeared in the 1830 U.S. census. William and Mary/Mariah3 are clearly included. However, there are five males in the household who cannot be accounted for: two teenaged males aged 15-19, two young men aged 20-29 and one male aged 30-39 who were all too old to be their children. John Shattuck was born around 1825 and was their only known living son at the time of the census. These five unknown males remain a mystery. The young women are easier to identify. The five female children (born in or after 1811) are William’s daughters. However, there is a rather elderly woman in the household who was undoubtedly William’s mother, Lydia (Allis) Shattuck, would have been 79 at the time and is known to have died in 1833 in Prattsburg.480

Figure 60: Detail of Enumeration for William Shattuck from 1830 U.S. Census Prattsburg Twp., Steuben Co., N.Y. 481

Free White Persons - Males – Under 5: 1 [aft 1825] John b ca 1825 Free White Persons - Males – 15 thru 19: 2 [1811-15] Unknown?, Unknown?

a William and Aurilia/Aurelia (Bronson) Shattuck (his first wife) had two children, Sabra (born 1811), and a son 2 named Alfred (born 1813) who died in 1815. Aurilia Shattuck was the daughter of his second wife, MARY/MARIAH HART.

Free White Persons - Males – 20 thru 29: 2 [1801-10] Unknown?, Unknown? Free White Persons - Males – 30 thru 39: 1 [1791-1800] Unknown? Free White Persons - Males – 40 thru 49: 1 [1781-90] William b 1784 Free White Persons - Females - Under 5: 2 [aft 1825] Susan b 1828, Unidentified? Free White Persons - Females – 5 thru 9: 2 [1821-25] Mary E. 1821, Sophia b 1823 Free White Persons - Females – 10 thru 14: 1 [1816-20] Aurilia b 1818 Free White Persons - Females – 15 thru 19: 2 [1811-15] Sabra b 1811, Emma Elizabeth b 1816 Free White Persons - Females – 20 thru 29: 1 [1801-10] Mary/Mariah3 (Hart) Free White Persons - Females – 70 thru 79: 1 [1751-60] Unknown? Free White Persons - Under 20: 10 Total Free White Persons - Under 20: 16 ]Total - All Persons (Free White, Slaves, Free Colored): 7

Sometime prior to 1840, William and Mary/Mariah3 (Hart) Shattuck moved their family to Elk Twp., Warren Co., Penn. where Cleveland [1873:I:222] reports, “he engaged largely in land speculation. The household appears in the 1840 U.S. census for Elk. Of those enumerated, only one woman aged 40-49, cannot be identified.

Figure 61: Detail of Enumeration for William Shattuck from 1840 U.S. Census Elk Twp., Warren Co., Penn. 482

Free White Persons - Males - 10 thru 14: 1 [1826-30] John b ca 1825 Free White Persons - Males - 15 thru 19: 1 [1821-25] Unknown? Free White Persons - Males - 50 thru 59: 2 [1781-90] William b 1784 Free White Persons - Females - Under 5: 1 [aft 1835] Philinda/Phylinda b 1836 Free White Persons - Females - 5 thru 9: 2 [1831-35] Ann M. b 1832, Ellen b 1834 Free White Persons - Females - 10 thru 14: 2 [1826-30] Susan b 1828, Lydia E. b 1830 Free White Persons - Females - 30 thru 39: 1 [1801-10] Mary/Mariah3 (Hart) Free White Persons - Females - 40 thru 49: 1 [1791-1800] Unknown? Persons Employed in Agriculture: 3 Free White Persons - Under 20: 7 Free White Persons - 20 thru 49: 2 Total Free White Persons: 11 Total All Persons - Free White, Free Colored, Slaves: 11

Finally, sometime before 1850, William and Mary/Mariah3 (Hart) Shattuck brought their family back to N.Y. and settled in Randolph Twp, Cattaraugus Co. They remained there together until William’s death in 1871.483 The widow Mary/Mariah3 (Hart) Shattuck then moved in with her youngest son, William Shattuck Jr and youngest daughter, Clarissa “Clarey” D. Shattuck.484 Sometime prior to 1889, Mary/Mariah3 (Hart) Shattuck seems to have traveled all the way to Pierce Co., Washington Territory, where she appears in an 1889 State census.485 She then apparently traveled as far back as Chicago, Ill. where she died on 9 March 1897 at the age of 93.

The children of William and Aurilia/Aurelia (Bronson) Shattuck: i. Sabra Shattuck. She was born in 1811 probably at Penn Yan and died on 7 April 1849 at Randolph, Cattaraugus Co unmarried.486 ii. Alfred Shattuck. He was born in 1813 and died in 1815.487 He was buried at Lakeview Cemetery, Penn Yan.

2 The children of William and MARY/MARIA (HART) Shattuck: iii. Emma Elizabeth Shattuck. She was born on 6 Oct. 1816 and died on 16 Oct. 1818 in Penn Yan. She was buried at Lakeview Cemetery, Penn Yan. 488 iv. Aurilia Shattuck. She was born on 2 Aug. 1819, probably at Penn Yan. She married John Israel in 1833. They had three daughters: Jane Israel, Maria Israel, and Isabel Israel.489 v. Mary E. Shattuck. She was born on 28 April 1821 at Penn Yan490 and died on 10 Nov. 1843. 491 She married in 1839 Addison Crowley. 492 She was buried at Randolph Cemetery, Randolph, Cattaraugus Co.

3 a The children of William and Mary/Mariah (HART) Shattuck: vi. Sophia Shattuck. She was born on 19 Nov. 1823, probably at Penn Yan and died on 19 July 1867 in Warren Co., Penn. She married on 10 Sept. 1851 James Roy.493 He was born on 14 Sept. 1822 at Phelpstown, Ontario Co.494 and died in 1912 at Warren Co., Penn.495 He was buried at Oakland Cemetery, Glade Twp., Warren Co. 496 Their children: Helen (1853-?), Margaret (1856-?), Frances (1858-?), James (1862-?), Blanch (1864-?), and Adella (1865-?).497 vii. John Shattuck. He was born ca 15 Dec. 1825 probably at Pen Yan and died on 7 Oct. 1845.498 He was buried at Randolph Cemetery. 499 viii. Susan Shattuck. She was born on 15 Jan. 1828.500 ix. Lydia E. Shattuck. She was born on 7 Feb. 1830. She married on 17 June 1852 Archibald McKollor.501 x. Ann M. Shattuck. She was born on 21 April 1832. 502 xi. Ellen Shattuck. She was born on 2 Sept. 1834 at Penn. 503 xii. Philinda/Phylinda Shattuck. She was born on 28 Aug. 1836 at Penn. 504 and died in 1907 at Randolph Twp.505 She was buried at Randolph Cemetery. 506 xiii. Emma H. Shattuck. She was born on 26 Feb. 1842 at Penn. 507 xiv. c. She was born on 15 Dec. 1846 at Cattaraugus Co. 508 xv. William Shattuck Jr. He was born on 5 July 1850 at Cattaraugus Co. 509 and died on 5 Aug. 1888 at Randolph. 510 He was buried at Randolph Cemetery. 511

2 1 6. THOMAS HART (Epenetus )

2 a b THOMAS HART was born ca 1780-1784 probably in Fermanagh, Cumberland Co. Penn.

a See discussion of Mary/Mariah3 Hart earlier.

2 512 THOMAS was not charged as a defendant in the 1802 case against his father, it was possible the he died prior to 1802, but a “Thomas Hart” appears in the 1810 U.S. census for Benton Twp. so his death prior to 1802 is unlikely.

2 2 Conybeare [nd] reported that THOMAS and his brother JONATHAN appeared in the Geneva school district 1797-1801.c

2 The 1810 census seems to demonstrate that THOMAS had married by this time and may have had one to 2 three young daughters (under 10 years of age). As THOMAS ’s exact date of birth is unknown (probably sometime between 1780 and 1784) he would match either of the male age categories listed. The older female (aged 16-25) would probably be his wife. As for the others present, one possibility is that 2 THOMAS is the older male and there are two unidentified younger males (aged 16-25), too young to be 2 his children. A second interpretation would be that THOMAS is one of the two younger males and there is one younger male (aged 16-25) and one older male (aged 26-44) who are both unidentified. The 2 unidentified men could be siblings of THOMAS ’s wife or others. The three young girls could well be his daughters.

2 Figure 62: Detail of Enumeration for THOMAS HART from 1810 U.S. Census Benton Twp., Ontario Co., N.Y. 513

2 Free White Persons - Males - 16 thru 25: 2 [1785-1794] ?THOMAS b 1780-84, Unidentified? 2 Free White Persons - Males - 26 thru 44 : 1 [1766-1784] ?THOMAS b 1780-84 or Unidentified? Free White Persons - Females - Under 10: 3 [aft 1800] ?3 young daughters 2 Free White Persons - Females - 16 thru 25: 1 [1785-1794] ?wife of THOMAS Number of Household Members Under 16: 3 Number of Household Members Over 25: 1 Number of Household Members: 7

2 No further information on THOMAS HART or his possible household has been found.

2 1 7. EPENETUS HART JR (Epenetus )

2 d e EPENETUS HART JR was born before 1790 probably in Fermanagh, (then) Cumberland Co. Penn. and died (unknown) probably in Ontario Co., N.Y.

2 2 Conybeare [nd] reported that EPENETUS and his brother JONATHAN appeared in the Geneva school district 1797-1801.a

a Based on 1810Benton, p. 662, line 12. The oldest male in 1810 census in the “Ths Hart” household is listed as aged 26-44. The oldest female (presumably Thomas' wife) is aged 16-25. Based on this, it is assumed that Thomas was probably closer to his wife in age and thus about 26-30 yrs old at the time of the 1810 census. b His parents were in Fermanagh Twp., Cumberland Co., Penn. at the time of his birth per PATaxList [Fermanagh:1787]. c However, subsequent research efforts in Geneva and in Ontario Co. have failed to uncover the original of such a record. d Based on 1790Mifflin, it seems that Epenetus had at least seven living children in Fermanagh Twp. in 1790. e His parents were in Fermanagh Twp. at the time of his birth per PATaxList [Fermanagh:1787].

2 EPENETUS was also named as a defendant in the 1802 bill of reviver filed in the law suit brought against her father by Charles Williamson.514 In the same affidavit filed by Isaac Drury on 15 April 1802 where 2 reported that Richard Montgomery and AMY (HART) Williams had moved to Georgia, he also reports having had a subpoena to be served against “Epenetus Hart”b and that the deponent “…was then told by the said John Griffin that the said Epenetus Hart was nonresident in this state but in the State of Georgia aforesaid which information this deponent also verily believes to be true.” 515

2 No further information has been found on EPENETUS HART JR. Perhaps he never returned from his trip to Georgia, though he doesn’t seem be listed in period records for that state either). The family name “Hart” was relatively common, but the given name “Epenetus” quite rare.

E. The HART Family Moves Westward ca 1822

1 2 1 Of the seven named children of EPENETUS HART and MARY (ARMSTRONG) Hart (Alexander ), four 2 2 2 2 (BETSY , AMY , JONATHAN , and MARY ) are recorded as having definitely died in N.Y. Only one 2 member of this Hart family, ARMSTRONG , seems to have migrated westward. There is no record of the 2 2 fate of the other two sons, EPENETUS and THOMAS . (Though as stated above, while there is no proof, it 2 is possible that EPENETUS HART JR had not returned from his move to George ca 1801/1802 with his 2 sister and her husband, Richard Montgomery and AMY (HART) Williams.)

2 There is no record of the reason for ARMSTRONG HART’s decision to leave N.Y. and abandon his four daughters there, or for his choice of Missouri as his destination. The lack of proof that his first wife, Susan Riggs, had definitely died (despite of Cleveland’s [1873:I:222] assertion); and his decision to leave his four daughters are peculiar. However, happening as it did in the 1820s his decision to move westward could also have been brought on by the same peripatetic urges that influenced three of the other four families (Armstrong, Howard, and McLean), along with thousands of their fellow New Yorkers.

2 ARMSTRONG ’s presence in N.Y. is last documented in 1815 in the newspaper announcement for Hart & Jones Hatters (See Figure 55, above). 516 Around 1821-22, at approximately 46 to 49 years old and roughly thirty years after he and his family had moved from Fermanagh Twp. to (then) Ontario Co., 2 ARMSTRONG left his four daughters and moved to Washington Twp., Missouri. He remarried there within in a year or so (ca 1822-23) and took over the business of his new wife’s dead husband as a ferryman on the Missouri River. Together, they started a new family with three sons, in addition to two sons and a daughter from her first marriage to Isaac Murphy.c

2 Children of ARMSTRONG HART and his second wife, Nancy (Todd) Murphy, all born in Franklin Co., were:

a However, subsequent research efforts in Geneva and in Ontario Co. have failed to uncover the original of such a record. b 2 1 This was certainly EPENETUS HART JR (Epenetus ) since it was already known by court by this date that 1 EPENETUS HART was deceased. c The children of Isaac and Nancy (Todd) Murphy were: Isaiah Todd Murphy (1815-1898), Elijah Wesley Murphy (1817-1895), and Mary Ann Murphy (1821-1895). For further details, see http://www.acvancestors.com/g1/p1266.htm#i37967.

i. Albert Gallatin3 Hart (Armstrong2, Epenetus1). He was born 28 March 1824a in St. Johns Twp., Franklin Co.b He died on 17 August 1884517 near Warrensburg in Center View Twp., Johnson Co., Missouri.518 He married 25 May 1848 in Franklin Co. Catherine McKeehan.519 She was born 28 September 1825520 in Tenn.521 And died 25 July 1884 in Johnson Co.522 Both are buried in Lea Cemetery, Johnson Co.523 The children of Albert Gallatin3 and Catherine (McKeehan) Hart were: Samuel A. 4 Hart (born 1849), Nancy A. 4 Hart (born ca 1851), Mariah/Maria J. 4 Hart (1853-1947), Alice 4 Hart (born ca 1855), Orilla Alice 4 Hart (1856-1938), John J. 4 Hart (born ca 1858), Jesse L. 4 Hart (1859-1934), Francis 4 Hart (born ca 1865), and Eugene 4 Hart (born 1869).c ii. Epenetus B. 3 Hart. He was born in 1826 in Franklin Co., Missouri and died 1 January 1895 in Montrose Twp., Henry Co., Missouri. He married 22 March 1848 at Franklin Co. Prudence Allison Todd,d born 19 May 1833 in Franklin Co. and died 2 May 1908 in Clinton Twp., Henry Co. They were both buried in Montrose Cemetery, Montrose Twp., Henry Co. The children of Epenetus B. 3 and Prudence Allison (Todd) Hart were: Julius T.4 Hart (1851-1889), Edward Everett4 Hart (1853-1914), Charles Theodore4 “Todd” Hart (1855-1931), Henry H.4 Hart (born ca 1859), Anna Elizabeteh4 Hart (1862-1916), and Cora Lee4 Hart (1866-1737). e iii. Joseph Todd3 Hart. He was born 27 July 1829 in St. Johns Twp.., Franklin Co. and died 31 May 1913 in Clinton Twp. Henry Co.524 He married 17 March 1852 in Franklin Co. Margaret A. Orilla\Rilla Todd.f She was born 30 December 1834 in Franklin Co. and died 25 March 1914 in Clinton Twp.525 They are both buried in Englewood Cemetery, Clinton Twp.526 The children of Joseph Todd3 and Margaret A. Orilla\Rilla (Todd) Hart were: Francis M. 4 “Frank” Hart (1856- 1935) and John Edwin4 Hart (1859-1939).

2 ARMSTRONG ’s presence in Mo. is not actually documented until 10 August 1828 when he certified a wedding as a Justice of the Peace in Franklin Co. 527 However, he was undoubtedly in Missouri at least by 28 March 1824 when his first son by his second marriage, Albert Gallatin3 Hart, was born in St. John’s Twp. Franklin Co., Missourig, and quite probably by June 1823 – nine months before Albert Gallatin3’s birth and by which date he had presumably married his second wife, Albert Gallatin3’s mother, Nancy (Todd) Murphy.h

a Date of birth from Find A Grave Memorial #83786968. Grave marker reads “Died Aug. 17, 1884, aged 60 ys 4 mo 20 ds”. b This is where his parents were living at the time. c For further details on the children and sources see http://www.acvancestors.com/g0/p111.htm#i3321. d Prudence was the grandniece of Nancy Todd Murphy Hart, Epenetus B.3’s mother, granddaughter of Nancy’s older brother Isaiah Todd. Prudence and Epenetus B.3were first cousins, once removed. e For further details on the children and sources see http://www.acvancestors.com/g0/p58.htm#i1736. f From MOMarriages. Margaret was also the grandniece of Nancy Todd Murphy Hart, Epenetus3’s mother, granddaughter of Nancy’s older brother Isaiah Todd. Margaret A. Orilla\Rilla Todd and Joseph Todd3 Hart were first cousins, once removed. g His date of birth is calculated from his grave market which was engraved with “Died 18 Aug 1884, aged 60 ys 4 mo 20 ds”. Find A Grave Memorial #83786968. h A minor oddity is that the given “Albert” and “Gallatin” aren’t found in either Nancy (Todd) Murphy’s or 2 3 3 ARMSTRONG ’s families, while the names of their next two sons, Epenetus B. and Joseph Todd , are the names of 2 ARMSTRONG ’s and Nancy’s fathers, respectively. However, there was a fairly renowned statesman and diplomat, Albert Gallatin (1761-1849), who in 1823 returned to the U. S. from serving as Minister to France and was nominated as the Vice Presidential candidate of the Democratic-republican Congressional caucus (but was forced to withdraw because of a lack of public support). Gallatin was an opponent of Andrew Jackson at the time. See Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Gallatin.

2 1 Figure 63: Migration of ARMSTRONG HART (Epenetus ) Westward from Yates Co., N.Y. to Franklin Co., Mo. ca 1822-1823 528

Fermanagh Benton to to Benton Washington 1793/4 1823/4

2 The documentary record of ARMSTRONG ‘s life in Missouri is somewhat sparse, but he did make somewhat of a mark on the Missouri frontier of the 1820s through his occupations and public service.

2 Not long after he reached Franklin Co., Missouri, ARMSTRONG married Nancy (Todd) Murphy, the widow of Isaac Murphy. Isaac had owned and operated one of the first ferries across the Missouri River at what is today Washington Twp. Isaac was also the first clerk of the Franklin Co. Circuit Court.529 He had died in 1821.530 According to Gregory [2010:7]:531 Before steamboats, the travel of man on the Missouri River was by swimming or by rafts, canoes, skiffs and larger boats, man-powered, but sometimes making use of a sail or sails. After settlement on both sides of the lower river, getting across the big river was often a problem and ferries were made to solve it. Between the early settlements of La Charette and St. John's a licensed ferry was established in 1814. Early court records of St. Louis, St. Charles and Franklin counties mention the ferries of Daugherty, Murphy, Hart, Caldwell, Smith and Owens. . The ferry of Isaac Murphy in 1815 consisted of two large canoes with a platform on top, which had to be oared and poled across." Owning a ferry was a bit of a family occupation for the Hart family and its relations. The “Murphy” 2 listed by Gregory is Isaac Murphy, the first husband of ARMSTRONG ’S wife Nancy (Todd) Murphy Hart. 2 ARMSTRONG is the “Hart” he lists. “Caldwell” may well be the Kinkead Caldwell mentioned in the

95 marriage certificate cited below. Joseph R. Harden, Nancy (Todd) Murphy Hart’s son-in-law (married Mary Ann Murphy, daughter of Nancy and Isaac Murphy), was also a ferry operator.532

2 533 ARMSTRONG HART also served as a Justice of the Peace for Franklin Co. He certified a number of marriages during his relatively short life in Missouri (ca 1822-1829). One marriage certified by 2 534 ARMSTRONG on 10 August 1828 was between Kinkead Caldwell and Polly Cantty/Cantly.

2 Additional documentary evidence of ARMSTRONG HART’s presence is the registration on 1 April 1829 2 of land he purchased with Benoni Sappington in the year ARMSTRONG died: 160 acres of public land, described as Section 20 Twp. 44N Range 1W, Franklin County.535 It appears that plot of land would have been located on the western edge of what became Washington Twp. The location of Section 20 is shown in Figure 64. A standard Section is one mile square and contains 640 acres of land. The land they obtained would have amounted to one quarter of Section 20. Figure 64: Map of Twp. 44-N, Range 1-W, Section 20, Franklin Co., Missouri (1901)536

2 ARMSTRONG HART died in Franklin Co. on 24 Dec. 1829: "16 January 1830 - Died at his residence in Franklin Co., Mo., on 24 December 1829, of a tedious pulmonary complaint, Armstrong Hart, Esq., formerly of Geneva, New York. He was a kind husband, an affectionate father and a warm friend."537

He left a will dated 26 Nov 1829, leaving his estate to his wife and bequests to his three sons in Missouri (“Albert, Epenetus, and Joseph”) and four daughters in New York, (“Maria, Eliza, Emmy and Susan 538 2 Ann”). A transcription of ARMSTRONG ’s will is given in Figure 65, below. Benoni Sappington and ARMSTRONG2’s brother-in-law, Isaiah Todd witnessed the will. Armstrong opens by acknowledging that he is “in a low state of health.” He died less than one month later.

2 Figure 65: Transcription of Will of ARMSTRONG HART of Franklin Co., Missouri, Dated 26 November 1829 and Proved 3 May 1830 a 539

In the name of God Amen I Armstrong Hart of the County of Franklin in the State of Missouri, being in a low state of health and knowing that it is appointed for all men once to die and believing it very probable that the disease under which I now labor will prove fatal, but feeling assured that my mind is unimpaired and that I now possess a disposing memory, I do make the following my last will and testament. First: I wish that my body should receive at the hands of my friends and executors a decent burial. Secondly: It is my wish that all my just debts be paid and for that purpose it is my will that my executors sell at private or public sale as they may find most expedient so much of my personal estate as will raise a sum sufficient to pay them. If, however, my executors should think it would be more to the advantage of my estate to pay my debts out of the rents that may be coming to me from the letting of my interest in the grist and saw mills which I now own, then it is my will that my debts be so paid and my personal property be disposed of as hereinafter mentioned. If my executors should settle my debts out of the rents of the mills, then it is my wish that my wife take and keep during her widowhood the whole of my personal estate to be by her used for the support and maintenance of the family, and if my executors should sell a part of my personal estate, then it is my will that the remaining part and the rents of my mills be given to my wife so long as she remains single to be used by her as aforesaid. It is my desire that my wife remain on the plantation where I now live and cultivate the farm, but if in her opinion and in the opinion of my executors it would be more to her interest that the farm and ferry should be leased, together with the negro man Paul, then it is my will that they be let out and the profits be given to my wife for the support of the family. My wife received out of the estate of Isaac Murphy at the appraised value the negro man named Paul that is now in the family. Whether by the laws of the country this negro is my property, I am not advised. If it should so turn out that he is not mine and those who have now or should hereafter have the management of said Isaac Murphy's estate should claim off of my estate the hire of said negro, then in that case I wish my executors to charge the estate of said Murphy with the raising and schooling of the heirs of said Murphy. If my wife should think proper to marry again, I wish for my executors then to dispose of all the personal property, after she has taken her share, and the amount raised by such sale and the hire of my negro girl Louisa and the rent of my mills to be then applied to the schooling and maintenance of my three sons, Albert, Epenetus and Joseph. After my three sons are raised and become of age, I will to them and my four daughters in New York, to wit, Maria, Eliza, Emmy and Susan Ann, my interest in the tract of land upon which my mills are built and my interest in those mills, my negro girl named Louisa and her increase, the negro man Paul (if he should be my property) and indeed all and everything that may at that day be a part of my estate. It is my desire, however, that my girls should receive their shares of my estate at an earlier period than the time before mentioned, and if my executors after a lapse of some three or four years after my decease should be enabled to make an estimate of my estate and should find that it will [not] injure the estate to sell so much thereof as will pay them their shares, it is then my will it be so arranged.

a Transcription of the will made by the present author. References to names of family members are underlined by the transcriber.

I constitute and appoint Bennoni Sappington and William G. Owens executors to this my last will and testament. In testimony of all which I hereunto set my hand and seal the twenty-sixth of November in the year 1829. Signed and acknowledged in the presence of B. Sappington and Isaiah Todd /s/ Armstrong Hart (Seal) Recorded this 3rd of May 1830. State of Missouri ) I, William G. Owens, Clerk of the County Court within and for the County of Franklin in the State of County of Franklin ) Missouri, to all to whom these presents shall come greeting. Whereas Armstrong Hart, late of the County of Franklin, deceased, died leaving his last will and testament and Bennoni Sappington, the executor therein named, having given sufficient security, I do therefore give and grant unto you the said Bennoni Sappington full power and authority to administer (with the will annexed and according to the tenor thereof) all and singular the goods, chattels, rights and credits of the said deceased lying and being in the said county of Franklin and to demand, collect and in a legal manner require and receive any and all manner of debt and debts due and owing to the said deceased and well and faithfully to dispose of the same according to law. And lastly I do hereby constitute and appoint the said Bennoni Sappington administrator with the will annexed of all and singular the goods, chattels, rights and credits of the said deceased. In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand and private seal, there being no seal of office yet provided, this third day of May in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and thirty. Wm G. Owens, Clerk. Recorded 5th of May 1830. State of Missouri, County of Franklin. By the tenor of these presents I William G. Owens, Clerk of the County Court in and for the county aforesaid, by law authorized to take the proof of wills, grant letters of administration and letters testamentary, do make known to all men that on the _____ of ______in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and thirty in open court was proved, approved and insinuate the last will and testament of Armstrong Hart, deceased, a true copy whereof is to these (illegible) annexed, having whilst he lived and at the time of his death diverse goods, chattels, rights and credits within the said County of Franklin by reason whereof the approbation and insinuation of the said last will and testament and committing of the administration of all and singular the goods, chattels, rights and credits which were of the said deceased to me are manifestly known to belong and the administration of all and singular the goods chattels, rights and credits of the said deceased in any way concerning the said last will and testament was committed to Bennoni Sappington in the said last will and testament of the said Armstrong Hart, deceased, by him named and having been first sworn well and truly to administer the goods, chattels, rights and credits of the said deceased and to make a true and perfect inventory thereof and exhibit the same into the aforesaid clerk's office when thereto required and to render a just and true account of the executorship when thereunto lawfully required, in testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand and private seal (there being no seal of office yet provided) at Union this third day of May in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and thirty. Wm G. Owens, Clerk. Recorded this 3rd day of May 1830.

2 540 The probate of ARMSTRONG HART’s estate was recorded on 3 May 1830 in Franklin Co., Mo.

1 2 This third generation of the EPENETUS HART family lived, ARMSTRONG and Nancy (Todd) (Murphy) HART and their three Mo. born sons, lived and all died in Missouri, but some of the fourth generation of children, born in the two decades spanning the Civil War (1849-1869) continued the migration, spreading to Arkansas, Oklahoma, California and Montana by the end of the 19th century.

1 2 One other descendant of EPENETUS HART, his grandson Epenetus H. Griffin (son of ELIZABETH HART and John Griffin) moved from Allegan Co. to Chemnung Twp., McHenry Co., Ill sometime between 1850 and 1860.a 541

1 Figure 66: Spread of the Descendants of EPENETUS HART from Fermanagh Twp. to Ontario and Yates Counties, N.Y., and Onward to (1) Franklin Co., Mo. and (2) McHenry Co., Ill. 542

(2)

(1)

2 1 = ARMSTRONG HART 2 = Epenetus H. GRIFFIN

a Epenetus H. Griffin is listed in the Oct. 1850 enumeration for the U.S. census for Cuba Twp., Allegany Co., N.Y. and then next in the Oct. 1860 for the U.S. census for Chemnung Twp., McHenry Co., Ill.

1 CHAPTER 4 THE FAMILY OF THOMAS HOWARD

This research on the Howard family has focused just on the period of interaction with the other four 1 families in the period 1751-1855. There is no information here on the origins and ancestors of THOMAS HOWARD and little on his descendants beyond this period. A descendant chart for the first four 1 generations of this family from THOMAS are shown in Appendix C.

1 a 543 THOMAS HOWARD was born 15 November 1758 ; his place of birth is unknown. He married 17 March 1783544 probably in Fermanagh Twp., Cumberland Co., Penn.,b and died on 25 May 1828 in Grand Rapids, Wood Co., Ohio.545 He was buried in the Howard family cemetery, Grand Rapids.546 He married 1 c d 547 ELIZABETH ARMSTRONG. She was born on or about 1765 and her place of birth is unknown. She died 17 Sept. 1810 in Benton Twp, Yates Co. N.Y. 548

1 1 The children of THOMAS HOWARD and ELIZABETH (ARMSTRONG) HOWARD:

2 1 i. WILLIAM HOWARD. 2 ii. SARAH HOWARD. She was born before 1783 at Cumberland Co., Penn. Her date and place of death are unknown.e It is not known if she married. 2 2 iii. ALEXANDER HOWARD. 2 3 iv. EDWARD HOWARD. 2 v. ELIZABETH HOWARD. She was born in 1789 and died in 1790; probably at Fermanagh.f 549 2 vi. SYDNEY I HOWARD. She was born in 1791 probably at Fermanagh and died in 1794 in infancy, in Seneca.550 2 vii. JAMES MARTIN HOWARD. He was born in 1793 probably at Fermanagh and died in 1794 at Seneca, Ontario Co., N.Y.551 2 4 viii. SYDNEY II HOWARD. 2 5 ix. ROBERT ARMSTRONG HOWARD. 2 6 x. RICHARD MONTGOMERY WILLIAM HOWARD.

a According to FindAGrave.com [21784939], his grave marker is inscribed “Aged 66 Years”, which would indicate a birthdate in 1758/9. b 1 THOMAS served in the Cumberland Co. militia at various times between 1778 and 1783 and was recorded as living in Fermanagh Twp. in tax and supply rate lists of 1781 and 1782. c 1 1 It is possible that she was the sister of ALEXANDER and ROBERT ARMSTRONG, but there is no definitive 1 proof of this. The 1783 will of ROBERT ARMSTRONG mentions a sister, “Elizabeth”. See Armstrong [1783]. Also see the more extensive discussion of this issue in the chapter on the ARMSTRONG family. d 1 Based on the age given for THOMAS ’s household’s oldest female (aged 26 – 44) in the 1800 census for Seneca Twp., Ontario Co., N.Y. Her obituary says she died on 10 Sept. 1810 aged about 45. e A daughter named Sarah based on the reference in Armstrong [1873], in which he says, "I will to my sister Eliz's Daughter Sarah the sum of Ten pounds.” However, Sarah’s name does not appear in the records of 1 THOMAS ’s children who moved from Yates Co., N.Y. to Ohio 1821-1822, so she may have died prior to that date; possibly even before the family left Penn. One discussion of the children is in Knapp, Horace S. History of the Maumee Valley: commencing with its occupation by the French in 1680, to which is added sketches of some of its moral and material resources as they exist in 1872. Blade, Mammoth Print and Pub. House, Toledo, Ohio, 1872, p. 649. Also see Waggoner [1888:390-2]. f Thomas1 HOWARD was living in Fermanagh in 1790, as shown by state supply rate and tax assessment lists, and 1790Mifflin, p. 105, column 2, line 23.

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This chapter does not attempt to trace the origins of this Howard family before their appearance in 1 Cumberland Co., Penn. My one source on THOMAS HOWARD’s birth, an application for the Sons of the 1 552 American Revolution (SAR) gives THOMAS ’s birthdate but is silent on where he was born.

A. The HOWARD Family in Pennsylvania 1778 to 1794

1 We know the date of THOMAS HOWARD’s birth, but we don’t know if he was born in Pennsylvania. 1 The first record of THOMAS HOWARD IN Penn. is his Revolutionary War militia record beginning in March 1778 553 and it places him in Cumberland Co., Penn. at least by the age of nineteen or twenty. a 1 1 THOMAS HOWARD and ELIZABETH (ARMSTRONG) HOWARD may have married on 17 March 554 b 1 1783, though this date has a potential problem. At least seven of the children of THOMAS 1 HOWARD and ELIZABETH (ARMSTRONG) HOWARD were born in Penn (probably in Fermanagh): 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 WILLIAM , SARAH , EDWARD , ALEXANDER , ELIZABETH , JAMES , and SYDNEY I .

1 THOMAS did not appear in either the 1778 Supply Rate List or State Tax List for anywhere else in Penn., 1 possibly because he was away on military service at the time. THOMAS seems to first appear specifically in Fermanagh in 1779 where he is listed as a Freeman555 and remains there through 1789, as is shown in 1 Figure 67. We do not know where THOMAS was prior to 1779, but there is evidence, based on the roster of men and officers in his 1778 Cumberland Co. militia unit556 that he was already in the area that later became Mifflin, then Juniata Co., possibly in or near Lack Twp. c

1 1 2 2 In 1780, THOMAS is mentioned along with EPENETUS HART, JAMES ARMSTRONG, ALEXANDER 1 ARMSTRONG, and ANTHONY II TRIMMER in an agreement relating to protecting the frontier against Indian attacks in the Fermanagh Twp. area.557 All of these men are recorded as serving in the Cumberland Co. militia in that year.

a There is a 2 August 1766 record of a land transaction for a Thomas Howard in Bedford Twp., Cumberland Co. 1 (now Bedford Co.), Penn. However, if the 1758 birthdate is correct, THOMAS would have only been 6 at the time. See PAHisMusCmsnLand Warrant Application No. 673 of 2 August 1766 and related Survey of May 1767 in Survey Book B-12, p. 33. b 1 If his wife was indeed ELIZABETH (ARMSTRONG) HOWARD, whose daughter “Sarah” was referenced in 1’ 1 the June 1783 will of ELIZABETH s brother, ROBERT ARMSTRONG (Armstrong [1783]), then either she and 1 1 THOMAS were possibly married before 1783 or ELIZABETH ARMSTRONG had an earlier marriage (which latter could be one of several possible explanations as to why her brother does not refer to her by her married name in his will). c A Thomas Howard and several Widow Howard listings appear in the 1778 supply rate list for the town of Derry (in western Penn. in today’s Westmoreland Co.), but a comparison of the roster of the forty six men and 1 officers in THOMAS ’s 1778 militia unit found no one of the same name in the 1778 Derry Twp. list. A comparison of the same 1778 militia roster finds six men with the same names in the 1778 Lack Twp. supply rate list (Lack is in western Juniata Co. today, not too far from Fermanagh), but reveals no one named Howard in Lack. Ellis & Hungerford [1886:727-33] discuss the formation of Lack Twp. starting in the 1760s and include several lists of early 1 settlers. These lists mention at least seven early settlers with the same names as men on the roster of THOMAS ’s 1778 militia unit, but no one named Howard.

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1 Figure 67: Listings of THOMAS HOWARD in Fermanagh Twp., Cumberland Co. Supply Rates and Tax Lists for 1778 – 1789 558

1778 1779 1780 1781 1782 Supply State Supply State Supply State Supply State Supply State Rate Tax Rate Tax Rate Tax Rate Tax Rate Tax F F F F

1785 1786 1787 1788 1789 Supply State Supply State Supply State Supply State Supply State Rate Tax Rate Tax Rate Tax Rate Tax Rate Tax L X L X B (97) X L X L X Key: F = Freeman L = Livestock only B (acres) = Land & Livestock X = Listed As discussed in earlier chapters, the 1790 census for (then) Mifflin Co. is not divided by township. 1 1 2 However, THOMAS appears on the same page of that census as EPENETUS HART, ALEXANDER 1 ARMSTRONG and JOHN S. MCLEAN. This listing shows a family of possibly 6 children, as shown in Figure 68:

1 Figure 68: Detail of Enumeration for THOMAS HOWARD from 1790 U. S. Census, Mifflin Co., Penn. 559

2 2 Free White Persons - Males - Under 16: 3 [aft 1774] WILLIAM b 1782, ALEXANDER b 2 1785, EDWARD b 1787 1 Free White Persons - Males - 16 and over: 1 [bef 1774] THOMAS a 1 2 Free White Persons - Females: 4 ELIZABETH (ARMSTRONG), SARAH , 2 2 ELIZABETH , SYDNEY I Total Household 8

1 1 This matches the known children of THOMAS HOWARD and ELIZABETH (ARMSTRONG) HOWARD as follows: Male children < 16: 3 Females of all ages: 4 1. William – b ca 1780 1. Sarah – b bef 1783 2. Edward – b ca 1783 2. Elizabeth – b 1789 1 3. Alexander – b 1785 3. ELIZABETH – b 1755-1759 4. (unknown daughter, female relative, Males 16 and over: 1 boarder or household worker) 1 1. THOMAS – b 1758

1 The fact that THOMAS is listed as a freeman or only with land holdings in one of the 9 years he appears in the Fermanagh supply rate lists and state tax lists shown in Figure 67, above, is consistent with the fact

a It is difficult to be accurate about the daughters who may have been present/living in 1790.

102 that he only appears in one land transaction related to land in Fermanagh during the period prior to his leaving the area for N.Y. (ca 1794-5) and possibly two others.

a 1 1 In his earliest transaction dated 14 January 1788, THOMAS HOWARD, JOHN S. MCLEAN, AND 2 GEORGE ARMSTRONG jointly warranted 300 acres of land in Mill Creek Valley on the south side of Black Oak Ridge, in Beaver Dam Twp., Northumberland Co.560 This transaction serves to further cement 1 the link between THOMAS and at least three of the other four families. Not only did he join at least one 1 ARMSTRONG family and JOHN S. MCLEAN in this warrant, but the warrant document notes that this 1 b 2 land is joining land of EPENETUS HART . On the same date, ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG and is wife “Margaret” acquired 200 acres also in Beaver Dam Twp, and also described as “adjoining land of 1 c EPENETUS HART.” No explanation for these four families suddenly acquiring land in Northumberland 1 Co. not surfaced, other than possibly for pure speculation. Since THOMAS appears in the Fermanagh supply rate and state tax lists for 1787, 1788 and 1789, and appears located close to the others in the 1790 Mifflin Co. federal census, it seems that he kept his family in Fermanagh and did not physically relocate to Beaver Dam.

d 561 1 On 18 January 1794, THOMAS HOWARD received a warrant for forty acres in Fermanagh Twp., “joining land of Alexander Armstrong.” e

1 Ten days later, on 28 Jan 1794, THOMAS HOWARD received a warrant for four hundred and seven acres in Armagh Twp., Mifflin Co.f 562 As this turns out to have been not long prior to his move to N.Y., this was perhaps land purchased an investment for quick resale to raise proceeds for his family’s move. Finally, on 29 May 1794, there is the record of the sale563 of two tracts of land in Fermanagh Twp. by 1 g THOMAS HOWARD and his wife Elizabeth to an Edward Howard “....both of Fermanagh township.” The deed mentions that this land is “bounded by lands of “Alexr Armstrong” and being part of a tract of 1 h land that was originally sold to THOMAS by “said Armstrong.” This may be the same land warranted to 1 THOMAS on 17 Jan. 1794 (see above). This sale must have occurred just immediately prior to the family’s move to Ontario Co., N.Y. later that same year.

1 B. Revolutionary War Service of THOMAS HOWARD 1778 – 1783

1 At least 10 published records show THOMAS HOWARD serving in the Cumberland Co. militia during 1 the Revolutionary War on at least between 1777 and 1783. He served in the same units as EPENETUS 1 HART and ANTHONY II TRIMMER in at least 1782.

a 1 Ignoring the 1766 warrant in Bedford Twp., which is probably too early to be THOMAS as mentioned above. b 1 EPENETUS acquired his land there in 1787, as described in the chapter on the HART family, above. c This warrant by ALEXANDER2 AND Margaret ARMSTRONG is discussed in the chapter on the ARMSTRONG family, above. d Warrant “…forty acres of land adjoining land of Alexander Armstrong, Hugh McCalister [sic], John Hamilton and others in Fermanagh township.” e 1 2 It is uncertain if this is ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG, SR or his son, ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG, JR. f Warrant 407 acres 54 perches “near Mifflin and Huntingdon line.” g 2 Their own son, EDWARD HOWARD was only about eleven at this time so this may not him, but the Edward in the deed is referred to as “…of Fermanagh township.” h 1 2 Again, it is uncertain if this is ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG, SR or his son, ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG, JR.

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Figure 69: Revolutionary War Units/Service in the Cumberland Co. Militia of 1 a 564 THOMAS HOWARD 1777-1783

1776 1777 1778 1779 1780 1781 1782 1 Thomas HOWARD 8,9 16 23 24,26,30 25,31,32 1 b Details of THOMAS ‘s service in Columbia County Militia Units shown in Figure 69 include: 8 4th Battalion, 7th Class, Capt. James McConal's Co., March 1778 [Lack Twp.] 565 9 6th Battalion, 3rd Class, Capt. Samuel Patten's Co., July 1778 [Hamilton Twp.] 566 16 4th Battalion, 3rd Co., 3rd Class, Capt. Joseph Culbertson's Co., Aug. 1780 [Letterkenny Twp.] 567 23 4th Battalion, 3rd Co., Capt. Joseph Culbertson’s Co., July 1, 1781 [Letterkenny Twp.] 568 24 7th Battalion, 1st Co., 2nd Class 12 March 1782 (commanding officer not identified) [Milford 1 569 Twp.] – Served with ANTHONY II TRIMMER 25 Capt. Robert Samuel's Payroll, April - June, 1782 (unit not identified) [Derry Twp.] 570 26 Capt. David Boal's Payroll, June 22 - August 29, 1782 (unit not identified) [Greenwood Twp.] 1 1 571 - Served with EPENETUS HART and ANTHONY II TRIMMER 30 7th Battalion, 2nd Class, Commanded by Col. James Purdy, Capt. Hugh McAlister's Co., 1 1 August 24, 1782 [Fermanagh Twp.] - Served with EPENETUS HART and ANTHONY II TRIMMER572 31 7th Battalion, 2nd & 3rd Classes, 12 March 1782 (commanding officer not identified) [Unknown Twp.] 573 32 8th Battalion 2nd & 3rd Classes, Capt. Robert Samuels’ Co., 19 May – 19 July 1782 [Derry Twp.] 574 1 In addition to these unit service records, THOMAS HOWARD is listed in Pennsylvania records as having received depreciation pay,575 as serving as a “Soldier of the Revolutionary War”,576 and as a “Ranger on the Frontiers”,c 577 all while serving in the Cumberland Co. militia.

1 Figure 70: Other Revolutionary War Service Records of THOMAS HOWARD

Received “Soldier of the “Ranger of Individual Depreciation Revolutionary the Pay578 War”579 Frontiers”580 1 THOMAS HOWARD X X Not listed

On the basis of this service, in 1818 he filed for and was awarded a pension, as discussed below.

1 Various town, military and land records, provide abundant evidence of strong links between THOMAS HOWARD and all of the other four families in Pennsylvania:

1 • THOMAS HOWARD lived for at least eleven years (1779-1790) in Fermanagh with the other five families.

a Unit listing numbers in pink identify units in which two or more members of the five families served together. b Information about units in the original sources is often incomplete regarding unit numbers and dates of service. c Here he is listed in the same pages as Lieut. Ebenetus [sic] Hart and Anthony Trimmer.

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1 • Though there is reasonable doubt as to the identification of THOMAS ’s wife Elizabeth as 1 1 ELIZABETH ARMSTRONG, sister of ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG, it is clear that 1 1 1 THOMAS ’s sister SARAH HOWARD was married to ANTHONY II TRIMMER. 2 • He purchased land in Northumberland Co. in partnership or in association with the GEORGE and 2 1 1 ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG, JOHN S. MCLEAN and EPENETUS HART. 1 • Finally, he served in the same militia unit at the same time as EPENETUS HART and ANTHONY 1 II TRIMMER.

1 The last recorded presence of THOMAS HOWARD in Penn. is the sale of land in Fermanagh by 1 581 THOMAS and his wife Elizabeth on 29 May 1794, described above.

C. The HOWARD Family in New York 1794 to 1821

1 THOMAS HOWARD, probably with his wife and children, moved from Fermanagh to Ontario Co., N.Y. sometime between 29 May 1794 (his last land sale - in Fermanagh) 582 and 10 March 1795 (his first N.Y. land purchase - in Geneva, Ontario Co.).583 Given the rigors of winter travel up the Susquehanna River, 1 the move was probably over the summer or fall of 1794. However, it is possible that THOMAS travelled to Geneva first, bought a homestead there and then brought his family up from Penn. in the spring of 1795. This is only speculation; there is no information on their travel. The earliest records of the presence of the HOWARD family in N.Y. are:

1 a • The first record of THOMAS HOWARD in New York is land transaction dated 10 March 1795, only ten months after the sale of his land in Fermanagh in May 1794. (This first transaction in 1 N.Y. is discussed below.) What is also worth noting about THOMAS ’s first new land purchase in 1 N.Y. is that he made it jointly with John Griffin, who was the husband of EPENETUS HART’s 2 daughter, ELIZABETH “BETSY” HART; once again underlining the tie between the HOWARD and HART families. 1 1 2 • THOMAS and ELIZABETH (ARMSTRONG) HOWARD’s daughter, SYDNEY II , was born 5 584 1 Nov 1795 in Geneva, Ontario Co., proving conclusively that both THOMAS and his wife (and probably all of their children) had arrived there by that time. In speaking of early settlers of Ontario Co., Cleveland [1873:300] “Sarah Howard, a sister of Thomas Howard, also an early settler… The Armstrongs, Harts, McLeans, Howards and Trimmers were all members of the same colony.”

1 1 THOMAS HOWARD and ELIZABETH (ARMSTRONG) HOWARD’s three youngest children were born 2 2 2 in Penn: SYDNEY II , ROBERT ARMSTRONG and RICHARD MONTGOMERY WILLIAMS . Starting in 1800, federal census and N.Y. state tax records document the location of the Howard family in Ontario Co. along with the other four families, as shown in Figure 71, above. Summarizing the data from 1 b the early N.Y. state assessment lists, we find THOMAS recorded in the towns of Seneca (1800), Jerusalem (1801 and 1802), and Vernon (1803 and 1804); always accompanied by the other families. It is

a 1 In a deed dated 10 March 1795, THOMAS HOWARD and John Griffin purchased an 8 acre lot in the town of Geneva, as well as a ¾ acre lot for the purpose of building. OntCoNYArch, Deeds, Liber 4, pp. 23-25. b The New York State Archives and Ontario County Records and Archives Center have confirmed that most of the pages of 1799 tax assessment list are missing. Only two pages remain containing an “Account of Taxes not Paid.” Only six names of those assessed in the town are identified.

105 likely that some of the changes if not all of in recorded towns were due to shifting township borders and not to the families actually moving.

1 Figure 71: Presence of THOMAS HOWARD in Ontario Co., N.Y. in the 1800-1804 Tax Assessment Lists 585

Year Township Other Families Present 2 ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG 2 JAMES ARMSTRONG 2 1800 Seneca GEORGE ARMSTRONG 1 EPENETUS HART 1 ANTHONY II TRIMMER 2 JAMES ARMSTRONG 2 GEORGE ARMSTRONG 1 1801 Jerusalem EPENETUS HART 1 JOHN S. MCLEAN 1 ANTHONY II TRIMMER 2 JAMES ARMSTRONG 2 GEORGE ARMSTRONG 1 1802 Jerusalem EPENETUS HART 1 JOHN S. MCLEAN 1 ANTHONY II TRIMMER 2 JAMES ARMSTRONG 2 GEORGE ARMSTRONG a 1 1803 Vernon EPENETUS HART 1 JOHN S. MCLEAN 1 ANTHONY II TRIMMER 2 JAMES ARMSTRONG 2 GEORGE ARMSTRONG 1 1804 Vernon EPENETUS HART 1 JOHN S. MCLEAN 1 ANTHONY II TRIMMER

1 Though there is no tax assessment record for Seneca prior to 1800, it is clear THOMAS was active in the early days of the Seneca/Geneva community. He appears several times in the Seneca Town Meeting notes 1 along with EPENETUS HART: − April 1796: "At the General Town meeting held in April 1796 the following officers were chosen”: Thos. Howard – Assessor and Fence Viewer (also E Hart – Commissioner of Highways and Pound Master) 586 − 1 April 1797: "At the Annual town Meeting held at Powell’s Hotel on the first Tuesday in April 1797, the following officers were elected for the ensuing year”: Thos. Howard - Fence Viewer & Commissioner of Schools (also E Hart - Commissioner of Highways; John Griffin - Commissioner of Schools) 587 − 3 April 1798: "At the Annual Town Meeting on the 3rd of April 1798, the following officers were elected for the ensuing year”: Thos. Howard - Fence Viewer and Path Master (1st Division) (also John Griffin - Commissioner of Schools) 588

a Vernon was formed from Jerusalem in 1803 and was renamed Benton in 1808.

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− April 1800: “"At the Annual Town Meeting held at Powell's Hotel the first Tuesday in April 1800, the following officers were elected for the ensuing year”: Thos. Howard - Fence Viewer (also James Armstrong - Path Master, 8th Division) 589

1 The THOMAS HOWARD household appears in the 1800 federal census for Seneca, Ontario Co. The detail of this listing is in Figure 72.

1 Figure 72: Detail of Enumeration for THOMAS HOWARD from the 1800 U. S. Census, Seneca, Ontario Co., N.Y. 590

2 Free White Persons - Males Under 10 2 [aft 1790] JAMES MARTIN b 1793, ROBERT 2 ARMSTRONG b 1798 2 Free White Persons - Males 10-15 1 [1785-90] EDWARD HOWARD b 1787 2 Free White Persons - Males 16-25 3 [1775-85] WILLIAM HOWARD b 1782, 2 ALEXANDER b 1785 Free White Persons - Males 26-44 1 [1756-74] THOMAS b 1758-9 2 Free White Persons – Females Under 10 1 [aft 1790] SYDNEY II b 1795 Free White Persons – Females 26-44 1 [1756-74] ELIZABETH (ARMSTRONG) b ca 1765 Number of Household Members 9

1 1 The household members may not all have been children of THOMAS HOWARD and ELIZABETH (ARMSTRONG) HOWARD. They had given birth to 9 children by this time, of whom at least two (daughters Sydney I and son James) were deceased, leaving: 4 sons (William, Edward, Alexander, and Robert) and 3 daughters (Sarah, Elizabeth and Sydney II). It is possible that Richard Montgomery Williams had also been born by then as well raising the total living children to possibly 8. Sarah may also have died prior to 1800. Finally, the oldest son, William, may have been living independently by this time, though no separate 1800 census record was found for any of the Howard sons in Ontario Co.

1 In the 1820 federal census, the households of THOMAS HOWARD and his son, ALEXANDER2 HOWARD are recorded in the town of Benton, Ontario Co. (on the same page). The 1810 census 1 enumeration details for THOMAS are given in Figure 73, below.

1 Figure 73: Detail of Enumeration for THOMAS HOWARD from the 1810 U. S. Census, Benton Twp., Oneida Co. (actually Ontario Co.), N.Y. a 591

2 Free White Persons - Males Under 10 1 [aft 1800] RICHARD MONTGOMERY WILLIAMS b 1801 2 Free White Persons - Males 10-15 1 [1795-1800] ROBERT ARMSTRONG b 1798 2 Free White Persons - Males 16-25 1 [1785-94] EDWARD b 1787 1 Free White Persons - Males 45 and over 1 [bef 1765] THOMAS b 1758-9 2 Free White Persons – Females 10-15 1 [1795-1800] SYDNEY II b 1795 1 Free White Persons – Females 45 and over 1 [bef 1765] ELIZABETH (ARMSTRONG) b ca 1765 Number of Household Members 6

a The 1810 U.S. census for Benton was erroneously filed in Oneida Co., N.Y. rather than in Ontario Co. It is clear from the names listed in Benton in that year that this is in fact the town of Benton that was then in Ontario Co., (now Yates Co.).

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1 The appearance of an older female (aged 45 or over) indicates that this is probably ELIZABETH (ARMSTRONG) HOWARD and that the census enumeration was made before her death on 17 Sept. 1810.

1 THOMAS HOWARD’s last appearance in a federal census in N.Y. was in 1820, again in Benton. The 1 1820 census enumeration details for THOMAS are given in Figure 74. This household is comprised of the 1 same family members who moved to Ohio. ELIZABETH (ARMSTRONG) HOWARD had died on 17 Sept. 1810) However, there is also one young girl (aged 10-15) and one young boy (under 10) present 1 1 who cannot be accounted for among THOMAS and ELIZABETH (ARMSTRONG) HOWARD’s known children. These could be a grandchildren.

1 Figure 74: Detail of Enumeration for THOMAS HOWARD from the 1820 U. S. Census, Benton Twp., Ontario Co., N.Y. 592

Free White Persons - Males Under 10 1 [b aft 1810] Unidentified? 2 Free White Persons - Males 16-25 2 [b 1795-1804] ROBERT ARMSTRONG b 1798, RICHARD MONTGOMERY 2 WILLIAMS b 1801 2 a Free White Persons - Males 26-44 1 [b 1776-1794] EDWARD b 1787 Free White Persons - Males 45 and over 1 [b bef 1775] THOMAS b 1758-9 Free White Persons – Females 10-15 1 [b 1805-1810] Unidentified? 2 Free White Persons – Females 16-25 1 [b 1795-1804] SYDNEY II b 1795 Number of Persons - Engaged in Agriculture: 4 Free White Persons - Under 16: 2 Free White Persons - Over 25: 2 Total Free White Persons: 7 Total All Persons - White, Slaves, Colored, Other: 7

1 Aside from the 10 March 1795 purchase of land with John Griffin, THOMAS HOWARD was involved in a number of other land transactions during his séjour in N.Y. These included: • 12 May 1797:593 He sold to Charles Williamsonb part of Lot 20, fifty feet frontage on the main 1 street of Seneca (which later became Geneva). This was part of the 1795 purchase by THOMAS and John Griffin. 594 1 1 • 11 April 1798: THOMAS witnessed a sale of two parcels of land in Geneva by EPENETUS 1 HART to Martin Armstrong. This deed was recorded on 4 Sept. 1804, at which time THOMAS 1 c attested to the authenticity of EPENETUS ’s signature on the deed. 595 1 • 23 April 1800: THOMAS and his wife Elizabeth sold to Herman Bogert half of a lot in Geneva, probably a portion of the land acquired in 1795 with John Griffin.

a 2 2 EDWARD is listed on because ALEXANDER married in 1808and was probably living on his own out by 1820. 2 WILLIAM ’s household.is listed separately from his parents’ household, but also in Benton Twp. b This may have been the Charles Williamson who was the sales agent for the lands of the Phelps and Gorham Purchase. c 1 1 This may have been the sale of EPENETUS ’S principal homestead, and having THOMAS authenticate his 1 signature on the original deed indicates that EPENETUS was not present at that time (1804) to attest to the authenticity of the deed himself.

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596 1 • 8 Nov. 1805: THOMAS and his wife Elizabeth sold to George Creamer the remainder of the lot in Geneva acquired in 1795 with John Griffin. a 597 1 b • 19 Dec 1810: THOMAS acquired 25 acres in Benton Twp., Ontario Co. from John Hornby. 598 1 • 19 Dec 1810: On the same day as the prior transaction, THOMAS sold to Richard M. (Montgomery) Williams,c also in Benton 599 1 2 • 19 Dec 1810: On the same day as the prior two transactions, THOMAS and ARMSTRONG 1 d HART (Epenetus ) witnessed the purchase by Richard M. (Montgomery) Williams of another lot in Benton Twp., also from John Hornby. 600 1 • 21 June 1814: THOMAS purchased 51 ¼ acres in the town of Jerusalem from John N. and Susannah Armstrong.e 601 1 • 17 April 1815: THOMAS purchased 79 ¾ acres in the town of Benton from Ernest Augustus. 602 1 • 7 Nov. 1815: THOMAS purchased 50 acres in the town of Benton near Hopeton from John Hornby. 603 1 • 12 June 1816: THOMAS sold 15 ¼ acres in the town of Benton near Hopeton to William Reed.f 604 1 g • 9 August 1822: THOMAS sold two parcels in Benton to John Jones.

1 Several of these land transactions provide evidence of a fairly close relationship between THOMAS 1 HOWARD and the family of EPENETUS HART, including his son, ARMSTRONG2 HART, and his two 1 sons-in-law, John Griffin and Richard Montgomery Williams. This bond was built through THOMAS and 1 EPENETUS ’s joint military service and the more than decade long life as neighbors in Fermanagh, prior to the two families’ migration to Ontario Co. On 13 April 1818 a Thomas Howard was awarded an application for a pension for his Revolutionary War 605 1 service. This may or may not have been THOMAS .

1 As recorded above, on 9 August 1822, THOMAS HOWARD sold two parcels of land in Benton Twp., parts of Lot #14 and Lot #21, to a John Jones. This was clearly the sale of his primary residence and related land in preparation for his move to Ohio.

a 1 The deed describes this parcel as bounded by land belonging to JOHN S. MCLEAN. b 1 This deed was witnessed by Richard M. (Montgomery) Williams (son-in-law of EPENETUS HART, married 2 2 1 AMY HART) and ARMSTRONG HART (Epenetus ), brother-in-law of Richard Williams. It should be noted that 1 2 coincidentally, ca 1801 THOMAS had a new born son named, RICHARD MONTGOMERY WILLIAMS HOWARD. c 2 1 2 1 This deed was witnessed by ARMSTRONG HART (Epenetus ) and JONATHAN HART (Epenetus ), both brothers-in-law of Richard Montgomery Williams. d 2 This is Richard Montgomery Williams, ARMSTRONG HART’s brother-in-law, as pointed out earlier. e There is no apparent connection between John H. Armstrong and the Armstrong family that migrated to Ontario Co. from Penn. Richard’s second wife (after Susannah) was to be Sarah (Chapman) Armstrong, the sister of 2 1 Grissel (Chapman) Armstrong, the second wife of ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG (Alexander ). The deed describes 1 the purchased land as bordering that f JOHN S. MCLEAN. f 1 This appears to be a portion of THOMAS ’s 7 Nov. 1815 purchase. g 1 This appears to be THOMAS disposing of his homestead in Benton at the time of his family’s migration to Ohio.

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1 1 D. The Second Generation – The Children of THOMAS HOWARD and ELIZABETH (ARMSTRONG) HOWARD

1 1 The second generation of THOMAS HOWARD and ELIZABETH (ARMSTRONG) HOWARD was the seven children who lived to adulthood, who were born between 1782 and 1801, four of whom were born in Penn. and three of whom were born after the family moved to (then) Ontario Co., N.Y.

2 1 1 WILLIAM HOWARD (Thomas ).

2 a b WILLIAM HOWARD was born on 25 Dec. 1783 probably at Fermanagh (then) Cumberland Co., and died on 2 Jan. 1833606 at Gilead (now Grand Rapids), Wood Co., Ohio.607 He was buried in the Howard Cemetery, Grand Rapids.608 William married before 1815c as his first wife Elizabeth “Polly” Patterson.609 Elizabeth probably died before 1819.d He married on 15 June 1819 as his second wife Hannah Haight.610 Hannah was born in 1788 at N.Y. 611 and died on 11 Jan. 1856 at LaSalle Co., Illinois. 612 She married on 19 June 1838 at Wood Co., Ohio as her second husband and his second wife, George Gallaher.613 George was born on 25 Oct. 1777 in Delaware and died on 21 Nov 1852 in LaSalle Co. Ill.614 George and Hannah (Haight Howard) Gallaher and were buried in the Christian Cemetery, LaSalle Co. 615

2 Census listings and other records show that WILLIAM HOWARD probably had four at least children by his two wives.

2 The known child of WILLIAM and his first wife Elizabeth “Polly” (Patterson) HOWARD: i. Sidney3 Howard. She was born in Benton Twp. and died 1834-6e probably in Wood Co. She married on 12 June 1824 in Perrysburg as his first wife William Pratt.f 616 He was born in 1801 at Massachusetts617 and died 6 Nov. 1868.618 ii. Charlotte P.3 Howard. She was born in 1815619 at Ontario Co.g She married on 18 Oct. 1836620 as his second wife William Pratt.h 621 (See above). iii. Edward/Edwin Ruthven3 Howard.i He was born ca 1816 at Ontario Co. and died in 1843 in Weston Twp., Wood Co. 622 He married on 2 July 1840 Elizabeth McKee, as her first husband. 623 Edward/Edwin Ruthven3 was buried at New Weston Cemetery, Weston Twp.624 She was born ca 1821 at Penn. and died after 1880 in Ohio.625 Elizabeth (McKee) Howard married on 11 June 1845 in Wood Co. as her second husband Charles Bucklin.626 2 The known child of WILLIAM and his second wife Hannah (Haight) HOWARD:

a DAR Applications [71200], [83328], [104088], [113339], [138037], [138038], [433402], and [863313]. b Thomas1 HOWARD was living in Fermanagh in 1783, as shown by state supply rate and tax assessment lists, discussed elsewhere. c Their daughter Charlotte was born in 1815. d 2 WILLIAM remarried in June 1819. e Her son Foster H. Pratt was born in 1834 and her husband remarried (to her sister) on 18 Oct. 1836 at Wood Co. f After Sidney3 (Howard) Pratt’s death, William Pratt married her younger sister, Charlotte P. 3 Howard. William Pratt’s brother, James B. Pratt married the Ana Janette3 Howard youngest of Sidney3 and Charlotte P.3 Howard (William2, Thomas1). g Her parents were living in Ontario Co. at the time. h William Pratt’s first wife was Charlotte P. 3 Howard’s older sister, Sidney3 Howard. He was the brother of James B. Pratt who much later married Charlotte P.3 ‘s half-sister, Ann Janette3 Howard (William2, Thomas1). i He is called both “Edward” and “Edwin” in documents, sometimes both names in the same document.

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iv. James Montgomery3 Howard. He was born on 10 July 1822 at Dresden Twp. and died on 25 Dec. 1887 at Marseilles, LaSalle Co., Ill.627 He married in 1848a at Maumee Twp., Lucas Co., Susan E. Blaker.628 v. Ann Janette3 Howard.b She married on 3 Aug 1845 at Wood Co. James B. Pratt.c 2 The WILLIAM HOWARD household appears in the 1820 U.S. census for Benton Twp., as shown in 2 Figure 75, below. This enumeration shows the two known children of WILLIAM ’s first wife Elizabeth, but it is believed that Ann Janette3 was his youngest child and the daughter of his second wife, Hannah. Therefore it appears that there is an identified daughter born after 1810 in this listing. His second son, James Montgomery3 wasn’t born until 1822.

2 Figure 75: Detail of Enumeration for WILLIAM HOWARD from the 1820 U. S. Census, Benton Twp., Ontario Co., N.Y. 629

Free White Persons - Males - Under 10: 1 [aft 1810] Edward/Edwin Ruthven3 b ca 1816 2 Free White Persons - Males - 26 thru 44: 1 [1776-1794] WILLIAM b 1782 Free White Persons - Females - Under 10: 2 [aft 1810] Charlotte P.3 b 1815, Unidentified? Free White Persons - Females - 26 thru 44: 1 [1776-1794] Hannah (Haight) b 1788 Number of Persons - Engaged in Manufactures: 1 Free White Persons - Under 16: 3 Free White Persons - Over 25: 2 Total Free White Persons: 5 Total All Persons - White, Slaves, Colored, Other: 5

2 There is a theory among some Howard researchers that WILLIAM HOWARD had a first wife named Sidney Patterson and by her had at least one child, named Sidney HOWARD.d Where there are a number 2 of circumstances that make this scenario plausible, there does not seem to be any evidence of WILLIAM having had a wife before he married Elizabeth Patterson or that he had a daughter named Sidney. There is however a marriage record of a Sidney Howard marrying a William Pratt on 12 June 1824 at Perrysburg, Wood Co., Ohio.e The locations in Ohio are certainly compatible with Sidney being some relation to the 2 family of WILLIAM or one of his siblings, but no genealogically material proof.

a Their first child, Hamilton, was born ca 1831 according to 1850Weston, p. 172-A, line 3. b Her name was variously spelled as “Angenette”, “Anjenette”, and “Ann Jenette”. He grave marker says Ann Janette. She was referred to as a minor in an 1835 deed involving her brothers, Edward/Edwin Ruthven3 and James Montgomery3 Howard. See supporting documents submitted with DAR Application [863313]. c James B. Pratt was the brother of the William Pratt who married as his first wife Sidney3 Howard (William2, Thomas1) and as his second wife Chalotte P. 3 Howard (William2, Thomas1), both sisters of Ann Janette3 Howard (William2, Thomas1). d This theory is spelled out at https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/howard- family/conversations/messages/2196. e 2 3 This William was a brother of the James Pratt who married WILLIAM HOWARD’s daughter, Charlotte P. Pratt on 18 Oct. 1836 in Wood Co., Ohio.

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2 Sometime in or before 1830, WILLIAM HOWARD moved his family to the area of (now) Maumee 2 Township, Lucas Co., Ohio (as discussed below). The last record of WILLIAM in N.Y. is the birth of his son, James Montgomery3, in Dresden village (now in Torrey Twp), Yates Co.a

2 2 ALEXANDER HOWARD.

2 b 630 ALEXANDER HOWARD was born on 24 Dec. 1785 probably at Fermanagh and died on 23 Oct. 1849 at Freeport, Stephenson Co, Ill..631 He married Elizabeth “Betsy” Hobart/Habert/Hobert.c 632 She may have been born ca 1786 and died on 22 Sept. 1845 at Scott Co., Ill.633

2 The known children of ALEXANDER and Elizabeth “Betsy” (Hobart/Habert/Hobert) HOWARD: i. Calista Caroline3 (Celia) Howard. She was born on 20 Oct. 1808634 probably at (then) Ontario Co.d and died on 1 March 1838 at Pike Twp. Fulton Co. 635 She married on 16 Nov. 1824 at Waterville, Wood Co. as his first wife Valentine Winslow Sr.636 He was born on 31 March 1804 at Lewis Co., N.Y. and died on 19 March 1857 in Fulton Co. 637 He married in 1839 as his second wife and her second husband Mrs. Lydia Ann (Welch) Smith. She was born in 1817 at N.Y. and died on 5 Jan 1860 in Fulton Co.638 Valentine and his wives Calista Caroline3 (Howard) and Lydia Ann (Welch) were buried at Aetna Cemetery in Winameg, Fulton Co. 639 ii. Alexander P.3 Howard Jr. He married on 11 Sept. 1834 Rebecca Draper.640 iii. John3 Howard Jr. He was born in 1811641 probably in (then) Ontario Co. iv. Mary3 Howard Jr. She was born ca 1814 642 probably in (then) Ontario Co. v. Elizabeth3 Howard Jr. She was born ca 1816643 probably in (then) Ontario Co. vi. David Alexander Hobart3 Howard. He was born in 12 March 1818 at Ontario Co.e and died in Oct. 1903 at Caney, Montgomery Co., Kansas. 644 He married in 1840 at Wood Co., Ohio, Mary Ann Brown. 645 She was born on 10 April 1820 and died in March 1901 in Caney. 646 They are both buried at Sunnyside Cemetery, Caney. 647 2 ALEXANDER HOWARD would have been around ten years old when his family moved from Fermanagh to N.Y. He appears in the 1810 U.S. census of Benton Twp., as shown in Figure 76. In this census he seems to be with his wife, Elizabeth, and two young daughters (under ten years of age), who have not been identified.

2 Figure 76: Detail of Enumeration for ALEXANDER HOWARD from the 1810 U. S. Census, Benton Twp., Ontario Co., N.Y. 648

2 Free White Persons - Males - 16 thru 25: 1 [1785-94] ALEXANDER b 1785 Free White Persons - Females - Under 10: 2 [aft 1800] Calista Caroline3b 1808, Unidentified?f

a 2 See more on WILLIAM HOWARD’s move to Ohio below in the section on the Howard family’s migration westward. b Thomas1 HOWARD was living in Fermanagh in 1785, as shown by state supply rate and tax assessment lists, discussed elsewhere. c DAR Application [138038]. Though they all cite a “family bible” as their source, Betsy’s surname is spelled three different ways among the various DAR applications: HOBART – DAR Applications [83328] and [113339]; HABERT – DAR Application [138038]; and HOBERT - DAR Applications [120330], [138037], and [138037]. d Her parents were living in (then) Ontario co. at the time of her birth. e His parents were living in Ontario Co. at the time. f A second suitable daughter is not known.

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Free White Persons - Females - 16 thru 25: 1 [1785-94] Elizabeth (Hobart/Habert/Hobert) b 1786 Number of Household Members Under 16: 2 Number of Household Members: 4

2 This is the last record of ALEXANDER HOWARD in N.Y. He probably moved to Ohio soon after 1800, 2 but there is no record of whether he moved in 1821/2 with his father and two brothers, EDWARD and 2 2 a ROBERT ARMSTRONG , or sometime later, perhaps with his brother WILLIAM in or before 1830.

2 3 EDWARD HOWARD.

2 649 b EDWARD HOWARD was born on 10 Nov. 1787 probably at Fermanagh, and died on 2 Feb. 1841 at Grand Rapids.650 He married on 31 Dec. 1816651 at Ontario (now Yates) Co., N.Y.652 Nancy Haight. She c 653 2 was born ca 1797 and died 25 Sept. 1881 at Grand Rapids. EDWARD and Nancy (Haight) HOWARD were buried in the Howard Cemetery.654

2 The children of EDWARD and Nancy (Haight) HOWARD: i. James Monroe3 Howard.d He was born on 27 Aug. 1799655 in Ontario Co.656 and died on 28 July 1841 in Morrow Co., Ohio.657 He married before Oct. 1821e Esther Rees. She was born on 24 March 1801 and died on 21 Feb. 1879 in Morrow Co., Ohio.658 They were both buried at Chester Baptist Cemetery, Morrow Co.659 ii. Dresden Winfield Huston3 Howard. He was born on 3 Nov. 1817 at Dresden Village (now in Torrey Twp.), (now) Yates Co. and died on 9 Nov. 1897 at Winameg, Fulton Co. 660 He married in Nov. 1842 in Ohio Mary Blackwood Copeland. 661 She was born on 4 May 1824 near Ovid, Seneca Co., N.Y. and died on 3 Jan 1915 at Winameg.662 They were both buried at Howard House Cemetery, Winameg.663 iii. Ann Janette3 Howard.f She was born on 6 Sept. 1829 at Mount Gilead, Morrow Co.664 and died on 4 Sept. 1917 At Toledo, Lucas Co.665 She married on 1 Jan. 1848 at Grand Rapids, George Laskey Jr. 666 He was born on 23 Aug. 1824 at Bovey Tracey, Devonshire, England667 and died on 12 Aug. 1899 at Toledo.668 They were both buried at Woodlawn Cemetery, Toledo. 669 2 According to Waggoner [1888:690], EDWARD HOWARD served in the War of 1812, including the battles of Lundy’s Lane and of Fort Erie. The Battle of Lundy’s Lane took place on 25 July 1814, near Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada) has been called “… one of the bloodiest battles of the war, and one of the

a 2 See more on ALEXANDER HOWARD’s move to Ohio below in the section on the Howard family’s migration westward. b Thomas1 HOWARD was living in Fermanagh in 1785, as shown by state supply rate and tax assessment lists, discussed elsewhere. In his will, Thomas1 refers his “eldest son Edward…” Dequine [2007] supposes that he was thus referring to Edward as oldest, as he explicitly excludes his other two “older” sons, William and Alexander, and thus Edward is the oldest actually receiving a bequest. Another conundrum about Edward’s date of birth is that Leeson [1897:269] states that he died in 1841“aged 63” (implying a birth ca 1778); while Edward’s gravestone says he died in 1841 “aged 53 years.” c Per Waggoner [1888:691] she died at the age of 84 in 1881 implying a birth year ca 1797. Also see FindAGrave.com, Memorial # 21784915 d In his grandfather’s will (Thomas1- see Howard [1825]), James Monroe3 is called “Pike Monroe”. e Their son David4 R. Howard was born on 9 Oct. 1821. f “Ann Janette” is from her grave marker. Her name was also written as “Anjanette” and “Anjinette”. “Ann Janette”.

113 deadliest battles ever fought in Canada.”670 The American troops defeated the British with heavy casualties on both sides, but the Americans so many casualties that they were forced to retire to nearby Fort Erie where they were besieged by the British from 4 August to 21 September 1814. The British withdrew and the American soldiers were relieved by reinforcements and eventually evacuated. 671

2 4 SYDNEY II HOWARD. b. 6 Nov. 1795 at Geneva, Ontario Co., N.Y.672 and died 16 Feb. 1885, Marseilles, LaSalle Co., Ill and was buried in Lima, Allen Co., Ohio.673 She married as her first husband on 2 Jan. 1817 in N.Y. Joshua Nelson,674 born 11 Dec 1790 at Fishkill, Dutchess Co., N.Y.675 and died 1837 at Matagorda, Matagorda Co., Texas.676 Sydney II married as her second husband on 9 Dec 1834 at Ohio677 as his second wife Benjamin Davison, born 4 Feb. 1792 at Otis, Berkshire Co., Mass.,678 died 29 Jan. 1854 at Lima, Allen Co., Ohio.679

2 The known child of SYDNEY II (HOWARD) and Joshua Nelson: i. Howard Nelson. 2 The known child of SYDNEY II (HOWARD Nelson) and Benjamin Davison: ii. George K. Davison. He was born ca 1826 in Shawnee Twp., Allen Co. Ohio. 2 Benjamin and SYDNEY II (HOWARD Nelson) Davison appeared in the 1850 U.S. census of Shawnee Twp. as shown in Figure 77, below. There are a young girl (aged 11) and a young boy (aged 5), named Jenkins, in the household who may have been the children of an earlier child of Benjamin Davison 2 (possibly from before he married SYDNEY II ).

Figure 77: Census Detail for the Benjamin Davison Household from the 1850 U.S. Census, Shawnee Twp., Allen Co., Penn. 680

Line Name Age Est. YOBa Sex Occupation POBb 12 DAVISON, Benjamin 58 [1792] M $3000 Penn. 13 " , Sidney 48? [1802] F N.Y. 14 " , George 14 [1836] M at school Ohio 15 JENKINS, Eleazer 11 [1839] F at school Ohio 14 " , David 5 [1845] M at school Ohio

2 Benjamin Davison died at Lima Twp., Allen Co. on 29 Jan 1854. His wife, SYDNEY II (HOWARD Nelson) Davison moved on to LaSalle Co., sometime after 1850 and died there on 16 Feb. 1885.

2 5 ROBERT ARMSTRONG HOWARD. b. 11 October 1798 at Ontario Co., N.Y. and died 12 Nov. 1872 in Fulton Co., Ohio.681 He m. Priscilla Nelson,682 who was born 2 Feb 1799 in Nelsonville, Putnam Co., N.Y.,683 and died 7 May 1872 at Winameg, Fulton Co., Ohio.684 Both were buried in Salsberry Cemetery, Delta, Fulton Co.685

2 The children of ROBERT ARMSTRONG and Priscilla (Nelson) HOWARD: i. Augustus Aurelius2 Howard. He was born on 30 Jan. 1826 at Perrysburg and died on 13 Sept. 1907 at Mason Twp., Ingham Co., Mich. 686 He married on 31 Dec. 1849 in Pike Twp. Sarah

a Estimated year of birth based on recorded age. b Place of birth

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Anna Graham.687 She was born on 23 March 1826 in Wayne Co., N.Y. and died on 26 April 1907 in Mason Twp.688 They are both buried at Maple Grove Cemetery in Mason Twp.689 2 2 2 Augustus Aurelius WAS THE TWIN OF HIS SISTER Aurelia Augusta . Augustus Aurelius and Sarah Anna (Graham) Howard had three children: Abbie Augusta4 Howard (died an infant); William Edward4 Howard (1852-1925); and Mary Priscilla4 Howard (1860-1904). ii. Aurelia Augusta2 Howard. She was born 30 Jan 1826 at Perrysburg. She married John Hanna Reid in Ohio.690 He was born on 11 Feb. 1823 at Pittsburgh, Allegheny Co., Penn. and died on 1 Nov. 1885 in Wood Co., Ohio. 691 He was buried in the Oak Grove Cemetery, Bowling 692 2 2 Green, Wood Co. Aurelia Augusta WAS THE TWIN OF HER BROTHER Augustus Aurelius . 2 JOHN HANNA AND Aurelia Augusta (HOWARD) REID HAD AT LEAST TWO CHILDREN: FRANK 4 4 AUGUSTUS REID (1852 - ?) AND RICHARD W. REID (1868-1939). iii. Nelson Montgomery2 Howard. He was born on 21 Jan. 1828 in Gilead (now Grand Rapids), Wood Co.693 and died on 2 May 1814 in Fulton Co.694 He married on 18 March 1851 in Ohio as his first wife, Jane L. Redfield.695 Nelson Montgomery2 and Jane L. (Redfield) Howard were divorced ca 1885 in Ohio.696 He married as his second wife on 25 Dec. 1885 in Marseilles, LaSalle Co., Sarah E. Dean.697 Sarah was born on 27 Jan. 1849 and died on 18 Oct. 1917 in Fulton Co.698 Nelson Montgomery2 and Sarah E. (Dean) Howard were both buried at Salsberry Cemetery, Delta, Fulton Co.699 Nelson Montgomery2 and Jane L. (Redfield) Howard had at least three children: Charles R.4 Howard, Ida A.4 Howard, and Mary W.4 Howard. iv. William Henry2 Howard. He was born on 14 Nov. 1829700 at Wood Co.a 701 and died on 1 May 1882 at Lenawee Co., Mich.702 He married on 22 Sept. 1852 in Fulton Co. Elsie F. Partridge.703 She was born on 22 Aug. 1836704 at Michigan705 and died on 16 June 1918 at Lenawee Co.706 They were both buried at Oakwood Cemetery, Adrian, Lenawee Co.707 William Henry2 and Elsie F. (Partridge) Howard had one son: Walter Henry4 Howard (1858-1934). v. Edwin A.2 Howard. He was born on 11 May 1833 in Wood Co. and died on 22 April 1907 in Hillsdale, Hillsdale Co., Mich. 708 He married on 16 April 1853 in Sandusky Co., Ohio Sarah M. Willard. 709 She was born in 1834 at New York and died on 22 Sept 1906 at Hillsdale Co. 710 They were both buried at Oak Grove Cemetery Hillsdale.711 Edwin A.2 and Sarah M. (Willard) Howard had at least one child: Mary4 Howard (1865-1929). vi. Richard W.2 Howard. He was born on 24 Sept. 1834 in Ohio and died on 18 March 1856 in Lucas Co., Ohio. He was buried at Salsberry Cemetery, Delta Twp.712 vii. James Walter2 Howard. He was born on 6 Oct. 1837 at Fulton Co. and died on 30 Oct. 1896 at Wauseon, Fulton Co. 713 He married on 20 Oct. 1859 at Ohio Margaret Alice Ringo.714 She was born on 10 April 1838 at Ohio and died on 4 May 1896 at Fulton Co.715 They were both buried at Salsberry Cemetery.716 viii. Thomas2 Howard. He was born ca 1840 in Ohio.717

2 ROBERT ARMSTRONG HOWARD’s last recorded appearance in NY was his 12 Feb. 1823 marriage to Priscilla Nelson. According to Inter-State [1886:I:829], “Robert Armstrong and Priscilla (Nelson) Howard … were married Feb. 12, 1823 and removed to Ohio in the spring of the same year."

2 6 RICHARD MONTGOMERY WILLIAMS HOWARD.

a His family was enumerated in the 1850 U. S. census for Perrysburg Twp., Wood Co.

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2 RICHARD MONTGOMERY WILLIAMS HOWARD was born ca 1801 at Ontario Co., N.Y. and died 26 Jan. 1834 at Grand Rapids, Wood Co., Ohio. He was buried at the Howard Cemetery there. 718 He married Elenor Fulkerson.719

2 RICHARD MONTGOMERY WILLIAMS HOWARD MOVED TO OHIO WITH HIS FATHER AND SIBLINGS IN 1821-2.

E. The HOWARD Family Moves Westward ca 1821-2 a

As with the first or second generations of the other four families, the HOWARD family soon joined the migration westward. Following the end of the raids on settlers by Tecumseh in in Indiana and Ohio around 1815, these territories were further opened to settlement. According to Mathews [2015:183], “The years 1815 and 1816 saw hundreds of families setting off for the Ohio and Kentucky country … The sales of public lands were greatly increased up to 1819 … from 1822 on the sales again increased…”

1 1 THOMAS HOWARD and all of his living children left N.Y. and moved to Ohio. THOMAS , three sons 2 2 2 (EDWARD , ROBERT ARMSTRONG , and RICHARD MONTGOMERY WILLIAMS ), and his daughter, SYDNEY 2 2 2 b II , moved to Ohio in 1821-22. WILLIAM and ALEXANDER moved later to Ohio, in or before 1830. Once they arrived in Ohio, the Howard family concentrated its settlement along the Maumee River and in Lucas, Fulton and Wood counties. Figure 78: Howard Family Settlement — Lucas, Fulton and Wood Counties, Ohio 720

Grand Rapids

1 3 2 1 Waggoner [1888:690] writes that THOMAS ’s grandson, Dresden W. H. Howard (Edward , Thomas ) 1 2 2 recalled that THOMAS , his sons EDWARD , ROBERT ARMSTRONG , and ROBERT MONTGOMERY

a 1 Additional details on each of the children of THOMAS who moved on to Ohio from N.Y. can be found on the individual person’s page at www.acvancestors.com. b 2 ALEXANDER doesn’t appear in the 1820 U.S. census in either N.Y. or Ohio. There is an older Alexander 2 Howard household in Phelps, Ontario Co. in 1820 (the adults are forty five years old or more, but ALEXANDER and Elizabeth (Hobart) HOWARD were both only about 34 in 1820. (See 1820 U. S. Census, New York, Ontario County, Phelps Township, Roll: M33_62. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com, p. 283, line 1.)

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2 2 a WILLIAM , and his daughter, SYDNEY II , with his son’s wives and families, left Yates Co. [sic] on May 22, 1821 to begin their move to Ohio., may have traveled with them since she was in Ohio by 1817 when 1 2 2 she first married. Records show that THOMAS ’s older sons WILLIAM and ALEXANDER remained in N.Y. for several more years, and eventually moved to Ohio sometime in or before 1830 (when they appeared in the 1830 census there).

b 1 Waggoner’s account of this journey in is fascinating. We have no clear explanation of how THOMAS could have embarked on his journey in May 1821 and yet have sold his land back in Benton in August of 1822. Given the arduousness of the journey it doesn’t seem likely that he made a round trip to sell the land.c

1 Figure 79: Waggoner’s Account of the Travel of THOMAS HOWARD and Westward from Yates Co., N.Y. to Wood Co., Ohio in 1821721

1 May 22, 1821, the grandfather [THOMAS HOWARD], with his sons Edward, Robert A. and Richard, their wives and two children (Dresden and a cousin named Sidney), and a daughter of Sidney H. Nelson, left their pleasant homes on the banks of Seneca Lake, near Geneva, for the west. The grandfather rode on horseback, the families and small supplies of clothing and household goods being loaded into two two- horse covered wagons. In due time, over roads almost impassable, the party reached the then Village of Buffalo. Here, the grandfather, with the women and children, embarked on board a 30-ton Schooner (name not remembered), commanded by Captain Anson Reed, for a long and perilous voyage to Fort Meigs, 14 miles above the mouth of the Maumee River. This destination was reached at dusk, June 17th, after a trip of 26 days, where they were cordially welcomed by the few white settlers at "Orleans," the little hamlet under the Fort. … The scene of chief interest as they slowly passed up the stream, consisted of the white tents of Indians camped on the West bank, from the house of Major Stickney (near Bush Street), to the mouth of Swan Creek … They were actively engaged in racing and other sports peculiar to Indians: but upon discovering the little Vessel, they gave one wild (to the passengers, unearthly) yell, and ran down the bank, to get as near as possible to the craft. While the boy was deeply interested in the scene, the women were crouched in deadly fear on the deck at such first view of the locality which was to be their home. The Vessel made slow progress up the River, with nothing to be seen but the primeval forest which lined its banks, and a deer and her fawn which had sought protection in the water from swarms of mosquitoes, or from some hunger wolf. In due time, the end of the journey was reached. The teams were many days behind the arrival of the Vessel, they having in bad roads - especially through the "Black Swamp" - more to overcome than the calms and adverse winds of the Lake. The real destination of the party was Tecumseh, or An-au-ba (now known as Ann Arbor), Michigan; but the persuasions of the Hollisters, Spaffords, Forsyths, General Hunt and other residents induced them to stop, when they soon were quartered in little cabins of bark-covered walls. Some cleared land was rented, and a small crop of corn, potatoes, pumpkins, squashes, etc., soon planted. With "dog-days" came ague and fever, attended by want and privation known to none but the pioneer. Several times the entire family was prostrated, with no one able to attend upon the sick. The frosts of October were patiently awaited as the only source of relief to sufferers; which season was made the more grateful for the abundant supplies of fish and corn-

a Yates Co. was not actually created from Ontario Co. until 1823. b 1 Waggoner’s account it based on the recollections of Dresden H. W. Howard, THOMAS ’s grandson (son of Edward2). c The date is spelled out in the document (“This Indenture made the ninth day of August in the year of our Lord 1 one thousand eight hundred and twenty two”) and THOMAS is identified as “of Benton” and not as of Ohio. It is also recorded that “on the ninth day of August 1822 came before me Thomas Howard …” seeming to confirm his 2 presence in Ontario Co. in 1822. Perhaps a son who remained in N.Y., such as WILLIAM , handled the sale, but he is not mentioned.

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"pone," which it brought. The grandfather had little means with which to start in the new home. He first entered 160 acres of Government lands, where now is the Village of Woodville, Sandusky County; but the Black Swamp proved too much for him, and he abandoned his purchase, subsequently selling it to Amos E. Wood, the founder of Woodville. In 1822, lands were purchased at Grand Rapids, Wood County, when cabins were built for Edward, Robert A. and Richard Howard; and in the Spring of 1823 they cut a road from the Indian Mission, eight miles below, through a dense wilderness to the Grand Rapids of Maumee. And founded a settlement immediately opposite the Ottawa Indian Village of Kin-jo-i-no and Reservation of 12 miles square, at the head of the Rapids.

1 The migrations of the THOMAS HOWARD and family from Fermanagh, N.Y. to Benton Twp., N.Y., 1 and then of THOMAS and four of his six living children to Wood Co. Ohio in 1821-22 is shown in Figure 80.

1 Figure 80: Migration of THOMAS HOWARD and Family from Fermanagh, Mifflin Co., Penn. To Ontario Co., N.Y. in 1794 and Westward to Wood Co., Ohio ca 1821 722

1 Waggoner’s account states that early on (probably 1821) THOMAS purchased land in the area of Woodville, Sandusky Co., Ohio that he soon sold. Waggoner further states that he then in 1822 purchased land in the area of Grand Rapids, Wood Co.

1 The first two recorded land transactions found for THOMAS HOWARD were in 1824. There are two land patents, both recorded on 16 April 1824 in the Delaware Land Office. One is for 160 acres in Lucas Co. (Twp 7-N, Range 9-E, Section 25)723 and the second for 162.12 acres in Ottawa Co. (Twp 6-N, Range 13-E, Section 23). 724 Today, Ottawa Co. border Lucas Co. on the SE along the shore of Lake Erie. It is possible that these two purchases were both by the same man for his family.

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Two more patents were recorded in the Delaware Land Office a year later, on 9 May 1825, only two weeks before his death on 25 May 1825. Both were for land in Wood Co. One was for 81.28 acres (T 6-N R 10-E S 20).725 This is marked “Canceled Document” meaning presumably that the purchase was canceled. The second purchase of the same date was for 114.4 acres (Twp 5-N, Range 9-E, Section 8). 726

1 The final patents found for THOMAS HOWARD were recorded on 12 Sept. 1825, four months after his death and were for two apparently contiguous parcels of 80 acres each in Wood Co. The first is for 80 acres at Twp 5-N, Range 9-E, Section 9,727 and the second is for 80 acres at Twp 5-N, Range 9-E, Section 9.728

1 2 THOMAS HOWARD’s son, WILLIAM HOWARD, moved his family to Ohio in 1830. The trip was described by Knapp [1872:650]: "Wm. Howard, oldest son of Thomas Howard … came to the Maumee Valley in about 1830, in a small keep boat named "the Maumee Pilot," built upon Seneca lake and bought through the Erie canal, and towed across lake Erie from Buffalo to Perrysburg by Capt. David Wilkinson's schooner, "Eagle." To have built a boat on Lake Seneca, and towed it through the Erie Canal and across Lake Erie shows 2 considerable planning and some resources behind this move. Since records show that his WILLIAM ’s son 2 was born in N.Y. in 1822, it is clear that WILLIAM did not travel to Ohio with his father and siblings, but moved at least a year later. This route from Lake Seneca to Lucas Co. via the canal and the lake is shown in Figure 81.

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2 Figure 81: Route of WILLIAM HOWARD and Family from Lake Seneca Ontario Co., N.Y. to Lucas Co., Ohio via the Erie Canal and Lake Erie ca 1830 729

Erie Canal

Lake Seneca

Lucas Co.

2 a There is no later record of WILLIAM HOWARD’s presence in Ohio until his death in 1833. He was buried with his father and most of his siblings in the Howard Cemetery in (now) Grand Rapids. His wife Hannah (Haight) Howard remarried in 1838 to George Gallaher (a widower) and moved sometime after that further west to Marseilles, LaSalle Co., Ill. with her son James Montgomery3 sometime after 1850.b Some of the Howard family remained in Ohio, but many of the grandsons and granddaughters of 1 1 THOMAS and ELIZABETH (ARMSTRONG) HOWARD moved on westward in the coming decades and sometimes relocated frequently within a few years. Their descendants appear in Mich., Ill., Kansas, and Texas over the rest of the 19th century. An examination of the decennial U.S. censuses shows that David Alexander Hobart3 Howard (Alexander2, Thomas1), for example, was born in N.Y. (1818-21), grew up and married in Ohio (1822-40), and by the early 1840s was in Illinois (1843-47). Then he spent several years in Wisconsin (ca 1853) and moved on to Minnesota by 1856. By 1860 he had moved his family to Gainesville, Texas, before returning north and settling in Kansas (before 1880) where he died and his wife died (in 1903 and 1901, respectively). His travels are shown in Figure 82, below, and trace a route of at least 2,300 miles (by today’s highways), probably all by horseback or wagon, at an average speed of ca 15 miles per day. This pattern of seemingly restless wandering was fairly typical for many 19th century settler families. Once bitten by the resettlement bug, they often moved their families nearly every decade.

a He does not appear in the 1830 U.S. census and may have arrived in Wood Co. too late in 1830 to be enumerated. b James Montgomery3 and Susan E. (Blaker) Howard were still in Lucas Co. Ohio at the time of the 1850 U.S. Census.

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Figure 82: Known Locations of David Alexander Hobart3 Howard (Alexander2, Thomas1) 1818- 1903 as an Example of the Peripatetic Nature of the Third Generation of the 1 1 730 THOMAS and ELIZABETH (ARMSTRONG) HOWARD Family

(5) (4) (1) ca 1856 ca 1853 1818-21

(3) (2) 1843-47 1822-40

(7) bef 1880-1903

(6) by 1860

1 The households of four of the sons of THOMAS appear in the 1830 U.S. census for Perrysburg Twp., 2 2 2 2 Wood Co.: ALEXANDER , EDWARD , ROBERT ARMSTRONG , and RICHARD MONTGOMERY WILLIAMS 2 HOWARD. His oldest son, WILLIAM .doesn’t appear in the 1830 U.S. census, but is recorded as being in Ohio by 1830 (as discussed above) and died in Wood Co. on 3 June 1833.

2 Figure 83 appears to show ALEXANDER and Elizabeth (Hobart) HOWARD with their two youngest son and their youngest daughter. Their daughter Calista Caroline Celia3 Howard had married in 1824 and she a 2 and her husband, Valentine Winslow, were listed separately. ALEXANDER is known to have had three other children: two minor daughters (Mary b ca 1814 and Elizabeth b ca 1816) who may have died young, and one son who was known to alive at this time and aged 20 (Alexander P. 3). Their presence in 1830 is not known.

2 Figure 83: Detail of Enumeration for the ALEXANDER HOWARD Household from the 1830 U. S. Census, Perrysburg Twp, Wood Co., Ohio 731

Free White Persons - Males - 10 thru 14: 1 [1816-20] David Alexander Hobart3 b 1818 Free White Persons - Males - 15 thru 19: 1 [1811-15] John3 b 1811 2 Free White Persons - Males - 40 thru 49: 1 [1781-90] ALEXANDER b 1785

a 2 See 1830Perrysburg, p. 325, line 2. He is listed as “Volen” Winslow and is on the same page as EDWARD 2 HOWARD and ROBERT ARMSTRONG HOWARD.

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Free White Persons - Females - 10 thru 14: 1 [1816-20] Elizabeth3 b ca 1816 Free White Persons - Females - 40 thru 49: 1 [1781-90] Elizabeth (Hobart) b 1786 Free White Persons - Under 20: 3 Free White Persons - 20 thru 49: 2 Total Free White Persons: 5 Total - All Persons (Free White, Slaves, Free Colored): 5

2 There are records of two land transaction for ALEXANDER in Wood Co. in 1835. In the first he obtained forty acres on 6 May 1835 (Township 5-N Range 10-E Section 12).a In the second on 7 Dec. 1835 he obtained an additional forty acres in the same area (possibly adjoining the first forty). 732

2 ALEXANDER and Elizabeth (Hobart) HOWARD next appear in the 1840 U.S. census appear in Water Twp., Lucas Co., Ohio.733 By now, he and Elizabeth are living alone and recorded as aged 50-59. In this listing, they are living next door to their son and daughter-in-law, David Alexander Hobart3 and Mary Ann (Brown) Howard (a young couple, without children, both aged 20-29). b 734

2 EDWARD HOWARD first appeared in Ohio in a land transaction on 16 April 1824, when he acquired 76.71 acres in Ottawa Co. (adjacent to Lucas and Wood counties) in T6-N R13-E S24.735

2 An 1830 U.S. census listing for the household of EDWARD HOWARD is shown in Figure 84, below. It is 2 difficult to make this household as enumerated match what we know of how EDWARD ’s family might 2 have looked at this stage. First of all, from the available information, EDWARD was in 1830 a few years older than the maximum age of the one adult male in the household. His wife, Nancy (Haight), and youngest daughter, Ann Janette3, do match, but there is no information regarding who the two youngest 2 3 sons listed in the household might have been. EDWARD ’s sons, James Monroe and Dresden Winfield Huston3 would have been about thirty-one and thirteen years old, respectively, at the time of the census. It’s possible that the two young males aged 5-9 were his grandsons (sons of James Monroe3 and Esther (Rees) Howard.

2 Figure 84: Detail of Enumeration for the EDWARD HOWARD Household from the 1830 U. S. Census, Perrysburg Twp, Wood Co., Ohio 736

Free White Persons - Males - 5 thru 9: 2 [1821-25] Unidentified?, Unidentified? 2 Free White Persons - Males - 30 thru 39: 1 [1791-1800] EDWARD b 1787 Free White Persons - Females - Under 5: 1 [aft 1825] Ann Janette3 b 1829 Free White Persons - Females - 30 thru 39: 1 [1791-1800] Nancy (Haight) b 1797 Free White Persons - Under 20: 3 Free White Persons - 20 thru 49: 2 Total Free White Persons: 5 Total - All Persons (Free White, Slaves, Free Colored): 5

2 EDWARD HOWARD next appeared in two land transactions in Fulton Co. on the 15 and 16 March 1837, obtaining a total of a little over 236 acres (76.42 acres in T8-N R8-E S33 and 160 acres in T8-N R7-E

a Abbreviated as T5-N R10-E S12. b Their first daughter Selestia4 Howard (David Alexander Hobart3, Alexander2, Thomas1) was born ca 1840, but apparently after the census was taken.

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737 S33, respectively). On the same days, his brother, ROBERT ARMSTRONG also obtained 120 acres in the same area (see below).

2 EDWARD and Nancy (Haight) HOWARD next appeared in 1840 in the U.S. census for Weston Twp., 2 Wood Co. The information matches EDWARD and Nancy and their two youngest known children, Dresden Winfield Huston3 and Ann Janette3, but the youngest male, aged 15-19 does not.a

2 Figure 85: Detail of Enumeration for the EDWARD HOWARD Household from the 1840 U. S. Census, Weston Twp, Wood Co., Ohio 738

Free White Persons - Males - 15 thru 19: 1 [1821-25] Unidentified? Free White Persons - Males - 20 thru 29: 1 [1811-20] Dresden Winfield Huston3 b 1817 2 Free White Persons - Males - 50 thru 59: 1 [1781-90] EDWARD b 1787 Free White Persons - Females - 10 thru 14: 2 [1826-30] Ann Janette3 b 1829 Free White Persons - Females - 40 thru 49: 1 [1791-1800] Nancy (Haight) b 1797 Persons Employed in Agriculture: 2 Persons Employed in Commerce: 1 Free White Persons - Under 20: 3 Free White Persons - 20 thru 49: 2 Total Free White Persons: 6 Total All Persons - Free White, Free Colored, Slaves: 6

2 EDWARD HOWARD died on 2 Feb. 1841 at (now) Grand Rapids, Wood Co. His will was dated the day of his death and proved on 11 Feb. 1841, in Wood Co. 739 The will leaves bequests to his wife and two of his children, Ann Janette3 and Dresden Winfield Huston3, but is silent on his other son, James Monroe3.

2 The household of ROBERT ARMSTRONG HOWARD in the 1830 census is a closer match to what we know of what his family looked like in 1830. The three youngest boys and youngest girl can be placed with confidence, but the older boy (aged 10-14) and older girl (aged 5-9) don’t match the known children of the family. Also, the older woman was born a couple of years later than the birthdate we have for Priscilla (Nelson) Howard.

2 Figure 86: Detail of Enumeration for the ROBERT ARMSTRONG HOWARD Household from the 1830 U. S. Census, Perrysburg Twp, Wood Co., Ohio 740

Free White Persons - Males - Under 5: 3 [aft 1825] Augustus Aurelius2 b 1826, Nelson Montgomery2b 1828, William Henry2 b 1829 Free White Persons - Males - 10 thru 14: 1 [1816-20] Unidentified? 2 Free White Persons - Males - 30 thru 39: 1 [1791-1800] ROBERT ARMSTRONG b 1787 Free White Persons - Females - Under 5: 1 [aft 1825] Aurelia Augusta2 b 1826 Free White Persons - Females - 5 thru 9: 1 [1821-25] Unidentified?

a This youngest male could have been their son James Monroe3 but the information on his birthdate taken from his grave marker ("Died July 28, 1841 Aged 40 Y. 11 M.") would place his birth ca 1801 when his father was only two years old. See FindAGrave.com Memorial # 21784866.

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Free White Persons - Females - 20 thru 29: 1 [1801-10] Priscilla (Nelson) b 1799 Free White Persons - Under 20: 6 Free White Persons - 20 thru 49: 2 Total Free White Persons: 8 Total - All Persons (Free White, Slaves, Free Colored): 8

2 In the mid-1830s, ROBERT ARMSTRONG HOWARD was involved in several land transactions in Ohio. • On 20 June 1835, he witnessed a deed for his nephews, James Montgomery3 and Edward Ruthven3 Howard (William2, Thomas1) buying from Thomas and Jane E. Silsbee/Silsby fifty 2 acres in Weston Twp., Wood Co. (T5N R9E S4) bordering his brother (their uncle) EDWARD ’s land there.a 741 2 • On 15 March 1837, ROBERT ARMSTRONG purchased 120 acres in Fulton Co. in the same area as 2 742 his brother, EDWARD (T8-N R8-E S33). • Also on 15 March 1837, he purchased 170 acres in Fulton Co. in T7-N R7-E S4. 743

2 ROBERT ARMSTRONG and Priscilla (Nelson) HOWARD appeared in the 1840 U.S. census for York Twp, Lucas Co. Their seven known sons and one known daughter are all accounted for in this household, but there is one young woman, aged 15 – 19 who cannot be accounted for.

2 Figure 87: Detail of Enumeration for the RICHARD ARMSTRONG HOWARD Household from the 1840 U. S. Census, York Twp, Lucas Co., Ohio 744

Free White Persons - Males - Under 5: 2 [after 1835] Janes Walter3 b 1837, Thomas3 b ca 1840 Free White Persons - Males - 5 thru 9: 3 [1831-35] William Henry. 3 b 1829, Edwin A. 3 b 1833, Richard W. 3 b 1834, Free White Persons - Males - 10 thru 14: 2 [1826-30] Augustus Aurelius3 b 1826, Nelson Montgomery3 b 1828 2 Free White Persons - Males - 40 thru 49: 1 [1791-1800] ROBERT ARMSTRONG b 1798 Free White Persons - Females - 10 thru 14: 1 [1826-30] Aurelia Augusta3 b 1826 Free White Persons - Females - 15 thru 19: 1 [1821-25] Unidentified? Free White Persons - Females - 40 thru 49: 1 [1791-1800] Priscilla (Nelson) b 1799 Persons Employed in Agriculture: 1 Free White Persons - Under 20: 9 Free White Persons - 20 thru 49: 2 Total Free White Persons: 11

a The deed for this sale contains interesting provision that that James Montgomery3 and Edward Ruthven3 guarantee to provide for the care and upkeep of their mother, Hannah (Haight) Howard, and their sister Angenette3.

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2 Sometime after the1840 U.S. census, ROBERT ARMSTRONG and Priscilla (Nelson) HOWARD apparently relocated to Pike Twp., Fulton Co., where they remained until they both died in 1872. They appeared in the next three decennial federal censuses for that location.745

2 RICHARD MONTGOMERY WILLIAMS HOWARD apparently married Elenor Fulkerson after he arrived in a 2 Ohio. Nothing is known of any children for RICHARD MONTGOMERY WILLIAMS and Elenor (Fulkerson) HOWARD, but the 1830 U.S. census enumeration for him shows a young couple with a daughter under age 5.This implies that they were probably married around 1825 or a little later.

2 Figure 88: Detail of Enumeration for the RICHARD MONTGOMERY WILLIAMS HOWARD Household from the 1830 U. S. Census, Perrysburg Twp, Wood Co., Ohio 746

Free White Persons - Males - 20 thru 29: 1 [1801-10] RICHARD MONTGOMERY 2 WILLIAMS b 1801 Free White Persons - Females - Under 5: 1 [aft 1825] Free White Persons - Females - 20 thru 29: 1 [1801-10] Elenor Fulkerson Free White Persons - Under 20: 1 Free White Persons - 20 thru 49: 2 Total Free White Persons: 3 Total - All Persons (Free White, Slaves, Free Colored): 3

2 RICHARD MONTGOMERY WILLIAMS HOWARD died in 1834. The fate of his wife and any children is unknown.

1 1 While many of the descendants of THOMAS HOWARD and ELIZABETH (ARMSTRONG) HOWARD 2 b remained in Ohio, one of his sons, ALEXANDER , and at least four of his grandsons continued the migration further west from Ohio.

2 1 • ALEXANDER (Thomas ) and Elizabeth (Hobart) HOWARD migrated to Stephenson Co., Ill. Sometime between 1840 and July 1848.c 747 • As discussed earlier, David Alexander Hobart3 Howard (Alexander2, Thomas1), was probably the most peripatetic descendant, making several major moves until finally settling in Kansas. • After growing up in Ohio, James Montgomery2 Howard Sr (William2, Thomas1) moved his family to Mich. in 1849-50, and then on to Illinois between 1853 and 1855, where he lived until his death in 1887.d 748

a There were no Fulkerson households in the 1810, 1820 or 1830 U.S. census for Lucas, Fulton or Wood counties. b David Alexander Hobart3 Howard (Alexander2, Thomas1), James Montgomery2 Howard Sr (William2, Thomas1), Augustus Aurelius3 Howard (Robert Armstong2, Thomas1), and William Henry3 Howard (Robert Armstrong2, Thomas1). c 2 In 1840 they appeared in the U.S. census for Water Twp., Lucas Co. and on 1 July 1848 ALEXANDER HOWARD acquired eighty acres in Stephenson Co. d The moves are based on the dates and places of birth of his children as recorded in the 1850, 1860 and 1870 U.S. censuses.

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• Augustus Aurelius3 Howard (Robert Armstong2, Thomas1) moved his family from Fulton Co. to DeKalb Co., Ind. sometime between 1852a 749 and 1860b 750, and then by 1867 had settled them in Mason, Ingham Co., Mich.c 751 , where he and his wife, Sarah Anna (Graham) Howard both died in 1907. • William Henry3 Howard (Robert Armstong2, Thomas1) and his wife Elsie F. (Partridge) Howard appeared in the 1860 U.S. census for Pike Twp., Fulton Co., but by 1872 when Horace S. Knapp wrote his History of the Maumee Valley752 he referred to William Henry3 as “… of Illinois” 753

1 1 Figure 89: Spread of the Family of THOMAS and ELIZABETH (ARMSTRONG) HOWARD and Descendants from Fermanagh Twp. to Ontario and Yates Counties, N.Y., to Ohio, and Beyond 754

a His son William Edward4 Howard (Augustus Aurelius3, Robert Armstong2, Thomas1) was born in Fulton Co. on 4 Nov. 1852. b The Augustus Aurelius3 Howard household appeared in the 1860 U.S. census for Wilmington Twp., DeKalb Co. c Sarah Anna (Graham) Howard’s obituary states “In the spring of 1867 they moved to the city of Mason …”.

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1 CHAPTER 5 THE FAMILY OF JOHN S. MCLEAN

1 a This discussion of the McLean Family focuses principally on JOHN S. MCLEAN and his children. Most records only refer to his as John McLean, omitting the middle initial. However, the transcribed McLean Family Bible755 lists him twice (in the Births and again in the Deaths sections) with a middle initial “S.”. There is no clue as to what this initial may stand for. A descendant chart for the first four generations of 1 this family from JOHN S. are shown in Appendix D.

1 756 JOHN S. MCLEAN was born at co. Antrim, Ireland on 11 June 1748 and died at Benton Twp. Yates 757 2 Co., N.Y. on 9 Aug. 1841. He married SARAH ARMSTRONG probably at Fermanagh, (now) Juniata Co., Penn.b on 31 Aug. 1779.c 758 She was born at probably (then) Cumberland Co., Penn.d on 15 June 1753,e 759 and died at Benton on 3 Sept. 1841.760 They were both buried at Evergreen Cemetery, Dresden, Yates Co.761

1 2 f The children of JOHN S. MCLEAN and SARAH (ARMSTRONG) MCLEAN:

2 g 762 i. JAMES MCLEAN. He was born 1777-9 probably born at Fermanaghh and died in 1833. He was married.i 763 2 764 j 1 ii. WILLIAM F. MCLEAN. He was born 23 Oct. 1780 probably born at Fermanagh and died 28 Jan 1855 at Rob Roy, Fountain Co., Ind. He married 1 May 1809 probably born at Ontario Co., N.Y. as his first wife Sarah Woodhul.k She was born 25 July 1791 at Penn.765 and died 22

a Numerous alternative spellings of the surname McLEAN are found in various records, including: McLean, McLain, McClane, McLane and McKlean. In most cases it is fairly easy to determine if the record with the alternative spelling relates to John S.1 McLEAN or not. b John S.1 McLEAN and the family of Sarah2 ARMSTRONG were both living in Fermanagh in 1779. In both 1778 and 1780, John S.1 served in a Cumberland Co. militia unit with Sarah2’s brothers, George2 and James2 ARMSTRONG. His residences and his military service are discussed below. c Sexton [1883:268] says "At the close of his [war] service he married Sarah Armstrong..." John S.1 served in the regular Pennsylvania line 1776-1778 and in the Cumberland Co. militia in at least 1778, 1780-2. d An undated anonymous descendancy report seen by the author at the Yates Co. History Society in 2014 says that she was born 21 June 1753 in Elkton, Penn. I have been unable to locate an Elkton in Penn, though there is an Elkton in Maryland, just across the border from Penn. I have found no other reference to an Elkton, Penn. in researching the ARMSTRONG family. e Some sources cite a birth date for Sarah2 ARMSTRONG of 21 June 1753 instead of 15 June 1753. The date of 15 June is from both the transcription of the McLean family bible (McLean [1984]) and a 1946 SAR application (McLean [1946]). Sources which contain the 21 June date are a second SAR application (Welker [1930]) and an unsourced, undated report seen by the author at the Yates Co. History Society in 2014. f 1 It is probable that the first nine children were born while JOHN S. was living in Fermanagh, Cumberland Co. (now Juniata Co.) Penn., before the family moved to N.Y. in 1796. g 1 2 Sexton [1883:268] includes James in his list of children for JOHN S. MCLEAN and SARAH (ARMSTRONG) MCLEAN, listing him first, but with no year of birth. DAR Applications [181586], [230459], [646288] and [780904] give his year of birth as 1777. DAR Application [866451] gives it as 1779. It is hard to tell with DAR applications when subsequent applications simply copy a date from an earlier one (perhaps in error) or a given date is substantiated independently. Occasionally more recent applications include some reference to the source of information and sometimes the supporting documentation is attached to the original application (bible pages, birth certificates, etc.) and available from the DAR. h His parents were living in Fermanagh at the time of his birth. i This is based on the fact there James is head of a household with children and an adult woman in 1820 and 1830. j His parents were living in Fermanagh at the time of his birth. 2 k Jordan [1915:III:183] gives the name of wife WILLIAM F. MCLEAN’S WIFE AS “Elizabeth” and states that she was born 25 July 1791. The transcription of the McLean family Bible also mentions “Elizabeth, wife of Wm.

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August 1818 probably born at Benton Twp. Ontario Co. (now Yates).766 He married aft 1818a as his second wife Phoebe Clemens/Clements/Clemmens. She was born ca 22 July 1807 at Tioga Co., PAb and died 29 July 1888 at Penn Yan, Yates Co., N.Y.767 2 768 iii. ALEXANDER I MCLEAN. He was born 31 Aug 1782 probably born at Fermanaghc and died 25 Sept. 1784769 probably born at Fermanagh.d 2 770 iv. ELIZABETH MCLEAN. She was born 10 Oct. 1784 probably born at Fermanaghe and died in 1824771 probably born at Benton.f 2 772 v. ALEXANDER II MCLEAN. He was born 18 Jan. 1785 probably born at Fermanaghg and died in 1824773 probably born at Benton.h 2 774 vi. MARY MCLEAN. She was born 15 Nov. 1787 probably born at Fermanaghi and died an infant775 probably born at Fermanagh.j 2 k l 2 vii. JOHN ARMSTRONG MCLEAN. He was born 22 June 1790 probably born at Fermanagh and died 12 May 1867 probably born at Dresden (now in Torrey Twp.), Ontario Co.776 He married as his first wife Jane V. Remer bef. 1815, probably born at Benton. She was born ca 1789m probably born in N.J.n and died 11 June 1835 at Dresden (now Torrey). 777 He married as his second wife Pamelia/Parmelia Conklin.778 She was born 1800 and died 4 Dec 1869 in Dresden, Yates Co.779 John and his two wives are all buried at Evergreen Cemetery, (now) Torrey, Yates Co., N.Y.780 2 781 o 3viii. GEORGE EDWIN MCLEAN. He was born 7 March 1793 at Lancaster Co., Penn. and died 17 March 1872.782 He married 19 Nov. 1815 Elizabeth Sebring.783 She was born 25 Oct. 1795784 and died 5 June 1875.785 2 786 ix. SARAH MCLEAN. She was born 17 May 1795 probably born at Fermanagha and died Aug 1800 probably born at Benton.

2 McLean, born July 25th 1791”. This was in fact the birth date for Sarah Woodhul who WILLIAM F. married in May 1809. Jordan mentions no other wives. Perhaps Sarah had a second given name, Elizabeth. Or perhaps there has been some other confusion in recording the names of William F.2’s wife. a His first wife Sarah died in 1818. b According to Dumas & Conybeare [2008, Book One, Torrey Cemeteries, Evergreen Cemetery, p. 38] her grave marker says she “D ae 81/7 days” on 19 July 1888. c His parents were living in Fermanagh at the time of his birth. d His parents were living in Fermanagh at the time of his birth. e Her parents were living in Fermanagh at the time of her birth. f She was apparently unmarried and probably living with her parents who were in Benton at the time. g His parents were living in Fermanagh at the time of his birth. h She was apparently unmarried and probably living with her parents who were in Benton at the time. i Her parents were living in Fermanagh at the time of her birth. j Her parents were living in Fermanagh until 1796 when the family moved to N.Y. k Sources disagree as to whether John was born on the 20th or 22nd of June. The transcription of the McLean bible (McLean [1984]), as well as Jordan [1915:III:1683] and three DAR Applications (230459, 261234, and 356362) say he was born on the 22nd. Three other DAR Applications (181586, 385416, and 646288) say he was born on the 20th. l His parents were living in Fermanagh at the time of his birth. m Her grave marker says she was aged 46 when she died in 1835. n According to Cleveland [1873:I:275] and SAR Application [23449], John served in the Somerset Co., N.J. militia during the revolution. Cleveland [1873:I:275] says that Jane’s father, John Remer “came with his family [to Benton] in 1800 …” Jane was born in that period (ca 1776 – 1800) and probably in N.J. o Sexton [1883:268] says he was born at Castle Farm near Geneva, but on the same page writes “In 1796 the family removed [from Penn.] to Geneva, N.Y.” The fact that they moved to N.Y. in 1796 is supported by a letter 1 contained in JOHN S. MCLEAN’s Revolutionary War service pension file, McLean [1832].

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2 4 x. DEBORAH ARMSTRONG MCLEAN. She was born 15 Aug. 1797 at Castle Farm, near Geneva, Ontario Co., N.Y.787 and died 26 Jan. 1868 at Tioga Co., Penn. She married 24 Jan. 1815 at Benton Capt. James Goodrich.788 He was born 7 Oct. 1790 at Hancock, Berkshire Co., Mass.789 and died 22 March 1879 at Tioga, Tioga Co.790 They were both buried at Evergreen Cemetery, Tioga.791 1 b Little is known of JOHN S. MCLEAN’s earlier life. Sexton [1883:268] summarizes his:

“[John McLean] was a Scotch-Irishman, born at Antrim, county Antrim, Ireland, about 1748; who, leaving his widowed mother, Elizabeth Fleming McLean, and a sister, came to America, landing at the city of Philadelphia, after a three months' voyage, in the year 1775. His intention was to see the country, and, if satisfied with it, return the following year and bring his mother and sister; but the embargo on commercial intercourse between the two countries, ensuing on the opening of hostilities that intervened, prevented [his return].” Jordan [1915:III:1683] provides different detail:

“John S. McLean was born in Ireland, June 11, 1748. He was the son of a rich gentleman; was well educated; reared in luxury and wealth; had black hair and brown eyes; was a man about 5 feet 80 inches tall, and good looking. Possessing a great desire to visit America he came to this country. When the Revolutionary War broke out he enlisted in service. In Captain Denton's company, New York Line, he became lieutenant, militia Dutchess county, Seventh Regiment of New York, serving seven years for his adopted country. He was heard to relate that for three days he went without any food, having only tobacco, and after a day's hard fighting, laid down on the battlefield, in the morning finding his hair frozen to the ground in the blood of his slain comrades. He intended to again return to his native land and had a great desire to do so, but on hearing of the death of his father and that he would have nothing to return to, as the oldest son would inherit all, the desire7 ceased and he remained, learning the cooper's trade in order to make a living.”

1 However, though the rest of the Jordan article makes it clear that Jordan is referring to JOHN S. 1 MCLEAN (information on his marriage to SARAH ARMSTRONG, his move to Benton Twp. N. Y., their children, etc.) the information indicating that this John McLean served in the N. Y. line during the 1 Revolutionary War, seems to be in error based on JOHN S. ’s own account in his 1832 pension application.792

1 The obituary for JOHN S. MCLEAN printed in 1841 in the Tioga Eagle (apparently reprinted from the Penn Yan Democrat) states:793

“He was born in the North of Ireland in June 1748, where he resided till 1769, in which year he took passage for this country, and after a tedious voyage of three months and 13 days, landed in the city of Philadelphia. From this period to 1776, he resided in New Jersey and Pennsylvania.” The obituary was written in 1841 more than forty years before Sexton’s more than seventy-five years before Jordan’s. It may well have been informed by John and Sarah’s living children and is possibly more accurate than the later histories. The information in the obituary differs from the accounts of Sexton and Jordan two important ways:

a Her parents didn’t move to Geneva, N.Y. until 1796, and appear to have been living in Fermanagh up until then. b For example DAR and SAR applications, his obituary, etc. As later sources do not provide further detail, additional original sources or contradictory facts, Sexton’s summary may be taken as representing the best available information.

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1. The date of his original emigration to the American Colonies: in 1769 aged ca 21 rather than in 1775 aged ca 27; and 2. That he lived some time in N.J. before settling in Penn.

1 There is no information on JOHN S. MCLEAN’s parents or the fate of his mother and sister left in Ireland.a 794

A. The MCLEAN Family in Pennsylvania bef 1776 to 1796

1 Based on the accounts given his Tioga Eagle obituary, Sexton [1883], and Jordan [1915], JOHN S. MCLEAN arrived in Penn. sometime between his emigration in 1769 and 1776 when he enlisted in the Pennsylvania Line to fight the Revolutionary War. He may have spent some of the interim in N.J. before eventually settling in Penn. There are two land transactions for a John McClean/McLean in 1766 and 1767 in today’s Adams Co. 1 b (formed in 1800 from York Co.), but these are obviously too early to have belonged to JOHN S. . There 1 seem to be no other land transactions for JOHN S. MCLEAN until much later (1788).

1 The record of JOHN S. in Penn. seems to begin with his volunteering for the Penn. Rifle Regiment in 1776. He served for approximately two years (through 1777) in this Regiment. After completing that enlistment, he volunteered on several different occasions between 1778 and 1782 for service in the Cumberland Co. militia, eventually rising to the rank of sergeant and serving on several occasions with 2 2 GEORGE and JAMES ARMSTRONG, his brothers-in-law). His military service is discussed in greater below.

1 JOHN S. was possibly already living in Fermanagh when he enlisted in 1776 or moved there when he c 2 completed his enlistment sometime in 1778. In 1779, when he married SARAH ARMSTRONG, the 1 daughter of his neighbor ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG, the Armstrongs were already living in Fermanagh.

1 2 It seems that JOHN S. and SARAH remained in Fermanagh until 1796 when the family moved to N.Y. 2 2 2 2 2 Thus, their first nine children (JAMES , WILLIAM F. , ALEXANDER I , ELIZABETH , ALEXANDER II , 2 2 2 2 MARY , JOHN ARMSTRONG , GEORGE EDWIN , and SARAH ), all of whom were born before 1796, were 1 also likely born in Fermanagh. However, the first concrete record of JOHN S. MCLEAN actually residing Fermanaghd is the 1780 Cumberland Co. Supply Rates listing795 which shows him as a cooper, 1 having no land, and owning one horse. JOHN S. doesn’t appear again in a Supply Rates or State Tax list until 1785. He then appears regularly in both the annual Supply Rates and State Tax listings in

a There is a record of the arrival in Philadelphia in 1774 of a 19 year old John McLean, but this lists him as a “sailor” and states that he is “to go to his Station in a new vessel.” It also lists his “previous residence” as Greenock, 1 Scotland. There is no other record of JOHN S. as a sailor or having been in Scotland, so this record is unlikely to relate to him. b See PAHisMusCmsnLand : Application #2224, dated 22 Dec. 1766 in West Side Applications, p. 189 and related Survey in Survey Book A-3, p. 245; also Application #3943, dated 22 June 1767 in West Side Applications, p. 322 and related Survey in Survey Book C-215, p. 110. c This might be consistent with the passage in Sexton [1883:268] stating that the marriage was “at the close of his service.” d 2 2 Other than the GEORGE and ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG affidavits in support of his pension application which refer to “the Juniatta [sic] neighbourhood.” McLEAN [1832].

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Fermanagh Twp. every year until 1789, as shown in Figure 90, below.796 It is possible that he was serving so often in the militia that his presence wasn’t recorded during the war years.

1 Figure 90: JOHN S. MCLEAN in Cumberland Co. Supply Rates and Tax Lists for 1778 - 1789797

Year Supply Rate List State Tax Lista • John McClain, Cooper 1780 • No lands --- • 1 horse • John McClain, Cooper 1785 • No lands • John McClean • 1 horse, 1 cow • John McLean, Cooper 1786 • No lands • John McLean • 1 horse, 1 cow • John McLean 1787 • No lands • John McLean • 1 horse, 1 cow • John McLean 1788 • No lands • John McClean • 1 horse, 1 cow • John McClean 1789 • No lands • John McClean • 1 horse, 1 cow

1 One of the best indications of the links between JOHN S. MCLEAN and other families is found in the 1 2 enumeration for the 1790 federal census for Mifflin Co., Penn. Here, EPENETUS HART, ALEXANDER 1 ARMSTRONG, and JOHN S. MCLEAN are listed one after the other on the same page, possibly 1 indicating that they were in fact neighbors. They were also brothers-in-law with EPENETUS married to 2 2 1 2 2 ALEXANDER ’s sister, MARY ARMSTRONG, and JOHN S. married to ALEXANDER ’s sister, SARAH 1 1 ARMSTRONG. THOMAS HOWARD appears on the same page, twelve lines below JOHN S. MCLEAN. 1 As shown in Figure 91, below the household of JOHN S. showed six members, which corresponds with himself and his wife, and four of their children. One son (Alexander I) and one daughter (Mary) had died by 1790.

1 Figure 91: Detail of Enumeration for JOHN S. MCLEAN from 1790 U. S. Census, Mifflin Co., Penn. 798

2 2 Free White Persons - Males - Under 16: 3 JAMES b 1777, WILLIAM F. b 1780, 2 ALEXANDER II b 1785 1 Free White Persons - Males - 16 and over: 1 JOHN S. b 1748

a State tax lists were apparently only first prepared in 1785.

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2 2 Free White Persons - Females: 2 SARAH (ARMSTRONG) b 1753, ELIZABETH b 1784 Total Household 6

1 1 The first land transaction attributable to JOHN S. MCLEAN in Penn. is on 14 Jan. 1788 when JOHN S. , 1 2 THOMAS HOWARD, and GEORGE ARMSTRONG jointly obtain a warrant for 100 acres in “Beaver Dam” today’s Snyder Co (then Northumberland Co.). The warrant notes that their parcel is “joining 1 1 EPENETUS HART’s land on the West. As discussed in earlier chapters, EPENETUS ’s had warranted 200 1 acres two months earlier on 6 Nov. 1787 and ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG and his wife Mary had 1 warranted 200 acres, also adjoining the land of EPENETUS only one month earlier on 7 December 1787. 1 However, as JOHN S. is listed in state tax and supply lists as resident in Fermanagh in every year from 1785 through 1789 and then again in the 1790 federal census, it is unlikely that he ever occupied this land and may have just bought it as an investment.

1 B. Revolutionary War Service of JOHN S. MCLEAN 1776 - 1782

1 a The records of Revolutionary War service of JOHN S. MCLEAN are as follows:

1 b 799 Figure 92: Revolutionary War Units/Service of JOHN S. MCLEAN 1776-1782

1776 1777 1778 1779 1780 1781 1782 1 John S. McLEAN 1 1,2,3,4,5 1,11 10,14 17,18 21,22 28,29 1 Pennsylvania Rifle Regiment, Second Battalion (1776-8): The Pennsylvania Rifle Regiment was established on 5 March 1776 by the 1776 Committee of Safety of the House of Representatives of the Province of Pennsylvania. It called for 1,500 men to be enlisted to serve until 1 Jan. 1778, under the command of Col. Samuel Miles. Capt. John Murray of Paxtang Twp., c800 Lancaster Co., was appointed captain of the first company. The details of records of JOHN 1 S. ’s service in the Pennsylvania Rifle Regiment are as follows: − 1776 - 2nd Battalion PA Rifle Regt, Col Samuel Miles, Capt. John Murray’s Co., Private.801 − 1776 July - 2nd Battalion PA Rifle Regt, Col Samuel Miles, Capt. John Murray’s Co., Kingsbridge NY, Private.802 − 1776 1 September - 2nd Battalion PA Rifle Regt, Col Samuel Miles, Capt. John Murray’s Co., Kingsbridge, NY, Private.803 − 1776 1 September to 1 October - 2nd Battalion PA Rifle Regt, Col Samuel Miles, Capt. John Murray’s Co., Fort Washington, NY, Private.804 − 1776 1 October to 1 December - 2nd Battalion PA Rifle Regt, Col Samuel Miles, Capt. John Murray’s Co., Carrels Ferry, Private.805

a There appear to be conflicts in overlapping dates of service from some of the militia records. These indicate that they are sometimes the records of a different John McLean. b Unit listing numbers in pink identify units in which two or more members of the five families served together. c Summarized from a transcription of Pennsylvania Archives, Fifth Series, Vol. VII, p. 249 found on Elvick [nd] at http://www.neilelvick.com/Book/append_2.htm.

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− 1777 1 March to 1 May - 2nd Battalion PA Rifle Regt, Col Samuel Miles, Capt. John Clarks’ Co., Fort Island, Private.806 − 1777 1 March to 1 May - 2nd Battalion PA Rifle Regt, Col Samuel Miles, Capt. John Clarks’ Co., Fort Island, Private.807 a 1 − Spring of 1778 – In his 1832 application for a pension, JOHN S. attests that “he served out said term of two years and was honourably discharged at Valley forge in the Spring of 1778 by colonel Walter Stewart…”b 808

Cumberland Co. Militia (1778-82): County militia units were formed under the 17 March 1777 “Act to Regulate the Militia of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania”,c based initially on earlier local volunteer “associations”. All white men between the ages of 18 and 53 capable of bearing arms were to serve two months of militia duty on a rotating basis (by “class”).d The men in each battalion elected their own field officers.809 2 1st Battalion, Capt. Thomas Askey's Co., July 31, 1777, Private. [Fannett Twp.] 810 3 1st Battalion, Capt. Noah Abraham's Co., Sept. 26, 1777, Oct. 2, 1777, Oct. 23, 1777, Corporal. [Fannett Twp.] 811 4 1st Battalion, Capt. Thomas Askey's Co., Oct. 23, 1777, Private. [Fannett Twp.] 812 5 7th Battalion, 3rd Class, Capt. William Sanderson's Co., Oct. 1777, Private. [Middleton Twp.] 813 2 10 Capt. James Horrell's Co., 1778, Private – Served with GEORGE ARMSTRONG. [Milford Twp.] 814 11 1st Battalion, 6th Co., 6th Class, Capt. John Campbell's Co., January 5, 1778, Private. [Lurgan Twp.] 815 14 Gen. Lacy's Brigade, Col. Smith's Regiment, Capt. Matier (including Battle of Crooked Billett, 2 e 816 1 May 1778) – Served with GEORGE ARMSTRONG. [poss. Greenwood Twp.] 17 7th Battalion, 1st Co., 5th Class, Maj. John Elliot Reg., Capt. Hurl’s Co., August 1780, - Served 2 2 with GEORGE and JAMES ARMSTRONG. [Milford Twp.] 18 7th Battalion, 1st Company, Commanded by Col. Purdy, Capt. Hugh McAlister's Co., 1 May 2 2 1 1780. – Served with GEORGE and JAMES ARMSTRONG and EPENETUS HART [Fermanagh Twp.] 817 21 4th Battalion, Col. Samuel Culbertson, Capt. Patrick Jack's Co., July 1, 1781, Private. [Hamilton Twp.] .818 22 4th Battalion, 6th Co., Col. Samuel Culbertson, Capt. Patrick Jack's Co., August 1, 1781, Private. [Hamilton Twp.] 819

a 1 Gen. Washington left the Valley Forge encampment on June 19, 1778. JOHN S. was probably discharged before this date. b 1 Gen. Washington left the Valley Forge encampment on June 19, 1778. JOHN S. was probably discharged before this date. Col. Walter Stewart led the 13th Pennsylvania Regiment in 1777-8 in the battles of Brandywine, Germantown and Monmouth (where he was wounded in the summer of 1778). c Valued for three years and replaced by new Militia Acts in 1780 and 1783. d It was possible to avoid service by being in an exempt category (judges, members of the Continental Congress, teaches, ministers and indentured servants), by appealing, or by paying a fine to hire a substitute. e 1 This information is taken from the pension applications of JOHN S. MCLEAN and GEORGE2 ARMSTRONG. There was a militia company in the 7th Battalion formed of men principally from Greenwood Twp. and commanded by a Capt. Philip Mathews. It is possible “Capt. Matier” may be an erroneous transcription of “Mathews”.

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28 4th Battalion, 6th Co., Col. Samuel Culbertson, Capt. Patrick Jack's Co., Oct. 24, 1782 [Hamilton Twp.] 820 29 6th Battalion, Col. James Dunlap, Capt. Alexander Peebles' Co., June 13, 1777, Aug. 17, 1781, and July 27, 1782, Serjeant [sic]. [Hopewell Twp.] 821

Figure 93: Other Revolutionary War Service Records of Men from the ARMSTRONG Family

Received “Soldier of the “Ranger of Individual Depreciation Revolutionary the Pay822 War”823 Frontiers”824 1 JOHN S. MCLEAN X X Not listed

1 On 15 July 1832, while living in Benton Twp. Yates Co., JOHN S. applied for a pension for his Revolutionary War service, under the legislation passed that year. The supporting documentation for that application and the files related to it are an important source of genealogical and historical information.825 2 2 This file includes important affidavits by ALEXANDER and GEORGE ARMSTRONG.

2 − ALEXANDER attests to having lived “…in the same neighbourhood viz on the Juniatta [sic] in the County of Cumberland in Pennsylvania” with him. 2 − GEORGE states that he “… was his neighbor in Juniatta [sic] in Cumberland County…” and served with him in several militia units. These affidavits and the records of the joint units during his militia service help establish the close 1 relationship between JOHN S. MCLEAN and his wife’s brothers during the period of his war service 1776-1782. We have evidencea that the ARMSTRONG family was living in Fermanagh Twp. at least as early as 1778 and possibly before 1776b. These service records and the pension files provide strong 1 evidence that JOHN S. , “neighbour” to the Armstrongs, was living in Fermanagh by 1778 as well.

1 The affidavit that JOHN S. signed for his application is transcribed in Figure 94.

1 826 Figure 94: JOHN S. MCLEAN Pension Application Affidavit Dated 28 Sept. 1832

State of New York Yates County On this twenty eighth day of September 1832 personally appeared before the Judges of the Court of Common Pleas of said County no sitting, John McLean, a resident of the Town of Benton, in the County and State aforesaid, aged upwards of eighty four years, who being first duly sworn, according to law, doth on his oath make the following declaration in order to obtain the benefit of the provision made by the Act of Congress passed June 7th 1832. That he enlisted in the army of the United States in April or May in the year 1776 at Juniatta [sic], in Cumberland County Pennsylvania, where he then resided, in Captain John Morrow’s company in the second battalion of Colonel Samuel Miles Regiment of Riflemen, for the term of two years; that he served out said term of two years and was honourably discharged at Valley Forge in the Spring of 1778 by Colonel Walter Stewart, which said discharge has been lost; that after his enlistment in the year 1776 he marched to Philadelphia, through the Jerseys to New York, was in

a These records are presented in the ARMSTRONG family chapter, above. b 1 2 In his affidavit supporting JOHN S. MCLEAN’s pension application (McLean [1832]), GEORGE 1 ARMSTRONG declared that he “knew [JOHN S. ] both previous to and during the Revolutionary War.” This can be interpreted as both living in the same place in 1776 or possibly earlier. The affidavit only specifies “in Juniatta”.

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the Battles of Long Island and White Plains and at the Capture of the Hessians at Trenton in December under General Washington; that the next year in 1771 he was in the Battles of Brandywine and Germantown under the immediate command of Colonel Walter Stewart of Philadelphia; that he remained in Philadelphia that winter sick, and in the Spring following was sent to Valley Forge where he was discharged as before stated; that during his said service Captain Morrow was promoted and Captain Clark assigned to the command of his company; that after his discharge in 1778 he was the same year drafted at Juniatta in Cumberland County, in the militia and served two months under Captain Matier, in Colonel Smiths Regiment in Genl. Lacy’s Brigade, was ordered to the Crooked Billett in Bucks County near Philadelphia; that again in 1780 he was drafted in Captain Hurls Company of Militia under command of Major John Elliot, was ordered to Northumberland county and served two months on the Frontiers. That sometime after the war he removed to the Town Benton, Yates County, state of New York, his present residence and has resided there for thirty years. He hereby relinquishes every claim whatever to a pension or annuity, except the present, and declares that his name is not on the Pension Roll of any agency in any state. John McLean (signed)

1 2 In his 12 July 1832 declaration supporting the pension application of JOHN S. , GEORGE ARMSTRONG declared that he:

“… knew him both previous to and during the Revolutionary War; was his neighbor in Juniatta [sic] in Cumberland County in Pennsylvania, Knows that he went into the army in 1776 and saw him while in the service of the United States, in Philadelphia just after the capture of the Hessians; he was in the Rifle Corpse [sic], said McLean returned home in the spring of 1778, that he was drafted in Captain Matier’s Company of Militia in Col. Smith’s Regiment in the service of the United States with said McLean for two months, went to the Crooked Billett near Philadelphia, served out said term, were dismissed and returned home together. That again in 1780 were again drafted together in Captain Hurl’s company of Militia, Major John Elliot, for two months, served out said term of two months in Northumberland on the Frontiers, against the Indians, were dismissed and returned home together.”

C. The McLEAN Family in New York 1796 to 1850

1 Based on the evidence available, it appears that EPENETUS HART and his family were the first of the 1 five Fermanagh families to move to N.Y. It is possible that JOHN S. MCLEAN and his family (his wife and seven children) were the last in 1796.827 A letter written in 1917 reproduced in Figure 95, below, mentions the family’s move in 1796 by boat up the Susquehanna River. . The relevant section reads: “In 1796 himself & family went by boat to Geneva, Yates Co., N.Y. and remained one winter; in the Spring of 1797 moved to Milo Center N.Y.”

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Figure 95: Letter Dated May 1, 1917 from Grace McLean to the Commissioner of Pensions, Washington, DC828

Sexton [1883:268] wrote, “house hold effects and a part of the family ascend[ed] the Susquehanna in a bateau while the farm stock was driven by the way of Williamsport and the Williamson road.” a The building of the Williamson Road 1792-1796 was a key step in opening the Phelps & Gorham Purchase to settlers from central Penn.829

1 2 JOHN S. AND SARAH (ARMSTRONG) MCLEAN had one more child, their daughter DEBORAH 2 ARMSTRONG , born the year after they family’s arrival in Ontario Co. It appears that the family first settled on “Castle Farm” in Seneca (now Geneva) township and then not long after the birth of DEBORAH 2 b ARMSTRONG moved to (then) Jerusalem Twp., soon to be renamed Benton Twp. Sexton [1883:268] writes that “In 1796 the family removed to Geneva, N. Y. Though, the firstc officially documented residence of the family in N.Y. is not until the 1800 federal census for Jerusalem Twp., the 1 2 1798 Plum’s map shows JOHN S. MCLEAN on 50 a acres lot next to JAMES ARMSTRONG,

a The “Williamson Road” was built 1792-6 by Charles Williamson, the land agent responsible for selling the Phelps & Gorham Purchase lands in Ontario Co. The road ran from Williamsport, (now) Lycoming Co., Penn. to Bath, (now) Steuben Co., N.Y. generally following the route of U.S. Highway 15 today. b Benton was formed from part of Jerusalem in 1803. It was originally called “Vernon”, then “Snell”, and finally “Benton” in 1808, after Levi Benton, one of the earliest settlers. In 1818 the town of Milo was created from Jerusalem. c This is based on the assumption that early federal censuses were probably prepared in the middle of the year (when the weather was better for traveling around), while the extant copies of the Jerusalem annual tax assessment rolls are all dated in the fall of each year.

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2 1 1 ARMSTRONG HART, EPENETUS HART and John Griffin (son-in-law of EPENETUS ). The record of that land acquisition has not been found. This census enumeration is important because all of their children had been born by that time and records show that seven or eight were living around the time of the census.a In fact, the enumeration shows two adults (John S. and Sarah) and six children (four of whom are under 16). George would have been seven at the time, but for some reason there is no male of this age (“Under 10”) enumerated in the household. There were two daughters born who could have been under 10 years old at the time (Sarah b 1795 and Deborah b 1797), but only one is shown; it is assumed that Sarah had already died by the time of the census enumeration.

1 Figure 96: Detail of Enumeration for JOHN S. MCLEAN from the 1800 U. S. Census, Jerusalem, Ontario Co., N.Y. 830

2 2 2 1784-90 ALEXANDER II b 1785, JOHN A. b Free White Persons - Males - 10 thru 16: 1790 2 2 Free White Persons - Males - 16 thru 26: 2 1774-84 JAMES b 1777, WILLIAM F. b 1780 1 Free White Persons - Males – 45 and over: 1 bef 1756 JOHN S. b 1748 2 Free White Persons - Females - Under 10: 1 aft 1790 DEBORAH b 1797 2 Free White Persons - Females - 10 thru 16: 1 1784-90 ELIZABETH b 1784 1 Free White Persons - Females - 26 thru 45: 1 1755-74 SARAH (ARMSTRONG) b 1753 Number of Household Members Under 16: 4 Number of Household Members Over 25: 2 Number of Household Members: 8

1 The early annual Tax Assessment Rolls for Ontario Co. also provide documentation of JOHN S. MCLEAN’s early residences in the area. The first tax assessment was apparently made in 1799. However, the 1799 roll for Jerusalem,831 only lists 20 residents and a long list of vacant lots (or “owners unknown”), and all but two pages of the Senecab roll for 1799832 appear to be lost. So while there we have Sexton’s statement that the McCLAIN family was already living in the Geneva area before moving in 1799 to (modern day) Benton (then Jerusalem), there seem to be no records to prove it.

a Their daughter Sarah apparently died in Aug. 1800, and it is unknown if the census was taken before or after her death. b The location of the “Castle farm” three miles from Geneva, probably was covered by the Tax Assessment Roll for the Town of Seneca at the time, since Seneca incorporated the village of Geneva and a separate Town of Geneva was not separated from Seneca until Oct. 11, 1872.

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1 Figure 97: Presence of JOHN S. MCLEAN in Ontario Co., N.Y. in the 1800-1804 Tax Assessment Lists 833

Year Township Other Families Present 2 a JAMES ARMSTRONG 1800 Jerusalem 2 GEORGE ARMSTRONG 2 JAMES ARMSTRONG 2 GEORGE ARMSTRONG 1 1801 Jerusalem EPENETUS HART 1 JOHN S. MCLEAN 1 ANTHONY II TRIMMER 2 JAMES ARMSTRONG 2 GEORGE ARMSTRONG 1 1802 Jerusalem EPENETUS HART 1 THOMAS HOWARD 1 ANTHONY II TRIMMER 2 JAMES ARMSTRONG Vernon (created 2 GEORGE ARMSTRONG 1803 from Jerusalem in 1 THOMAS HOWARD 1803) 1 ANTHONY II TRIMMER 2 JAMES ARMSTRONG 2 GEORGE ARMSTRONG 2 1804 Vernon ARMSTRONG HART 1 THOMAS HOWARD 1 ANTHONY II TRIMMER

1 Again we can see that JOHN S. MCLEAN chose to settle in the same community as the other four families he had as neighbors in Fermanagh and with the men he fought with in the Revolutionary War.

1 By 1810, the area that JOHN S. MCLEAN and his family were living had been renamed as Benton. The 1 2 1810, 1820 and 1830 censuses for that town show the aging of JOHN S. and SARAH and the departure of their children from their household as they married and moved out.

1 Figure 98: JOHN S. MCLEAN Households from the 1810 and 1820 U. S. Censuses, Benton Twp. Ontario Co., N.Y. and 1830 U. S. Censuses, Benton Twp. Yates Co., N.Y.

Individual 1810 Census834 1820 Census835 1830 Census836

1 JOHN S. MCLEAN 45+ 45+ 80-89 2 SARAH (ARMSTRONG) 45+ 45+ 70-79 MCLEAN Children 4 9b 1a

a 2 2 GEORGE and JAMES ARMSTRONG were also recorded in the 1800, 1801, 1802, 1803, and 1804 tax assessment rolls for Seneca. See NYTaxList 1800-5:Seneca. Their primary homes may have been in Seneca, not Jerusalem/Vernon, while the parcels in Jerusalem/Vernon were only farmland or for investment. b The 1820 census shows three males under ten years of age. These may have been grandsons. There are nine 1 2 individuals other than JOHN S. and SARAH , including a second adult male 26 thru 44 years of age. One or more of their sons may have been living at home with his spouse and family. Separate listings in the 1820 federal census for

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1 837 838 JOHN S. McLEAN isn’t listed in either the 1825 N.Y. State census or the 1835 N.Y. State census 2 2 b for Benton Twp. His sons WILLIAM F. and JOHN ARMSTRONG do appear in the 1835 census, but not in 1 the 1825 census. JOHN S. and Sarah his wife may have been residing in the household of their son, 2 WILLIAM F. , in the 1835 census, which would account for the eight people there in 1835. In the 1840 1 U.S. census for Benton Twp. JOHN S. McLEAN is identified by name as a veteran living in WILLIAM F.2’s household. 839 It seems that the McLEAN family stayed in the same area (possibly on the same land) in what became the Town of Benton for more than forty years. Town boundaries in this area shifted frequently as the population grew and new townships were delineated. It is likely that the area of Jerusalem Twp. where they lived 1800-1802 was eventually included in a newly formed Vernon Twp. in 1803 and was simply renamed Benton by 1809. Thus, the early recorded locations for the family most likely only reflect changes in town boundaries and not necessarily actually household relocations:

1 Figure 99: Summary of JOHN S. McLEAN Recorded Residences in New York 1796-1841

Year Location 1796840 Geneva 1797841 Castle farm (near Geneva) 1800842 c Jerusalem 1801843 Jerusalem 1802844 Jerusalem 1803845 Vernon (formed from Jerusalem) 1804846 Vernon 8 Nov. 1805d 847 Vernon 7 Nov. 1809e 848 Benton (renamed from Vernon) 1810f 849 Benton 1820850 Benton 1830851 Benton 1832a 852 Benton

2 2 2 Benton exist for their sons JAMES and JOHN ARMSTRONG , but nothing has been found for WILLIAM F. or 2 ALEXANDER II who at the time of the 1820 census would have been forty and thirty-five years of age, respectively. Both would match the age of the second adult male. a The 1830 census shows one female aged 5-10. This may have been a granddaughter. Elizabeth (b 1784) might have been at home in the 1820 census, but died in 1824. b There are two “William McLeans: on p. 3, line 18, and p. 11, line 8. The first listing shows one male and one 2 3 female, and could be WILLIAM F. ’s son, William A. and his wife, Lettie (Page). The second listing (p. 11, line 8) 2 2 has four males and four females and is most likely that for WILLIAM F. . JOHN ARMSTRONG McLEAN is listed on p. 21, line 4. There is an unidentified “Jane McLean listed on p. 28, line 17. This might be Jane (Remer) McLean, wife 2 2 of JOHN ARMSTRONG , but the listing for JOHN ARMSTRONG has three females in the household which should include his wife. c Steely [1927] reports that the family moved from Geneva to Benton in 1799, cites no evidence. d 1 1 On 8 Nov. 1805, THOMAS and ELIZABETH (ARMSTRONG) HOWARD sold land in the town of Vernon that was “bounded by John McLean’s land.” e “John A. [Sic] McLean and Sarah, his wife” are mentioned as among the sixteen founding members of the Presbyterian Church of Benton at an organizational meeting held on 7 Nov. 1809. GEORGE2 ARMSTRONG and Elizabeth his wife, were also listed among the founding members. f All but three pages of the 1810 federal census of the Town of Benton in (then) Ontario Co. were mistakenly filed as Oneida Co., N.Y.

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6 May 1833b 853 Benton 1840c 854 Benton 9 Aug. 1841d 855 (his death) Benton 1 JOHN S. is recorded as living in Benton Twp. more than forty years, and his obituary states that he died there. The exact location of his home is unknown. However, his grave is actually in Evergreen Cemetery in today’s Dresden village in Torrey Twp. Dresden, was founded in 1811, but wasn’t incorporated until 1867. It was originally located within Benton Twp., but in 1851 Torrey Twp. was created from portions of Benton and Milo townships. Thus, records for the period up to his death would have recorded the location as “Benton”. The distances are small: only about seven miles by today’s roads from the center of Benton to the center of Dresden Village. Figure 100: Map of Benton and Torrey Townships ca 1876 856

1 2 D. The Second Generation – The Children of JOHN S. MCLEAN and SARAH (ARMSTRONG) MCLEAN

1 2 Four children of JOHN S. and SARAH (ARMSTRONG) MCLEAN lived to maturity and married.

2 e 1. WILLIAM F. MCLEAN

a 1 JOHN S. MCLEAN was living in Benton when he filed his application for a Revolutionary War pension on 15 July 1832. b 1 JOHN S. MCLEAN of Benton, Ontario Co. was formally placed on the pension roll on 6 May 1833. c 1 2 JOHN S. MCLEAN living in the household of his son, WILLIAM F. MCLEAN. d Date of his death. e The records found give only his middle initial “F”, and do not give his full middle name.

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2 WILLIAM F. was born 23 Oct. 1780, probably born in Fermanagh. He would have been about 16 when he migrated to Ontario Co. with his parents in 1796. There he married his first wife, Sarah Woodhul on 1 May1809. Sarah died in 1818 (probably during the birth of their sixth child, Sophiea), and he married his second wife, Phoebe Clemens/Clements/Clemmens.

2 The children of WILLIAM F. and Sarah (Woodhul) McLEAN: i. James3 McLean?b ii. Sarah3 McLean was born 23 March 1810857 in N.Y.c 858 and died on 18 Oct. 1850859 probably in Milo, Yates Co.d She married bef 1833e Rensellaer Travis. He was born in 1812 and died in 1868 in Yates Co.860 They are both buried in Lakeview Cemetery, Penn Yan, Yates Co. iii. William A. 3 McLean was born 3 May 1811861 probably in (then) Ontario Co. and died 14 July 1874. 862 He married 29 Jan 1835 Lettie Page. 863 She was born on 5 July 1816 and died on 23 June 1904 in Veedersburg, Fountain Co., Ind. 864 iv. Rachel3 McLean was born 25 Nov 1812 and died in 1860 at Mound, Warren Co.., Ind.865 She married on 26 April 1835 at Benton Twp., Yates Co. David Birch/Bush.f He was born March 1813 in Bergen Co., N.J. and died 10 Jan. 1869 in State Line, Warren Co., Ind.866 v. Alexander Armstrong3 McLean was born in 1814 in Benton867 and died 11 July 1904 in Fountain Co. Indiana.868 He is buried in Osborn Prairie Cemetery, Stone Bluff, Found Co., Ind. He married 2 Jan. or 1 Feb. 1838 probably in Benton Mary Jane Potter.869 She was born 25 Oct. 1820 in Manlius, Onondaga Co., N.Y.870 and died 17 April 1880.g She is buried in Hammond Cemetery, Tioga, Tioga Co., Penn.871

2 The first record of WILLIAM F. was the 1804 tax assessment roll for the Town of Vernon, Ontario Co., when he was ca 21 years old. He is recorded as having 100 acres and is in the same town as his parents. As pointed out earlier. He next appears in the 1810 U.S. census for Benton Twp., with his wife and youngest living child. If this census was completed in mid-year, this child was probably their daughter Sarah Etta3. One can reasonably speculate that if there was an earlier son, James, he had died by this time. The enumeration from the 1810 census is shown in Figure 101.

a The date of Sarah’s death and Sarah’s birth are both recorded as 22 Aug 1818. b DAR Application 181586 is the only source to mention the existence of a child named James. No other information is available on him. c She was listed as 30 years old in the 1850 U.S. Census for Milo, Yates Co., N.Y. d She was living in Milo on 27 July 1850, the date of the 1850 U.S. census. e Their first child, William Henry Travis, was born 11 May 1833 according to his grave marker recorded in Dumas & Conybeare [2008], Book Five: Lakeview Cemetery, Penn Yan, The Free Ground, p. 28. f Steely [1927] calls him “Birch. DAR Application 181586 gives her married name as “Bush”. Neither source gives a first name for her husband. Ancestry.com Trees give his name as David Bush at http://trees.ancestry.com/tree/49744989/person/20251402085. g Buried in Tioga Co., PA, possibly died there. DAR Application #868089 says d in Fountain Co., IN; Descendancy report found at Yates Co. History Society says d at Hammond, IN.

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2 Figure 101: Detail of Enumeration for WILLIAM F. McLEAN from the 1810 U.S. Census, Benton Twp., Oneida Co. (actually Ontario Co.), a N.Y.872

2 Free White Persons - Males - 26 thru 44 : 1 1766-84 WILLIAM b 1780 Free White Persons - Females - Under 10: 1 1800-09 Sarah Etta3 b 1810 Free White Persons - Females - 16 thru 25: 1 1785-94 Sarah (Woodhul) b 1791 Number of Household Members Under 16: 1 Number of Household Members Over 25: 1 Number of Household Members: 3

2 WILLIAM F. doesn’t appear in the 1820 U.S. census or the 1825 New York State census. His first wife, Sarah, died in 1818, so he may have temporarily been living with someone else with his small children (all under 10 in 1820). However, he reappears in the 1830 and 1840 U.S. censuses for Benton Twp., as shown in Figures 102 and 103. Given the ages and sexes of those enumerated, the 1830 U.S. census enumeration appears to show 2 WILLIAM F. , his second wife, Phoebe, and four of his five living children. However, there seems to be an unknown young male (aged 10-14) and his daughter Rachel3 1812 (~18) isn’t accounted for.

2 Figure 102: Detail of Enumeration for WILLIAM F. McLEAN from the 1830 U.S. Census, Benton Twp., Yates Co., N.Y.873

Free White Persons - Males - 10 thru 14: 1 1816-20 Unidentified?, Unidentified? b 2 1811-15 William A. 3 b 1811, Alexander Free White Persons - Males - 15 thru 19: Armstrong3 b 1814 2 Free White Persons - Males - 50 thru 59: 1 1771-80 WILLIAM F. b 1780 Free White Persons - Females - 10 thru 14: 1 1816-20 Sophie3 b 1818 2 1801-10) Sarah Etta3 b 1810, Phoebe Free White Persons - Females - 20 thru 29: (Clemmens) b 1807 Free White Persons - Under 20: 4 Free White Persons - 20 thru 49: 2 Total Free White Persons: 7 Total - All Persons (Free White, Slaves, Free 7 Colored):

The 1840 census is more difficult to interpret. It seems that one or more of his married children, with spouse 2 and grandchildren, were living in WILLIAM F. ’s household at the time of the enumeration, making it a 1 2 four-generation household, starting with JOHN S. and SARAH (ARMSTRONG) MCLEAN. It’s not evident if this married child is a married son or a married daughter.

a Most of the 1810 census for Benton was erroneously filed in Oneida Co., N.Y. rather than in Ontario Co. It is clear from the names listed in Benton in that year that this is in fact the town of Benton that was then in Ontario Co., and later in Yates Co. b 2 This male aged 10-14 is too young to be one of WILLIAM F. ’s sons.

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2 Figure 103: Detail of Enumeration for WILLIAM F. McLEAN from the 1840 U.S. Census, Benton Twp., Yates Co., N.Y.874

Free White Persons - Males - Under 5: 1 aft 1835 Grandson Unidentified? a Free White Persons - Males - 20 thru 29: 2 1811-20 William A.3 b b1811, Unidentified? b 2 Free White Persons - Males - 50 thru 59: 1 1781-90 WILLIAM F. b 1780 1 Free White Persons - Males - 90 thru 99: 1 1741-50 JOHN S. b 1748 Free White Persons - Females - Under 5: 1 aft 1835 Granddaughter Unidentified? Free White Persons - Females - 15 thru 19: 1 1821-25 Granddaughter Unidentified? 3 1811-20 Unidentified?, Unidentified? Free White Persons - Females - 20 thru 29: Unidentified? c 2 Free White Persons - Females - 80 thru 89: 1 1751-60 SARAH (ARMSTRONG) b 1753 Persons Employed in Agriculture: 3 Free White Persons - Under 20: 3 Free White Persons - 20 thru 49: 5 Total Free White Persons: 11 Total All Persons - Free White, Free Colored, 11 Slaves:

In 1850, WILLIAM F. and his second wife, Phoebe (Clemens/Clements/Clemmens) McLEAN, show up in the household of his son-in-law, Rensellaer Travis (husband of Sarah Etta3 Mclean). At this time (27 July 1850), they are living in Milo Twp., Yates Co. Figure 104 shows the details of the census: Figure 104: Detail of Enumeration for the Rensellaer Travis from the 1850 U.S. Census, Milo, Yates Co., N.Y.875

Line Name Age Est. YOBd Sex Occupation POBe 38 TRAVIS, Ranseller 45 [1805] M Carpenter N.Y. 39 TRAVIS, Sarah E. 40 [1810] F N.Y. 40 TRAVIS, Sophiah E. 14 [1836] F N.Y. 41 TRAVIS, Mary E. 5 [1845] F N.Y. 42 McLEAN, William 70 [1780] M None Penn. 1 McLEAN, Phebe 45 [1805] M [sic] N.Y. 2 STEWART, Lydia 14 [1836] F N.Y.

a 2 This might be a grandson living in WILLIAM F. ’s household; he had no children of this age. 3 b Their other son, Alexander Armstrong appears in a separate listing in the 1840 U.S. census for Benton. See 1840Benton, p. 270, line 28. This second male might be a son-in-law: Rensellaer Travis 1812 (~28) or Ranson Miller 1812 (~28). The age of __?__ is unknown. c Two of these females could be the daughters of these ages: Rachel 1812 (~28) or Sophie 1818 (~22). One or more of them may be daughters-in-law: Lettie Page 1816 (~24) and/or Mary Jane Potter 1820 (~20). d Estimated year of birth based on recorded age. e Place of birth

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2 Sometime after 27 July 1850 (the date of the 1850 U.S. census for Milo), WILLIAM F. MCLEAN migrated to Fountain Co., Ind. His four living children and their spouses all seem to have moved with him: William A.3 and Lettie (Page) McLean, David and Rachel3 (Mclean) Bush, Alexander Armstrong3 and Mary Jane (Potter) McLean, and Ranson and Sophie3 (Mclean) Miller.

2 3 WILLIAM F. MCLEAN died there on 28 Jan. 1855. William A. and Lettie (Page) McLean died there in 1874 and 1904, respectively. David and Rachel3 (Mclean) Bush died in Ind. in 1869 and 1860, respectively. Alexander Armstrong3 and Mary Jane (Potter) McLean died in Fountain Co. in 1904 and 1880, respectively.a Ranson and Sophie3 (Mclean) Miller also both died in Fountain Co. in 1874 and 1896, respectively. Figure 105: Migration of William2 F. McLean (John1) Westward from Yates Co., N. Y. to Fountain Co., Ind. between 1850 and 1855 876

2 2. JOHN ARMSTRONG MCLEAN

2 JOHN ARMSTRONG MCLEAN was born 22 June 1790, probably in Fermanagh. He would have been about 6 when he migrated to Ontario Co. with his family in 1796. There he married his first wife, Jane V. Remer, before 1815,b probably in Benton. Jane was born in 1789 and died in Dresden, Yates Co., on 11 2 July 1835. They had at least three children. JOHN ARMSTRONG married his second wife, Pamelia/Parmelia Conklin (after 1835), probably in Yates Co. She was born in 1800 and died childless on 2 4 Dec. 1869 in Dresden, Yates Co. JOHN ARMSTRONG , Jane (Remer) and Pamelia/Parmelia (Conklin) MCLEAN, were all buried in Evergreen Cemetery, (now) Torrey.

a There are grave markers for Alexander Armstrong3 and Mary Jane (Potter) McLean in both Fountain Co., Ind. and in Tioga Co., Penn., The Tioga Co. records show that they died in Indiana. b Their first child, Alexander3 McLean, was born in 1815.

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2 The children of JOHN ARMSTRONG and Sarah (Woodhul) MCLEAN: i. Alexander3 McLean was born ca 1815a, probably in Benton Twp.,b and died 29 June 1843877, probably in Dresden, apparently unmarried. He was buried in Evergreen Cemetery, (then) Dresden (now Torrey).878 ii. Lewis A. 3 McLean was born ca 31 Dec. 1817,c probably in Benton Twp., d and died 23 April 1832, 879 probably in Dresden. He was buried in Evergreen Cemetery, (then) Dresden (now Torrey). 880 iii. Aaron R. 3 McLean was born April 1820,881 probably in Benton Twp., e and died 20 May 1905 in Utica, Oneida Co. N.Y.882 He was buried in Evergreen Cemetery, (then) Dresden (now Torrey).883 He married ca 1846 Rachel Elizabeth (__?__).f She was born April 1828 in N.Y.884 and died in 1916 at Rochester, Monroe Co., N.Y. 885 She is buried at Mount Hope Cemetery, Rochester.886 Aaron R. 3 and Rachel Elizabeth (__?__) McLean had two children: Charles A.4 McLean (born ca 1850) and Mary I. 4 McLean (born ca 1851).887

2 g JOHN ARMSTRONG appeared frequently in U. S. and New York State census beginning in 1810 through 1865 as shown in Figure 106.h

2 Figure 106: Census Citations for JOHN ARMSTRONG MCLEAN 1810 – 1865

Census Type - Year Location Household

888 1 i U.S. – 1810 Benton, (then) Ontario Co. JOHN S. MCLEAN 889 2 U.S. - 1820 Benton, (then) Ontario Co. JOHN ARMSTRONG MCLEAN 890 2 U.S. - 1830 Benton, Yates Co. JOHN ARMSTRONG MCLEAN U.S. – 1850891 Benton, Yates Co. Aaron R.3 McLeanj N.Y. State – 1855892 Torrey, Yates Co. John A. McLean U.S. - 1860893 Torrey, Yates Co. John A. McLeank N.Y. State – 1865894 Torrey, Yates Co. Aaron R.3 McCleanl

a Based on grave marker inscription that he died aged 28 years and 21 days. b His parents were living in Benton at the time. c Based on grave marker inscription that he died aged 14 years, 3 months, and 23 days. d His parents were living in Benton at the time. e His parents were living in Benton at the time. f The 1900 U. S. census for Utica, Oneida Co., N.Y. says that they had been married 54 years on 1 June 1900. 1900Utica, p. 38, lines 55-56. g In his father’s household. h 2 Of the decennial U.S. censuses during his life, JOHN ARMSTRONG was not listed only in the 1840 census. i 2 JOHN ARMSTRONG , aged 20 at the time, appears to have been enumerated in his father’s household, as one of 2 2 three males aged 16 thru 25: the other two are his brothers ALEXANDER II and GEORGE EDWIN . j 2 3 In 1850, JOHN ARMSTRONG and his wife Pamelia/Permelia are listed in the household of their son, Aaron R. McLean. k In 1860, Aaron R.3 McLean, his wife Elizabeth, and his two children appear in the household of his father, 2 JOHN ARMSTRONG MCLEAN. l 2 3 In 1865, JOHN ARMSTRONG and his wife Pamelia/Permelia are listed in the household of their son, Aaron R. 2 2 McLean. JOHN ARMSTRONG ’s sister, PHOEBE (MCLEAN) Clemmens is also listed in this household.

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2 The listing for the household of JOHN ARMSTRONG and Jane V. (Remer) MCLEAN shows the couple and their three know sons (all under 10 years of age at the time). However, the two males aged 16-25 are 2 unidentified. JOHN ARMSTRONG had no known brothers of those ages at that time. His wife’s two known siblings were also too old.a

2 Figure 107: Census Detail for the JOHN ARMSTRONG MCLEAN Household from the 1820 U.S. Census, Benton Twp., Ontario Co., N.Y. 895

Free White Persons - Males - Under 10: 3 [aft 1810] Alexander3 b 1815, Lewis A. 3 b ca 1817, Aaron R. 3 b 1820 Free White Persons - Males - 16 thru 25: 2 [1795-1804] Unidentified?, Unidentified? 2 Free White Persons - Males - 26 thru 44: 1 [1776-94] JOHN ARMSTRONG b 1790 Free White Persons - Females - 26 thru 44: 1 [1776-94] Jane V. (Remer) b 1789 Number of Persons - Engaged in Agriculture: 1 Free White Persons - Under 16: 3 Free White Persons - Over 25: 2 Total Free White Persons: 7 Total All Persons - White, Slaves, Colored, Other: 7

2 The 1830 census is more problematic. JOHN ARMSTRONG and Jane V. (Remer) MCLEAN and their three known sons appear to be listed, but there are four other young people who cannot be identified: a young male under 5, a second male teenager (aged 15-19), and two young girl (one aged 5-9 and one aged 10-14). 2 These could conceivably be as yet unidentified children of JOHN ARMSTRONG or his wife, Jane, or nieces or nephews.

2 Figure 108: Census Detail for the JOHN ARMSTRONG MCLEAN Household from the 1830 U.S. Census, Benton Twp., Ontario Co., N.Y. 896

Free White Persons - Males - Under 5: 1 [aft 1825] Unidentified? Free White Persons - Males - 10 thru 14: 3 [1816-20] Alexander3 b 1815, Lewis A. 3 b ca 1817, Aaron R. 3 b 1820 Free White Persons - Males - 15 thru 19: 1 [1811-15] Unidentified? 2 Free White Persons - Males - 30 thru 39: 1 1791-1800] JOHN ARMSTRONG b 1790 Free White Persons - Females - 5 thru 9: 1 [1821-25] Unidentified? Free White Persons - Females - 10 thru 14: 1 [1816-20] Unidentified? Free White Persons - Females - 40 thru 49: 1 [1781-90] Jane V. (Remer) b 1789 Free White Persons - Under 20: 7 Free White Persons - 20 thru 49: 2 Total Free White Persons: 9 Total - All Persons (Free White, Slaves, Free Colored): 9

a Rebecca Remer born 1775 and Aaron Remer born 1780 (see FindAGrave.com Memorials # 29780678and #29780910, respectively).

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2 3 JOHN ARMSTRONG and his son Aaron R. were clearly close, as they lived together for nearly twenty 897 898 years (1850-1867). They were both described as carpenters in the 1850, and 1855 censuses. JOHN 2 899 900 3 ARMSTRONG continues to be identified as a carpenter in 1860 and 1865, while Aaron R. has become a “clerk.” In 1870, 901 Aaron R.3 is once again identified as a carpenter.

2 The 1850 U.S. census for Benton Twp. shows JOHN ARMSTRONG and (his second wife) Pamelia/Permelia 3 (Conklin) MCLEAN living in the household of his son and daughter in law, Aaron R. and Rachel Elizabeth (__?__) McLean, along with Aaron R. 3 and Rachel Elizabeth’s first child. There is also another 3 2 man, John Orton living in the household. Since Aaron R. , his father, JOHN ARMSTRONG , and John Orton are all shown as carpenters, they were clearly running an active carpentry business.

3 Figure 109: Census Detail for the Aaron R. McLean Household from the 1850 U.S. Census, Benton Twp., Yates Co., N.Y. 902

Line Name Age Est. YOBa Sex Occupation POBb 35 Aaron McLean 30 1820 M Carpenter N.Y. 36 Rachael E McLean 20 1830 F N.Y. 37 Charles A McLean 10/12 Jan 1850 N.Y. 38 John A McLean 64 1786 Carpenter Penn. 39 Permelia McLean 50 1800 N.Y. 40 John Orton 48 1802 Carpenter N.Y.

In the 1860 U.S. census for Benton Twp. the household roles have been reversed. The household is now 2 3 listed as that of JOHN ARMSTRONG MCLEAN, and Aaron R. and Rachel Elizabeth (__?__) McLean and their children (Charles A.4 and Mary I. 4) are now residents in his household along with his second wife, Pamelia/Permelia (Conklin).

2 Figure 110: Census Detail for the JOHN ARMSTRONG MCLEAN Household from the 1860 U.S. Census, Torrey Twp., Yates Co., N.Y. c 903

Line Name Age Est. YOBd Sex Occupation POBe 39 John A. McLane [sic] 70 1790 M Carpenter Penn 40 Permelia McLane 60 1800 F N.Y. 1 Aaron R. McLane 40 1820 M Clerk N.Y. 2 Elizabeth McLane 38 1822 F Penn. 3 Charles McLane 11 1849 M Attended school N.Y. 4 Mary I. McLane 9 1851 F Attended school N.Y.

a Estimated year of birth based on recorded age. b Place of birth c The town of Torrey was formally created from portions of Benton and Milo towns on 14 Nov., 1851. It is quite possible that they family had not moved, but that the town lines had moved around them between the 1850 and 1860 U.S. census enumerations. d Estimated year of birth based on recorded age. e Place of birth

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2 JOHN ARMSTRONG MCLEAN died in Torrey Twp. in 1867. His second wife, Pamelia/Permelia (Conklin) died there in 1869. Aaron R. 3 and Rachel Elizabeth (__?__) McLean and their children (Charles A.4 and Mary I. 4) were still in Torrey Twp. when the 1870 U.S. census was taken on 22 Aug. 1870.904 In the 1900905 U. S. census, Aaron R.3 and Rachel Elizabeth his wife, at the ages of 79 and 72 respectively, are both listed as “inmates” in the Masonic Home and School in Utica, Oneida Co., N.Y. It seems that Aaron R.3 died there.a In the 1890s, Mary I.4 (McLean) Horton, Rachel Elizabeth’s widowed daughter was living in Rochester, Monroe Co., N.Y.906 It may be that after her husband, Aaron R.3 died in Utica, Rachel Elizabeth (__?__) McLean moved to Rochester to live with her daughter. Rachel Elizabeth died and was buried there in 1916.907

2 3. GEORGE EDWIN MCLEAN.

2 GEORGE EDWIN MCLEAN was born 7 March 1793 in (then) Lancaster Co., Penn. He would have been about 3 when his family moved to Ontario Co. He married Elizabeth Sebring on 19 March 1815 in New York, possibly in Benton Twp., where his parents were living at the time.908

2 GEORGE EDWIN and Elizabeth (Sebring) MCLEAN moved almost immediately after marrying to Pulteney, Steuben Co., N.Y., and lived more than thirty years there. It seems that all 11 of their children were born in Pulteney between 1816 and 1837.

2 In April 1847, GEORGE EDWIN and Elizabeth (Sebring) MCLEAN moved their family to LeBoeuf Twp., Erie Co., Penn.,909 where they lived until they died in 1872 and 1875, respectively. Bates indicated that all of the children were with them in Erie Co. at some point after their move.910 The first five may have married before the move (perhaps in Pulteney) and the older five probably married after the move (possibly in Erie Co.).

2 b The children of GEORGE EDWIN and Elizabeth (Sebring) MCLEAN: i. Johannah3 McLean was born 6 Nov. 1816 at Pulteney911 and died 29 March 1881.912 She married 7 Jan 1839 George H. Whitney. 913 He was born 11 Jan 1817914 and died 15 Oct. 1869. 915 ii. Daniel Sebring3 McLean was born 23 May 1818 at Pulteney916 and died 3 April 1886.917 He married on 2 Oct. 1840 Esther Gillett.918 She was born on 30 Jan. 1823 and died on 1 Aug. 1886. 919 iii. William Edwin3 McLean was born on 11 March 1820 at Pulteney920 and died on 29 Nov. 1875 in Erie Co., Penn.921 He married on 26 Nov. 1845 Clarissa A. Gillett.922 She was born on 25 July 1821 in Pulteney and died on 30 May 1868. 923 iv. George3 McLean Jr was born on 14 Dec. 1821 in Pulteney924 and died on 24 Jan. 1877. 925 He married on 16 July 1845 as his first wife Catherine Riley. 926 She was born on 26 Feb. 1826 and died on 27 May 1854. 927 He married on 13 March 1855 as his second wife Mrs. Anna (__?__) Wygant. 928 She was born on 18 Aug. 1826. 929

a Dumas & Conybeare [2008] Book 1, Torrey Cemeteries, Evergreen Cemetery, p. 38. b 2 Most of the data on the children of GEORGE EDWIN and Elizabeth (Sebring) MCLEAN are drawn from Jordan (Jordan [1915:III]) and from the McLean Family Bible (McLean [1984]).

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v. Lewis Hoyt3 McLean was born on 15 Feb. 1824 in Pulteney and died on 4 Nov 1896. 930 He married on 15 Sept. 1847 Mary Elizabeth Lamphier. 931 She was born on 1 Feb. 1825 and died on 30 April 1894. 932 vi. Deborah3 McLean was born on 19 July 1827 in Pulteney933 and died on 10 March 1912. 934 She married on 22 Jan 1857 probably in Erie Co. George Moore. 935 He was born on 10 Aug 1827 and died on 5 Oct. 1907. 936 vii. Drusilla3 McLean was born on 11 Dec 1829 in Pulteney and died on 24 March 1896. 937 She married on 12 Nov. 1849 Henry Fullerton. 938 He died on 21 April 1886. 939 viii. John Sebring3 McLean was born on 18 Sept. 1830 in Pulteney and died on 16 Sept. 1879. 940 He married on 2 Jan 1865 probably in LeBoeuf Twp.a 941 Sophia J. Boyd. 942 She was born on 26 Feb. 1845943 and died on 20 March 1904. 944 ix. Chandler Newman3 McLean was born on 13 Dec. 1833 in Pulteney945 and died on 25 July 1906. 946 He married on 13 Dec. 1866 in Erie Co. as his first wife Sarah Demaris Wescott. 947 She was died in 1895. 948 He married sometime after 1895b as his second wife Mrs. Ellen (__?__) Waters. 949 x. Ansel Pelton3 McLean was born on 19 Jan. 1836 in Pulteney and died on 26 Nov. 1891 in Erie Co. 950 He married on 3 May 1871951 at Erie Co.c 952 Mary E. Stafford. She was born in 1848 and died in 1922 at Erie Co. 953 They were both buried at Waterford Cemetery, Waterford Twp. Erie Co.954 xi. Sarah Jane3 “Jennie” McLean was born on 2 Oct. 1837 at Pulteney955 and died on 25 Aug. 1929 at Waterford Twp.956 She married on 6 March 1867 James Adam Boyd. 957 He was born on 1 Dec. 1838 at LeBoeuf Twp. and died on 24 Feb. 1910 in Erie Co. 958 They were both buried at Waterford Cemetery. 959

2 4. DEBORAH ARMSTRONG MCLEAN.

2 1 2 DEBORAH ARMSTRONG MCLEAN, the only child of JOHN S. and SARAH (ARMSTRONG) MCLEAN born after their arrival in N.Y., was born 15 Aug. 1797 at Castle farm, Geneva, Ontario Co., N.Y, 960 and 961 died 26 Jan. 1868 in Tioga Co., Penn. She married on 24 Jan 1815 at Benton Twp., Yates Co., Capt. James Goodrich. He was born 7 Oct. 1790 in Hancock, Berkshire Co., Mass. and died on 22 March 1879 at Tioga Co. They are both buried in Evergreen Cemetery, Tioga, Tioga Co.

1 2 And thus the family of JOHN S. and SARAH (ARMSTRONG) MCLEAN and their descendants continued in N.Y., in Tioga Co., Penn., and in Fountain Co., Ind. from their original homestead in Fermanagh Twp.

a John Sebring3 McLean was listed in the household of his parents in the 1860 U.S. census for LeBoeuf Twp. and again with his wife Sophia J. (Boyd) in their household in the 1870 U.S. for LeBoeuf Twp. b His first wife, Sarah Demaris (Wescott) McLean died in 1895. c Ansel Pelton3 McLean was listed in the household of his parents in the 1870 U.S. census for LeBoeuf Twp. and was still living in Erie co. when he died in 1891.

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1 1 CHAPTER 6 THE FAMILIES OF PAUL AND ANTHONY II TRIMMER

1 1 ANTHONY II TRIMMER and PAUL TRIMMER were the sons of ANTHONY I “TUNIS” 963 -1 TRIMMER and Elizabeth Houshell, himself the son of JOHNANNES TRIMMER and March Catherine Dierdorff, immigrants from Germany and the fifth great grandparents of Pres. Richard Milhous 964 -1 Nixon. The immigrant, JOHNANNES settled in N.J where his son ANTHONY I “TUNIS” was born. His 1 1 sons, PAUL and ANTHONY II , were also born in N.J. A descendant chart for the first five generations of this family from ANTHONY I “TUNIS” TRIMMER are shown in Appendix D.

0 The children of ANTHONY “TUNIS” TRIMMER and Elizabeth Houshell:

1 1 i. PAUL TRIMMER 1 965 ii. MARY TRIMMER ca 1750-53 to 1790. m. 1754 Caleb Swayze 1722-1782 1 2 iii. ANTHONY II TRIMMER 1 1 It is ANTHONY II TRIMMER who is important to the history of the five families. His brother PAUL ’s 1 role seems incidental to that main theme. Nonetheless, it is interesting to explore PAUL ’s life, as well. There appears to be confusion in distinguishing three sets of people: 1. Anthony and Paul Trimmer who were in Fermanagh Twp. in the 1770s-1780s; 2. Anthony and Paul Trimmer who were in Vernon/Benton Twp. N.Y. in the early 1800s; and 3. Anthony and Paul Trimmer who were in Smith Twp., Washington Co., Penn in 1810-1820. There is no doubt that the Anthony Trimmer who appears in N.Y. in the early 1800’s is the husband of 1 1 SARAH HOWARD, and therefore the same ANTHONY II TRIMMER who was in Fermanagh Twp. in the 1770s-80s and allied with the Armstrong, Hart, Howard, and McLean families. Furthermore, there is 1 966 evidence that ANTHONY II was in Benton Twp. in 1810, 1820, and 1830 and died there in 1838. There is also evidence that the Anthony and Paul Trimmer who were in Fermanagh were close, possibly brothers. There is similar evidence that the Paul Trimmer who appears in Vernon/Benton Twp. in the 1 early 1800s is closely associated with ANTHONY II TRIMMER. Finally, there is the Anthony Trimmer and Paul Trimmer who appear on the same pages of the 1810 and 1820 U.S. censuses for Smith’s Twp.

1 967 Clearly, the Anthony in Smith Twp. is not ANTHONY II . Raymond Martin Bell [1954, 1994] has stated that the Paul Trimmer of Smith Twp. was born in N.J. in 1750; married Jane McElwain in Fermanagh ca 1780; lived in West Beaver Twp. (now) Snyder Co.; and moved to Smith Twp. about 1800; 1 a and was the brother of ANTHONY II . Bell doesn’t mention Paul having lived in Vernon/Benton Twp, and actually states that “In 1802 Paul moved to Smith Twp.968

1 Assuming that Bell might have erred by a year or two on the date of PAUL ’s move to Smith Twp., and if 1 one allows for a detour of PAUL to Vernon/Benton Twp., between Paul’s residence in West Beaver Twp. and his arrival in Smith Twp., it is likely that Paul Trimmer of Fermanagh and Benton Twps., and the Paul Trimmer of Smith Twp. were the same man and Bell [1954] and [1962] posts this. This is the 1 scenario incorporated into the discussions of PAUL TRIMMER, here below.

a 1 Bell [1954] states that PAUL TRIMMER “… came to Washington Co. Pa in 1802 …”, giving no source for this.

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This chapter covers the first and second generations of the Trimmer family, starting with the brothers 1 1 PAUL and ANTHONY II TRIMMER. They are introduced here below and then key individuals are discussed in each of the main chronological sections of this chapter: 1. The TRIMMER Family in Pennsylvania 1777 – ca 1775 2. The TRIMMER Family in New York ca 1795 to ca 1840 3. The Second Generation of the TRIMMER Family 1 4. The PAUL TRIMMER Family Moves Westward Before 1810 1 5. The ANTHONY II TRIMMER Family Moves Westward After 1830

1 969 1. PAUL TRIMMER

1 a PAUL TRIMMER was born ca 1750 at Morris Co., N.J. and died in 1834 at Robinson Twp., Washington Co. He m. ca 1780 in Fermanagh Twp. Jane McElwain. She died before 1820.b

1 PAUL and Jane (McElwain) TRIMMER were the third great grandparents of Richard Milhous Nixon th 2 970 (37 President of the United States) by descent through their son ANTHONY .

1 971 The children of PAUL TRIMMER and Jane McElwain:

2 1 4 i. ANTHONY TRIMMER (Paul ). 2 972 c ii. MARY “POLLY” TRIMMER. She was b ca 1783 probably at Penn. and died in Chillicothe, Ross Co., Ohio.973 She married __?__ Myers. 974 2 5 iii. THOMAS TRIMMER. 2 975 d iv. NANCY TRIMMER. She was born in 1788, probably at Northumberland Co., Penn. and died ca 1850. 976 She married probably at Smith Twp., Washington Co., Penn. Robert Ravenscraft.e He was born in 1788 at Washington Co.977 2 6 v. SAMUEL TRIMMER Sr. 2 978 vi. ELIZABETH TRIMMER. She was born ca 1792 probably at Penn. She married as her first husband __?__ Pyle and as her second husband George Miller. 979 2 980 f vii. REBECCA TRIMMER. She was born ca 1794 probably at Penn. She married __?__ Miller. 981 2 a 982 viii. JOHN TRIMMER. He was born ca 1796 and died in 1818 at Smith Twp.

a 1 Much of the information on PAUL TRIMMER is drawn from Bell, Raymond M. “The Trimmer Family of Washington County, Pennsylvania.” Keyhole, Vol. XXII, No. 1, Jan. 1994. Genealogical Society of Southwestern Pennsylvania, Washington, Penn.; Bell, Raymond Martin. “The Family of Anthony Trimmer, Sr Who Died 1754 in Roxbury Township, Morris county, New Jersey.” Mimeographed document, 1954. New England Historic Genealogical Society, Boston; and Bell, Raymond Martin and Ira A. Brown. “The Trimmer Family: New Jersey Pennsylvania.” Mimeographed document, 1962. New England Historic Genealogical Society, Boston. b 1 In PAUL ’s household in the 1820 U.S. census, there is no female over the age of 45 listed. See 1820 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, Washington County, Smith Township, Roll: M33_113; Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com, p. 218 line 6. c 1 PAUL TRIMMER was recorded as living in Fermanagh Twp. (then) Cumberland Co. in 1782 and in Penn Twp, (then) Northumberland Co. in 1786. d Her father was recorded as living in Beaver Twp., Northumberland Co. in 1788. e 2 2 Robert was her brother-in-law, the brother of Agnes Ravenscraft who married NANCY ’s brother, THOMAS . The Ravenscraft family is recorded as living in Smith Twp. by 1800. See 1800 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, Washington County, Smith Township, Series M32; Roll: 44; Family History Library Film: 363347. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com, p. 880, lines 1-2. f 1 It is not known in what year PAUL TRIMMER moved to N.Y., but it was most likely after 1794.

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1 b 3. ANTHONY II TRIMMER 1 c 983 ANTHONY II TRIMMER was born ca 1754 in N. J. and died on 23 Sept. 1838 at Torrey Twp., d984 1 e Yates Co. He married in 1777 at Fermanagh Twp., SARAH HOWARD.

1 1 f The children of ANTHONY II TRIMMER and SARAH HOWARD:

2 1 i. ELIZABETH “BETSEY” TRIMMER (Anthony II ). She married as her first husband Frederick Bakenstose.985 She married as her second husband and as his second wife, Capt. Leonard Smith.g 986 Capt. Smith was born on 15 July 1770 at Newburgh Village, (then) Ulster Co., N.Y. and died on 8 May 1847 at Angelica Township, Allegany Co., N.Y.987 He is buried at Until The Day Dawn Cemetery, Angelica. 988 2 ii. MARY “POLLY” TRIMMER. She married on 18 Jan. 1816 at Benton Twp. William 989 2 Gates. MARY was mentioned as an heir in the 3 April 1854 will of her brother, THOMAS 2 990 H. TRIMMER (“… to my sister Mary Gates...”). 2 h iii. SARAH “SALLY” TRIMMER. She married Jesse T. Gage. 2 iv. AMY TRIMMER. She was born 12 Oct 1780 at Fermanagh Twp. and died 23 Feb. 1819. She married as his first wife, Capt. Leonard Smith.i 991 They are both buried at Until The Day Dawn Cemetery, Angelica. 992 2 7 v. ISAIAH F. TRIMMER. 2 8 vi. ANDREW TRIMMER. 2 9 vii. ANTHONY III TRIMMER. 2 10 viii. EPENETUS HART TRIMMER. 2 j 993 ix. THOMAS H. TRIMMER. He was born 22 Jan 1797 in New York. He died 7 April 1851 in Benton Twp. and was buried at Mount Pleasant Cemetery, Torrey Twp.a 994 He was admitted to the First Baptist Church in Benton Center by (baptism) in 1833.995 b

a 1 2 It is possible that PAUL TRIMMER had moved to N.Y. by the time that JOHN was born. b 1 Cleveland [1873:I:300]states that ANTHONY II TRIMMER was “descended from Scotch or Irish people, who had settled an early colony in Northumberland county, Pa.” However, Chambers [1895:146ff] clearly identifies this Trimmer family as being of German immigrants who settled first in N.J. c 1 Per Cleveland [1873:I:300] ANTHONY II TRIMMER was 84 years old when he died 23 Sept. 1838. The fact that he died aged 84 is also engraved on his grave marker per Dumas & Conybeare [2008], Vol. 1, Torrey 1 Cemeteries, Mount Pleasant Cemetery, p. 65. At the probate of his father’s will in Nov. 1770, ANTHONY II was still a minor (less than 21 years old). d Hartman & Boyd [1994:8] give the year of marriage as 1777, but cite no source. The first child for who we 2 have a year of birth, AMY , was born 17 Oct. 1780. It is not known if she was their first child. e 1 Sister of THOMAS HOWARD. f 1 1 The most authoritative listing of the children of ANTHONY II and SARAH (HOWARD) TRIMMER seems to be Cleveland [1873:I:300). Cleveland lists nine children, excluding the ‘Andrew” included here. Andrew may have died fairly early and thus have been overlooked by Cleveland. Foley [1993:I:535] lists the death dates for a number of Trimmers taken from the records of the First Baptist Church at Benton Center, Yates Co. However, it is difficult to identify the women listed by Foley just by those dates. g 2 2 Smith’s first wife was AMY TRIMMER, ELIZABETH “BETSY” TRIMMER’s younger sister. h 2 In the will of 3 April 1854 of THOMAS H. TRIMMER (See Trimmer [1854]) he wrote, “…One year after my death I will that my brother Epenetus Trimmer pay to my sister Sarah Gage Thirty Dollars..." Jesse T. Gage witnessed the will. i 2 2 Smith’s second wife was ELIZABETH “BETSY” TRIMMER, AMY TRIMMER’s older sister. j He was aged 53 and born in N.Y. in the 1850 U.S. census (1850Benton, p. 130-A, line 10).

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2 11 x. DAVID TRIMMER.

A. The TRIMMER Families in Pennsylvania 1777 – ca 1775

1 1 The Trimmer brothers, PAUL and ANTHONY II , arrived in Penn. sometime in the 1770s. The will of their father, ANTHONY I “TUNIS” TRIMMER was probated in Morris Co., N.J. on 1 Nov. 1770. Both 1 are mentioned in the will, along with their sister MARY and it is reasonable to assume that as the only 1 they sons, at least one of them was present for the probate. ANTHONY II TRIMMER was likely in 1 Fermanagh Twp. by the late 1770s when he met and married SARAH HOWARD in 1777.

1 1 Figure 112: Recorded Locations for ANTHONY II TRIMMER and PAUL TRIMMER in Penn. 1777-1790 c 996

1 1 ANTHONY II - Fermanagh 1777-89 PAUL – Penn 1786

1 PAUL - Fermanagh 1779-82 1 PAUL - Beaver 1787-90?

1 1 ANTHONY II and SARAH (HOWARD) TRIMMER lived in Fermanagh Twp. through at least 1789. 1 PAUL TRIMMER lived there at least for the period 1779-1782. Sometime before 1786 he moved to Penn Twp., (now) Snyder Co. and by 1788 he had relocated to Beaver Twp., (now) Snyder Co. 1 1 Interestingly, we have records of EPENETUS HART, ALEXANDER and Margaret ARMSTRONG, 1 1 THOMAS HOWARD, and JOHN S. MCLEAN, all of whom warranted land in Beaver Twp. in 1787 1 (EPENETUS ) and 1788 (the others), though there is no evidence that any of the others actually living 1 there and they never were listed in Northumberland Co. annual town supply lists or tax lists, as PAUL was.

1 1 Figure 113: Presence of ANTHONY II TRIMMER and PAUL TRIMMER in Penn. Supply Rates and Tax Lists for 1778–82 and 1785–89 997

1778 1779 1780 1781 1782 1 ANTHONY II TRIMMER Fermanagh Fermanagh Fermanagh Fermanagh Fermanagh 1 PAUL TRIMMER Fermanagh Fermanagh Fermanagh Fermanagh

a 2 THOMAS H. TRIMMER died unmarried, without children. He willed his entire estate to his brother, EPENETUS H.2 See Yates County Will Book F, pp. 291-2.Cleveland [1873:1:302] indicates that he was a school teacher in Benton. b 2 2 His brothers DAVID (in 1820) and EPENETUS HART (in 1837) were also members of this church. c 1 ANTHONY II TRIMMER does not appear in the 1790 U.S. census.

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1785 1786 1787 1788 1789 Supply Tax Supply Tax Supply Tax Supply Tax Supply Tax 1 ANTHONY II TRIMMER F F F F F F F F F F 1 PAUL TRIMMER P B B-Beaver Twp., Northumberland Co. P-Penn Twp., Northumberland Co. F-Fermanagh Twp.

1 Raymond Bell [1954] stated that “[ANTHONY II ] may have gone to York Co. for a while where his 1 1 uncle, Andrew lived. [ANTHONY II ] was back near [PAUL ] in 1798 when he moved to New York state.” This is presumably based on the existence of an “Anthony Trimor” in the 1790 U.S. census for Warrinton [sic]a Twp., York Co., Penn. as shown in Figure 114, below. While no “Andrew” Trimmer appears in the 1790 U.S. census for York Co., there is one listed in the 1786 and 1793 Penn. Septennial censuses for 1 b Paradise Twp., York Co. who could well have been ANTHONY II ’s uncle.

Figure 114: Census Detail for the Anthony Trimor Household from the 1790 U.S. Census, Warrinton [sic] Twp., York Co., Penn. 998

Free White Persons - Males - Under 16: 3 Free White Persons - Males - 16 and over: 1 Free White Persons - Females: 2 Number of Household Members: 6

Several observations cast doubt on Bell’s hypothesis that the Anthony in the 1790 York Co. U.S. census 1 was in fact ANTHONY II TRIMMER:

1 1 • ANTHONY II and SARAH (HOWARD) TRIMMER had at least five sons by 1790, all under the aged of 10, and possibly one or more daughters. This doesn’t match the Anthony Trimor household enumerated in Warrington. • In both the 1786 and the 1800 Penn. Septennial Censuses for Warringtonc, there is an Anthony 1 Trimmer listed. In 1786, ANTHONY II was listed in the Supply Rate and State Tax lists for 1 Fermanagh Twp. By 1800, ANTHONY II was already undoubtedly in New York. (See discussion below). • Warrington is only roughly 60 miles from Paradise, but it is on the other side of the Susquehanna 1 River, so that by moving to Warrington, ANTHONY II would still have been at least two day’s travel from his uncle. 1 • ANTHONY II was clearly in Fermanagh Twp. in 1789 (again in the Supply Rate and State Tax lists). One would question why he would have moved his family more than 60 miles south from 1 Fermanagh to Warrington (away from his brother PAUL ) in time to appear in the U.S. census 1 there, and then back to Fermanagh or Beaver Twp. (where PAUL was) a year or two later.

a Warrington. b 1 Andreas (Andrew) Trimmer, ANTHONY II ’s uncle, died in Reading, York Co. in 1793 according to FindAGrave Memorial # 77082251; and Hartman & Byrd [1994:2]. Andreas’s will was dated in Reading on 14 Aug. 1793 and probated in Reading on 29 Oct. 1795. See Ancestry.com. “York County, Pennsylvania Wills, 1749-1819.” Database.. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc., 2000. http://search.ancestry.com/cgi- bin/sse.dll?indiv=1&dbid=4899&h=11711&ssrc=pt&tid=22493484&pid=1405305617&usePUB=true. c In fact there were a total of four Trimmers listed in York Co. in 1786 and six in York Co. in 1800.

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1 It seems highly likely that the Anthony Trimor enumerated in 1790 in York Co. was not ANTHONY II TRIMMER.

1 PAUL TRIMMER was still in Northumberland Co. in 1790, as shown in Figure 115. This enumeration 1 could be the family of PAUL and Jane (McElwain) TRIMMER, with five children: three sons born after 2 2 2 2 1774 (ANTHONY born 1782; THOMAS born 1786; and SAMUEL born 1790) and two daughters (MARY 2 a “POLLY” born ca 1783 and NANCY born 1788).

1 Figure 115: Census Detail for the PAUL TRIMMER Household from the 1790 U.S. Census, Northumberland Co., Penn. 999

2 2 2 Free White Persons - Males - Under 16: 3 - ANTHONY , THOMAS , SAMUEL 1 Free White Persons - Males - 16 and over: 1 - PAUL 2 2 Free White Persons - Females: 3 – Jane (McElwain), MARY “POLLY”, NANCY Total Household 7

1 B. Revolutionary War Service of ANTHONY II TRIMMER

1 1 As did most of the adult men of the other four families, ANTHONY II TRIMMER and PAUL TRIMMER both served during the Revolutionary War in the Cumberland Co. militia. The years and units they served in are shown in Figure 116.

Figure 116: Revolutionary War Units/Service in the Cumberland Co. Militia of Anthony II1 TRIMMER and Paul1 TRIMMER 1780-1782 b 1000

1780 1781 1782 Anthony 1 TRIMMER 24,26,30 Paul1 TRIMMER 17,18 34

1 1 c The details of ANTHONY II ’s and PAUL ’s militia service listed in Figure 116 include: 17 7th Battalion, 1st Co., 5th Class, Maj. John Elliot Reg., Capt. Hurl’s Co. d, Aug. 1780 [Milford e 2 2 1 Twp.] – Served with GEORGE ARMSTRONG, JAMES ARMSTRONG, and JOHN S. 1001 MCLEAN. 18 7th Battalion, 1st Co., Col. Purdy, Capt. Hugh McAlister's Co., 1 May 1780 [Fermanagh 2 2 1 Twp.] – Served with GEORGE ARMSTRONG, JAMES ARMSTRONG, Epenetus HART and 1 1002 JOHN S. MCLEAN.

a It is important to note that census enumerators often made mistakes in recording the ages of the people in the households they listed. While every effort has been made to present the most accurate dates of birth for the members of these families, possible errors in enumeration and in researching the family may contribute to difficulties in matching individuals to ages in the census detail. b Highlighted numbers identify units in which two or more members of the five families served together. c Information about units in the original sources is often incomplete regarding unit numbers and dates of service. d The company commander was John Horrell or James Harrell, which was transcribed in error as “Hurl”. e The townships providing men for each Cumberland Co. militia unit are drawn from the Pennsylvania Historical & Museum Commission website at http://www.phmc.pa.gov/Archives/Research- Online/Pages/Revolutionary-War-Militia-Cumberland.aspx#.Vsy47pwrKUl.

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24 7th Battalion, 1st Co., 2nd Class 12 March 1782 (commanding officer not identified) [Milford 1 1003 Twp.] – Served with THOMAS HOWARD . 26 Capt. David Boal's Payroll, 22 June – 29 Aug. 1782 (unit not identified) [Greenwood Twp.] - 1 1 1004 Served with EPENETUS HART and THOMAS HOWARD. 30 7th Battalion, 2nd Class, Commanded by Col. James Purdy, Capt. Hugh McAlister's Co., 24 1 Aug. 1782 [Fermanagh Twp.] - Served with EPENETUS HART and 1 1005 THOMAS HOWARD. 34 7th Battalion, 6th Co., Lt. Col. James Purdy, Capt. Daniel McClelan'sa Co. 1 Sept. – 2 Nov. 1780 [Milford Twp.].1006

We find the Trimmer brothers serving either in units formed of men from Fermanagh Twp. or in units from nearby townships with other Fermanagh men listed in the same units. One or the other of the 1 brothers served with someone from each of the other four families. In 1780 and 1782, ANTHONY II 1 served with EPENETUS HART. This probably contributed to the bond between the two men that led to 1 2 ANTHONY II naming his son EPENETUS HART TRIMMER. Aside from the unit service records shown in Figure 116, above, there is also evidence of their service in the more general lists published in the Penn. Archives Third Series, Volume XXIII (Ranger of the Frontiers), and in the Fifth Series, Volume IV (Soldiers Who Received Depreciation Pay and Soldiers of the Revolutionary War), as shown in Figure 117, below.

1 1 Figure 117: Other Revolutionary War Service Records of ANTHONY II TRIMMER and PAUL TRIMMER

Received “Soldier of the “Ranger of the Individual Depreciation 1008 1009 1007 Revolutionary War” Frontiers” Pay 1 ANTHONY II TRIMMER X X Not listed

1 b PAUL TRIMMER X Not listed X

1 1 The last dates that we have in Penn. for ANTHONY II TRIMMER and PAUL TRIMMER. are 1792 1 and 1790, respectively. The last documented evidence of residence in Penn. for ANTHONY II is when his 2 c son, EPENETUS HART TRIMMER, was born in Penn. in 1792. The last evidence of residence in Penn. 1 d 1010 for PAUL is his enumeration in the 1790 U.S. census for Northumberland Co.

a Capt. Daniel McClelland, b 1 1 PAUL TRIMMER is listed as “Paul Torimmer” on the same page with his brother, ANTHONY II TRIMMER. c This is based on his state of birth as recorded in 1855Benton (Household 119, line 41) and year of birth as recorded on FindAGrave.com Memorial #52566790. d 1 2 2 2 PAUL probably had three children born between 1790 and 1794 (SAMUEL , ELIZABETH , and REBECCA ) and a 2 2 fourth, JOHN , born ca 1796. It is possible that JOHN was born in N.Y., but here is no documentary evidence of whether any of the four were born in Penn. or N.Y.

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C. The TRIMMER Families in New York ca 1795 to ca 1840

a 1 1 Sometime around 1795-6 (or possibly as early as 1793) , ANTHONY II and PAUL TRIMMER moved their families to Ontario Co., N.Y. around the same time as the other four families. Cleveland stated, “During the last year or two of the eighteenth century, there came a colony of settlers from Pennsylvania, who located in east Benton, some of them in what is now Torrey. Among them was Anthony Trimmer, who was descended from Scotch or Irish people, who had settled an early colony in Northumberland county, Pa. His wife was Sarah Howard, a sister of Thomas Howard, also an early settler and noted citizen, who resided about one mile north of Hopeton. The Armstrongs, Harts, McLeans, Howards and 1011 1 Trimmers were all members of the same colony.” Cleveland doesn’t mention PAUL TRIMMER in this group of settlers.

1 1 The earliest recorded dates we have in N.Y. for ANTHONY II TRIMMER and PAUL TRIMMER are ca 1 1795 and 1803, respectively. The first indirect evidence of residence in N.Y. for ANTHONY II also places him in the state as early as 1795 and is found in the 1855 N.Y. State census. 1012 This 1855 state census 2 lists ANTHONY TRIMMER III and records that he had been a resident of (now) Yates Co. for 60 1 years, implying that the family had arrived ca 1795. The first direct evidence of ANTHONY II in N.Y. lies in the two records of the 1800 U.S. Census1013 and the 1800 tax assessment roll, both for Seneca Twp. 1014 placing him in the state in 1800.

1 The first direct evidence of residence in N.Y. for PAUL is when he is listed in the 1803 tax assessment for Vernon (later Benton) Twp.1015 However, it is possible that the two brothers moved their families to N.Y. together, prior to 1800.

1 The record of PAUL TRIMMER’s presence in N.Y. seems limited to his listings in the 1803 and 1804 1 tax assessment rolls for Vernon Township (now Benton), as shown in Figure 116. PAUL must have moved his family back to Penn. in the next few years because he shows up in Smith Twp., Washington Co. in the 1810 U.S. census, as discussed below.

1 ANTHONY II TRIMMER also appears in the 1800 U.S. census for Seneca Twp. This listing apparently 1 1 shows ANTHONY II and SARAH (HOWARD) TRIMMER, with possibly 6 sons and 2 daughters, or possibly with a married child and some number of grandchildren included in their household. Evidence of 2 birthdates show only two children (sons) under the age of ten in 1800 (EPENETUS HART and THOMAS H.2); though given the lack of birthdates for three of his daughters, it is possible that there was also one or two daughters who could have fit the family age groups as profiled in the census.

a 2 1 In the 1850 U.S. census for Benton Twp. (1850Benton, p. 130-A, line 11) MARY (Anthony II ) is listed as aged 57 (i.e., born ca 1793) in N.Y. If this is true, it would mean that her parents migrated to N.Y. in or before 1793. 2 Her brother, EPENETUS HART was reportedly born in N.Y., as well, in the same census household, but born in Penn. according to the 1855 N.Y. State census for Benton (1855Benton, Household 119, line 41). If the 1850 census was 2 2 wrong on EPENETUS HART ’s birthplace, it could well have been wrong on MARY ’s, as well.

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1 Figure 118: Census Detail for the ANTHONY II TRIMMER Household from the 1800 U.S. Census, Seneca Twp., Ontario Co., N.Y. a 1016

2 3 [b aft 1790] EPENETUS HART b 1797, THOMAS Free White Persons - Males - Under 10: H.2 b 1797 1 [b 1785-90] ANDREW2 b 1785 or ANTHONY Free White Persons - Males -10 thru 15: III2 b 1785-94 Free White Persons - Males - 16 thru 25: 2 [b 1775-84] ISAIAH F.2 b 1784, Unidentified? 1 Free White Persons - Males – 45 and over: 1 [b bef 1755] ANTHONY II b ca 1754 Free White Persons - Females – Under 10: 1 [b aft 1790] Unidentified?

Free White Persons - Females – 16 thru 25: 1 [b 1775-84] AMY2 b 1780 1 Free White Persons - Females – 26 thru 44: 1 [b 1756-1774] SARAH (HOWARD) b 1758 Number of Household Members Under 16: 5 Number of Household Members: 10

1 On the other hand, his younger brother ANTHONY II TRIMMER is listed in all five annual lists for 1800-1804, always in the presence of two or more of the other families.

1 1 Figure 119: Presence of ANTHONY II and PAUL TRIMMER in Ontario Co., N.Y. in the 1800- 1804 Tax Assessment Lists 1017

Year Township Families Present 2 ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG 2 JAMES ARMSTRONG 2 GEORGE ARMSTRONG 1800 Seneca 1 EPENETUS HART 1 THOMAS HOWARD 1 ANTHONY II TRIMMER 2 JAMES ARMSTRONG 2 GEORGE ARMSTRONG 1 EPENETUS HART 1801 Jerusalem 1 THOMAS HOWARD 1 JOHN S. MCLEAN 1 ANTHONY II TRIMMER 2 JAMES ARMSTRONG 2 GEORGE ARMSTRONG 1 EPENETUS HART 1802 Jerusalem 1 THOMAS HOWARD 1 JOHN S. MCLEAN 1 ANTHONY II TRIMMER 2 b JAMES ARMSTRONG 1803 Vernon 2 GEORGE ARMSTRONG

a The transcription of much of the 1800 U.S. census for Seneca Twp. on Ancestry.com is incorrect because of a misalignment of the pages in the bound copy from which the microfilm images were created. This results in the numbers on the right side of the image often being shifted upward one line and incorrectly assigned to the household above. The numbers in the present study have been corrected. b Vernon was formed from Jerusalem in 1803 and was renamed Benton in 1808.

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1 THOMAS HOWARD 1 EPENETUS HART 1 JOHN S. MCLEAN 1 ANTHONY II TRIMMER 1 PAUL TRIMMER 2 JAMES ARMSTRONG 2 GEORGE ARMSTRONG 1 THOMAS HOWARD 1 1804 Vernon EPENETUS HART 1 JOHN S. MCLEAN 1 ANTHONY II TRIMMER 1 PAUL TRIMMER

1 By 1801, ANTHONY II had moved his family to Jerusalem Twp. In 1803, Jerusalem was divided, part forming the new Vernon Twp. (which was renamed Benton by 1808). The eastern portion of Benton along the shores of Lake Seneca was spun off in 1851 to form Torrey Twp (as can be seen in Figure 100, 1 above). It is not unreasonable to think that when ANTHONY II moved his family to Jerusalem in 1802, 1 they settled on and lived on that same plot of land until ANTHONY II died in 1838.

1 The ANTHONY II TRIMMER household appears again in Benton Twp. in the 1810 U.S. Census, as 1 1 shown in Figure 120, below. In 1810, the family seems to consist of ANTHONY II and SARAH (HOWARD) TRIMMER, along with possibly two of their sons, and possibly one or two granddaughters. It is possible that one of the young men (aged 16 through 25) and the young woman (aged 16 through 25) were one of their married daughters, their son-in-law, and their child.a

1 Figure 120: Census Detail for the ANTHONY II TRIMMER Household from the 1810 U.S. Census, Benton Twp., Ontario Co., N.Y. 1018

2 Free White Persons - Males - 10 thru 15: 1 [1795-1800] THOMAS H. b 1797 Free White Persons - Males - 16 thru 25: 2 [1785-1794] ANDREW2 b 1785 or ANTHONY 2 2 III b 1785-94 or EPENETUS HART b 1797 1 Free White Persons - Males - 45 and over: 1 [bef 1766] ANTHONY II b ca 1754 Free White Persons - Females - Under 10: 1 [1800-1809] granddaughter? Free White Persons - Females - 16 thru 25: 1 [1785-1794] Unidentified? 1 Free White Persons - Females - 45 and over : 1 [bef 1766] SARAH (HOWARD) b 1758 Number of Household Members Under 16: 2 Number of Household Members Over 25: 2 Number of Household Members: 7

1 The 1820 U.S. Census for Benton Twp. again lists the ANTHONY II TRIMMER household, as shown in 1 1 Figure 121, below. This again probably shows ANTHONY II and SARAH (HOWARD) TRIMMER and

a 2 2 2 Three of their four daughters (ELIZABETH “BETSEY”, SARAH “SALLY”, and MARY “POLLY”) were possibly 2 born between 1785 and 1794, but MARY “POLLY” didn’t marry until 1816. The birth and marriage dates of 2 2 ELIZABETH “BETSEY” and SARAH “SALLY” are unknown, making it impossible to solve this definitively.

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2 2 a possibly two of their sons (perhaps THOMAS H. and EPENETUS HART ) as well as two identified young 2 females, probably two young to be their daughters. EPENETUS HART didn’t marry until ca 1826 and there is no record of a marriage for THOMAS H. (who would have been ca 23 years of age in 1820).

1 Figure 121: Census Detail for the ANTHONY II TRIMMER Household from the 1820 U.S. Census, Benton Twp., Ontario Co., N.Y. 1019

2 Free White Persons - Males - 16 thru 25: 2 [1795-1804] THOMAS H. b 1797, 2 EPENETUS HART b 1792 Unidentified? 1 Free White Persons - Males - 45 and over: 1 [bef 1776] ANTHONY II b ca 1754 Free White Persons - Females - 10 thru 15: 1 [1805-10] granddaughter? Free White Persons - Females - 16 thru 25: 1 [1795-1804] granddaughter? daughter-in- law? 1 Free White Persons - Females - 45 and over: 1 [bef 1776] SARAH (HOWARD) Number of Persons - Engaged in Agriculture: 2 Free White Persons - Under 16: 1 Free White Persons - Over 25: 2 Total Free White Persons: 6 Total All Persons - White, Slaves, Colored, Other: 6

1 2 2 On 23 July 1823, ANTHONY II TRIMMER and three of his sons (Isaiah F. , Andrew , and Epenetus Hart2) were all signatories to a petition1020 protesting the award of a veteran’s pension to one Waitstill Dickinson of Benton on the grounds that Dickinson had concealed certain assets (land and livestock) in the names of his children in a fraudulent attempt to qualify for the pension. A transcription of the original petition is shown below in Figure 122. Figure 122: Transcription of Petition Concerning Waitstill Dickenson Dated 23 July 1823 Signed by Residents of Benton Twp. 1021

As Waitstill Dickenson of Benton on the County of Yates formerly Ontario & State of New York is receiving a pension as a Revolutionary soldier and the same time in possession of an enjoying a good property, we have thought it proper to apprise you of the fact to the end that an enquiry be made whether he be worthy of the publick [sic] bounty. The fact is that Dickinson possesses and we have no doubt is the real owner of eighty-four acres of very fine land which he purchased nearly 20 years ago and has resided on ever since but as we are informed surely believe he made a conveyance of said land to a son of his after he was stricken from the pension roll under the law of 1820 and that his son has never been in possession, nor paid anything for the said land. The said Dickinson is also in possession of oxen, horses, cows which are claimed by his sons and daughters residing with him all of which we have no doubt in reality belong to him and which have been given away for the purposed of committing a fraud on the Government and thereby obtaining a pension, all of which is respectfully submitted by your obedient servants.

a 2 THOMAS H. would have been ca 23 years of age in 1820. However, EPENETUS HART would apparently have already been around 28 years old by the time of the 1820 census.

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The Hon. J. C. Calhaun (Signed by) Lodawick Bush Stephen Armstrong Truman Spencer Isaiah F. Trimmer Peter L. Bush Bernard Bush Anthony Trimmer Anthony Trimmer Jr Epenetus Trimmer Andrew Bush

1 The household of ANTHONY II TRIMMER was also enumerated in the 1825 New York State census for Benton Twp. This census shows a total of 9 members in the family (4 males and 5 females); three more 1 people than compared to the 1820 U.S. census which listed 3 males and 2 females. ANTHONY II may have had a married son living in the household in 1825. One male is apparently too young or old for militia duty and ineligible to vote (too young?). Four of the females are unmarried and either less than 16 years old or older than 45 years old. Other than this, it is very difficult to ascertain who the members of the 1825 household might have been from the census listing.

1 Figure 123: Census Detail for the ANTHONY II TRIMMER Household from the 1825 New York State Census, Benton Twp., Ontario Co., N.Y. 1022

Males 18-45 Subject to Militia Duty 0 Males Qualified to Vote 3 Total Number of Males in Family 4 Married Females <45 1 Unmarried Females 16-45 0 Total Number of Females in Family 5 Total Number of Family Members 9

1 2 In 1829, ANTHONY II TRIMMER and his son EPENETUS HART were involved in a land transaction. 1 In a deed dated 29 Aug. 1829, ANTHONY II sold ninety-two acres of a one hundred acre lot in Benton st 2 (Lot #13, Twp. #8, 1 Range) to his son, EPENETUS HART , for $1,200.00.

1 The last direct evidence of ANTHONY II TRIMMER in N.Y. until his death in 1838, is the 1830 census, where he is still shown as living in Benton Twp. This was prior to when Torrey was formed from parts of the towns of Benton and Milo on 14 Nov. 1851.1023

1 Figure 124: Census Detail for the ANTHONY II TRIMMER Household from the 1830 U.S. Census, Benton Twp., Ontario Co., N.Y. 1024

Free White Persons - Males - 15 thru 19: 1 [1811-1815] grandson? Free White Persons - Males - 20 thru 29: 1 [1801-1810] grandson? 1 Free White Persons - Males - 70 thru 79: 1 [1751-1760] ANTHONY II b ca 1754 Free White Persons - Females - 10 thru 14: 2 [1820-1824] granddaughters? Free White Persons - Females - 30 thru 39: 1 [1791-1800] Unidentified? 1 1 [1751-1760] SARAH (HOWARD) b Free White Persons - Females - 70 thru 79: 1758

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Free White Persons - Under 20: 3 Free White Persons - 20 thru 49: 2 Total Free White Persons: 7 Total - All Persons (Free White, Slaves, Free Colored): 7

1 1 SARAH (ARMSTRONG) TRIMMER died on 24 March 1832. Her husband, ANTHONY II died six and a half years later on 23 Sept. 1838. They were both buried in Mount Pleasant Cemetery in Torrey Twp., probably not far from where they had lived since roughly 1800. The cemetery is located on the western edge of the Village of Dresden and the southeastern corner of what was then Hopeton.

D. The Second Generation of the TRIMMER Families

1 The second generation of the Trimmer family, the children of PAUL and Jane (McElwain) TRIMMER 1 1 a and those of ANTHONY II and SARAH (HOWARD) TRIMMER, were probably all but one born in Penn. before the two families moved to N.Y.

1 D.1 The children of PAUL and Jane (McElwain) TRIMMER

2 1 b 4 ANTHONY TRIMMER (Paul ). 2 ANTHONY TRIMMER was born in 1781-2 at Fermanagh Twp. and died in 1841 at Smith Twp., Washington Co., Penn. 1025 He married ca 1798 at Decatur Twp., Mifflin Co., Penn. his first wife Jane Manning. 1026 She died before Sept. 1824.c He married 21 Sept. 1824 at Smith Twp. his second wife Margaret Hunt. 1027

2 1028 The children of ANTHONY and his first wife, Jane (Manning) TRIMMER: i. Jemima I3 Trimmer. She was born in 1799 and died young. ii. Paul3 Trimmer. He was born in 1800 probably at (then) Northumberland Co and died ca 1884. He married Mary __?__. iii. Nancy3 Trimmer. She was born in 1802. She married George McCready. iv. Mary3 Trimmer. She was born in 1804. She married Samuel F. Bell. v. Jane3 Trimmer. She was born in 1806. She married Thomas Hunt, John Hunter, and James Johnston. vi. Rebecca3 Trimmer. She was born in 1808, probably at Smith Twp. She married Benjamin Pinkerton. vii. John3 Trimmer. He was born in 1810 probably at Smith Twp and died in Washington Co. He married Elizabeth McPherson and Elizabeth Javens. viii. Jemima3 Trimmer. She was born in 1812 and died young.d She married __?__ Fulton.

a 2 1 JOHN TRIMMER may have been born in N.Y. after the PAUL ’s mover to there. b 2 1 Much of what is known about ANTHONY TRIMMER (Paul ) is based on the work of Raymond Martin Bell. Bell [1954] reported that he drew on “The Trimmer Traditions”, prepared in 1904 by David Trimmer, a grandson of 2 ANTHONY . c 2 ANTHONY remarried 21 Sept. 1824. d Bell [1954] reports Jemima3’s marriage and doesn’t mention her death. Bell [1994:3] doesn’t mention her marriage and says she died young.

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ix. Andrew3 Trimmer. He was born in 1814 probably at Washington Co. and died in Vinton Co., Ohio. He married Lucinda Miller. x. Elizabeth3 Trimmer. She was born in 1817 probably at Washington Co. and died in 1907. She married Ephraim Johnston. xi. Sarah3 Trimmer. She was born in 1820 probably at Washington Co. and died in 1901. She married Philip Ward.

2 1029 The children of ANTHONY and his second wife, Margaret (Manning) TRIMMER: xii. Margaret Ann3 Trimmer. She was born in 1826 probably at Washington Co. and died in 1865 in Vinton Co. She was buried at Old McArthur Cemetery, McArthur, Vinton Co.1030 She married on 10 Jan. 1843 in Washington Co. George Nixon III. He was born in 1821 at Washington Co. and died on 14 July 1863 at Gettysburg, Adams Co., Penn. He was buried at Gettysburg National Cemetery, Gettysburg, Adams Co., Penn. a 1031 George and Margaret Ann3 (Trimmer) Nixon were the great grandparents of Pres. Richard Milhous Nixon, through their son Samuel Brady Nixon.1032 xiii. Catherine3 Trimmer. She was born in 1828. She married as her first husband George Tuten. She married as her second husband __?__ Easton. xiv. Lavina3 Trimmer. She was born in 1830, probably at Washington Co. She married George Casner xv. Thomas3 Trimmer. He was born in 1832 probably at Washington Co. and died young. xvi. Unknown3 Trimmer. Died young. xvi. Samuel Hunt3 Trimmer. He was born in 1834 and died in Vinton Co., Ohio. He married Rebecca Jane Bottomfield.

2 ANTHONY and Jane (Manning) TRIMMER may have moved to N.Y. a few years after his father (assuming they were married in Penn. in 1798), but there is no documented evidence of his presence in N.Y. Bell [1954] states that he moved to Smith Twp. in 1802. They may have moved directly from Mifflin Co. to Washington Co. and met his father there. In any case, by 1810, they were settled in Smith Twp., where they apparently continued to reside the rest of their lives.b

2 ANTHONY and Margaret (Hunt) TRIMMER were the second great grandparents of Richard Milhous Nixon, 37th President of the United States, through their daughter Margaret Ann3 Trimmer (who married George Nixon).1033

2 ANTHONY TRIMMER households appear in the 1810, 1820, 1830, and 1840 U.S. censuses for Smith Twp.1034 These Penn. census listings are discussed below.

2 1 5 THOMAS TRIMMER (Paul ).

a George Nixon III was a private in Company B of the 73rd Regiment of Ohio Volunteer Infantry and was wounded at Gettysburg on the second day of the battle (2 July 1863) and died seven days later from his wounds. The soldier who dragged the wounded Nixon back to Union lines under fire, Private Richard Enderlin, was subsequently awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor for the rescue. b 2 ANTHONY died in Washington Co. in 1841; his wife, Jane, seems to disappear between the 1830 and 1840 U.S. censuses, since one female aged 30 through 39 appears in 1830

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2 1035 a THOMAS TRIMMER was born in 1786, probably at Penn Twp., Northumberland Co., Penn. and died after 1854.1036 He married ca 18051037 probably at Smith Twp.b as his first wife Agnes Ravenscraft. He married in 1832 as his second wife Martha Perry. 1038 He married in 1854 as his third wife Sarah Scott. 1039

2 There is no separate evidence of THOMAS TRIMMER having lived in N.Y., though he was probably in the family with his father when they lived there in 1803/1804.

2 1040 The children of THOMAS and his first wife Agnes (Ravenscraft) TRIMMER: i. Samuel3 Trimmer. He was born in 1807 at Washington Co. and died at Jackson Co., Ohio. 1041 ii. James Ravenscraft3 Trimmer. He was born in 1808 at Washington Co. and died in 1894 in Huron Co., Ohio. 1042 He married Laura/Louisa E. Smith.c1043 She was born in 1815 in Massachusetts and died on 5 Feb. 1901 in Huron Co. 1044 They were both buried at Steuben Cemetery, Steuben, Huron Co. 1045 iii. Moses McElwain3 Trimmer. He was born on 13 Sept. 1810 at Washington Co. and died on 8 Dec. 1882 at Belmont Co., Ohio. He married Jane Bates. She was born 10 June 1809 and died 24 March 1886 in Belmont Co. They were both buried at Hope Cemetery, Hendrysburg, Belmont Co. 1046 iv. Thomas3 Trimmer. He was born in 1822 in Smith Twp. and died in 1910 at McDonald, Washington Twp. He married Isabel McElhaney. v. Anna3 Trimmer. She married __?__ Rankin. vi. Jane3 Trimmer. She married __?__ McElhaney. vii. Maria3 Trimmer. She married William Annan. viii. Sarah3 Trimmer. She died young. ix. Ellen3 Trimmer. She married __?__ Swearingen. viii. Nancy Ann3 Trimmer. She was born in 1833, probably in Washington Co. 2 The children of THOMAS and his second wife Martha (Perry) TRIMMER: v. Nancy3 Trimmer. She was born ca 1823 at Washington Co.1047 2 6 SAMUEL TRIMMER Sr. He was born in 1790 probably at Penn. and died in 1847 or 1849 at Robinson Twp. 1048 He married ca 1811 Elizabeth? Stevenson.1049 She was born ca 1786.1050 He was probably buried at Raccoon Presbyterian Church Cemetery, Condor, Washington Co. 1051

2 d The children of SAMUEL and his second wife Elizabeth? (Stevenson ) TRIMMER SR:

a His father was recorded as living in Penn Twp., Northumberland Co. in 1786. b The Ravenscraft family is recorded as living in Smith Twp, in the 1800 U.S. Census. See 1800Smith, p. 880, lines 1-2. c FindAGrave.com Memorial #77842561 gives her name as “Louisa Smith”. Bell [1994:4] gives her name as “Laura E. Smith”. d There were no “Stevenson” households in the 1810 or 1820 U.S. censuses for Smith Twp., but there were four “Stephenson” households in 1810 and two in 1820. So though Bell [1994] gives her maiden name as “Stevenson”, she may have been a “Stephenson”. On the death certificate of Sarah3 (Trimmer) McAdams, Elizabeth’s daughter, Sarah3’s parents are recorded as Samuel Trimmer and Elizabeth Pyle. There was a James Piles/Pyles household in Robinson Twp. in the 1810 U.S. census.

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i. Ruth C.3 Trimmer. She was born in 1815 at Smith Twp. and died in 1878 at Hoskinsville, Noble Co., Ohio. She is buried at Hoskinsville Cemetery, Belle Valley, Noble Co.1052 ii. Stevenson3 Trimmer. He was born on 3 Nov. 1815 at Washington Co. and died on 18 May 1890 in Noble Co. He married probably as his first wife Malinda Butterbaugh.a He married as his second wife Ann McAdams. Ann was born on 22 Feb. 1822 and died on 2 Nov. 1882 in Noble Co. Stevenson3 and Ann (McAdams) Trimmer were both buried at Hoskinsville Cemetery. 1053 iii. Isaiah3 Trimmer. He was born in 1816 at Washington Co.1054 iv. John3 Trimmer. He was born in 1818 at Washington Co.1055 v. Sarah3 Trimmer. She was born on 5 May 1818 at Washington Co. and died on 21 Sept. 1909 at Smith Twp.1056 She married Alexander McAdams. 1057 He was born in 1819 and died in 1873 at Washington Co. 1058 They were both buried at Raccoon Presbyterian Church Cemetery, Candor, Washington Co. 1059 vi. Samuel3 Trimmer Jr. He was born in 1823 at Washington Co. and died in 1869 in Noble Co. He married Rumina Calvert. 1060 vii. Jane3 Trimmer. She was born in 1824 at Washington Co. She married Samuel McAdams. 1061 viii. Mary3 Trimmer. She was born in 1826 at Washington Co. She married __?__ Pyle. 1062 ix. Julia3 Trimmer. She was born in 1828 at Washington Co. She married Elihu Lippitt and Isaac McCune. 1063

1 1 D.2 The Children of ANTHONY II and SARAH (HOWARD) TRIMMER

2 1 7 ISAIAH F. TRIMMER (Anthony II ). 2 1064 ISAIAH F. TRIMMER was born in 1784, probably in Fermanagh Twp. and died in 1866 at Pierpont, Ashtabula Co., Ohio.1065 He married in Benton Twp. Nancy J. __?__.1066

2 The first record of ISAIAH F. TRIMMER in N.Y. is when his household was listed in the 1820 U.S. census for Benton Twp, as shown in Figure 125, below. This is a large family, with possibly three sons and four daughters. There seems to be no clear evidence of the names and vital information of all of the 2 children of ISAIAH F. and Nancy J. (__?__) TRIMMER. Cleveland sates “His children are Chester, Frances and Amy.” It also appears that there was a second son Leonard3 (b 1821) and a daughter Amy S.3 in the 1850 and 1860 censuses, and both recorded as the same age indicating that they were possibly b 3 2 twins. In any case, Cleveland apparently overlooked Leonard as a child of ISAIAH F.

a The assumption that Malina Butterbaugh was his first wife is based on the fact that was buried with Ann (McAdams) Trimmer, who died after him. b The years of birth of 1821 for both are taken from FindAGrave.com Memorials # 40440232 and # 40440187. Though the years of birth for Leonard3 and Amy S.3 in the 1850 and 1860 censuses vary, they are always shown as born in the same year.

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2 Figure 125: Census Detail for the ISAIAH F. TRIMMER from the 1820 U.S. Census, Benton Twp., Ontario Co., N.Y. 1067

Free White Persons - Males - Under 10: 2 [aft 1810] Free White Persons - Males - 10 thru 15: 1 [1805-10] 2 Free White Persons - Males - 26 thru 44: 1 [1776-94] ISAIAH F. b 1794 Free White Persons - Females - Under 10: 3 [aft 1810] Free White Persons - Females - 10 thru 15: 1 [1805-10] Free White Persons - Females - 26 thru 44: 1 [1776-94] Nancy J. (__?__) Number of Persons - Engaged in Manufactures: 1 Free White Persons - Under 16: 7 Free White Persons - Over 25: 2 Total Free White Persons: 9 Total All Persons - White, Slaves, Colored, Other: 9

2 2 2 As with his father and his two brother (DAVID and ANTHONY ), the ISAIAH F. TRIMMER household was listed in the 1825 New York State census for Benton Twp. This household listing, shown in Figure 2 126, below, seems to show ISAIAH F. and Nancy J. (__?__) TRIMMER, plus possibly three sons and four daughters (the daughters under sixteen years of age). The listing also shows that there was one family marriage in 1825 “…occurring in the same family where such female married person resided during the year preceding.”a

2 Figure 126: Census Detail for the ISAIAH F. TRIMMER Household from the 1825 New York State Census, Benton Twp., Ontario Co., N.Y. 1068

Males 18-45 Subject to Militia Duty 1 Males Qualified to Vote 1 Total Number of Males in Family 4 Married Females <45 1 Females 16-45 0 Unmarried Females Under 16 4 Total Number of Females in Family 5 Marriages of Female Residents 1 Total Number of Females in Family 5 Total Number of Family Members 9

2 1 2 On 23 July 1823, ISAIAH F. was a co-signor with father, ANTHONY II , and his brothers ANDREW and 2 EPENETUS HART , of the petition against Waitstill Dickinson of Benton discussed earlier (see Figure 122, 1069 2 1070 above). He was named as an heir in the 3 April 1854 will of his brother, THOMAS H. TRIMMER.

a Text is heading for column 14 of the 1825 New York State census form. This seems to imply that there was a daughter who married in 1825 and who had lived with her parents in 1824, but the daughter’s name is unknown.

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2 The ISAIAH F. TRIMMER household was again enumerated in the 1830 U.S. census for Benton Twp. The household still lists four possible children (two sons and two daughters), as shown in Figure 127, below. These match the sons and daughters listed by Cleveland [1873:I:300], plus the son Leonard3.

2 Figure 127: Census Detail for the ISAIAH F. TRIMMER Household from the 1830 U.S. Census, Benton Twp., Yates Co., N.Y. 1071

Free White Persons - Males - 5 thru 9: 1 [1821-25] Leonard3 b 1821 Free White Persons - Males - 15 thru 19: 1 [1811-15] Chester3 b 1811-15 2 Free White Persons - Males - 40 thru 49: 1 [1781-90] ISAIAH F. b 1784 Free White Persons - Females - 5 thru 9: 1 [1821-25] Amy S.3 b 1821 Free White Persons - Females - 10 thru 14: 1 [1816-20] Frances3 b 1810-14 Free White Persons - Females - 40 thru 49: 1 [1781-90] Nancy J. (__?__) Free White Persons - Under 20: 4 Free White Persons - 20 thru 49: 2 Total Free White Persons: 6 Total - All Persons (Free White, Slaves, Free Colored): 6

a 2 Sometime after the 1830 U.S. census was taken and before that of 1840, ISAIAH F. and family moved westward to Ashtabula Co., Ohio, on the shore of Lake Erie (between Erie and Cleveland), as discussed below.

2 b 8 ANDREW TRIMMER. 2 c 1072 ANDREW TRIMMER was born between 1785 and 1794 probably at Penn. He died after 23 July 1823.1073

2 Little else is known about ANDREW . He apparently moved to N.Y. with his parents (pre-1803). The first record of his presence is when he appeared alone in the 1810 U.S. census for Seneca Twp. as shown in Figure 128, below.

2 Figure 128: Census Detail for the ANDREW TRIMMER from the 1810 U.S. Census, Seneca Twp., Ontario Co., N.Y. 1074

Free White Persons - Males - 16 thru 25: 1 [1785-1794] Number of Household Members: 1

2 ANDREW doesn’t appear in the 1820 U.S. census for N.Y. The last documentary record of him is in N.Y. on 23 July 1823 when he signed the petition concerning Waitstill Dickenson, along with his father and his 2 2 two brothers, ISAIAH F. and EPENETUS HART (see Figure 122, above).

a 2 The household of ISAIAH F. appears in the 1840 U.S. census for Pierpont Twp., Ashtabula Co. (See 1840 U.S. Census, Ohio, Ashtabula County, Pierpont Township, Roll: 376. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com. Family History Library Film: 0020158, p. 179, line 11.) b 1 1 In his list of the children of ANTHONY II TRIMMER and SARAH (HOWARD) TRIMMER Cleveland [1873:I:300] only lists nine children, excluding an Andrew. He is included here based on the 23 July 1823 petition discussed here. He may have died fairly young, thus explaining why Cleveland might have overlooked him. c He was aged 16-25 in the 1810 census.

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2 1 a 9 ANTHONY III TRIMMER (Anthony II ). 2 1075 b 1076 ANTHONY III TRIMMER was born 16 Sept. 1787 at Fermanagh Twp. and died 6 Dec. 1863 at Torrey Twp.1077 He married before 1820c Anna Ganung probably at Benton Twp.d 1078 She was born 12 Oct. 1796 and died 6 Aug 1836 in Torrey Twp.1079 They were both buried at Mount Pleasant Cemetery, Torrey Twp.1080 In Sept. – Dec. 1813, he continued in his father’s tradition of military service by serving in the New York State Militia during the War of 1812, as a private in 2nd Regiment Lt. Col. Philetus Swift’s Regiment, Capt. John Hines’ Co. .1081

2 The household of ANTHONY III and Anna (Ganung) TRIMMER appeared in the 1820 U.S. census for Benton Twp., as shown in Figure 129, below. They are living together, but have no children at this point, indicating that they were possibly just recently married. They are listed in Benton Twp., next to his 2 1 2 ANTHONY III ’s father, ANTHONY I , and his brother, DAVID and only five lines from Anna’s father, John Ganung, indicating that they probably were living quite close to each other at the time.

2 Figure 129: Census Detail for the ANTHONY III TRIMMER from the 1820 U.S. Census, Benton Twp., Ontario Co., N.Y. 1082

2 Free White Persons - Males - 26 thru 44: 1 [1776-94] ANTHONY III b 1787 Free White Persons - Females - 16 thru 25: 1 [1795-1804] Anna (Ganung) b 1796 Free White Persons - Over 25: 1 Total Free White Persons: 2 Total All Persons - White, Slaves, Colored, Other: 2

2 The ANTHONY III TRIMMER household was again listed in the 1825 New York State census for Benton Twp., as shown in Figure 130, below. It appears that they had three children, two sons and a daughter, born since the 1820 U.S. Census. We only have the names of one son (John C.3) and one daughter (Harriet3) who were likely born by 1825, so this enumeration may include a son who later died, as discussed in the context of the 1830 census, below.

2 Figure 130: Census Detail for the ANTHONY III TRIMMER Household from the 1825 New York State Census, Benton Twp., Ontario Co., N.Y. 1083

Males 18-45 Subject to Militia Duty 0 Males Qualified to Vote 1 Total Number of Males in Family 3 Married Females <45 1 Females 16-45 0

a 2 ANTHONY III was known as “Jr” during his lifetime, to distinguish him from his father. See the footnote comment on the use of the designations “Junior” and “Senior” in Chapter 2, above. b 2 The 1855 N.Y. State census indicates that ANTHONY was born in Penn. The 1787 supply rate and state tax 2 lists for Fermanagh Twp. both show that his father was living in Fermanagh the year ANTHONY III was born. c They appear as a couple in the 1820 U.S. census for Benton Twp. (See below). d The Ganung family moved to Ontario Co. sometime between 1810, when Anna’s father, John Ganung, appeared in the 1810 U.S. Census for Carmel Twp., Dutchess Co., N.Y., and 1820 when John Ganung is in the 1820 U.S. Census for Benton Twp.

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Unmarried Females Under 16 1 Total Number of Females in Family 2 Total Number of Family Members 5

2 ANTHONY III and Anna (Ganung) TRIMMER appear again in the 1830 U.S. census for Benton Twp., with five children (three sons and two daughters), as shown in Figure 131, below. The names of only four children born between 1821 and 1830 are known.a

2 Figure 131: Census Detail for the ANTHONY III TRIMMER from the 1830 U.S. Census, Benton Twp., Yates Co., N.Y. 1084

Free White Persons - Males - Under 5: 2 [aft 1825] Edward M.3 b ca 1829 + Unidentified? Free White Persons - Males - 5 thru 9: 1 [1821-25] John C.3 b ca 1822 2 Free White Persons - Males - 40 thru 49: 1 [1781-90] ANTHONY III b 1787 Free White Persons - Females - Under 5: 1 [aft 1825] Anna3 b ca 1827 Free White Persons - Females - 5 thru 9: 1 [1821-25] Harriet3 b ca 1826 Free White Persons - Females - 30 thru 39: 1[1791-1800] Anna (Ganung) b 1796 Free White Persons - Under 20: 5 Free White Persons - 20 thru 49: 2 Total Free White Persons: 7 Total - All Persons (Free White, Slaves, Free Colored): 7

2 The ANTHONY III TRIMMER household appears once again in the 1840 U.S. census for Benton Twp. However, his wife, Anna (Ganung) TRIMMER, had died in 1836 and does not appear. Instead, there is an 2 older woman, aged 60 to 69 living in the household. ANTHONY III ’s mother-in-law, Esther (Randall) Ganung died in 1829.1085 Anthony III2’s own mother had died in 1832. It is unclear if he had any sisters living in 1840, old enough to be this woman. The 1840 enumeration shows four younger males and five young females, all nineteen years old or younger, for a total of eight young people. Four of the young people in the household remain unidentified. It is unknown if any of his children might have married by 1840 so that this household could include a married child and spouse and possibly a grandchild. None of 2 ANTHONY ’s siblings were less than twenty years old, so that rules out the possibility that one of them was living with him.

2 Figure 132: Census Detail for the ANTHONY III TRIMMER from the 1840 U.S. Census, Benton Twp., Yates Co., N.Y. b 1086

Free White Persons - Males - Under 5: 1 [aft 1835] Unidentified? Free White Persons - Males - 5 thru 9: 1 [1831-35] Unidentified? Free White Persons - Males - 10 thru 14: 1 [1826-30] Edward M. 3 b 1829 Free White Persons - Males - 15 thru 19: 1 [1811-25] John C. 3 b ca 1822

a It seems from the 1830 U.S. census listing that there may have been a third son, born sometime after 1825, who may have died young (after the 1830 census) and who remains unidentified. b 2 ANTHONY III ’s wife, Jane (Manning), does not seem to appear in the 1840 U.S. census and thus may have died between 1830 and 1840.

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2 Free White Persons - Males - 40 thru 49: 1 [1791-1800] ANTHONY III b 1787 Free White Persons - Females - Under 5: 1 [aft 1835] Unidentified? Free White Persons - Females - 5 thru 9: 1 [1831-35] Mary Hannah3 b 1833 Free White Persons - Females - 10 thru 14: 2 [1826-30] Harriet3 b ca 1826, Anna3 b ca 1827 Free White Persons - Females - 15 thru 19: 1 [1811-25] Unidentified? Free White Persons - Females - 60 thru 69: 1 [1771-80] Esther (Randall) Ganung? Persons Employed in Agriculture: 1 Free White Persons - Under 20: 9 Free White Persons - 20 thru 49: 1 Total Free White Persons: 11 Total All Persons - Free White, Free Colored, Slaves: 11

2 2 On 3 April 1854, ANTHONY III was named as an heir in his brother THOMAS H. ’s will: “…and to my brothers Anthony Trimmer …”.1087

1088 2 In the 1855 N.Y. State census for Benton Twp., ANTHONY III aged 68, appears in the household of his 3 son-in-law and daughter, Sylvester and Harriet (Trimmer) Simmons, as is shown in Figure 133, below.

2 Figure 133: Census Detail for the ANTHONY III TRIMMER from the 1855 New York State Census, Benton Twp., Yates Co., N.Y. 1089

Line Name Age Est. YOBa Sex Other Information 1 SIMMONS, Sylvester 33 [1822] M Head Yates Married 33 years-same-town Farmer 2 " , Harriet 29 [1826] F Wife Yates Married 29 years-same-town 3 " , Justus M 2 [1853] M Child Yates 2 years-same-town 4 TRIMMER, Anthony 68 [1787] M Father-in-Law Yates 60 years-same-town

By the time of the 1860 census, Harriet3 and her husband had moved to Pulteney Twp. in Steuben Co., 2 1090 N.Y. and ANTHONY III (now listed as aged 73) was again found listed in their household in Pulteney. This is shown in Figure 134.

2 Figure 134: Census Detail for the ANTHONY III TRIMMER from the 1860 U.S. Census, Pulteney Twp., Steuben Co., N.Y. 1091

Line Name Age Est. YOBb Sex Occupation POBc 19 SIMMONS, Sylvester 40 [1820] M Farmer NY 20 " , Harriet 32 [1828] F Housekeeper NY 21 " , Justice 8 [1852] M NY 22 " , Henry 2 [1858] N NY 23 CHRISTLER, H. 14 [1846] F NY 24 TRIMMER, Anth. 73 [1787] M PA

a Estimated year of birth based on recorded age. b Estimated year of birth based on recorded age. c Place of birth

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2 1 a 10 EPENETUS HART TRIMMER (Anthony II ). 2 1092 1093 EPENETUS HART was born in 1792 at Penn. and died April 1857 at Yates Co. He married probably at Benton Twp., Rebecca Ellis.1094 She was born in 18031095 at Seneca Twp.1096 and died on 28 Aug. 1868 at Yates Co. 1097 They were both buried at Mount Pleasant Cemetery, Torrey Twp.1098

2 1099 The earliest documentary record of EPENETUS HART in N.Y. is on 23 July 1823 when he signed the 2 petition against Waitstill Dickenson of Benton Twp., with his father and two brothers, ANDREW and 2 ISAIAH F. (See Figure 122, above.)

2 The household of EPENETUS HART TRIMMER is listed in the 1830 U.S. census for Benton Twp., as shown in Figure 135, below. It is unclear who the young girl, aged 5 through 9 (i.e., born 1821-1825), in the 1830 census might have been. It is possible that Mary3 “Polly” was in fact born in 1825 or earlier, or her age was incorrectly noted by the census enumerator.

2 Figure 135: Census Detail for the EPENETUS HART TRIMMER Household from the 1830 U.S. Census, Benton Twp., Yates Co., N.Y. 1100

2 Free White Persons - Males - 30 thru 39: 1 [1791-1800] EPENETUS HART b 1792 Free White Persons - Females - Under 5: 2 [aft 1825] Jemima3 b 1828, Sarah3 b 1828 3 Free White Persons - Females - 5 thru 9: 1 [1821-1825] Mary “Polly” Unidentified? Free White Persons - Females - 20 thru 29: 1 [1801-1810] Rebecca (Ellis) b 1803 Free White Persons - Under 20: 3 Free White Persons - 20 thru 49: 2 Total Free White Persons: 5 Total - All Persons (Free White, Slaves, Free Colored): 5

2 EPENETUS HART TRIMMER was admitted to the First Baptist Church in Benton Center by baptism in 1101 2 2 1837. His brothers THOMAS H. (in 1833) and DAVID (in 1820) were also members of this church.

2 The EPENETUS HART TRIMMER household is next listed in the 1835 New York State census for Benton 2 Twp., as shown in Figure 136, below. This enumeration seems to show EPENETUS HART and Rebecca (Ellis) TRIMMER, as well as possibly six children: one son less than eighteen years old, five daughters under sixteen years old, and one daughter aged sixteen or more. It is known that by this time they had, one son, Ellsworth3 “Elzer” (b 1832) and three or four daughters: Mary3 “Polly” b ca 1827, Jemima3 b 1828, Sarah3 b 1828, and possibly Elizabeth3 “Eliza” b 1835. b

a 1 The fact that ANTHONY II TRIMMER gave the name “Epenetus Hart” to a son born in Penn. is perhaps the 1 1 strongest indication of the bond that must have existed between ANTHONY II and EPENETUS HART prior to their both moving to N.Y. b The number of daughters living at that time depended on the date of the census enumeration and the exact birthdates, which in some cases are unknown.

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2 Figure 136: Census Detail for the EPENETUS HART TRIMMER III Household from the 1835 New York State Census, Benton Twp., Ontario Co., N.Y. 1102

Males 18-45 Subject to Militia Duty 0 Males Qualified to Vote 1 Total Number of Males in Family 2 Married Females <45 1 Unmarried Females 16-45 1 Unmarried Females Under 16 5 Total Number of Females in Family 6 Total Number of Family Members 8

2 In 1840, the EPENETUS HART TRIMMER household is again listed in the U.S. census for Benton Twp., 2 as shown in Figure 137, below. EPENETUS HART and his wife, Rebecca (Ellis) are included, along with at least five of their children. One of the younger girls is unidentified. It is likely that the older man (aged 2 2 50-59) enumerated was his brother THOMAS H. who was also listed in EPENETUS HART ’s household in the 1850 U.S. census. The older woman (aged 40-49) in the household is unknown, but may be the “Mary 2 Trimmer” also found in EPENETUS HART ’s household in the 1850 census. (See discussion of 1850 census, below.)

2 Figure 137: Census Detail for the EPENETUS HART TRIMMER Household from the 1840 U.S. Census, Benton Twp., Yates Co., N.Y. 1103

Free White Persons - Males - Under 5: 1 [aft 1835] Thomas H. 3 b ca 1787 Free White Persons - Males - 5 thru 9: 1 [1831-5] Ellsworth3 “Elzer” b 1832 2 Free White Persons - Males - 40 thru 49: 1 [1791-1800] EPENETUS HART b 1792 2 Free White Persons - Males - 50 thru 59: 1 [1781-80] (THOMAS H. ?) Free White Persons - Females - Under 5: 1 [aft 1835] Sarah3 b 1836 Free White Persons - Females - 5 thru 9: 2 [1831-5] Elizabeth3 “Eliza” b 1835, Unidentified? Free White Persons - Females - 10 thru 14: 1 [1826-30] Jemima3 b 1828 Free White Persons - Females - 30 thru 39: 1 [1801-10] Rebecca (Ellis) b 1803 Free White Persons - Females - 40 thru 49: 1 [1791-1800] (Mary?) Persons Employed in Agriculture: 1 Free White Persons - Under 20: 6 Free White Persons - 20 thru 49: 3 Total Free White Persons: 10 Total All Persons - Free White, Free Colored, Slaves: 10

2 EPENETUS HART ’s household is again listed in the 1850 U.S. census and the 1850 census Agriculture Schedule for Benton Twp. The 1850 U.S. census enumeration is in Figure 138, below. His brother, 2 2 THOMAS H. is living with them as is a “Mary Trimmer”. This might be THOMAS H. ’s wife, but it is not confirmed if he had ever married and he does not mention a wife in his 1854 will.a This could also be his

a 2 She might have died by the time of the will. Also, no children of THOMAS H. are mentioned in the will.

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2 older sister, MARY (TRIMMMER) Gates, but it is more likely that she would have been enumerated as “Mary Gates”, using her married name.

2 Figure 138: Census Detail for the EPENETUS HART TRIMMER Household from the 1850 U.S. Census, Benton Twp., Yates Co., N.Y. 1104

Line Name Age Est. YOBa Sex Occupation POBb 1 TRIMMER, Epenetus 55 [1795] M Farmer $5830 NY 2 " , Ellen 48 [1802] F NY 3 " , Mary 21 [1829] F NY 4 " , Elzer 18 [1832] M Farmer at school NY 5 " , Eliza 16 [1834] F at school NY 6 " , Thomas 13 [1837] M at school NY 7 " , Sarah 12 [1838] F at school NY 8 " , William 8 [1842] M at school NY 9 " , Ruth 3 [1847] F NY 10 " , Thomas 53 [1797] M Teacher NY 11 " , Mary 57 [1793] F NY Date: 30 Oct. 1850

1105 2 The 1850 Agriculture Schedule for the U.S. census shows EPENETUS HART with a small general purpose family farm (26 acres) in Benton Twp., raising grains (wheat, corn, and oats) and livestock (horses, dairy cattle, sheep, and swine). The farm produced butter and cheese, wool, and animals for slaughter.

2 2 11 DAVID TRIMMER (Anthony II ). 2 c 1106 d DAVID TRIMMER was born between 1781-1790 and died in 1855. He married firstly probably at Benton Twp. Susan/Susanna Reading. He married secondly a Mary (__?__) (Kelly), a widow, and “…moved to Kent Co., Michigan.”1107

2 The first record of DAVID TRIMMER is a listing for him in the 1820 U.S. census for Benton Twp., as shown in Figure 139, below. This enumeration could show his first wife, Sarah, and two young children, a son and a daughter. The names of any children are unknown.

2 Figure 139: Census Detail for the DAVID TRIMMER HOUSEHOLD from the 1820 U.S. Census, Benton Twp., Yates Co., N.Y. 1108

Free White Persons - Males - Under 10: 1 [aft 1810] son 2 Free White Persons - Males - 26 thru 44: 1 [1776-94] DAVID Free White Persons - Females - Under 10: 1 [aft 1810] daughter

a Estimated year of birth based on recorded age. b Place of birth c Birth date range is based on the age of the adult male listed in the 1820 U.S. census enumeration for the 2 DAVID TRIMMER household.. (See 1820Benton, p. 255, line 41.) d 2 1 1 DAVID TRIMMER is one of the children of ANTHONY and SARAH (HOWARD) TRIMMER listed by Cleveland [1873:I:300]. He is listed first and might have in fact been the eldest child, but there is no other proof of his being first-born.

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Free White Persons - Females - 16 thru 25: 1 [1795-1804] Susan/Susanna (Reading) Unidentified? Number of Persons - Engaged in Agriculture: 1 Free White Persons - Under 16: 2 Free White Persons - Over 25: 1 Total Free White Persons: 4 Total All Persons - White, Slaves, Colored, Other: 4

2 DAVID appears with his first wife, Susan/Susanna, in 1820 in a record for their admission to the First 1109 2 Baptist Church in Benton Center by (baptism). His brothers THOMAS H. (in 1833) and EPENETUS 2 HART (in 1837) were also members of this church.

2 DAVID and (probably) one of his wives appear in the 1825 New York State census for Benton Twp., with one daughter under age sixteen, as shown in Figure 140, below.

2 Figure 140: Census Detail for the DAVID TRIMMER JR Household from the 1825 New York State Census, Benton Twp., Ontario Co., N.Y. 1110

Males 18-45 Subject to Militia Duty 0 Males Qualified to Vote 1 Total Number of Males in Family 1 Married Females <45 1 Unmarried Females 16-45 0 Unmarried Females <16 1 Total Number of Females in Family 1 Total Number of Family Members 3

2 DAVID next appears in the 1830 U.S. census for Benton Twp. This listing seems to show the same family 2 (DAVID with a wife and one son and one daughter) but it is not possible to determine whether this was his first wife, Sarah, or his second, Mary (__?__) (Kelly).

2 Figure 141: Census Detail for the DAVID TRIMMER Household from the 1830 U.S. Census, Benton Twp., Yates Co., N.Y. 1111

Free White Persons - Males - 10 thru 14: 1 [1820-24] son 2 Free White Persons - Males - 40 thru 49: 1 [1781-1790] DAVID Free White Persons - Females - 10 thru 14: 1 [1820-24] daughter Free White Persons - Females - 30 thru 39: 1 [1791-1800] Wife (Sarah? Mary?) Free White Persons - Under 20: 2 Free White Persons - 20 thru 49: 2 Total Free White Persons: 4 Total - All Persons (Free White, Slaves, Free Colored): 4

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E. The TRIMMER Families Move Westward Before 1810 - 1840

1 The Trimmer families joined the other four families in migrating westward from Benton Twp. PAUL and Jane (McElwain) TRIMMER, with whatever family had moved to N.Y. with them, moved to western 1 2 2 Penn sometime before 1810. Two of the sons of ANTHONY II TRIMMER, ISAIAH F. AND DAVID , left 2 2 Benton probably in the 1830’s: DAVID for Michigan sometime after 1830 and ISAIAH F. for Ohio before 1840.

1 E.1 The children of PAUL and Jane (McElwain) TRIMMER Move Westward Before 1810

1 PAUL and Jane (McElwain) TRIMMER, and probably any of their children that had moved with them to N.Y. (or been born there), moved from N.Y. to Smith Twp., Washington Co. in southwestern Penn. 1 sometime between when PAUL appeared in the 1804 tax assessment roll for Seneca Twp. and 1810 when the household appeared in the 1810 U.S. census for Smith Twp.

1 Figure 142: Locations of the PAUL TRIMMER Family in 1790, 1804 and by 1810 in Smith Twp., Penn. 1112

1803-4 Vernon (Benton), N. Y.

1780’s Fermanagh, Penn. 1804-10 Smith, Penn.

This move to western Penn. may well have followed a very different route than that which the family might have taken to move from Fermanagh Twp. to Ontario Co. a decade or so earlier. As can be seen in Figure 142, above, there were roads probably suitable for wagon travel across central N.Y. to Erie, and a 1 then south to Pittsburgh (not far from Smith Twp.). Any of family PAUL ’s that might have remained in Fermanagh or in Northumberland Co. (his last recorded location in Penn. before moving to N.Y.), could have joined the road that ran form Harrisburg to Pittsburgh and followed that westward to Smith Twp.

a Just to the southwest of Pittsburgh.

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1 PAUL TRIMMER and his family arrived in Smith Twp. sometime before the 1810 U.S. census was taken. Given the ages of the younger family members, it is likely that all of these people were with him during his séjour in N.Y., though some of his family may have waited in Penn. and joined him in Smith Twp.

1 2 2 PAUL and each of his two oldest sons, ANTHONY and THOMAS were listed separately in the 1810 1 census, but all on the same page. Figure 143, below, shows the household of PAUL and Jane (McElwain) 2 2 TRIMMER in 1810 with two of their youngest sons (JOHN and SAMUEL ) and their three youngest 2 2 2 daughters (REBECCA , NANCY , and ELIZABETH ).

1 Figure 143: Census Detail for the PAUL TRIMMER Household from the 1810 U.S. Census, Smith Twp., Washington Co., Penn. 1113

2 Free White Persons - Males - Under 10: 1 [aft 1790] JOHN b ca 1796 2 Free White Persons - Males - 16 thru 25: 1 [1785-94] SAMUEL b 1790 1 Free White Persons - Males - 45 and over: 2 [bef 1766] PAUL b ca 1750 and Unidentified? 2 Free White Persons - Females - Under 10: 1 [aft 1790] REBECCA b ca 1794 2 Free White Persons - Females - 16 thru 25: 2 [1785-94] NANCY b 1788 and 2 ELIZABETH b ca 1792 Free White Persons - Females - 45 and over : 1 [bef 1766] Jane (McElwain) b? Number of Household Members Under 16: 2 Number of Household Members Over 25: 3 Number of Household Members: 8

2 1 The 1810 census detail for ANTHONY TRIMMER (Paul ), found on the same page of the census as his 2 2 father and his brother, THOMAS , is shown in Figure 144, below. This seems to show ANTHONY and his first wife Jane (Manning), and possibly two sons and four daughters. As the dates of birth are not known for all of the children, it is not possible to determine which children were included in the census.

2 Figure 144: Census Detail for the ANTHONY TRIMMER Household from the 1810 U.S. Census, Smith Twp., Washington Co., Penn. 1114

Free White Persons - Males - Under 10: 2 [aft 1800] 2 sons 2 Free White Persons - Males - 26 thru 44 : 1 [1766-84] ANTHONY b 1781/2 Free White Persons - Females - Under 10: 3 [aft 1800] 3 daughters Free White Persons - Females - 10 thru 15: 1 [1795-1800] daughter Free White Persons - Females - 26 thru 44: 1 [1766-84] Jane (Manning) b ? Number of Household Members Under 16: 6 Number of Household Members Over 25: 2 Number of Household Members: 8

2 1 THOMAS TRIMMER is found on the same page of the 1810 census of Smith Twp. as his father, PAUL , 2 2 and brother, ANTHONY . This appears household to be THOMAS and his first wife Agnes (Ravenscraft),

177 along with three sons and one or two daughters.a While the three sons enumerated match the known 2 2 children of THOMAS and Agnes (Ravenscraft), the two girls do not. They could be siblings of THOMAS or Agnes.

2 Figure 145: Census Detail for the THOMAS TRIMMER Household from the 1810 U.S. Census, Smith Twp., Washington Co., Penn. 1115

Free White Persons - Males - Under 10: 3 [aft 1800] Samuel3 b 1807, James Ravenscraft3 b 1808, and Moses3 b 1810 2 Free White Persons - Males - 16 thru 25: 1 [1785-94] THOMAS b 1786 Free White Persons - Females - Under 10: 1 [aft 1800] daughter Unidentified? sister Unidentified? Free White Persons - Females - 10 thru 15: 1 [1795-1800] sister Unidentified? Free White Persons - Females - 26 thru 44: 1 [1766-84] Agnes (Ravenscraft) b ? Number of Household Members Under 16: 5 Number of Household Members Over 25: 1 Number of Household Members: 7

1 2 2 PAUL and each of his two oldest sons, ANTHONY and THOMAS were again listed separately in the 1820 1 2 2 census for Smith Twp., with PAUL and ANTHONY on one page (218) and THOMAS four pages earlier (p. 214 with Robert Ravenscraft, his brother-in-law).

1 By 1820, as shown in Figure 146, below, PAUL ’s wife, Jane (McElwain) TRIMMER, had probably already died as no female over 45 is present. Given the five young girls (four under 10 years of age and 1 one 10 – 15 years old), it may be that one of PAUL ’s married children was living at home with him (the man and the woman aged 26-44 and the five young children).b

1 Figure 146: Census Detail for the PAUL TRIMMER Household from the 1820 U.S. Census, Smith Twp., Washington Co., Penn. 1116

2 Free White Persons - Males - 16 thru 25: 2 [1795-1804] JOHN b ca 1796 and grandson? Free White Persons - Males - 26 thru 44: 1 [1776-94] married son or son-in-law 1 Free White Persons - Males - 45 and over: 1 [bef 1775] PAUL b ca 1750 Free White Persons - Females - Under 10: 4 [aft 1810] granddaughters? Free White Persons - Females - 10 thru 15: 1 [1805-10] granddaughter? 2 Free White Persons - Females - 16 thru 25: 2 [1795-1804] REBECCA b ca 1794 and Unidentified?

a Agnes’s father, James Ravenscraft Sr, and her brother, Robert, are listed just a few lines lower on the same page of the 1810 census. b 2 2 It’s difficult to ascertain who this married son or daughter might have been. ANTHONY and THOMAS and their families are enumerated separately in this census (on the same page). Their brother-in-law, Robert Ravenscraft, 2 2 husband of their sister NANCY , is also listed on the same page as THOMAS . This leaves the possibility that the 2 2 married child might be MARY “POLLY” (born ca 1783) with her husband __?__Myers or SAMUEL (born 1790) with his wife Elizabeth Stevenson (?).

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Free White Persons - Females - 26 thru 44: 1 [1776-94] married daughter or daughter-in-law Number of Persons - Engaged in Agriculture: 4 Free White Persons - Under 16: 5 Free White Persons - Over 25: 3 Total Free White Persons: 12 Total All Persons - White, Slaves, Colored, Other: 12

2 ANTHONY TRIMMER is listed in the U.S. censuses for Smith Twp. for the years 1820, as shown in 2 Figure 147, below. As the birthdates are known of only eight of ANTHONY and Jane (Manning) TRIMMER’s ten children who lived past infancy, it is difficult to determine who all of the children listed might be.

2 Figure 147: Census Detail for the ANTHONY TRIMMER Household from the 1820 U.S. Census, Smith Twp., Washington Co., Penn. 1117

Free White Persons - Males - Under 10: 1 [aft 1810] Anthony3 b 1814 Free White Persons - Males - 10 thru 15: 1 [1805-10] Unidentified? Free White Persons - Males - 16 thru 18: 1 [1802-4] Unidentified? Free White Persons - Males - 16 thru 25: 2 [1795-1804] John3 b 1800, Paul3 b 1799 2 Free White Persons - Males - 26 thru 44: 1 [1776-94] ANTHONY b 1781/2 Free White Persons - Females - Under 10: 2 [aft 1810] Elizabeth3 b 1817 Free White Persons - Females - 10 thru 15: 2 [1805-10] Unidentified? Free White Persons - Females - 16 thru 25: 1 [1795-1804] Unidentified? Free White Persons - Females - 26 thru 44: 1 [1776-94] Jane (Manning) b ? Number of Persons - Engaged in Agriculture: 4 Free White Persons - Under 16: 6 Free White Persons - Over 25: 2 Total Free White Persons: 11 Total All Persons - White, Slaves, Colored, Other: 11

2 a THOMAS TRIMMER is also listed in the 1820 U.S. census for Smith Twp., as shown in Figure 148, 2 below. There is no record of any daughters born to THOMAS and Agnes (Ravenscraft) TRIMMER after 1810, though three such young girls were enumerated in the household. Clearly the record in incomplete.

2 Figure 148: Census Detail for the THOMAS TRIMMER Household from the 1820 U.S. Census, Smith Twp., Washington Co., Penn. 1118

Free White Persons - Males - Under 10: 1 [aft 1810] Moses3 b 1810 Free White Persons - Males - 10 thru 15: 2 [1805-10] James Ravenscraft3 b 1808, Samuel3 b 1807 2 Free White Persons - Males - 26 thru 44: 1 [1776-94] THOMAS b 1786 Free White Persons - Females - Under 10: 3 [aft 1810] Unidentified?

a On the same page as his brother-in-law, Robert Ravenscraft.

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Free White Persons - Females - 26 thru 44: 1 [1776-94] Agnes (Ravenscraft) b ? Number of Persons - Engaged in Agriculture: 2 Free White Persons - Under 16: 6 Free White Persons - Over 25: 2 Total Free White Persons: 8 Total All Persons - White, Slaves, Colored, Other: 8

Paul1 TRIMMER died in 1825 in Smith Twp.

2 ANTHONY , probably with his second wife, Margaret (Hunt) (they married in 1824), appears in the 1830 U.S. census for Smith Twp., as shown in Figure 149, below. Most of the children in the household can be accounted for, except for the older girl (aged 15-19).

2 Figure 149: Census Detail for the ANTHONY TRIMMER Household from the 1830 U.S. Census, Smith Twp., Washington Co., Penn. 1119

Free White Persons - Males - 10 thru 14: 1 [1816-20] Anthony3 b 1814 2 Free White Persons - Males - 40 thru 49: 1 [1781-90] ANTHONY b 1781/2 Free White Persons - Females - Under 5: 2 [aft 1825] Margaret Ann3 b 1826, Catherine3 b 1825 Free White Persons - Females - 5 thru 9: 1 [1821-25] Sarah3 b 1820? Free White Persons - Females - 10 thru 14: 1 [1816-20] Elizabeth3 b 1817 Free White Persons - Females - 15 thru 19: 1 [1811-15] Unidentified? Free White Persons - Females - 30 thru 39: 1 [1791-1800] Margaret (Hunt) b 1804 Free White Persons - Under 20: 6 Free White Persons - 20 thru 49: 2 Total Free White Persons: 8 Total - All Persons (Free White, Slaves, Free Colored): 8

2 THOMAS did not appear in the 1830 census for anywhere in Penn.

2 Though he married ca 1811 (his first child was born in 1815), SAMUEL TRIMMER SR does not appear with his own household in the U.S. census until the 1830 census for Robinson Twp. as shown in Figure 150, below. We have no record of children born after 1828. The two elderly people in the household (in 2 1 their eighties) are a conundrum. While SAMUEL ’s father, PAUL , had died in 1825, perhaps these elderly people are his wife’s parents.

2 Figure 150: Census Detail for the SAMUEL TRIMMER SR Household from the 1830 U.S. Census, Robinson Twp., Washington Co., Penn. 1120

Free White Persons - Males - 5 thru 9: 1 [1831-35] Unidentified? Free White Persons - Males - 15 thru 19: 2 [1821-25] Samuel3 b 1823, Unidentified? 2 Free White Persons - Males - 40 thru 49: 1 [1791-1800] SAMUEL b 1790 Free White Persons - Males - 80 thru 89: 1 [1751-60] Unidentified? Free White Persons - Females - Under 5: 2 [aft 1835] Unidentified? Free White Persons - Females - 5 thru 9: 1 [1831-35] Unidentified?

180

Free White Persons - Females - 10 thru 14: 1 [1826-30] Mary3 b 1824 or Julia3 b 1828 Free White Persons - Females - 40 thru 49: 1 [1791-1800] Elizabeth (Stevenson) b ca 1786 Free White Persons - Females - 80 thru 89: 1 [1751-60] Unidentified? Free White Persons - Under 20: 7 Free White Persons - 20 thru 49: 2 Total Free White Persons: 11 Total - All Persons (Free White, Slaves, Free Colored): 11

2 The final census appearance of ANTHONY TRIMMER was in the 1840 U.S. census for Smith Twp., as shown in Figure 151, below. It appears that his second wife, Margaret (Hunt) TRIMMER, must have died between 1830 and 1840 as there is no older woman listed in the household.

2 Figure 151: Census Detail for the ANTHONY TRIMMER Household from the 1840 U.S. Census, Smith Twp., Washington Co., Penn. 1121

Free White Persons - Males - Under 5: 2 [aft 1835] Samuel3 b 1836, Unidentified? 2 Free White Persons - Males - 50 thru 59: 1 [1781-89] ANTHONY b 1781/2 Free White Persons - Females - 5 thru 9: 2 [1831-35] Unidentified?, Unidentified? Free White Persons - Females - 10 thru 14: 1 [1826-30] Margaret Ann3 b 1826?, Catherine3 b 1825? Free White Persons - Females - 20 thru 29: 1 [1811-20] Elizabeth3 b 1817, Sarah3 b 1820 Persons Employed in Agriculture: 1 Free White Persons - Under 20: 5 Free White Persons - 20 thru 49: 1 Total Free White Persons: 7 Total All Persons - Free White, Free Colored, Slaves: 7

2 1122 ANTHONY TRIMMER died in Smith Twp. in 1841.

2 Sometime before 1840 THOMAS TRIMMER moved just next door to Robinson Twp. where he is listed in 2 2 the 1840 U.S. census, as shown in Figure 152, below. THOMAS is listed next to his brother, SAMUEL 3 2 TRIMMER SR and his nephew, Samuel Trimmer Jr, THOMAS ’s first wife, Agnes (Ravenscraft) had died and he remarried in 1832 to Martha Perry. She must have been the oldest woman listed. None of the three younger women (aged 15-29) can be identified from the list of known children. As his daughter Nancy3 (born ca 1833) appears in the 1850 census, ten years later, it’s unclear why she doesn’t seem to fit into the 1840 census when she would have been three years old.

2 Figure 152: Census Detail for the THOMAS TRIMMER Household from the 1840 U.S. Census, Robinson Twp., Washington Co., Penn. 1123

Free White Persons - Males - 15 thru 19: 1 [1821-25] Thomas3 b 1823 2 Free White Persons - Males - 50 thru 59: 1 [1781-89] THOMAS b 1786

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Free White Persons - Females - 15 thru 19: 1 [1821-25] Unidentified? Free White Persons - Females - 20 thru 29: 2 [1811-20] Unidentified?, Unidentified? Free White Persons - Females - 60 thru 69: 1 [1771-1780] Martha (Perry) b ? Persons Employed in Agriculture: 1 Free White Persons - Under 20: 2 Free White Persons - 20 thru 49: 2 Total Free White Persons: 6 Total All Persons - Free White, Free Colored, Slaves: 6

2 SAMUEL TRIMMER SR appears again in Robinson Twp. in the 1840 U.S. census, next to his son 3 2 2 Samuel TRIMMER Jr and his brother THOMAS TRIMMER. SAMUEL ’s household in this census is 2 shown in Figure 153, below. The household seems to match that of SAMUEL TRIMMER SR fairly closely in terms of the ages of household members.

2 Figure 153: Census Detail for the SAMUEL TRIMMER Household from the 1840 U.S. Census, Robinson Twp., Washington Co., Penn. 1124

Free White Persons - Males - 5 thru 9: 1 [1831-35] Andrew3 b ca 1836 Free White Persons - Males - 15 thru 19: 1 [1821-25] Samuel3 b 1823 Free White Persons - Males - 20 thru 29: 2 [1811-20] Stevenson3 b 1815, Isaiah3 b 1816, or John3 b 1818 2 Free White Persons - Males - 50 thru 59: 1 [1781-89] SAMUEL b 1790 Free White Persons - Females - 10 thru 14: 1 [1826-30] Mary3 b 1826 or Julia3 b 1828 Free White Persons - Females - 15 thru 19: 2 [1821-25] Jane3 b 1824 and Unidentified? Free White Persons - Females - 20 thru 29: 1 [1811-20] Ruth C.3 b 1815 Free White Persons - Females - 30 thru 39: 1 [1801-10] Unidentified? Free White Persons - Females - 50 thru 59: 1 [1781-89] Elizabeth (Stevenson) b ca 1786 Persons Employed in Agriculture: 4 Free White Persons - Under 20: 5 Free White Persons - 20 thru 49: 4 Total Free White Persons: 11 Total All Persons - Free White, Free Colored, Slaves: 11

2 SAMUEL TRIMMER SR died in Robinson or Candor Twp., Washington Co. on 29 April 1849. His wife, Elizabeth (Stevenson) Trimmer appeared in the 1850 U.S. Census for Robinson Twp., as shown in Figure 154, below. Here, the names of the household members (seven of her children) are helpfully recorded.

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2 Figure 154: Census Detail for the THOMAS TRIMMER Household from the 1850 U.S. Census, Robinson Twp., Washington Co., Penn. 1125

Line Name Age Est. YOBa Sex Occupation POBb 25 TRIMMER, Elizabeth 64 [1786] F PA 26 " , Ruth 38 [1812] F PA 27 " , Isaiah 35 [1815] M Farmer PA 28 " , Samuel 27 [1823] M PA 29 " , Jane 16 [1824] F PA 30 " , Mary 24 [1826] F PA 31 " , Julia 22 [1828] F PA 32 " , Andrew 14 [1836] M PA

The date of death of Elizabeth (Stevenson) Trimmer is unknown, but she doesn’t appear in the U.S. censuses or Penn. Septennial censuses after 1850.

2 THOMAS TRIMMER’s last census appearance is in the 1850 U.S. census for Robinson Twp. with his son Thomas3 and daughter Nancy3 enumerated in his household.

2 Figure 155: Census Detail for the THOMAS TRIMMER Household from the 1850 U.S. Census, Robinson Twp., Washington Co., Penn. 1126

Line Name Age Est. YOBc Sex Occupation POBd 19 TRIMMER, Thomas 64 [1786] M Farmer PA 20 " , Thomas 27 [1823] M PA 21 " , Nancy 17 [1833] F PA

2 Bell [1994] records that THOMAS TRIMMER married for a third time, to Sarah Scott in 1854, as the age 2 of 68. The date of death of THOMAS TRIMMER is unknown, but he doesn’t appear in the U.S. censuses or Penn. Septennial censuses after 1850.

1 1 E.2 The children of ANTHONY II and SARAH (HOWARD) TRIMMER Move Westward Before 1810

1 2 ANTHONY II TRIMMER remained in N.Y. and eventually died there, but two of his sons, ISAIAH F. 2 TRIMMER and DAVID TRIMMER, eventually migrated westward, perhaps around the same time as the Armstrong and McLean sons in the 1830s-1850s.

a Estimated year of birth based on recorded age. b Place of birth c Estimated year of birth based on recorded age. d Place of birth

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2 Figure 156: Migrations of ISAIAH F. TRIMMER before 1840 to Ashtabula Co., Ohio and 2 1127 DAVID TRIMMER before 1855 to Kent Co., Michigan

2 DAVID – after 1830 Kent Co., Mich.

Benton Twp., N. Y.

2 ISAIAH F. – before 1840 Pierpont Twp., Ashtabula Co., Ohio

2 ISAIAH F. TRIMMER is last noted in Benton Twp. in the 1823 petition he signed with his father and two of his brothers. He next appears in the 1840 U.S. census for Pierpont Twp., Ashtabula Co., Ohio, shown a 2 in Figure 157, below. ISAIAH F. then appears in the 1850 and 1860 censuses for Pierpont Twp. (see Figures 158 and 159, below) and lived there until he died in 1866. Based on the ages of the household members in the 1840 census and those listed in the 1850 and 1860 censuses, it seems that his son and daughter, Leonard3 and Amy S.3 Trimmer, lived with him until he died. By the mid-1820s-1830s, there existed a road across central N.Y. to Buffalo and thence along the shore of Lake Erie and that would have passed through Pierpont Twp., making overland travel by wagon feasible for the family and its household goods, as well as livestock.

2 Figure 157: Census Detail for the ISAIAH F. TRIMMER Household from the 1840 U.S. Census, Pierpont Twp., Ashtabula Co., Ohio. 1128

Free White Persons - Males - 20 thru 29: 1 [1821-1830] Leonard3 b 1821 2 Free White Persons - Males - 50 thru 59: 1 [1781-1790] ISAIAH F. b ca 1784 Free White Persons - Females - 20 thru 29: 1 [1821-1830] Amy S.3 b 1821 Free White Persons - Females - 50 thru 59: 1 [1781-1790] Nancy J. (__?__) b 1780 Persons Employed in Agriculture: 2 Free White Persons - 20 thru 49: 2 Total Free White Persons: 4 Total All Persons - Free White, Free Colored, Slaves: 4

a 2 ISAIAH F. doesn’t appear in any 1830 U.S. censuses for either N.Y. or Ohio, making it difficult to determine when he might have moved to Ohio.

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2 3 3 ISAIAH F. TRIMMER and his children, Leonard and Amy S. Trimmer, appear again in Pierpont Twp. in the 1850 U.S. census.

2 Figure 158: Census Detail for the ISAIAH F. TRIMMER Household from the 1850 U.S. Census, Pierpont Twp., Ashtabula Co., Ohio. 1129

Line Name Age Est. YOBa Sex Occupation POBb Line 1 TRIMMER, Isaiah 66 [1794] M Chair Maker NY Line 2 " , Leonard 27 [1823] M Farmer NY Line 3 " , Amy 27 [1823] F NY Date: 28 Sept. 1850

2 3 3 Again, ISAIAH F. TRIMMER and his children, Leonard and Amy S. Trimmer, appear in Pierpont Twp. in the 1860 U.S. census. Both children are apparently still unmarried.

2 Figure 159: Census Detail for the ISAIAH F. TRIMMER Household from the 1860 U.S. Census, Pierpont Twp., Ashtabula Co., Ohio. 1130

Line Name Age Est. YOB Sex Occupation POB Line 3 TRIMMER, Isaiah 70 [1790] M Farmer $2000 $500 NY Line 4 " , Leonard 35 [1825] M Farmer NY Line 5 " , Amy 35 [1825] F House Work NY Date: 20 July 1860

3 2 Leonard Trimmer died in Pierpont in 1863. ISAIAH F. TRIMMER died in Pierpont Twp. in 1866. Amy S.3 Trimmer married Horace Mordoff. All four were buried at Evergreen Cemetery, Pierpont Twp.1131

2 Cleveland [1873:I:300] notes that DAVID “…moved to Kent Co., Michigan”, but no further evidence of 2 this move has been found or record of DAVID after he was listed in the 1830 U.S. census for Benton Twp. Thus, like all of the families that had started together in Fermanagh Twp. during the Revolutionary War, the Trimmers had continued the tradition of moving westward and new lands opened to settlement.

a Estimated year of birth based on recorded age. b Place of birth

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1 1 Figure 160: Spread of the Families of PAUL and Jane (McElwain) TRIMMER and ANTHONY 1 and SARAH (HOWARD) TRIMMER and Their Descendants from Fermanagh Twp. 1132

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a APPENDIX A: FOUR GENERATIONS OF THE ARMSTRONG FAMILY

(--?--) ARMSTRONG 1 ├── ROBERT ARMSTRONG, d. between 24 Jun 1783 and 21 Jan 1785 at Cumberland Co. (now Juniata Co.), PA 1 ├── ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG SR, b. before 1740 │ +Elizabeth E. (--?--), m. before 1753 2 │ ├── MARY ARMSTRONG, b. before 1753, d. before 1793 at Pennsylvania? 1 │ │ +EPENETUS HART, b. before 1753, m. before 1774, d. before Mar 1802 at Ontario Co., NY 1 2 │ │ ├── (The family of EPENETUS and MARY (ARMSTRONG) HART is discussed in the HART family section, below.) 2 │ ├── SARAH ARMSTRONG, b. 15 Jun 1753 at Cumberland Co., PA, d. 3 Sep 1841 at Yates Co., NY 1 │ │ +JOHN S. MCLEAN, b. 11 Jun 1748 at co. Antrim, m. 31 Aug 1779 at Cumberland Co. (now Juniata Co.), PA, d. 9 Aug 1841 at Yates Co., NY 1 2 │ │ ├── (The family of JOHN S. and SARAH (ARMSTRONG) MCLEAN is discussed in the McLEAN family section, below.) 2 │ ├── GEORGE ARMSTRONG, b. between 1755 and 1759 at Cumberland Co., PA, d. 18 May 1842 at Sandusky Co., OH │ │ +Elizabeth (--?--), b. circa 1756, m. before 1791 at Pennsylvania?, d. 17 Aug 1831 at Yates Co., NY │ │ ├── James3 Armstrong, b. 20 Apr 1791 at PA, d. 5 Feb 1867 at Hillsdale Co., MI │ │ │ +Mary Harris Sebring, b. 12 Oct 1789 at Somerset Co., NJ, m. 14 Mar 1817 at Ontario Co. (then), NY, d. 26 Nov 1874 at Hillsdale Co., MI │ │ │ ├── Sebring Armstrong │ │ │ ├── Amelia Armstrong │ │ │ ├── Charles Weller Armstrong │ │ │ ├── William H. Armstrong, b. 1818, d. 1902 at MI │ │ │ ├── David Wright Armstrong, b. 13 Mar 1819 at Yates Co., NY, d. 13 Jan 1894 at Washington Co., MN │ │ │ ├── Abraham Sebring Armstrong, b. 1822 at NY, d. 1879 at IN │ │ │ ├── Alexander Armstrong, b. 26 Jan 1822, d. 6 Jan 1902 at MN │ │ │ ├── Nancy Jane Armstrong, b. 14 Oct 1823 at Yates Co., NY, d. 7 May 1861 at Steuben Co., IN │ │ │ ├── James Harrison Armstrong, b. 1824, d. 1864 │ │ │ ├── Elizabeth Aurelia Armstrong, b. 1827, d. 1907 │ │ │ ├── Diana A. Armstrong, b. 20 Sep 1830, d. 14 Feb 1879 at MI │ │ │ └── John Armstrong, b. 28 Aug 1831, d. 14 Jan 1854 at Hillsdale Co., MI │ │ ├── Sarah3 Armstrong, b. circa 1794 at PA, d. 30 Mar 1883 at Warren Co., NY │ │ │ +Samuel Sherwood Chapman, b. between 15 Oct 1796 and 1797 at Fairfield Co., CT, m. 25 May 1824 │ │ │ ├── Eliza Ellen Chapman, b. 21 Dec 1825, d. 15 Sep 1844 │ │ │ ├── James Morgan Chapman, b. 10 Oct 1827 │ │ │ ├── George Barnum Chapman, b. 27 Aug 1829 │ │ │ └── Samuel Alexander Chapman, b. 26 Oct 1831, d. 31 Mar 1852 │ │ ├── John Edward3 Armstrong, b. 6 May 1796 at Franklin Co., PA, d. 28 Nov 1866 at Whiteside Co., IL

a All sources cited in the chronologies are identified in the text section on that family and individual. Names in red indicate a marriage with one of the other five families.

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│ │ │ +Sarah Chapman, b. 12 Nov 1792 at Fairfield Co., CT, m. 7 Oct 1818, d. 1823 │ │ │ ├── George W4. Armstrong, b. between 1818 and 1824, d. 1849 │ │ │ └── Sara C. 4 Armstrong, b. between 1818 and 1824, d. 1830 │ │ │ +Charlotte Gaylord, b. 7 Feb 1796 at Hartford Co., CT, m. 6 Oct 1824 at Ontario Co. (now Yates Co.), NY, d. 23 Apr 1856 at Marshall Co., IN │ │ │ ├── Augustus Gaylord4 Armstrong, b. 15 Aug 1825 at Yates Co. (now), NY, d. 9 May 1863 at Marshall Co., IN │ │ │ ├── Allison B. 4 Armstrong, b. 15 Aug 1825 at Yates Co. (now), NY, d. 15 May 1846 at Sandusky Co., OH │ │ │ ├── James Monroe4 Armstrong, b. 2 Jun 1827 at NY, d. 1907 │ │ │ ├── Sarah Adelia4 Armstrong, b. 17 Jul 1829 at Yates Co. (now), NY, d. 26 Nov 1915 at Pierce Co., WA │ │ │ ├── Amelia Mandfield4 Armstrong, b. 13 Jan 1831 at Yates Co. (now), NY, d. May 1857 at Lucas Co., OH │ │ │ ├── Lydia Charlotte4 Armstrong, b. 27 Apr 1833 at Yates Co. (now), NY, d. 22 Sep 1881 at Marshall Co., IN │ │ │ ├── John Gaylord4 Armstrong, b. Nov 1835 at Sandusky Co., OH, d. 1 May 1915 at Jefferson Co., KS │ │ │ └── Mary Elizabeth4 Armstrong, b. 5 Apr 1838 at Sandusky Co., OH, d. 9 Jun 1915 at Pierce Co., WA │ │ └── Alexander3 Armstrong, b. 1798, d. 1820 at Yates Co., NY 2 │ ├── JAMES ARMSTRONG, b. before 1757 │ │ +Eleanor Pollock, m. 24 May 1788 at Cumberland Co., PA 2 2 │ ├── ROBERT ARMSTRONG, b. after 1762 at PA, d. after 1783 [Same person as ALEXANDER ?] 2 │ └── ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG JR, b. 16 Mar 1763 at Greene Co., PA, d. 9 Mar 1857 at Washtenaw Co., MI │ +Margaret (--?--) │ +Mary Murray, m. 1 Mar 1781 at Perry Co., PA, d. before 1816 │ ├── John D. 4 Armstrong, b. circa 1798 at Ontario Co. (then), NY, d. 3 Aug 1864 at Washtenaw Co., MI │ │ +Elvira Grover, b. 1806 at NY, m. between 1825 and 1829 at NY, d. 13 Dec 1882 at Washtenaw Co., MI │ │ ├── Martha4 Armstrong, b. between 1826 and 1830, d. 1842 at Washtenaw Co., MI │ │ ├── Sarah4 Armstrong, b. circa 1832 at Washtenaw Co., NY │ │ ├── Leander4 Armstrong, b. circa 1834 at Washtenaw Co., NY │ │ ├── Emily4 Armstrong, b. circa 20 Sep 1835 at Washtenaw Co., MI, d. 20 May 1846 at Washtenaw Co., MI │ │ ├── Jeannette4 Armstrong, b. circa 1838 at Washtenaw Co., NY │ │ ├── Mary C. 4 Armstrong, b. circa 1843 at Washtenaw Co., NY │ │ ├── Emily4 Armstrong, b. circa 1848 at Washtenaw Co., NY │ │ ├── James A. 4 Armstrong, b. circa 1850 at Washtenaw Co., MI │ │ └── Agnes4 Armstrong, b. circa Jan 1850 at Washtenaw Co., NY, d. 10 Jan 1932 at Shiawassee Co., MI │ └── James W.3 Armstrong, b. circa 1801 at NY │ +Grissel Chapman, b. 20 May 1788 at Fairfield Co., CT, m. 21 Apr 1816, d. 1871 at Washtenaw Co., MI │ ├── George S.3 Armstrong, b. 21 Feb 1817 at Ontario Co., NY, d. 28 Oct 1866 at Washtenaw Co., MI │ │ +Mary E. Dodge, b. 20 Sep 1839 at NY, m. circa 1854, d. 28 Oct 1895 at Washtenaw Co., MI │ │ ├── Frank C. 4 Armstrong, b. circa 1855 at NY │ │ ├── Clara D. 4 Armstrong, b. circa 1858 at NY

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│ │ ├── Emma J. 4 Armstrong, b. circa 1861 at MI │ │ └── George4 Armstrong, b. circa 1866 at MI │ ├── Elizabeth Millicent3 Armstrong, b. 2 Apr 1819 at Ontario Co., NY, d. 12 Aug 1902 at Millard Co., UT │ │ +Hyrum/Hiram Mace, b. 5 May 1811 at Cayuga Co., NY, m. 9 Apr 1837 at Washtenaw Co., MI, d. 28 Aug 1896 at Millard Co., UT │ │ ├── Lamira Mace, b. circa 1841 at MI │ │ ├── Elizabeth Aramilta Mace, b. circa 1847 at Nebraska Territory │ │ ├── Margetta/Mariette Mace, b. between 1848 and 1849 at IA │ │ ├── Hyrum Mace, b. circa 1851 at Utah Territory │ │ ├── Emily Mace, b. circa 1853 at Utah Territory │ │ ├── Henry Mace, b. circa 1856 at Utah Territory │ │ ├── Edwin Mace, b. circa 1858 at Utah Territory │ │ ├── Celestia Mace, b. circa 1861 at UT │ │ └── Charles A. Mace, b. circa 1864 at UT │ ├── Hezekiah R. 3 Armstrong, b. 5 May 1822 at Ontario Co., NY, d. 24 Aug 1849 at Washtenaw Co., MI │ ├── Emily Jane3 Armstrong, b. 22 Mar 1828 at Ontario Co., NY, d. 8 Jul 1898 at Ionia Co., MI │ │ +Matthew M. Armstrong, b. 1818 at NY, m. 22 Jan 1850 at Washtenaw Co., MI, d. 1859 at Ionia Co., MI │ │ +George Wurster, b. 1837, m. 5 Jul 1862 at Washtenaw Co., MI, d. 3 Jul 1910 at Ionia Co., MI │ └── Alexander J. 3 Armstrong, b. 28 Mar 1830 at Ontario Co., NY, d. 19 Mar 1873 at Boone Co., MO │ +Catherine E. Turck, b. 14 Jun 1833 at Ontario Co., NY, m. before 1857, d. 21 Feb 1880 at Ontario Co., NY │ ├── Marian Cornelia4 Armstrong, b. Mar 1857 at Washtenaw Co., MI, d. 1923 at Ontario Co., NY │ └── Lewis E. 4 Armstrong, b. circa 1858 at MI 1 ├── GEORGE ARMSTRONG, b. before 1741, d. between 5 Mar 1791 and 1 Feb 1798 2 │ ├── SARAH ARMSTRONG, b. before 1762, d. after 24 Jun 1783 │ │ +(--?--) Gordon │ │ ├── Elizabeth Gordon │ │ ├── Margaret Gordon, b. before 1791 │ │ ├── George Gordon, b. before 1791 │ │ ├── William Gordon, b. before 1791 │ │ ├── John Gordon, b. before 1791 │ │ └── Alexander Gordon, b. before 1791 2 │ └── ANNE ARMSTRONG, b. before 24 Jun 1762, d. after 24 Jun 1783 │ +David Harkness │ ├── Margaret Harkness, b. before 1791 │ └── Mary Harkness, b. before 1791 1 ├── SARAH ARMSTRONG, b. before 1765 │ +John Pauly 1 └── ELIZABETH ARMSTRONG, b. circa 1765, d. 17 Sep 1810 at Yates Co., NY 1 +THOMAS HOWARD, b. between 15 Nov 1758 and 1759, m. 17 Mar 1783 at Cumberland Co. (then), PA, d. 25 May 1825 at Wood Co., OH 1 1 │ │ ├── (The family of THOMAS and ELIZABETH (ARMSTRONG) HOWARD is discussed in the HOWARD family section, below.)

189

a APPENDIX B: FOUR GENERATIONS OF THE HART FAMILY

1 EPENETUS HART, b. before 1753, d. before Mar 1802 at Ontario Co., NY 2 +MARY ARMSTRONG, b. before 1753, m. before 1774, d. before 1793 at Pennsylvania? 2 ├── ELIZABETH "BETSY" HART, d. 3 Dec 1817 at Ontario Co., NY │ +John Griffin, b. 1774 at Litchfield Co., CT, m. 1795 at Ontario Co., NY, d. 9 Feb 1846 at Allegany Co., NY │ ├── Epenetus H. Griffin, b. 1799 at NY, d. 1872 at McHenry Co., IL │ │ +Eunice (--?--), b. 1811 at NY, m. 1834 at NY, d. 1872 at McHenry Co., IL │ │ ├── Richard N. Griffin, b. May 1835 at NY │ │ ├── Lois Griffin, b. circa 1837 at NY │ │ │ +James Miraten, b. circa 1830 at NY, m. circa 1856 at IL │ │ └── Louisa Griffin, b. 1842 at NY, d. 1884 at McHenry Co., IL │ ├── Henry A. Griffin, b. before 1800 at Ontario Co. (now Yates Co.), NY │ └── Unknown Griffin, b. before 1800 at Ontario Co. (now Yates Co.), NY 2 ├── ARMSTRONG HART, b. between 1774 and 1777 at Juniata Co., PA, d. 24 Dec 1829 at Franklin Co., MO │ +Susan Riggs, b. circa 1778 at PA, m. circa 1798 at Yates Co., NY, d. circa 1822 at Ontario Co., NY │ ├── Emma3 (Emmy) Hart, b. 1799 at Ontario Co., NY, d. after 1829 │ ├── Susan Ann3 Hart, b. 1801 at Ontario Co., NY, d. 29 Nov 1851 │ ├── Mary/Mariah3 Hart, b. 22 Jan 1804 at Yates Co. (then Ontario Co.), NY, d. 9 Mar 1897 at Cook Co., IL │ │ +William II Shattuck Sr, b. 26 Dec 1784 at Windham Co., VT, m. 1823, d. 14 Mar 1871 at Cattaraugus Co., NY │ │ ├── Sophia Shattuck, b. 19 Nov 1823, d. 19 Jul 1867 at Warren Co., PA │ │ │ +James Roy, b. 14 Sep 1822 at Ontario Co., NY, m. 10 Sep 1851, d. 1912 at Warren Co., PA │ │ │ ├── Helen Roy, b. circa 1853 at PA │ │ │ ├── Margaret Roy, b. circa 1856 at PA │ │ │ ├── Frances Roy, b. circa 1858 at Warren Co., PA │ │ │ ├── James Roy, b. circa Apr 1860 at Warren Co., PA │ │ │ ├── John Roy, b. circa 1862 at Warren Co., PA │ │ │ ├── Blanch Roy, b. circa 1864 at Warren Co., PA │ │ │ └── Adella Roy, b. circa 1865 at Warren Co., PA │ │ ├── John Shattuck, b. circa 15 Dec 1825, d. 7 Oct 1845 │ │ ├── Susan Shattuck, b. 15 Jan 1828 │ │ ├── Lydia E. Shattuck, b. 7 Feb 1830 │ │ │ +Archibald McKollor, m. 17 Jun 1852 │ │ ├── Ann M. Shattuck, b. 21 Apr 1832 │ │ ├── Ellen Shattuck, b. 9 Sep 1834 at PA │ │ ├── Philinda Shattuck, b. 28 Aug 1836 at PA, d. 1907 │ │ │ +(--?--) Strong │ │ ├── Emma H. Shattuck, b. 26 Feb 1842 at PA │ │ ├── Clarissa "Clarey" D. Shattuck, b. 15 Dec 1846 at Cattaraugus Co., NY │ │ └── William III Shattuck Jr, b. 5 Jul 1850 at Cattaraugus Co., NY, d. 5 Aug 1888 │ │ +Emma V. (--?--), b. circa 1851, d. 23 Apr 1891 │ └── Elizabeth3 "Eliza" Hart, b. circa 30 Dec 1805 at Ontario Co., NY, d. 12 Aug 1900 at Yates Co., NY

aa All sources cited in the chronologies are identified in the text section on that family and individual. Names in red indicate a marriage with one of the other five families.

190

│ +Dr. James Abraham Heermans, b. 1799 at Dutchess Co., NY, m. 9 Feb 1825 at NY, d. 1863 at Yates Co., NY │ ├── Cornelia M. Heermans, b. circa 1826 at NY │ ├── Emma S. Heermans, b. circa 1830 at NY, d. 30 Jan 1862 at NY │ │ +William Delos Squier, m. before 1857 │ │ ├── Eliza W. Squier, b. circa 1857 at NY │ │ └── William D. Squier, b. circa Mar 1860 at NY │ ├── Edwin J. Heermans, b. 20 Dec 1832 at Yates Co., NY, d. 7 Nov 1896 at Yates Co., NY │ │ +Adelia S. (--?--) Wyman │ │ ├── Carrie A. Heermans │ │ ├── Mary A. Heermans │ │ └── Harriet M. Heermans │ ├── Charles E. Heermans, b. 26 Mar 1836 at Yates Co., NY, d. 25 Apr 1913 at Ontario Co., NY │ │ +Amelia Arnold │ │ ├── Emma A. Heermans │ │ └── Edwin J. Heermans │ ├── Henry C. Heermans, b. between 1838 and 1839 at NY │ │ +Mary L. Stark │ │ └── Helen S. Heermans │ ├── Catherine Eliza "Kate" Heermans, b. 15 Dec 1840 at NY, d. 10 Jun 1914 at Yates Co., NY │ │ +George Rathbun Cornwell, b. 24 Feb 1836 at Yates Co., NY, d. 4 Oct 1924 at Yates Co., NY │ ├── William Stuart Hart Heermans Sr, b. 12 May 1843 at NY, d. 7 Apr 1922 at Bradford Co., PA │ │ +Ella Cramer (--?--), b. circa 1849 at NJ, m. before 1871, d. before 1893 at Ontario Co., NY │ │ ├── Emma B. Heermans, b. circa 1871 at NY │ │ ├── Jessie H. Heermans, b. circa 1873 at NY │ │ ├── James Heermans, b. circa 1876 at NY │ │ ├── Guy M. W. Hermans, b. Feb 1883 at NY, d. before 1896 │ │ ├── William S. H. Hermans Jr, b. Nov 1884 at NY │ │ └── Mary E. Hermans, b. Mar 1886 at NY │ │ +Mary Irene Watkins, b. May 1861 at PA, m. circa 1893 │ │ └── Guy W. M. Hermans, b. circa 1896 at NY │ └── Mary Ella Heermans, b. circa 1845 at NY, d. 8 Sep 1859 at Yates Co., NY │ +Nancy Todd, b. circa 1790 at Rowan Co., NC, m. between 1822 and 1823 at MO, d. after 28 Jun 1870 │ ├── Albert Gallatin3 Hart, b. 28 Mar 1824 at Franklin Co., MO, d. 17 Aug 1884 at Johnson Co., MO │ │ +Catherine McKeehan, b. 28 Sep 1825 at TN, m. 25 May 1848 at Franklin Co., MO, d. 25 Jul 1884 at Johnson Co., MO │ │ ├── Samuel A.4 Hart, b. 10 Mar 1849 at Franklin Co., MO │ │ ├── Nancy A. 4 Hart, b. circa 1851 at MO │ │ ├── Mariah/Maria J. 4 Hart, b. 27 Jun 1853 at Franklin Co., MO, d. 3 Sep 1947 at Kern Co., CA │ │ │ +Sylvester Clark Smith, b. 26 Aug 1858 at Henry Co., IA, m. 1882, d. 26 Jan 1913 at Kern Co., CA │ │ ├── Alice4 Hart, b. circa 1855 at MO │ │ ├── Orilla Alice4 Hart, b. 5 Jan 1856 at Johnson Co., MO, d. 13 Dec 1938 at Kern Co., CA │ │ │ +Frank Warren Hickox, b. 13 Jul 1859 at Winnebago Co., IL, m. 1882, d. 19 Jul 1940 at Kern Co., CA │ │ ├── John J. 4 Hart, b. circa 1858 at MO │ │ ├── Jesse L4. Hart, b. 17 Sep 1859 at Johnson Co., MO, d. 30 Nov 1934 at Johnson Co., MO │ │ ├── Francis4 Hart, b. circa 1865 at MO │ │ └── Eugene4 Hart, b. Dec 1869 at Johnson Co., MO

191

│ ├── Epenetus B. 3 Hart, b. 1826 at Franklin Co., MO, d. 1 Jan 1895 at Henry Co., MO │ │ +Prudence Allison Todd, b. 19 May 1833 at Franklin Co., MO, m. 22 Mar 1848 at Franklin Co., MO, d. 3 May 1908 at Henry Co., MO │ │ ├── Julius E.4 (T.) Hart, b. 8 Apr 1851 at Franklin Co., MO, d. 7 Jan 1889 at MT │ │ │ +Emma C. Bramel, b. 28 Feb 1852 at Franklin Co., MO, m. before 1876, d. 19 Dec 1876 at Franklin Co., MO │ │ │ └── Clara Mae5 Hart, b. 23 Oct 1876 at Franklin Co., MO, d. 2 Aug 1957 at Henry Co., MO │ │ ├── Edward Everett Hart, b. 1853 at Franklin Co., MO, d. 1914 at Henry Co., MO │ │ │ +Sarah Isabelle Burch, b. between 1856 and 1857 at MO, m. at MO, d. 9 Jul 1920 at Henry Co., MO │ │ │ ├── Everett Burch5 Hart │ │ │ ├── Mary Elizabeth5 Hart │ │ │ ├── Dottie Stafford5 Hart │ │ │ ├── Frank Earl5 Hart, b. circa 1879 │ │ │ └── Charles5 “Bud” Hart, b. circa 1891 at MO │ │ ├── Charles Theodore4 “Todd” Hart, b. Sep 1855 at MO, d. 1931 at Garvin Co., OK │ │ │ +Martha Ann Crow, b. 20 Feb 1862 at MO, m. 23 Oct 1883 at Callaway Co., MO, d. 23 Dec 1940 at Garvin Co., OK │ │ │ ├── Rawley (Rawleigh) Epenetus5 Hart, b. 16 Aug 1884 at Callaway Co., MO, d. 15 Jun 1970 at Garvin Co., OK │ │ │ ├── Todd Lee5 Hart, b. 15 Feb 1886 at MO │ │ │ ├── Susan Alice5 Hart, b. Sep 1888 at MO, d. 1904 at McClain Co., OK │ │ │ ├── Martha Elizabeth5 "Lizzie" Hart, b. 27 Feb 1890 at Cole Co., MO, d. 17 Feb 1963 at Garvin Co., OK │ │ │ ├── Frances Cleveland5 Hart, b. 25 Sep 1891 at Henry Co., MO, d. 9 Jul 1975 at Garvin Co., OK │ │ │ ├── Sarah Ann5 Hart, b. 8 Mar 1893 at Henry Co., MO, d. 11 Oct 1982 at Garvin Co., OK │ │ │ ├── Hattie O. 5 Hart, b. 25 Dec 1894 at Henry Co., MO, d. 8 Jun 1984 at Garvin Co., OK │ │ │ ├── George Washington5 Hart, b. 22 Feb 1898 at AR, d. 23 Mar 1987 at Forrest Co., MS │ │ │ ├── Thomas "Tom" Edwards5 Hart, b. 1 Feb 1900 at Lonoke Co., AR, d. 7 Jun 1989 at Wise Co., TX │ │ │ └── Joseph Theodore5 "Ted" Hart, b. 8 Oct 1901 at AR, d. 24 Aug 1951 at Limestone Co., TX │ │ ├── Henry H.4 Hart, b. circa 1859 at Franklin Co., MO │ │ ├── Anna Elizabeth4 Hart, b. 5 Jan 1862 at Franklin Co., MO, d. 9 Sep 1916 at Henry Co., MO │ │ │ +Joshua Clark Davis, b. 26 Jan 1856 at Warren Co., MO, m. 5 Feb 1879 at Franklin Co., MO, d. 7 Feb 1943 at Henry Co., MO │ │ │ └── Esther Davis, b. circa 1892 │ │ └── Cora Lee4 Hart, b. 14 Sep 1866 at Franklin Co., MO, d. 2 May 1952 at Boone Co., MO │ │ +Watson Hart, b. 18 Aug 1858 at PA, m. 10 Sep 1897 at Henry Co., MO, d. 18 Jun 1927 at Henry Co., MO │ │ ├── Clara M. Hart, b. Oct 1871 │ │ └── Dorothy C. Hart, b. 18 Nov 1903 at Henry Co., MO │ └── Joseph Todd3 Hart, b. 27 Jul 1829 at Franklin Co., MO, d. 31 May 1913 at Henry Co., MO │ +Margaret A.\Orilla\Rilla Todd, b. 30 Dec 1834 at Franklin Co., MO, m. 17 Mar 1852 at Franklin Co., MO, d. 25 Mar 1914 at Henry Co., MO │ ├── Francis M. 4 "Frank" Hart, b. 9 Sep 1856 at Franklin Co., MO, d. 5 Oct 1935 at Henry Co., MO │ │ +Caroline L. 4 "Callie" Payton, b. 30 Mar 1868 at MO, m. 1 Aug 1893 at Henry Co., MO, d. 13 May 1953 at Vernon Co., MO │ └── John Edwin4 Hart, b. 7 May 1859 at Franklin Co., MO, d. 3 Feb 1939 at Nemaha Co., KS

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│ +Lou Ella Payner, b. 8 Mar 1863 at Henry Co., MO, m. 23 May 1885 at Henry Co., MO, d. 14 Dec 1944 at Nemaha Co., KS │ └── Eugene F. 4 Hart, b. Oct 1886 at MO 2 ├── AMY HART, b. 7 Jan 1779 at PA, d. 13 Dec 1862 at Yates Co., NY │ +Richard Montgomery Williams, b. 17 Mar 1776 at Long Island Co., NY, m. 1795 at Ontario Co., NY, d. 4 Jun 1837 at Ontario Co., NY │ ├── Eliza Williams, b. 1805 at Yates Co., NY │ │ +Britton M. Williams, b. at Orange Co., NY, d. between 1869 and 1873 at Yates Co., NY │ │ ├── Emma H. Williams │ │ │ +Martin B. Lewis │ │ └── Margaret E. Williams, b. at NY, d. at WI │ │ +Rev. Edwin Rice │ │ └── Edwin W. Rice │ ├── Richard H. Williams, b. 3 Aug 1807 at Cayuga Co., NY, d. 19 May 1893 at Yates Co., NY │ │ +Phebe Ryder, b. at NY, m. 23 Oct 1834 at NY │ │ ├── Henry M. Williams │ │ ├── Edward E. Williams │ │ ├── Helen L. Williams │ │ ├── Margaret B. Williams │ │ └── Sarah E. Williams, b. circa 1841 at NY, d. 1861 │ ├── Mary H. I Williams, b. 6 Aug 1809, d. 16 Mar 1813 at Yates Co., NY │ ├── Susan P. Williams, b. 15 Mar 1812 at NY, d. 3 Jun 1888 at Yates Co., NY │ │ +Henry Husted, b. 22 Apr 1797 at Dutchess Co., NY, d. 17 Jul 1873 at Yates Co., NY │ │ ├── Cornelius Husted │ │ ├── Emma C. Husted │ │ ├── Sarah S. Husted │ │ ├── Isabella S. Husted │ │ ├── Charlotte L. Husted, b. 30 Dec 1834 at Yates Co., NY, d. 30 Aug 1837 at Yates Co., NY │ │ ├── Mary E. Husted, b. 12 Feb 1837 at Yates Co., NY, d. 29 Jul 1909 at Yates Co., NY │ │ └── Clara A Husted, b. 23 Aug 1843 at Yates Co., NY, d. 20 Apr 1865 at Yates Co., NY │ └── Mary H. II Williams, b. 20 May 1814 at (then) Ontario Co. (now Yates Co.), NY, d. 8 Oct 1856 at Yates Co., NY 2 ├── THOMAS HART, b. between 1780 and 1784 at Cumberland Co. (now Juniata Co.), PA 2 ├── JONATHAN HART, b. 1784 at Cumberland Co. (now Juniata Co.), PA, d. 5 Nov 1816 at Ontario Co., NY │ +Susan (--?--), b. 1787, d. 29 Nov 1851 at Ontario Co., NY ├── MARY/MARIA HART, b. 24 Jan 1787 at Mifflin Co., PA, d. 4 Jul 1822 at Yates Co., NY │ +William II Shattuck Sr, b. 26 Dec 1784 at Windham Co., VT, m. 1815, d. 14 Mar 1871 at Cattaraugus Co., NY │ ├── Emma Elizabeth Shattuck, b. 6 Oct 1816 at Ontario Co. (now Yates Co.), NY, d. 16 Oct 1818 at Ontario Co. (now Yates Co.), NY │ ├── Aurilia Shattuck, b. 2 Aug 1818 at Seneca Co., NY │ │ +John Israel, m. 1833 │ │ ├── Jane Israel │ │ ├── Maria Israel │ │ └── Isabel Israel │ └── Mary E. Shattuck, b. 28 Apr 1821 at (now) Yates Co., NY, d. 10 Nov 1843 at Cattaraugus Co., NY │ +Addison Crowley, m. 1839 │ ├── Ella Crowley │ └── Melvin Crowley

193

2 ├── EPENETUS HART JR, b. before 1790 2 ├── UNKNOWN HART, b. before 1790 at PA 2 └── UNKNOWN HART, b. before 1790 at PA

194

a APPENDIX C: FOUR GENERATIONS OF THE HOWARD FAMILY

1 THOMAS HOWARD, b. between 15 Nov 1758 and 1759, d. 25 May 1825 at Wood Co., OH 4 +ELIZABETH ARMSTRONG, b. circa 1765, d. 17 Sep 1810 at Yates Co., NY 2 ├── WILLIAM HOWARD, b. 25 Dec 1782 at Cumberland Co. (now Juniata Co.), PA, d. 3 Jun 1833 at Wood Co., OH │ +Elizabeth Polly Patterson, b. 1788, m. before 1815, d. before 1819 at Ontario Co. (now Yates Co.), NY │ ├── Sidney3 Howard │ │ +William Pratt, b. 1801 at MA, m. 12 Jun 1824 at Wood Co., OH, d. 6 Nov 1868 at Wood County, OH │ │ ├── Hamilton R. Pratt, b. circa 1831 at OH │ │ │ +Lura (--?--) │ │ │ └── Emma Pratt │ │ └── Foster H. Pratt, b. circa 1834 at OH │ │ +Almira (--?--) │ │ └── Harriet Pratt │ ├── Charlotte P. 3 Howard, b. 1815, d. 10 Nov 1891 at Wood Co., OH │ │ +William Pratt, b. 1801 at MA, m. 18 Oct 1836 at Wood Co., OH, d. 6 Nov 1868 at Wood County, OH │ │ ├── Jenett Pratt, b. circa 1838 at OH │ │ └── Alice Pratt, b. between 1844 and 1845 at OH │ └── Edwin/Edward Ruthven Howard, b. 1816 at Ontario Co. (now Yates Co.), NY, d. 1843 at Wood Co., OH │ +Elizabeth McKee, b. circa 1821 at PA, m. 2 Jul 1840 at Wood County, OH, d. after 1880 at OH │ └── Louisa Sydney Howard, b. 6 Sep 1842 at Wood Co., OH, d. 14 Aug 1878 at Wood Co., OH │ +William Henry Pugh, b. 12 Oct 1836 at Wood Co., OH, m. 12 May 1863 at Wood Co., OH, d. 19 Mar 1917 at Wood Co., OH │ ├── Thomas J. Pugh │ ├── Newbery H. Pugh, b. 8 Sep 1864 at Wood Co., OH, d. Feb 1868 at Wood Co., OH │ └── John Edward Pugh, b. 6 Dec 1866 at Wood Co., OH, d. 19 Sep 1958 at Lucas Co., OH │ +Hannah Haight, b. 1788 at NY, m. 15 Jun 1819 at Ontario Co. (now Yates Co.), NY, d. 11 Jan 1856 at LaSalle Co., IL │ ├── James Montgomery3 Howard Sr, b. 10 Jul 1822 at Yates Co., NY, d. 25 Dec 1887 at LaSalle Co., IL │ │ +Susan E. Blaker, b. 1831 at PA, m. 1848 at Lucas Co., OH, d. 7 Sep 1884 at LaSalle Co., IL │ │ ├── Lewis G.4 Howard, b. circa 1849 at OH, d. 1876 at Wood Co., OH │ │ ├── George W. 4 Howard, b. 19 Jun 1852 at MI, d. 4 Sep 1891 at LaSalle Co., IL │ │ │ +Della Brown, m. before 1886 │ │ ├── James Montgomery4 Howard Jr, b. circa 1858 at IL │ │ ├── Robert J. 4 Howard, b. circa 1864 at IL │ │ └── Walter E. 4 Howard, b. circa 1865 at IL │ └── Ann Janette3 Howard, b. before 1835 │ +James B. Pratt, m. 3 Aug 1845 at Wood Co., OH 2 ├── SARAH HOWARD, b. before 1783 at PA 2 ├── ALEXANDER HOWARD, b. 24 Dec 1785 at PA, d. 23 Oct 1849 at Stephenson Co., IL │ +Elizabeth "Betsy" Hobart, b. 1786, m. before 1808, d. 22 Sep 1845 at Scott Co., IL

a All sources cited in the chronologies are identified in the text section on that family and individual. Names in red indicate a marriage with one of the other five families.

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│ ├── Calista Caroline Celia3 Howard, b. 30 Oct 1808, d. 1 Mar 1838 at Fulton Co., OH │ │ +Valentine Winslow Sr, b. 31 Mar 1804 at Lewis Co., NY, m. 16 Nov 1824 at Wood Co., OH, d. 19 Mar 1857 at Fulton Co., OH │ ├── Alexander P. 3 Howard Jr, b. circa 1810 at NY │ │ +Rebecca Draper, b. circa 1816, m. 11 Sep 1834 at Wood Co., OH │ ├── John Howard, b. 1811 │ ├── Mary Howard, b. circa 1814 │ ├── Elizabeth Howard, b. circa 1816 │ └── David Alexander Hobart Howard, b. 12 Mar 1818 at Ontario Co. (now Yates Co.), NY, d. Oct 1903 at Montgomery Co., KS │ +Mary Ann Brown, b. 10 Apr 1820 at PA, m. 1840 at Wood Co., OH, d. Mar 1901 │ ├── Selestia4 Howard, b. circa 1840 at OH │ ├── John4 Howard, b. circa 1843 at IL │ ├── Franklin4 Howard, b. circa 1845 at IL │ ├── Alice4 Howard, b. circa 1847 at IL │ ├── Robert Alexander4 Howard, b. circa 1853 at WI │ │ +Earness (--?--), b. Dec 1854 at AR, m. circa 1869 │ │ ├── Robert5 Howard, b. Apr 1882 at TX │ │ └── Gertrude5 Howard, b. Nov 1887 at KS │ ├── Curtis4 Howard, b. circa 1856 at MN │ │ +May (--?--), b. circa 1861 at AR, m. before Jun 1880 │ └── Cinderella M. 4 Howard, b. 18 Jul 1856 at MN, d. 12 Sep 1881 at Montgomery Co., KS │ +Mario Roe Lakin, m. circa 1877 at Montgomery Co., KS 2 ├── EDWARD HOWARD, b. 10 Nov 1787 at Cumberland Co. (now Juniata Co.), PA, d. 2 Feb 1841 at Wood Co., OH │ +Nancy Haight, b. between 1797 and 1798, m. 31 Dec 1816 at Ontario Co. (now Yates Co.), NY, d. 25 Sep 1881 at Wood Co., OH │ ├── James "Pike" Monroe3 Howard, b. 27 Aug 1799 at Ontario Co. (now Yates Co.), NY, d. 28 Jul 1841 at Morrow Co., OH │ │ +Esther Rees, b. 24 Mar 1801, m. before Oct 1821, d. 21 Feb 1879 │ │ ├── David R. 4 Howard, b. 9 Oct 1821, d. 7 Apr 1871 at Morrow Co., OH │ │ └── Maria4 Howard, b. 15 Jul 1837 at Morrow Co., OH, d. 10 Jul 1873 at Morrow Co., OH │ ├── Dresden Winfield Huston3 Howard, b. 3 Nov 1817 at Yates Co., NY, d. 9 Nov 1897 at Fulton Co., OH │ │ +Mary Blackwood Copeland, b. 4 May 1824 at Seneca Co., NY, m. Nov 1842 at OH, d. 30 Jan 1915 at Fulton Co., OH │ │ ├── Osceola E. M. 4 Howard, b. 1844 │ │ │ +Emma J. Rice, b. 1853, m. 1873 │ │ └── M. Agnes4 Howard, b. 17 Feb 1861 at Lucas Co., OH, d. 1956 at Fulton Co., OH │ │ +William Byron McClarren, b. 15 Aug 1862 at Fulton Co., OH, m. 27 Apr 1893, d. 1935 at Fulton Co., OH │ │ ├── Mary McClarren, b. at Fulton Co., OH │ │ └── Bruce Kenneth McClarren, b. 30 Sep 1904 at Fulton Co., OH │ └── Ann Janette Howard, b. 6 Sep 1829 at Morrow Co., OH, d. 4 Sep 1917 at Lucas Co., OH │ +George Laskey Jr, b. 23 Aug 1824 at Devonshire, m. 1 Jan 1848 at Wood Co., OH, d. 12 Aug 1899 at Lucas Co., OH │ ├── Marian Laskey, b. at Wood Co., OH │ └── Gertrude Laskey, b. 1867 │ +Lacey Y. Williams, b. 1865, m. 1889 2 ├── ELIZABETH HOWARD, b. 1789 at PA, d. 1790 at PA 2 ├── SYDNEY/SIDNEY I HOWARD, b. 1791, d. 1794

196

2 ├── JAMES MARTIN HOWARD, b. 1793 at Cumberland Co. (now Juniata Co.), PA, d. 1794 at Ontario Co., NY 2 ├── SYDNEY II HOWARD, b. 5 Nov 1795 at Ontario Co., NY, d. 16 Feb 1885 at LaSalle Co., IL │ +Joshua Nelson, b. 11 Dec 1790 at Dutchess Co., NY, m. 2 Jan 1817 at NY, d. 1837 at Matagorda County, TX │ └── Governor Howard Nelson, b. after 1802 │ +Benjamin Davison, b. 4 Feb 1792 at Berkshire Co., MA, m. 9 Dec 1834 at Wood Co., OH, d. 29 Jan 1854 at Allen Co., OH │ └── George K. Davison, b. circa 1836 at Allen Co., OH │ +Harriet C. Armstrong, b. 1840, m. 29 Jun 1909 at Allen Co., OH 2 ├── ROBERT ARMSTRONG HOWARD, b. 10 Nov 1798 at Ontario Co. (then), NY, d. 26 Nov 1872 at Fulton Co., OH │ +Priscilla Nelson, b. 2 Feb 1799 at Putnam Co., NY, m. 12 Feb 1823, d. 7 May 1872 at Fulton Co., OH │ ├── Aurelia Augusta Howard, b. 30 Jan 1826 at Wood Co., OH, d. after 1885 │ │ +John Hanna Reid Esq, b. 11 Feb 1823 at Allegheny Co., PA, m. at OH, d. 31 Oct 1885 │ │ ├── Frank Augustus Reid, b. 4 Dec 1852 │ │ │ +Alice Jane Lundy, b. 15 Nov 1856 │ │ └── Richard W. Reid, b. 3 Mar 1868 at Wood Co., OH, d. 18 Oct 1939 at Hamilton Co., TN │ ├── Augustus Aurelius3 Howard, b. 30 Jan 1826 at Wood Co., OH, d. 13 Sep 1907 at Ingham Co., MI │ │ +Sarah Anna Graham, b. 23 Mar 1826 at Wayne Co., NY, m. 31 Dec 1849 at Fulton Co., OH, d. 26 Apr 1907 at Ingham Co., MI │ │ ├── Abbie Augusta4 Howard │ │ ├── William Edward4 Howard, b. 4 Nov 1852 at Fulton Co., OH │ │ │ +Alice Wheelock, b. 4 Sep 1854, m. 7 Apr 1880, d. 1937 at Jackson Co., MI │ │ │ └── Marcia5 Howard, b. at Ingham Co., MI │ │ └── Mary Priscilla4 Howard, b. 11 Nov 1860 at DeKalb Co., IN, d. 5 Jun 1904 at Ingham Co., MI │ │ +Dr. Sidney Hollister Culver M.D, b. 22 Nov 1856 at Livingston Co., MI, m. 5 Mar 1884 at Ingham Co., MI, d. 24 Sep 1936 at Ingham Co., MI │ ├── Nelson Montgomery3 Howard, b. 21 Jan 1828 at Wood Co., OH │ │ +Jane L. Redfield, m. 18 Mar 1851 at OH │ │ ├── Charles R.4 Howard │ │ ├── Ida A.4 Howard │ │ └── Mary W.4 Howard │ │ +Sarah E. Dean, b. 27 Jan 1849, m. 25 Dec 1885 at LaSalle Co., IL, d. 18 Oct 1917 at Fulton Co., OH │ ├── William Henry3 Howard, b. 14 Nov 1829 at Wood Co., OH, d. 1 May 1882 at Lenawee Co., MI │ │ +Elsie F. Partridge, b. 22 Aug 1836 at MI, m. 22 Sep 1852, d. 16 Jun 1918 at Lenawee Co., MI │ │ └── Walter Henry4 Howard, b. 16 Jun 1858, d. 1934 at Tulsa Co., OK │ │ +Nettie E. Wilcox, b. 26 Feb 1865, m. 28 Dec 1888, d. 1942 at Tulsa Co., OK │ ├── Edwin A. 3 Howard, b. 11 May 1833 at Wood Co., OH, d. 22 Apr 1907 at Hillsdale Co., MI │ │ +Sarah M. Willard, b. 1834 at NY, m. 16 Apr 1853 at Sandusky Co., OH, d. 22 Sep 1906 at Hillsdale Co., MI │ │ └── Mary4 Howard, b. 1865, d. 1929 │ │ +(--?--) Reid │ ├── Richard W. 3 Howard, b. 24 Sep 1834, d. 18 Mar 1856 at Lucas Co., OH │ ├── James Walter3 Howard, b. 6 Oct 1837 at Fulton Co., OH, d. 30 Oct 1896 at Fulton Co., OH │ │ +Margaret Alice Ringo, b. 10 Apr 1838 at OH, m. 20 Oct 1859, d. 4 May 1896 at Fulton Co., OH │ │ └── Adaline4 Howard, b. at Fulton Co., OH

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│ └── Thomas3 Howard, b. circa 1840 at OH 2 └── RICHARD MONTGOMERY WILLIAMS HOWARD, b. 8 Apr 1801 at Ontario Co. (now Yates Co.), NY, d. 26 Jan 1834 at Wood Co., OH +Elenor Fulkerson, m. circa 1825

198

a APPENDIX D: THREE GENERATIONS OF THE MCLEAN FAMILY

1 JOHN S. MCLEAN, b. 11 Jun 1748 at co. Antrim, d. 9 Aug 1841 at Yates Co., NY 2 +SARAH ARMSTRONG, b. 15 Jun 1753 at Cumberland Co., PA, m. 31 Aug 1779 at Cumberland Co. (now Juniata Co.), PA, d. 3 Sep 1841 at Yates Co., NY 2 ├── JAMES MCLEAN, b. 1777 at Cumberland Co. (now Juniata Co.), PA, d. 1833 2 ├── WILLIAM F. MCLEAN, b. 23 Oct 1780 at Cumberland Co. (now Juniata Co.), PA, d. 28 Jan 1855 at Fountain Co., IN │ +Sarah Woodhul, b. 25 Jul 1791 at PA, m. 1 May 1809 at Ontario Co. (now Yates Co.), NY, d. at Ontario Co. (now Yates Co.), NY │ ├── James3 McLean │ ├── Sarah Etta3 McLean, b. 23 Mar 1810 at prob. Yates Co., NY, d. 18 Oct 1850 at Yates Co., NY │ │ +Rensellaer Travis, b. 1812 at NY, m. before 1833 at NY, d. 1868 at Yates Co., NY │ │ ├── William Henry Travis, b. 11 May 1833 at Yates Co., NY, d. Oct 1849 at Yates Co., NY │ │ ├── Sophiah E. Travis, b. circa 1836 at NY │ │ ├── Hatley Travis, b. 1841 at Yates Co., NY, d. 1844 at Yates Co., NY │ │ └── Mary E. Travis, b. circa 1845 at NY │ ├── William A. 3 McLean, b. 3 May 1811 at prob. Yates Co., NY, d. 14 Jul 1874 at Fountain Co., IN │ │ +Lettie Page, b. 5 Jul 1816 at Litchfield Co., CT, m. 29 Jan 1835, d. 23 Jun 1904 at Fountain Co., IN │ │ ├── Betsey4 McLean, b. 11 Aug 1837 at NY, d. 3 Oct 1924 at Fountain Co., IN │ │ │ +John C. Miller, b. 27 Apr 1817, d. 2 May 1899 │ │ ├── James A.4 McLean, b. between 1839 and 1841 at NY │ │ ├── Ransom A.4 McLean, b. 30 Jun 1839 at Yates Co., NY, d. 5 Oct 1876 at Fountain Co., IN │ │ ├── Sarah E.4 McLean, b. circa 1846 at PA │ │ ├── Sarah J.4 McLean, b. circa 1847 at CT │ │ ├── Harriet P.4 McLean, b. circa 1850 at PA │ │ ├── John A.4 McLean, b. circa Mar 1850 at PA │ │ ├── Judson L.4 McLean, b. circa Mar 1850 at Ontario Co., PA │ │ ├── Nancy Cornellia4 McLean, b. 17 Jul 1853 at NY, d. 21 Jan 1879 │ │ ├── Mary McLean, b. circa 1855 at IN │ │ └── Thomas E.4 McLean, b. circa 1858 at IN │ ├── Rachel3 McLean, b. 25 Nov 1812 at NY, d. 1860 at Warren Co., IN │ │ +David Bush, b. 1813 at NJ, m. before 1841, d. 10 Jan 1869 at Warren Co., IN │ │ ├── William A. Bush, b. circa 1841 at NY │ │ ├── Harriet S. Bush, b. circa 1843 at NY │ │ ├── James H. Bush, b. circa 1846 at MI │ │ └── Peter D. Bush, b. 1849 at NY, d. 1904 at Fountain Co., IN │ │ +Sarah Alice Trott, b. Mar 1856 at IN, d. 1927 at Fountain Co., IN │ ├── Alexander Armstrong3 McLean, b. 3 Nov 1814 at Yates Co., NY, d. 9 Nov 1904 at Fountain Co., IN │ │ +Mary Jane Potter, b. 25 Oct 1820 at Onondaga Co, NY, m. 2 Jan 1838, d. 17 Apr 1880 at poss. Tioga Co., PA │ └── Sophie3 McLean, b. 22 Aug 1818 at NY, d. 1 Oct 1872 at Fountain Co., IN │ +Ranson Miller, b. 1 Oct 1812 at NY, m. 14 Nov 1839 at Yates Co., NY, d. 27 Jun 1896 at Fountain Co., IN │ +Phoebe Clemmens, b. circa 22 Jul 1807, m. after 1819, d. after 1855 at Yates Co., NY

a All sources cited in the chronologies are identified in the text section on that family and individual. Names in red indicate a marriage with one of the other five families.

199

2 ├── ALEXANDER I MCLEAN, b. 31 Aug 1782 at Cumberland Co. (now Juniata Co.), PA, d. 25 Sep 1784 at Cumberland Co. (now Juniata Co.), PA 2 ├── ELIZABETH MCLEAN, b. 10 Oct 1784 at Cumberland Co. (now Juniata Co.), PA, d. 1824 at Yates Co., NY 2 ├── ALEXANDER II MCLEAN, b. 18 Jan 1785 at Cumberland Co. (now Juniata Co.), PA, d. 1824 2 ├── MARY MCLEAN, b. 15 Nov 1787 at Cumberland Co. (now Juniata Co.), PA, d. after 15 Nov 1787 at Cumberland Co. (now Juniata Co.), PA 2 ├── JOHN ARMSTRONG MCLEAN, b. 22 Jun 1790 at Cumberland Co. (now Juniata Co.), PA, d. 12 May 1867 at Yates Co., NY │ +Jane V. Remer, b. 1789 at NJ, m. before 1815 at Ontario Co. (now Yates Co.), NY, d. 11 Jul 1835 at Yates Co., NY │ ├── Alexander3 McLean, b. 1815, d. 29 Jun 1843 │ ├── Lewis A. 3 McLean, b. circa 31 Dec 1817 at Yates Co., NY, d. 23 Apr 1832 at Yates Co., NY │ └── Aaron R. 3 McLean, b. Jul 1820, d. 20 May 1905 at Oneida Co., NY │ +Rachel Elizabeth (--?--), b. Apr 1828 at NY, m. circa 1846 at Yates Co., NY, d. 1916 │ ├── Charles A.4 McLean, b. circa 1850 at Yates Co., NY │ └── Mary I.4 McLean, b. circa 1851 at NY │ +Almarion Horton, b. 1 Dec 1841 at NY, m. before 27 Aug 1870, d. 8 Sep 1887 at Yates Co., NY │ +Pamelia/Permelia Conklin, b. 1800, m. after 1835, d. 4 Dec 1869 2 ├── GEORGE EDWIN MCLEAN, b. 7 Mar 1793 at Lancaster Co. (then), PA, d. 17 Mar 1872 │ +Elizabeth Sebring, b. 25 Oct 1795, m. 19 Nov 1815, d. 5 Jun 1875 │ ├── Johannah3 McLean, b. 6 Nov 1816 at Steuben Co., NY, d. 29 Mar 1881 │ │ +George Harmon Whitney, b. 11 Jan 1817, m. 7 Jan 1839, d. 15 Oct 1869 │ ├── Daniel Sebring3 McLean, b. 23 May 1818 at Steuben Co., NY, d. 3 Apr 1886 │ │ +Esther Gillett, b. 30 Jan 1823, m. 3 Oct 1840, d. 1 Aug 1886 │ ├── William Edwin3 McLean, b. 11 Mar 1820 at Steuben Co., NY, d. 29 Nov 1875 at Erie Co., PA │ │ +Clarissa A. Gillett, b. 25 Jul 1821 at Steuben Co., NY, m. 26 Nov 1845, d. 30 May 1868 │ ├── George3 McLean Jr, b. 14 Dec 1821 at Steuben Co., NY, d. 24 Jan 1877 │ │ +Catherine Riley, b. 26 Feb 1826, m. 16 Jul 1845, d. 27 May 1854 │ │ +Anna (--?--), b. 18 Aug 1826, m. 13 Mar 1855 │ ├── Lewis Hoyt3 McLean, b. 15 Feb 1824 at Steuben Co., NY, d. 4 Nov 1896 │ │ +Mary Elizabeth Lamphier, b. 1 Feb 1825, m. 16 Sep 1847, d. 30 Apr 1894 │ ├── Deborah3 McLean, b. 19 Jul 1827 at Steuben Co., NY, d. 10 Mar 1912 │ │ +George Moore, b. 10 Aug 1827, m. 22 Jan 1857, d. 5 Oct 1907 │ ├── Drusilla3 McLean, b. 11 Dec 1829 at Steuben Co., NY, d. 24 Mar 1896 │ │ +Henry Fullerton, m. 12 Nov 1849, d. 21 Apr 1886 │ ├── John Sebring3 McLean, b. 18 Sep 1830 at Steuben Co., NY, d. 16 Sep 1879 │ │ +Sophia J. Boyd, b. 26 Feb 1845, m. 2 Jan 1865, d. 20 Mar 1904 │ ├── Chandler Newman3 McLean, b. 13 Dec 1833 at Steuben Co., NY, d. 25 Jul 1906 │ │ +Sarah Demaris Wescott, m. 13 Dec 1866 at Erie Co., PA, d. 1895 │ │ +Ellen (--?--), m. after 1895 │ ├── Ansel Pelton3 McLean, b. 19 Jan 1836 at Steuben Co., NY, d. 26 Nov 1891 │ │ +Mary E. Stafford, b. 1848, m. 3 May 1871, d. 1922 at Erie Co., PA │ └── Sarah Jane3 "Jennie" McLean, b. 2 Oct 1837 at Steuben Co., NY, d. 25 Aug 1929 at Erie Co., PA │ +James Adam Boyd, b. 1 Dec 1838 at Erie Co., PA, m. 6 Mar 1867, d. 24 Feb 1910 at Erie Co., PA 2 ├── SARAH MCLEAN, b. 17 May 1795 at Cumberland Co. (now Juniata Co.), PA, d. Aug 1800 2 └── DEBORAH ARMSTRONG MCLEAN, b. 15 Aug 1797 at Ontario Co., NY, d. 26 Jan 1868 at Tioga Co., PA

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+Capt. James Goodrich, b. 7 Oct 1790 at Berkshire Co., MA, m. 24 Jan 1815 at Yates Co., NY, d. 22 Mar 1879 at Tioga Co., PA

201

a APPENDIX E: FOUR GENERATIONS OF THE TRIMMER FAMILY

ANTHONY I "TUNIS" TRIMMER, b. circa 1724/25 at Warren Co., NJ, d. Nov 1754 at Morris Co., NJ +Elizabeth Houshell, b. 1723 at NJ, m. 1749 at Mecklenburg-Schwerin, d. 1781 at New Jersey? 1 ├── PAUL TRIMMER, b. circa 1750 at Morris Co., NJ, d. 1825 at Washington Co., PA │ +Jane McElwain/McIlvaine, b. at Lancaster Co., PA, m. 1780 at Mifflin Co. (then, now Juniata Co.), PA, d. before 1820 at Washington Co., PA 2 │ ├── ANTHONY TRIMMER, b. 1781 at Cumberland Co. (now Juniata Co.), PA, d. 1841 at Washington Co., PA │ │ +Jane Manning, m. circa 1798 at Mifflin Co. (then), PA │ │ ├── Paul3 Trimmer, b. 1799 at Mifflin Co. (then), PA, d. 1882 at Washington Co., PA │ │ │ +Mary (--?--), b. circa 1810 at PA │ │ │ ├── Martin4 Trimmer, b. circa 1828 at Washington Co., PA │ │ │ ├── Samuel4 Trimmer, b. circa 1829 at PA │ │ │ ├── Paul4 Trimmer, b. circa 1834 at PA │ │ │ └── Martha4 Trimmer, b. circa 1836 at PA │ │ ├── John3 Trimmer, b. 1810, d. at Washington Co., PA │ │ │ ├── Zachariah4 Trimmer │ │ │ ├── James4 Trimmer │ │ │ └── Anthony4 Trimmer │ │ │ +Elizabeth McPherson │ │ │ +Elizabeth Javens │ │ ├── Mary3 Trimmer, b. 1804 │ │ │ +Samuel F. Bell │ │ ├── Nancy3 Trimmer, b. 1802 │ │ │ +George McCready │ │ ├── Rebecca3 Trimmer, b. 1808 │ │ │ +Benjamin Pinkerton │ │ ├── Jane3 Trimmer, b. 1806 │ │ │ +Thomas Hunt │ │ │ +John Hunter │ │ │ +James Johnston │ │ ├── Jemima II3 Trimmer, b. 1812 │ │ │ +(--?--) Fulton │ │ │ +James Lewis │ │ │ +James Boyd │ │ ├── Jemima I3 Trimmer, b. 1799 │ │ ├── Andrew3 Trimmer, b. 1814 at Washington Co., PA, d. at Vinton Co., OH │ │ │ +Lucinda Miller │ │ │ ├── David4 Trimmer │ │ │ ├── John4 Trimmer │ │ │ ├── Paul4 Trimmer │ │ │ └── William4 Trimmer │ │ ├── Elizabeth3 Trimmer, b. 1817 at Washington Co., PA, d. 1907 │ │ │ +Ephraim Johnston │ │ └── Sarah3 Trimmer, b. 1820 at Washington Co., PA, d. 1901 │ │ +Philip Ward

a All sources cited in the chronologies are identified in the text section on that family and individual. Names in red indicate a marriage with one of the other five families.

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│ │ +Margaret Hunt, b. 1804 at Washington Co., PA, m. 21 Sep 1824 at Washington Co., PA, d. 1876 at Vinton Co., OH │ │ ├── Lavina3 Trimmer, b. 1830 at Washington Co., PA │ │ │ +George Casner │ │ ├── Margaret Ann3 Trimmer, b. 1826 at Washington Co., PA, d. 18 Mar 1865 at Vinton Co., OH │ │ │ +George Nixon III, b. 1821 at Washington Co., PA, m. 10 Jan 1843 at Washington Co., PA, d. 10 Jul 1863 at Adams Co., PA │ │ │ ├── Samuel Brady Nixon, b. 9 Oct 1847 at Washington Co., PA, d. 28 Apr 1914 at Vinton Co., OH │ │ │ ├── William Francis Nixon, b. 1853, d. 1862 │ │ │ ├── Hiram D. Nixon, b. 15 Mar 1858, d. 26 Jan 1927 at OH │ │ │ └── Andrew Elihu Nixon, b. 22 Aug 1860 at Vinton Co., OH, d. 1948 at Ross Co., OH │ │ ├── Catherine3 Trimmer, b. 1828 │ │ │ +George Tuten │ │ │ +(--?--) Easton │ │ ├── (--?--)3 Trimmer │ │ ├── (--?--)3 Trimmer │ │ └── Samuel H.3 Trimmer, b. 1836 at PA, d. 1911 at Vinton Co., OH │ │ +Rebecca J. (--?--), b. 1840, d. 1917 at OH │ │ └── Dallas O. 4 Trimmer, b. 1880, d. 1922 2 │ ├── MARY "POLLY" TRIMMER, b. circa 1783, d. at Ross Co., OH │ │ +(--?--) Myers, b. at Tuscarawas Co., OH, m. at Washington Co., PA 2 │ ├── THOMAS TRIMMER, b. 1786, d. after 1854 │ │ +Agnes Ravenscraft, m. circa 1805, d. before 1832 │ │ ├── Samuel3 Trimmer, b. 1808 at Washington Co., PA, d. at Jackson Co., OH │ │ │ +Mary Cahia │ │ ├── James Ravenscraft3 Trimmer, b. 1808 at Washington Co., PA, d. 1894 at Huron Co., OH │ │ │ +Laura E./Louisa Smith, b. 1815 at MA, d. 5 Feb 1901 at Huron Co., OH │ │ ├── Moses McElwain3 Trimmer, b. 13 Sep 1810 at Washington Co., PA, d. 8 Dec 1882 at Belmont Co., OH │ │ │ +Jane Bates, b. 10 Jun 1809, d. 24 Mar 1886 at Belmont Co., OH │ │ │ ├── Mariah Ann4 Trimmer, b. 10 Oct 1834, d. 30 Aug 1899 │ │ │ └── Rachel Jane4 Trimmer, b. 28 Nov 1848 at Belmont Co., OH, d. 20 May 1914 at Guernsey Co., OH │ │ └── Thomas3 Trimmer, b. 1823 at Washington Co., PA, d. 1910 at Washington Co., PA │ │ +Isabell (--?--), b. circa 1832 at PA │ │ ├── William Henry4 Trimmer, b. circa 1852 at PA │ │ ├── Nancy A. 4 Trimmer, b. circa 1854 at PA │ │ ├── Sarah J. 4 Trimmer, b. circa 1857 at PA │ │ └── Anna4 Trimmer, b. circa 1859 at PA │ │ +Martha Perry, m. 1832 at Washington Co., PA, d. before 1854 │ │ └── Nancy Ann3 Trimmer, b. between 1834 and 1834 at Washington Co., PA │ │ +Sarah Scott, m. 1854 2 │ ├── NANCY TRIMMER, b. 1788 at Northumberland Co., PA, d. circa 1850 │ │ +Robert Ravenscraft, b. 1788 at Washington Co., PA 2 │ ├── SAMUEL TRIMMER SR, b. 1790, d. 29 Apr 1849 at Washington Co., PA │ │ +Elizabeth ? Stevenson, b. circa 1786, m. circa 1811 │ │ ├── Ruth C.3 Trimmer, b. 1815 at Washington Co., PA, d. 1878 at Noble Co., OH │ │ ├── Stevenson3 Trimmer, b. 3 Nov 1815 at Washington Co., PA, d. 18 May 1890 at Noble Co., OH

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│ │ │ +Ann McAdams, b. 22 Feb 1822, d. 2 Nov 1882 at Noble Co., OH │ │ │ +Malinda Butterbaugh │ │ ├── Isaiah3 Trimmer, b. 1816 at Washington Co., PA, d. after 20 Oct 1850 │ │ ├── John3 Trimmer, b. 1818 at Washington Co., PA │ │ ├── Sarah3 Trimmer, b. 5 May 1818 at Washington Co., PA, d. 21 Sep 1909 at Washington Co., PA │ │ │ +Alexander McAdams, b. 1819, d. 1873 at Washington Co., PA │ │ │ └── Samuel James McAdams, b. 15 Apr 1852 at Washington Co., PA, d. 16 Nov 1907 at Washington Co., PA │ │ ├── Samuel3 Trimmer, b. 1823 at Washington Co., PA, d. 1869 at Noble Co., OH │ │ │ +Rumina Calvert │ │ ├── Jane3 Trimmer, b. 1824 at Washington Co., PA, d. after 20 Oct 1850 │ │ │ +Samuel McAdams │ │ ├── Mary3 Trimmer, b. 1826, d. after 20 Oct 1850 │ │ │ +(--?--) Pyle │ │ ├── Julia3 Trimmer, b. 1828, d. after 20 Oct 1850 │ │ │ +Elihu Lippitt │ │ │ +Isaac McCune │ │ └── Andrew3 Trimmer, b. circa 1836 at Washington Co., PA, d. after 20 Oct 1850 2 │ ├── ELIZABETH TRIMMER, b. circa 1792 at PA │ │ +(--?--) Pyle │ │ +George Miller, m. at Washington Co., PA 2 │ ├── REBECCA TRIMMER, b. circa 1794 │ │ +(--?--) Miller 2 │ └── JOHN TRIMMER, b. circa 1796, d. 1818 at Washington Co., PA 1 ├── MARY TRIMMER, b. between 1750 and 1752 at NJ, d. 17 Dec 1790 at Morris Co., NJ │ +Caleb Swayze, b. 1722, m. 2 Dec 1768 1 └── ANTHONY II TRIMMER, b. circa 1754 at NJ, d. 23 Sep 1838 at Yates Co., NY 1 +SARAH HOWARD, b. 26 Jul 1758, m. 1777 at Cumberland Co. (now Juniata Co.), PA, d. 24 Mar 1832 at Yates Co., NY 2 ├── ELIZABETH BETSEY TRIMMER │ +Frederick Bakenstose │ +Capt. Leonard Smith, b. 15 Jul 1770 at (then) Ulster Co. (now Orange Co.), NY, d. 8 May 1847 at Allegany Co., NY 2 ├── SARAH "SALLY" TRIMMER │ +Jesse T. Gage 2 ├── AMY TRIMMER, b. 12 Oct 1780 at Cumberland Co. (now Juniata Co.), PA, d. 23 Feb 1819 at Allegany Co., NY │ +Capt. Leonard Smith, b. 15 Jul 1770 at (then) Ulster Co. (now Orange Co.), NY, d. 8 May 1847 at Allegany Co., NY 2 ├── DAVID TRIMMER, b. between 1781 and 1790 at PA, d. 1855 │ +Susan/Susanna Reading, bap. 1820 at Yates Co., NY │ +Mary Kelly 2 ├── ISAIAH F. TRIMMER, b. 1784, d. 1866 at Ashtabula Co., OH │ +Nancy J. (--?--), b. 1780, m. 7 Aug 1820, d. 1842 at Ashtabula Co., OH │ ├── Chester3 Trimmer, b. between 1811 and 1815 at Ontario Co. (now Yates Co.), NY │ ├── Frances3 Trimmer, b. between 1816 and 1820 at Ontario Co. (now Yates Co.), NY │ ├── Amy S.3 Trimmer, b. 1821 at NY, d. 1896 at Ashtabula Co., OH │ │ +Horace Mordoff, b. 1828, m. after 20 Jul 1860, d. 1894 at Ashtabula Co., OH │ └── Leonard3 Trimmer, b. 1821 at NY, d. 1863 at Ashtabula Co., OH 2 ├── ANDREW TRIMMER, b. between 1785 and 1794

204

2 ├── ANTHONY III TRIMMER (Jr), b. 16 Sep 1787 at Cumberland Co. (now Juniata Co.), PA, d. 6 Dec 1863 at Yates Co., NY │ +Anna Ganu.ng, b. 12 Oct 1796, m. before 7 Aug 1820 at Yates Co., NY, d. 6 Aug 1836 at Yates Co., NY │ ├── John C.3 Trimmer, b. circa 1822, d. 21 Feb 1912 at Yates Co., NY │ │ +Mary Baldwin, b. 1841, d. 21 Dec 1919 at Yates Co., NY │ ├── Harriet3 Trimmer, b. circa 1826 │ │ +Sylvester Simmons, b. circa 1822, m. before 1853 │ │ ├── Justus M. Simmons, b. circa 1853 at Yates Co., NY │ │ └── Henry Simmons, b. circa 1858 at NY │ ├── Anna3 Trimmer, b. circa 1827, d. 1838 │ ├── Edward M. 3 Trimmer, b. 16 Dec 1829 at Ontario Co., NY, d. Feb 1905 at Livingston Co., NY │ │ +Ellen R. Potter, b. 1835 at Ontario Co., NY, m. before 1856, d. 10 Jun 1907 at Livingston Co., NY │ └── Mary Hannah3 Trimmer, b. 30 Sep 1833 at Yates Co., NY, d. 2 Feb 1899 at Yates Co., NY │ +William Tremper Remer, b. 15 Jul 1821 at Ontario Co. (now Yates Co.), NY, m. 1 Oct 1849 at Yates Co., NY, d. 28 Feb 1899 at Yates Co., NY 2 ├── EPENETUS HART TRIMMER, b. 1792 at PA, d. before 7 Apr 1857 at Yates Co., NY │ +Rebecca/Ellen Ellis, b. 1803 at Ontario Co., NY, m. circa 1826 at Yates Co., NY, d. 28 Aug 1868 at Yates Co., NY │ ├── Mary3 "Polly" Trimmer, b. circa 24 Feb 1827 at NY, d. 4 May 1905 │ │ +Vinson R. "Vincent" Swarthout, d. 18 Mar 1879 │ │ +Jonathan Baker │ ├── Jemima3 Trimmer, b. 20 Apr 1828 at Yates Co., NY, d. 23 Jan 1903 at Yates Co., NY │ │ +Aaron E. Swarthout, b. 3 Jan 1820, d. 24 Sep 1881 at Yates Co., NY │ ├── Sarah3 Trimmer, b. 22 Aug 1828 at Yates Co., NY, d. 5 Nov 1836 at Yates Co., NY │ ├── Ellsworth3 "Elzer" Trimmer, b. 20 May 1832 at Yates Co., NY, d. 29 Apr 1897 at Yates Co., NY │ │ +Ellen J. Perine, b. 31 Mar 1831, d. 10 Feb 1877 at Yates Co., NY │ │ └── Zella4 Trimmer, b. circa 1849 at Yates Co., NY, d. 30 Sep 1851 at Yates Co., NY │ ├── Elizabeth3 "Eliza" Trimmer, b. 20 Jun 1835 at NY, d. 1 Apr 1913 │ │ +Luther Harris │ ├── Thomas H. 3 Trimmer, b. circa 30 Apr 1837 at NY, d. 9 Oct 1853 at Yates Co., NY │ ├── Sarah3 Trimmer, b. circa 1839 at Yates Co., NY │ ├── William D. 3 Trimmer, b. 4 Apr 1842 at NY, d. 22 Feb 1900 at Yates Co., NY │ │ +Mary Harris, b. 23 Jul 1842, m. before 1863, d. 8 Dec 1929 at Yates Co., NY │ │ ├── Epenetus4 Trimmer │ │ ├── Dr. E. Luther4 Trimmer, b. 1863 at Yates Co., NY, d. Aug 1941 at Los Angeles Co., CA │ │ └── Ellsworth4 Trimmer, b. 1863, d. 8 Jul 1938 at Yates Co., NY │ └── Ruth C. 3 Trimmer, b. 1 Nov 1847, d. 1866 at Yates Co., NY 2 ├── MARY "POLLY"TRIMMER, b. circa 1793 at PA │ +William Gates, m. 18 Jan 1816 at Ontario Co. (now Yates Co.), NY 2 └── THOMAS H. TRIMMER, b. 22 Jan 1797 at NY, d. 7 Apr 1851 at Yates Co., NY

205

BIBLIOGRAPHY AND SOURCES

1790 U.S. Census, North Carolina, Rowan County. Series: M637; Roll: 7; Digital images. Ancestry.com. http://www.ancestry.com. Family History Library Film: 0568147. 1790 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, Mifflin County. Series: M637; Roll: 9; Digital images. Ancestry.com. http://www.ancestry.com. Family History Library Film: 0568149. 1790 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, Northumberland County. Series: M637; Roll: 9; Digital images. Ancestry.com. http://www.ancestry.com. Family History Library Film: 0568149. 1790 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, York County, Warrinton (sic) Township. Series: M637; Roll: 9; Digital images. Ancestry.com. http://www.ancestry.com. Family History Library Film: 0568149. 1800 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, Cumberland County, Carlisle Township, Series: M32; Roll: 38; Image: 106; Ancestry.com. http://www.ancestry.com. Family History Library Film: 363341. 1800 U.S. Census, New York, Ontario County, Jerusalem Township, Series: M32; Roll: 28; Image: 90; Ancestry.com. http://www.ancestry.com. Family History Library Film: 193716. 1800 U.S. Census, New York, Ontario County, Seneca Township, Roll: M32-28. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com. Family History Library Film: 193716. 1800 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, Washington County, Smiths Township, Series M32; Roll: 44; Family History Library Film: 363347. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com. 1810 U.S. Census, New York, Cayuga County, Scipio Township, Roll: 31; Family History Library Film: 0181385. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com. 1810 U.S. Census, New York, Dutchess County, Carmel Township, Roll: M30; Family History Library Film: 0181384. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com. 1810 U.S. Census, New York, Ontario County, Benton Township, Roll: 33; Image: 00158; Family History Library Film: 0181387. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com. 1810 U.S. Census, New York, Ontario County, Palmyra Township, Roll: 33. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com. 1810 U.S. Census, New York, Ontario County, Seneca Township, Roll: 33; Family History Library Film: 0181387. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com. 1810 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, Washington County, Smiths Township, Roll: 57; Family History Library Film: 0193683. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com. 1820 U.S. Census, New York, Ontario County, Benton Township, Roll: M33_62. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com. 1820 U.S. Census, New York, Ontario County, Canandaigua Township, Roll: M33_62. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com. 1820 U.S. Census, New York, Ontario County, Middlesex Township, Roll: M33_62. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com.

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1840 U.S. Census, Ohio, Lucas County, York Township, Roll: 410. Digital 1840YorkL images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com. Family History Library Film: 0020171. 1850 U.S. Census, Michigan, Hillsdale County, Allen Township, Roll: 1850Allen M432_351. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com. 1850 Michigan State Agricultural Census, Hillsdale County, Allen Township. 1850AllenAg Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com. 1850 U.S. Census, New York, Yates County, Benton Township, Roll: 1850Benton M432_618. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com. 1850 U.S. Census, Agriculture Schedule, New York, Yates County, Benton Township. Ancestry.com. “Selected U.S. Federal Census Non-Population 1850BentonAg Schedules, 1850-1880.” Database. http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=1276 Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2010. 1850 U.S. Census, New York, Allegany County, Cuba Township, Roll: 1850Cuba M432_476. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com. 1850 U.S. Census, Missouri, Franklin County, District 31, Roll: M432_399. 1850Dist31 Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com. 1850 U.S. Census, Michigan, (Barry, Branch, Calhoun, Clinton, Eaton, Hillsdale, Ingham, Ionia, Jackson, Kalamazoo, Lenawee, Livingston, St. 1850Mich15 Joseph, Shiawassee and Washtenaw counties), Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com. 1850 U.S. Census, New York, Yates County, Milo Township, Roll: 1850Milo M432_618. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com. 1850 U.S. Census, Ohio, Ashtabula County, Pierpont Township, Roll: 1850Pierpont M432_659. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com. 1850 U.S. Census, Ohio, Fulton County, Pike Township, Roll: Roll: 1850Pike M432_681. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com. 1850 U.S. Census, New York, Cattaraugus County, Randolph Township, Roll: 1850Randolph M432_479. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com. 1850 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, Washington County, Robinson Township, 1850Robinson Roll: M432_833. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com. 1850 U.S. Census, Ohio, Allen County, Shawnee Township, Roll: M432_657. 1850Shawnee Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com. 1850 U.S. Census, Michigan, Washtenaw County, Lodi Township, Roll: 1850Washtenaw M432_364. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com.

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M432_706. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com. 1850 U.S. Census, Ohio, Wood County, Weston Township, Roll: M432_741. 1850Weston Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com. 1850 U.S. Census, Ohio, Sandusky County, York Township, Roll: M432_726. 1850York Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com. 1855 New York State Census, Benton Township, Yates Co., New York. 1855Benton Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com. 1855 New York State Census, Milo Township, Yates Co., New. Digital 1855Milo images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com 1855 New York State Census, Randolph Township, Cattaraugus Co., New. 1855Randolph Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com. 1855 New York State Census, Torrey Township, Yates Co., New. Digital 1855Torrey images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com. 1860 U.S. Census, Missouri, McHenry County, Chemnung Twp., Roll: 1860Chemnung M653_202; Family History Library Film: 803202. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com. 1860 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, Warren County, Glade Township, Roll: 1860Glade M653_1190. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com. Family History Library Film: 805190. 1860 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, Erie County, LeBoeuf Township, Roll: 1860LeBoeuf M653_1108. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com. Family History Library Film: 805108. 1860 U.S. Census, New York, Yates County, Middlesex Township, Roll: 1860Middlesex M653_885; Family History Library Film: 803885. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com. 1860 U.S. Census, New York, Yates County, Milo Township, Roll: 1860Milo M653_885; Family History Library Film: 803885. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com. 1860 U.S. Census, Ohio, Ashtabula County, Pierpont Township, Roll: 1860Pierpont 653_933. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com. Family History Library Film: 803933. 1860 U.S. Census, Ohio, Fulton County, Pike Township, Roll: 653_965. 1860Pike Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com. Family History Library Film: 803965. 1860 U.S. Census, New York, Steuben County, Pulteney Township, Roll: 1860Pulteney M653_862; Family History Library Film: 803862. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com.

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1860 U.S. Census, New York, Cattaraugus County, Randolph Township, Roll: 1860Randolph M653_726; Family History Library Film: 803726. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com. 1860 U.S. Census, Illinois, LaSalle County, Rutland Township, Roll: 1860Rutland M653_196. Family History Library Film: 803196. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com. 1860 U.S. Census, New York, Yates Co., Torrey Township. Roll: M432_726. 1860Torrey Family History Library Film: 803885. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com. 1860 U.S. Census, Missouri, Johnson County, Washington Twp., Roll: 1860Washington M653_626; Family History Library Film: 803626. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com. 1860 U.S. Census, Michigan, Washtenaw County, Lodi Township, Roll: 1860Washtenaw M653_563; Family History Library Film: 803563. Digital images. Ancestry.com. http://www.ancestry.com. 1860 U.S. Census, Indiana, Marshall County, West Township, Roll: 1860West M653_178. Family History Library Film: 803278. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com. 1860 U.S. Census, Ohio, Wood County, Weston Township, Roll: M653_1053. 1860Weston Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com. Family History Library Film: 805053. 1860 U.S. Census, Indiana, DeKalb County, Wilmington Township, Roll: 1860Wilmington M653_254. Family History Library Film: 803254. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com. 1865 New York State Census, Randolph Township, Cattaraugus Co., New. 1865Randolph Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com. 1865 New York State Census, Torrey Township, Yates Co., New. Digital 1865Torrey images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com. 1870 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, Warren County, Glade Township, Roll: 1870Glade M593_1461. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com. Family History Library Film: 522960. 1870 U.S. Census, Michigan, Ionia County, Ionia Township, Roll: M593_676; 1870Ionia Family History Library Film: 552175. Digital images. Ancestry.com. http://www.ancestry.com. 1870 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, Erie County, LeBoeuf Township, Roll: 1870LeBoeuf M593_1341. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com. Family History Library Film: 522840.

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END NOTES

1 Stratton, Penelope L. and Henry B. Hoff, CG, FASG. Guide to Genealogical Writing. The New England Historic Genealogical Society, Boston. 2014. 2 Mills, Elizabeth Shown. Evidence Explained. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, Third Edition, 2015. 3 Ellis, F. and A. N. Hungerford, History of that Part of the Susquehanna and Juniata Valleys Embraced in the Counties of Mifflin, Juniata, Perry, Union and Snyder, in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, 1886, Everts, Peck and Richards, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Volume I, pp. 808-9. 4 Ellis & Hungerford [1886:I:808-9]. 5 Map Source: AncestorTracks.com. Online http://ancestortracks.com/Mifflin%20Co/1886_township_map_Mifflin_Juniata_Perry_Union_Snyder_from_Everts.j pg. 6 Egle, William H., MD (ed.). Notes and Queries: Historical and Genealogical Chiefly Relating to Interior Pennsylvania. Third Series in Three Volumes. Telegraph Printing and Binding House, Harrisburg, 1885. Volume 1, Page 8. 7 See Jordan, John Woolf, LLD. A History of the Juniata Valley and its People (three volumes), Lewis Historical Publishing Co., 1913, New York, New York, p. 158. 8 Pennsylvania Archives, Fifth Series, Vol. VI, Muster Rolls Relating to the Associators and Militia of the County of Cumberland. William Henry Egle (compiler), Thomas Lynch Montgomery (ed.), 1906, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. 9 McLean, John, Revolutionary War Service Pension Application File. Dated July 15, 1832. Seen at Fold3.com online at http://www.fold3.com/image/24222366/; Armstrong [1832]. 10 Third Series, Vol. XX, Provincial Papers: State and Supply Transcripts of the County of Cumberland for the years 1778, 1779, 1780, 1781, 1782, and 1785, William Henry Egle (compiler), 1898, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, p. 38. 11 Jordan [1913:I:95-6, 157]. 12 Map Source: Wright, Norman E. Building and American Pedigree, Brigham University Press, Provo, Utah, 1974, p. 473. 13 Ellis & Hungerford [1886:I:811-2] 14 1790Mifflin, pp. 104-105. 15 Armstrong [1783]. 16 PennArch3XX [1898]; Ancestry.com. Pennsylvania, Tax and Exoneration, 1768-1801 [database on-line]. http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=2497. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc., 2011. 17 PennArch3XX [1898]; Ancestry.com PATax [various years] 18 Pennsylvania Archives, Fifth Series Vol. IV, Continental line (continued), 1777-1783, invalid regiment, depreciation pay, pension applications, Thomas Lynch Montgomery (ed.), Harrisburg, Penn.: Harrisburg Publishing Co., State Printer, 1906, pp. 278 and 619, respectively. 19 Data was compiled from Pennsylvania militia and military records in: Pennsylvania Archives, Third Series, Vol. XXIII, Muster Rolls of the Nave and Line, Militia and Rangers 1775-1783 with List of Pensioners 1818-1832, William Henry Egle, M. D. (compiler), 1897, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Wm. Stanley Ray State Printer, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania Archives, Fifth Series, Vol. II, Miscellaneous Pennsylvania and Continental Units 1775- 1783. William Henry Egle (compiler), Thomas Lynch Montgomery (ed.), 1906, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania Archives, Fifth Series Vol. IV, Continental line (continued), 1777-1783, invalid regiment, depreciation pay, pension applications, Thomas Lynch Montgomery (ed.), Harrisburg, Penn.: Harrisburg Publishing Co., State Printer, 1906. Pennsylvania Archives, Fifth Series, Vol. VI, Muster Rolls Relating to the Associators and Militia of the County of Cumberland. William Henry Egle (compiler), Thomas Lynch Montgomery (ed.), 1906, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. 1 1832 Revolutionary War pension application of JOHN S. MCLEAN (see McLean [1832]). 1832 Revolutionary War pension application of George2 ARMSTRONG (Alexander1). See Armstrong [1832].

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20 Pennsylvania Historical & Museum Commission – Pennsylvania State Archives. Online at http://www.phmc.pa.gov/Archives/Research-Online/Pages/Revolutionary-War.aspx#.Vs3o1ZwrKUk. 21 PennArch5IV [1906], various pages. 22 PennArch5IV [1906], various pages. 23 PennArch3XXIII [1897], various pages. 24 See McLean [1832]. 25 Rodney E. Lightfoote, A History of the Town of Seneca, 1989, I-T Publishing Corp., Interlaken, New York. 26 Turner, Orasmus, History of the Pioneer Settlement of Phelps & Gorham's Purchase, and Morris' Reserve, 1851, William Alling, Rochester, reprinted 1976, James Brunnner, Geneseo, New York, p. O-517. 27 Turner [1841:O-519]. 28 Albert Hazen Wright, The Sullivan Expedition of 1779 – The Regimental Roster of Men, 1943 (2008 reprint), Heritage Books, Westminster, MD. 29 McLean [1832]. 30 Armstrong [1832]. 31 Pennsylvania Historical & Museum Commission - Pennsylvania State Archives, RG-17, Records of the Land Office, Copied surveys, 1681-1912 {series #17.114}. Online http://www.phmc.state.pa.us/bah/dam/rg/di/r17- 114CopiedSurveyBooks/r17-114MainInterfacePage.htm. Northumberland Co., p. 121, Warrant H-465. Also Pennsylvania Archives, Warrant Applications, 1733-1952. Harrisburg, Penn. Online http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=2350. Also Survey Book D-39, p. 121 and reverse. 32 “Pennsylvania, Land Warrants and Applications, 1733-1952.” Database. Ancestry.com. http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=2350. Original data from Pennsylvania Archives, Warrant Applications, 1733-1952. Harrisburg, Penn. 33 PAHisMusCmsnLand [Northumberland Co., p. 121, Warrant H-456, “Howard, Thos. et al.” and Survey Book C-93, page2 and reverse. Also see PennArchWarrants online http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=2350. 34 Map and annotation provided by Robert Bickhart, Snyder Co., Penn. 35 Map Source: AncestorTracks.com. Online http://ancestortracks.com/Mifflin%20Co/1886_township_map_Mifflin_Juniata_Perry_Union_Snyder_from_Everts.j pg. 36 Mifflin County, Pennsylvania, Deed Books, Recorder of Deeds, Mifflin Co. Courthouse, Lewistown, Penn., Deed Book C, pp. 13-15, (1 May 1795). 37 Mifflin Deeds, Deed Book H, p. 222, (Entered 26 April 1808). 38 Pennsylvania Historical & Museum Commission - Pennsylvania State Archives, RG-17, Records of the Land Office, Online http://www.portal.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt?open=512&objID=3184&&SortOrder=100&level=4&parentCommID =3162&menuLevel=Level_4&mode=2. Mifflin Co. Warrant Register, p. 129, Warrant A-38, online at http://www.phmc.state.pa.us/bah/dam/rg/di/r17-88WarrantRegisters/MifflinPages/Mifflin1.pdf. Survey Book A-21, p. 222, online at http://www.phmc.state.pa.us/bah/dam/rg/di/r17-114CopiedSurveyBooks/Book%20%20A1- A89/Book%20A-21/Book%20A-21%20pg%20447.pdf. 39 1850 U. S. Census, New York, Yates County, Benton Township, Roll: M432_618. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com, p. 132-A, lines 9-12; 1860 U. S. Census, New York, Yates County, Milo Township, Roll: M653_885; Family History Library Film: 803885. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com, p. 586, lines 5-7; 1870 U. S. Census, New York, New York County, New York City, Roll: M593_1008; Family History Library Film: 552507. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com, p. 452A, lines 12-14. 40 The Carlisle Gazette and the Western Repository of Knowledge, Carlisle, Pennsylvania, July 25, 1793. This is a notice in which Epenetus1 HART of Fermanagh Twp. offers a reward for a lost/stolen horse. 41 Mifflin Deeds, 1794 Deed, p. 210-11. 42 Jordan [1915:III:1683]; McLean [1984]. 43 1855 New York State Census, Benton Township, Yates Co., New. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com. Page unknown, lines 41-45 and lines 1-4 on the next page, household 119. Dumas & Conybeare [2008] , Volume 1, Torrey Cemeteries, Mount Pleasant Cemetery, p. 66. 44 1790Northumberland, p. 75, col 2, line 28. 45 Van Every, Dale. Ark of Empire: The American Frontier 1784-1803.William Morrow and Company, New York, 1963, p. 20.

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46 Map Source: Manuscripts and Special Collections, New York State Library, New York State Dept. of Education, Albany, N.Y. 47 Jordan, John Woolf, LLD. A History of the Juniata Valley and its People (three volumes), Lewis Historical Publishing Co., 1913, New York, New York. Volume 1, p. 282. 48 McLean [1832]. 49 Image copyrighted by Alamy Limited and licensed by author. 50 Cowan, Helen I., Charles Williams: Genesee Promoter – Friend of Anglo-American Rapprochement. (Roochester, N.Y.: The Rochester Historical Society, Vol XIX, 1941) p. 77. 51 Williamson, Charles. Description of the Settlement of the Genesee Country. Swords, New York, 1799, p. 11- 13. 52 Williamson [1799:38]. 53 Cowan [1941: 83-85]. 54 Williamson [1799:15-17]. 55 Williamson [1799:22]. 56 Cowan [1941:147]. 57 Cowan [1941:170]. 58 Map Source: Spafford, Horatio Gates. A Gazetteer of the State of New-York. H. C. Southwick, Albany. 1813. Image obtained from LOC.gov online http://www.loc.gov/item/2011587198/#about-this-item. 59 Ontario County Records and Archives Center, Deed and Mortgage Records, Canandaigua, Ontario Co., New York. Mortgage Records, Liber 1, pp. 334-336. 60 Map Source: Wright, Norman E. Building and American Pedigree, Brigham University Press, Provo, Utah, 1974, p. 473. 61 Turner [1851: O-517]. 62 Cleveland, Stafford Canning and Jemima Wilkinson. History and Directory of Yates County, New York: Containing a Sketch of its Original Settlement by the Public Universal Friends, the Lessee Company and Others, with an Account of Individual Pioneers; also of other Leading Citizens. Volumes 1 & 2. Chronicle Office, Penn Yan, New York: S. C. Cleveland, 1873 (1976 Reprint). Vol. 1, p. 300. 63 Cleveland [1873:I:300]: "During the last year or two of the eighteenth century, there came a colony of settlers from Pennsylvania, who located in east Benton, some of them in what is now Torrey. Among them was Anthony TRIMMER … The Armstrongs, Harts, McLeans, Howards and Trimmers were all members of the same colony." 64 1800 U. S. Census, New York, Ontario County, Seneca Township, Roll: M32-28. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com. Family History Library Film: 193716, p. 500, line 8. 65 NYTaxList 1800:Seneca. 66 Plum, Henry. Survey of Reed & Ryckman’s Location. Manuscript. 1798. Courtesy of the Yates County Office of Public History, Penn Yan. 67 1800Seneca, p. 500, line 5. 68 NYTaxList 1800:Jerusalem. 69 Kathy Alvis Patterson's weblog says that George's son John was born in New York in 1796. Patterson, Kathy Alvis, “Alvispat's Weblog - Ancestors of Kathy Alvis Patterson—Ancestral Lines for Alvis, Armstrong, Pedigo, Light, Eyster, Atwell, Turner, Dorsey and Others: Armstrongs of Princeton NJ and Geneva New York and other Armstrong Families in Western New York”. Online https://alvispat.wordpress.com/2008/08/05/armstrongs-of-nj- and-western-ny/. 2008. 70 1800Seneca, p. 504, line 17. 71 1800Jerusalem, p. 462, line 16. 72 NYTaxList 1800:Seneca. 73 Cleveland [1873:1:300]. Aldrich [1893:417] mentions the fifth town meeting of Seneca Twp. (which at that 1 time encompassed the village of Geneva) being held at EPENETUS HART's house in Geneva. Aldrich doesn’t give the dates of the actual meetings, but the record of the first meeting begins with 1793. See Aldrich, Lewis Cass (compiler), George S. Conover (ed.). History of Ontario County, New York, 1893, D. Mason & Co., Syracuse, New York, p. 417. 74 NYTaxList 1800:Seneca. 75 Cleveland [1873:1:300]. 76 1800Seneca, p. 512, line 5. 77 NYTaxList 1800:Seneca. 78 Sexton [1883:268]: "In 1796 the family removed to Geneva, N. Y…" Also see Cleveland [1873:1:300].

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79 1800Jerusalem, p. 462, line 17. 80 NYTaxList 1800:Jerusalem. 81 1855Benton, Household 20, lines 1-4; Cleveland [1873:1:300]. 82 1800Seneca, p. 500, line 26. 83 NYTaxList 1800:Seneca. 84 Armstrong, Robert. “Will of Robert Armstrong of Fermanagh, Cumberland Co., Pennsylvania”, dated 24 June 1783, proved 21 January 1785, Cumberland Co., Will Book E, p. 11, Cumberland Co., Carlisle, Pennsylvania. 85 Plum [1798]. 86 Map Source: Wheelock, Cyrus. The New Historical Atlas of Yates County New York – Illustrated. Everts, Ensign & Everts, Philadelphia, 1876, p. 90. 87 Aldrich [1893:417]. 88 Seneca Township, Ontario Co., New York. Town of Seneca Highway Minutes, 1793-1887. Ontario County Records and Archives Center, Canandaigua, Ontario Co., New York. 89 Aldrich [1893:94]. 90 New York, Tax Assessment Roll of Real and Personal Estates, 1799-1804. Ancestry.com online http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=6771. NYTaxList 1799:Jerusalem. 91 1800Seneca. 92 OntCoNYArch. Mortgage Records, Liber 1, pp. 334-336. 93 2 2 1800Seneca: ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG JR, p. 500, Line 8; JAMES ARMSTRONG, p. 500, line 5; 2 1 1 GEORGE ARMSTRONG, p. 504, line 17; THOMAS HOWARD, p. 512, line 5; and ANTHONY II TRIMMER, p. 500, line 26. 94 1800Seneca, p. 462, Line 17. 95 NYTaxList 1800:Jerusalem. 96 NYTaxList 1800-1804: Various. 97 Mathews, Lois Kimball. The Expansion of New England: The spread of new England Settlement and Institutions to the Mississippi River, 1620-1865. New England Historic Genealogical Society, Boston, 2012 (reprint of 1909 original). 98 Rose, Gregory S. “South Central Michigan Yankees,” Michigan History, Vol 70, No. 2, March/April 1986, pp. 32-39. 99 1850 U. S. Census, Michigan, (Barry, Branch, Calhoun, Clinton, Eaton, Hillsdale, Ingham, Ionia, Jackson, Kalamazoo, Lenawee, Livingston, St. Joseph, Shiawassee and Washtenaw counties), Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com. 100 Palmer, Dick, et al, Maritime History of the Great Lakes. http://www.maritimehistoryofthegreatlakes.ca/documents/hgl/default.asp?ID=s010 : accessed 7 April 2016, “Chapter 33: After the War of 1812.” 101 Malloy, Jerry M, “Samuel Wilkeson, He Built Buffalo By Building Its Harbor.” The Buffalo History Gazette. 22 March 2013. (http://www.buffalohistorygazette.net/2013_03_01_archive.html : accessed 7 April 2016). 102 Knapp, Horace S. History of the Maumee Valley : commencing with its occupation by the French in 1680, to which is added sketches of some of its moral and material resources as they exist in 1872. Blade, Mammoth Print and Pub. House, Toledo, Ohio, 1872, p. 650. 103 Map Source: Miller, Theodore R. Graphic History of the Americas, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1969, p. 24. 104 Waggoner, Clark (Editor). History of the City of Toledo and Lucas County, Ohio, Munsell & Company Publishers, New York and Toledo, 1888, pp. 690-92. 105 Waggoner [1888:690-92]. 106 Armstrong, Robert. “Will of Robert Armstrong of Fermanagh, Cumberland Co., Pennsylvania”, dated 24 June 1783, proved 21 January 1785, Cumberland Co., Will Book E, p. 11, Cumberland Co., Carlisle, Pennsylvania. Armstrong, George. “Will of George Armstrong of Milford Township, Mifflin Co., Pennsylvania”, dated 4 March 1791, Mifflin Co., Will Book 1, pp. 136-137, Mifflin Co., Lewistown, Pennsylvania. 107 Armstrong [1783]. 108 Armstrong [1791]. 109 Armstrong [1783]. Armstrong [1791]. 110 Egle [1881:88]. 111 PAHisMusCmsn online http://www.digitalarchives.state.pa.us/archive.asp.

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112 Armstrong, William. “Will of Robert Armstrong of Middleton Township, Cumberland Co., Pennsylvania”, dated November 1770, proved 10 January 1771, Will Book ABC, p. 141, Cumberland Co., Carlisle, Pennsylvania. 113 Egle [1885:I:8]. 114 Mifflin Deeds, Deed Book C, pp. 13-15, 1 May 1795. 115 Armstrong, James Lewis, MD, Chronicle of the Armstrongs, The Marion Press, Jamaica, New York, 1902. 116 Mifflin Deeds, Deed Book H, p. 222, recorded 26 April 1808. 117 Mifflin Deeds, Grantee Book B, p. 116, dated 13 May 1782. 118 Mifflin Deeds, Deed Book H, p. 222, recorded 26 April 1808. 119 PennArch3XX [1898], various years. 120 Pennsylvania Historical & Museum Commission - State Archives, RG-4. Tax & Exoneration Lists, 1762– 1794. Series No. 4.61; Records of the Office of the Comptroller General, RG-4. Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. Online http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=2497. 121 McLean [1832]. 122 PAHisMusCmsn Online http://www.phmc.pa.gov/Archives/Research-Online/Pages/Revolutionary-War- Militia-Cumberland.aspx#.Vsy47pwrKUl. 123 Armstrong [1783]. 124 Armstrong [1783]. 125 Armstrong, George. Revolutionary War Pension Application File #S12005. Dated September 23, 1832. Seen at Fold3.com online http://www.fold3.com/image/23973712/. 126 Armstrong [1783]. 127 PennArch3XX [1898: 712, 717]; PAHisMusCmsnTax. 128 PAHisMusCmsnTax. 129 Ancestry.com.” Pennsylvania, Land Warrants and Applications, 1733-1952.” Database. http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=2350. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc., 2012. 130 Mifflin Deeds, Deed Book H, p. 222, recorded 26 April 1808. 131 Armstrong [1783]. 132 Egle [1885:I:8]. 133 Mifflin County, Pennsylvania, Deed Books, Recorder of Deeds, Mifflin Co. Courthouse, Lewistown, Penn., Grantees Book B, p. 116, 13 May 1782. 134 Egle [1885:572-3]. 135 Egle [1881:6]. 136 Warrant dated 26 Nov 1736 for 204 acres in Paxtang Twp., Lancaster Co. See PAHisMusCmsnLand, Lancaster Co. Warrant Register, p. 1, Warrant A-27. 137 Warrant dated 6 April 1744 for 176 acres in Middleton Twp., Lancaster Co. See PAHisMusCmsnLand, Lancaster Co. Warrant Register, p. 1, Warrant A-82. 138 Warrant dated 27 Jan. 1753 for 150 acres in E. Pennsboro Twp., Cumberland Co. See PAHisMusCmsnLand, Cumberland Co. Warrant Register, p. 1, Warrant A-18. Also Survey dated 9 Aug. 1832 for 110 acres and 80 perches, Survey Book D, p. 202 for Warrant 38 dated 3 Feb. 1755. 139 Warrant dated 3 Feb. 1755 for 100 acres Pennsboro Twp., Cumberland Co. See PAHisMusCmsnLand, Cumberland Co. Warrant Register, p. 1, Warrants A-38 and A-39. 140 Warrant dated 3 June 1762 for 150 acres in Milford Twp., Cumberland Co. See PAHisMusCmsnLand, Cumberland Co. Warrant Register, p. 2, Warrant A-57. 141 PennArchWarrants, Lancaster Co. Warrant Book, p. 3, Warrant A-177. PAHisMusCmsn, Survey Book Q, p. 212. 142 Ellis & Hungerford [1886:I:809]. 143 Ellis & Hungerford [1886:I:836]. 144 1790Mifflin, pp. 131, 139 and 139. 145 PennArch3XX [1898:516]. 146 PennArch3XX [1898:568]. 147 1790Mifflin. 148 PennArch3XX [1898:717]. 149 1790Mifflin. 150 1790Mifflin, p. 105, column 2, line 10. 151 See PATaxList [various towns:various years], Retrospect [2002], and PennArch3XX [1898]. 152 Sources:

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Ancestry.com. Pennsylvania, Tax and Exoneration, 1768-1801 [database on-line]. http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=2497. Provo, UT, : Ancestry.com Operations Inc., 2011. PennArch3XX [1898:various]. Retrospect, Cumberland County Tax Lists, Penn. Archives Retrospective Series CD, Retrospect Publishing, Alexandria, VA, 1st edition, 2002. 153 Sources: Ancestry.com. Pennsylvania, Tax and Exoneration, 1768-1801 [database on-line]. http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=2497. Provo, UT, : Ancestry.com Operations Inc., 2011. PennArch3XX [1898:various]. Retrospect, Cumberland County Tax Lists, Penn. Archives Retrospective Series CD, Retrospect Publishing, Alexandria, VA, 1st edition, 2002. 154 PAHisMusCmsnLand Northumberland Co. Warrant Register, Warrant A-51, p. 4; Ancestry.com PALand http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?indiv=1&db=PAWarrants&gss=angs- d&new=1&rank=1&msT=1&gsfn=Alexander+&gsfn_x=0&gsln=Armstrong&gsln_x=NP_NN_NS&_82004400__f tp=Northumberland+County%2c+Pennsylvania%2c+USA&_82004400=2193&_82004400_PInfo=7- %7c0%7c1652393%7c0%7c2%7c3244%7c41%7c0%7c2193%7c0%7c0%7c&_82004400_x=1&_82004400__ftp_x =1&_81004401__int=1788&_81004401__int_x=1&MSAV=0&uidh=v51&pcat=36&fh=0&h=165969&recoff=5+6 &ml_rpos=1. 155 Mifflin Deeds, Deed Book H, p. 222, 1808. 156 Sexton [1883:268]. 157 Armstrong [1783]. 158 McLean [1984]. 159 Anders, Carol A. Email to the Author, "Re: Armstrongs of Ontario Co., New York etc.", 27 Dec 2014. 160 Egle, William H., MD (ed.). Notes and Queries: Historical, biographical and Genealogical. Third Series, Vol. 1, Number 8, 1887, pp. 572-3. 161 Data was compiled from Pennsylvania militia and military records in: Pennsylvania Archives, Third Series, Vol. XXIII, Muster Rolls of the Nave and Line, Militia and Rangers 1775-1783 with List of Pensioners 1818-1832. William Henry Egle, M. D. (compiler), 1897, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Wm. Stanley Ray State Printer, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania Archives, Fifth Series, Vol. II, Miscellaneous Pennsylvania and Continental Units 1775-1783. William Henry Egle (compiler). Thomas Lynch Montgomery (ed.), 1906, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania Archives, Fifth Series Vol. IV, Continental line (continued), 1777-1783, invalid regiment, depreciation pay, pension applications. Thomas Lynch Montgomery (ed.), Harrisburg, Penn.: Harrisburg Publishing Co., State Printer, 1906. Pennsylvania Archives, Fifth Series, Vol. VI, Muster Rolls Relating to the Associators and Militia of the County of Cumberland. William Henry Egle (compiler), Thomas Lynch Montgomery (ed.), 1906, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. 1 1832 Revolutionary War pension application of JOHN S. MCLEAN (see McLean [1832]). Armstrong [1832]. 162 PennArch5IV [1906], various pages. 163 PennArch5IV [1906], various pages. 164 PennArch3XXIII [1897], various pages. 165 PennArch3XXIII [1897:689]. 166 PennArch5VI [1906:635-6]. 167 PennArch5VI [1906:178-9,192-4]. 168 PennArch3XXIII [1897:267]. 169 PennArch5IV [1906:619]. 170 PennArch5IV [1906:278]. 171 PennArch5IV [1906:619]. 172 PennArch5IV [1906:278]. 173 PennArch3XXIII [1897:271]. 174 PennArch5IV [1906:619]. 175 PennArch5IV [1906:278]. 176 PennArch3XXIII [1897:446].

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177 PennArch5VI [1906:250]. 178 PennArch3XXIII [1897:446], PennArch5VI [1906:35]. 179 PennArch3XXIII [1897:447]. 180 PennArch3XXIII [1897:677], PennArch5VI [1906:478]. 181 PennArch3XXIII [1897:483]. 182 PennArch3XXIII [1897:644]. 183 PennArch3XXIII [1897:259]. 184 PennArch5IV [1906:619]. 185 PennArch5VI [1906:242]. 186 PennArch3XXIII [1897:447]. 187 PennArch5VI [1906:56]. 188 Armstrong [1832]. 189 PennArch5VI [1906:259]. 190 Armstrong [1832]. 191 PennArch3XXIII [1897:678], PennArch5VI [1906:479]. 192 PennArch5VI [1906:632]. 193 PennArch3XXIII [1897:783]. PennArch5VI [1906:573]. 194 Patterson [2008]. 195 NYTaxList 1799:Jerusalem. 196 PennArch3XX [1898]. 197 1800 U. S. Census, Pennsylvania, Cumberland County, Carlisle Township, Series: M32; Roll: 38; Image: 106; Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com. Family History Library Film: 363341. 198 1800Seneca, p. 500, line 5. 199 1800Senecap. 500, Line 8. 200 1800Seneca, p. 504, line 17. 201 1800 U. S. Census, New York, Ontario County, Jerusalem Township, Series: M32; Roll: 28; Family History Library Film: 193716. Digital images. Ancestry.com. http://www.ancestry.com. p. 462, line 16. 202 1800Jerusalem, p. 462, Line 16; 1800Seneca, p. 504, line 17. 203 Cleveland [1873:I:300]. 204 Cleveland [1873:I:300]. 205 NYTaxList 1799-1804, Various. 206 NYTaxList 1799:Jerusalem. 207 NYTaxList 1800:Seneca. 208 NYTaxList 1800:Jerusalem. 209 NYTaxList 1801:Seneca. 210 NYTaxList 1801:Jerusalem. 211 NYTaxList 1802:Seneca. 212 NYTaxList 1802:Jerusalem. 213 NYTaxList 1803:Seneca. 214 NYTaxList 1803:Vernon. 215 NYTaxList 1804:Seneca. 216 NYTaxList 1803:Vernon. 217 Cleveland [1873:I:300]. 218 Turner [1851:O-517]. 219 1800Jerusalem, 1800Seneca. 220 Armstrong [1832]. 221 Cleveland {1873:I:740]. 222 NYTaxList 1800:Seneca. 223 NYTaxList 1800:Jerusalem. 224 1810 U. S. Census, New York, Ontario County, Seneca Township, Roll: 33; Image: 00247; Family History Library Film: 0181387. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com. 225 1820 U. S. Census, New York, Ontario County, Seneca Township, Roll: M33_62; Image: 146. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com. 226 1830 U. S. Census, New York, Ontario County, Seneca Township, Series: M19; Roll: 101; Page: 67; Family History Library Film: 0017161. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com.

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227 1840 U. S. Census, New York, Ontario County, Seneca Township, Roll: 319; Image: 198; Family History Library Film: 0017201. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com. 228 FindAGrave.com. Memorial #50711808. 229 1810 U. S. Census, New York, Ontario County, Benton Township, Roll: 33; Image: 00158; Family History Library Film: 0181387. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com. 230 1820 U. S. Census, New York, Ontario County, Benton Township, Roll: M33_62; Image: 142. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com. 231 1830 U. S. Census, New York, Ontario County, Benton Township, Series: M19; Roll: 117; Family History Library Film: 0017177. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com. 232 Armstrong [1832]. 233 FindAGrave.com. Memorial #29273970. 234 1820Seneca. 1830Seneca. 235 Armstrong [1832]. 236 Ancestry.com. “U.S. General Land Office Records, 1796-1907.” Database. http://www.ancestry.com. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc., 2008. Record seen at http://search.ancestry.com/cgi- bin/sse.dll?indiv=1&dbid=2075&h=11437&ssrc=pt&tid=17384233&pid=18016560644&usePUB=true 237 FindAGrave.com. Memorial #57325001. Also see comments on this Alexander by Kathy Alvis Patterson at Patterson [2008] and Patterson [2015]. 238 Ellis & Hungerford [1886:838]. 239 NYTaxList 1801:Jerusalem. 240 Record of the filing of the bill of reviver is in Williamson, Charles vs Epenetus Hart, et al. NY State Archives Record Series J0070-82, NY State Court of Chancery - Chancery Papers: Box 404, Case File W734. 241 Erie Society for Genealogical Research. Photocopy of Birth, Marriage and Death Records from the McLean Family Bible, published in "Keystone Kussins," Vol. XXIII, No. 1, (Aug 1984), Erie, Penn., pp. 20-21. 242 Unknown. "Death Announcement- Sarah McLean," Albany Evening Journal, 12, Issue 3626, p. 2 (29 Oct 1841). 243 FindAGrave.com. Memorial #61653324. 244 Dumas & Conybeare [2008], Volume 1, Torrey Cemeteries: Evergreen Cemetery, p. 38. 245 McLean [1984] and Welker, Dr. Harry L. The Pennsylvania Society of the Sons of the American Revolution Application #50381 (Nat'l) and #2460 (Pennsylvania State), John McLean, 10 March 1930. 246 FindAGrave.com. Memorial #28579214. 247 FindAGrave.com. Memorial #29273970. 248 “Cemetery Burials in Yates County (New York)”, Yates County Historian's Website. Online http://www.yatescounty.org/upload/12/historian/Torrey/MOUNT%20PLEASANT%20CEMETERY.htm. Also published as: Dumas, Fran and Sherry E. Conybeare (compilers). Yates County Cemeteries. 6 Volumes. Yates County Genealogical and Historical Society. Penn Yan, N.Y. 2008. Vol. III – Cemeteries in the Town of Torrey. 249 CemBur Part III: Cemeteries in the Town of Torrey. 250 FindAGrave.com. Online http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=41906858. Find A Grave Memorial #41906858. 251 FindAGrave.com. Memorial #41906858. 252 FindAGrave.com. Memorial #41906931. 253 FindAGrave.com. Memorial #41906858; Find A Grave Memorial #41906931. 254 FindAGrave.com. Memorial #11034410. 255 FindAGrave.com. Memorial #11034410. 256 Jacobus, Donald Lines. History and Genealogy of the Families of Old Fairfield, 1930 (1976 Reprint), Three volumes. Genealogical Publishing Co., Baltimore, Volume II, Part 1, p. 235. Chapman [1854:227]. 257 Jacobus [1930:II:1:235]. 258 FindAGrave.com. Memorial #102177543. 259 FindAGrave.com. Memorial #102177543. 260 Jacobus [1930:II:1:235] 261 DAR Application #475210. 262 FindAGrave.com. Memorial #110423024. 263 FindAGrave.com. Memorial #110423024. 264 FindAGrave.com. Memorial #113409714. 265 FindAGrave.com. Memorial #29288170.

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266 FindAGrave.com. Memorial #66984921. 267 FindAGrave.com. Memorial #108519087. 268 FindAGrave.com. Memorial #119904836. 269 FindAGrave.com. Memorial #21230238. 270 FindAGrave.com. Memorial #5870624. 271 Patterson [2008]. 272 CemBur Part III: Cemeteries in the Town of Torrey. 273 CemBur Part III: Cemeteries in the Town of Torrey. 274 "Pennsylvania Marriages, 1709-1940," database, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:V26G-1M2 : accessed 15 March 2016), Alexander Armstrong and Mary Murray, 01 Mar 1781; citing Northeast Madison Township, Perry, Pennsylvania; FHL microfilm 982,288. 275 Chapman [1854:227]; Jacobus [1930:II:1:235]. 276 Chapman [1854:227]; Jacobus [1930:II:1:235]. 277 FindAGrave.com. Memorial #57325043. 278 FindAGrave.com Memorial #6897811. 279 1850Washtenaw, p. 496B, Line 28. 280 FindAGrave.com Memorial #6897811. 281 1850Washtenaw, p. 496-B, line 29. 282 FindAGrave.com Memorial #5732489. 283 See 1840 U. S. Census, Michigan, Washtenaw County, Freedom Township, Roll: 211; Family History Library Film: 0014797. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com, p. 149, line 24; see 1850Washtenaw, p. 496B, Lines 28-35; and see 1860 U.S. Census, Michigan, Washtenaw County, Lodi Township, Roll: M653_563; Family History Library Film: 803563. Digital images, p. 278, lines 14-19; as well as Ancestry.com online. http://person.ancestry.com/tree/17384233/person/18033295887/facts. 284 FindAGrave.com Memorial #6897811. 285 See FindAGrave.com Memorial #5732507. 286 See FindAGrave.com Memorial #5732507. 287 Information regarding children is taken from the 1850, and 1860 U. S. censuses for Lodi, Washtenaw Co., Mich. See 1850Washtenaw and 1860 U. S. Census, Michigan, Washtenaw County, Lodi Township, Roll: M653_563; Page: 278; Image: 278; Family History Library Film: 803563. Digital images. Ancestry.com. http://www.ancestry.com. 288 “Annotated Record of the US Census, 1850” for Pottawattamie Co.., Iowa. Online at www.Ancestry.com at http://search.ancestry.com/cgi- bin/sse.dll?indiv=1&dbid=3208&h=4685&ssrc=pt&tid=17384233&pid=505145260&usePUB=true. 289 www.Ancestry.com at http://person.ancestry.com/tree/17384233/person/505145260/facts. 290 See FindAGrave.com Memorial #5732497. 291 Unknown. Portrait and Biographical Album of Ionia & Montcalm Counties, Mich. Chapman Bros., Chicago. 1891, p. 771. 292 Information regarding children is taken from 1870 U. S. Census, Michigan, Ionia County, Ionia Township, Roll: M593_676; Image: 273; Family History Library Film: 552175. Digital images. Ancestry.com. http://www.ancestry.com. 293 Information regarding children is taken from 1870Ionia (p. 471 A) and "Michigan Deaths and Burials, 1800- 1995," database, FamilySearch ( https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:FHN8-H8Z: accessed 8 September 2015), Wuster, 26 Sep 1875; citing “Ionia, Ionia, Mich., reference v A p 108; FHL microfilm 960,505.” 294 Armstrong [1832]. 295 Howe, Henry. Historical Collections of Ohio. Cincinnati: Henry Howe at E. Morgan & Co., 1854, p. 153. 296 1840York, p. 45, line 5. 297 1840York, p. 44, line 3. 298 1850 U. S. Census, Michigan, Hillsdale County, Allen Township, Roll: M432_351. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com, 21 Sept. 1850, page 417-A, lines 21-26; 1850 Michigan State Agricultural Census, Hillsdale County, Allen Township. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com., 16 Sept. 1850, p. 651, line 16. 299 Map Source: Eichholz, Alice (editor). Ancestry’s Redbook American State County & Town Sources. Revised Edition. Ancestry. Salt Lake City, 1992. Maps by William Dollarhide, p. 582.

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300 1860 U. S. Census, Indiana, Marshall County, West Township, Roll: M653_178. Family History Library Film: 803278. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com, 1 July 1860, p. 664, lines 17-22. 301 FindAGrave.com. Memorial #102177543. 302 Ancestry.com Land, online http://search.ancestry.com/cgi- bin/sse.dll?indiv=1&dbid=1246&h=862751&ssrc=pt&tid=17384233&pid=18016560644&usePUB=true; United States, Bureau of Land Management. Michigan Pre-1908 Homestead & Cash Entry Patent and Cadastral Survey Plat Index. General Land Office Automated Records Project, 1994. Digital images. Ancestry.com online http://www.ancestry.com. “Michigan, Homestead and Cash Entry Patents, Pre-1908”. Provo, Utah, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc., 1997. http://search.ancestry.com/cgi- bin/sse.dll?indiv=1&dbid=2075&h=11437&ssrc=pt&tid=17384233&pid=18016560644&usePUB=true. 303 1840 U. S. Census, Michigan, Washtenaw County, Freedom Township, Roll: 211; Family History Library Film: 0014797. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com, p. 149, line 20. 304 FindAGrave.com. Memorial #57325043. 305 Map produced by the author using: Progeny Genealogy. Map My Family Tree. Version 1.5. Progeny Genealogy, Inc., New Minas, Nova Scotia. 2013. 306 Map Source: Miller [1969:55]. 307 Ellis & Hungerford [1886:I:838-9]. 308 Ellis & Hungerford [1886:I:838-9]. 309 NYTaxList 1801:Jerusalem; Williamson vs Hart. 310 Ellis & Hungerford [1886:I:832]. 311 The Carlisle Gazette and the Western Repository of Knowledge, Carlisle, Pennsylvania. (Published 1785- 1794) , July 25, 1793. Seen at GenealogyBank.com http://www.genealogybank.com/explore/newspapers/all/usa/pennsylvania/carlisle/carlisle-gazette. 312 Ellis & Hungerford [1886:838-9]. 313 Armstrong [1783]. 314 Map Source: AncestorTracks.com. Online http://ancestortracks.com/Mifflin%20Co/1886_township_map_Mifflin_Juniata_Perry_Union_Snyder_from_Everts.j pg. 315 Ellis & Hungerford [1886:I:838]. 316 MacInnes, Sharon Cook, Ph.D. First Landowners of Pennsylvania: Colonial and State Patent Registers in the Penn. Archives, Harrisburg 1684-c 1957: Indexes to Names of Patentees in the Original Warrants, Surveys & Patents for Land Transferred from Penn. to Private Owners. CD-ROM (5810 Kingstowne Center, Suite 120, Alexandria, VA 22315: Ancestor Tracks, 2006). Land Records Penn., Patent Index #2, Series P, Vol. P-1 through P- 19, 1781-1794, p. 121. 317 Ellis & Hungerford [1886:I:832]. 318 Ellis & Hungerford [1886:I:750]. 319 Ellis & Hungerford [1886:I:838]. 320 PennArch3XX [1898:78]. 321 Ellis & Hungerford [1886:I:838]. 322 PennArch3XX [1898:195]. 323 PennArch3XX [1898:331]. 324 PennArch3XX [1898:564]. 325 PennArch3XX [1898:616]. 326 PennArch3XX [1898:714]. 327 PATaxList [1785:Fermanagh] State Tax. 328 PAHisMusCmsnLand, Patent Register P. No. 4. “from September 16, 1785 to January 13, 1786,” p. 121, Patent #104. 329 PATaxList [1786:Fermanagh] State Tax. 330 PATaxList [1786:Fermanagh] Supply Rates. 331 PATaxList [1787:Fermanagh] State Tax. 332 PATaxList [1787:Fermanagh] Supply Rates. 333 PennArchWarrants. Cumberland County Warrant Register, p. 73. 334 PennArchWarrants. Warrant #333; PAHisMusCmsnLand: Patent Register Index, Vol. P-1 through P-19, p. 140; PAHisMusCmsnLand: Copied Land Records, Patent Dated August 24, 1791, Patents Vol. P, No. 18, p. 201; Survey Book vol. C, No. 74, p. 210.

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335 Ellis & Hungerford [1886:I:420]. 336 PennArchWarrants; PAHisMusCmsnLand: Cumberland County Warrant Register, p. 73, Warrant H-333; PAHisMusCmsnLand: Copied Land Records, Survey Book C-90, pp. 218-9, and reverse 337 PennArchWarrants; PAHisMusCmsnLand: Northumberland County Warrant Register, p. 121, Warrant H- 465. 338 PAHisMusCmsnLand: Copied Land Records, Survey Book D-39, pp. 121 and reverse. 339 PATaxList [1788:Fermanagh] State Tax. 340 PATaxList [1788:Fermanagh] Supply Rates. 341 PATaxList [1788:Greenwood] Supply Rates. 342 PATaxList [1788:Milford] Supply Rates. 343 PATaxList [1789:Fermanagh] State Tax. 344 PATaxList [1789:Fermanagh] Supply Rates. 345 PATaxList [1789:Milford] Supply Rates. 346 PATaxList [1789:Milford] Warranted Lands Tax. 347 1790Mifflin, p. 105, column 2, line 9. 348 CarlGaz, April 27, 1790. 349 Ellis & Hungerford [1883:I:838]. 350 Land Records Penn., Penn. Patent Register Indexes 1684-ca1957, Patent Index #2, Series P, Vol. P-1 through P-19, 1781-1794, p. 140. 351 Mifflin Deeds, PA Deed B-433 Apr. 26, 1794. 352 CarlGaz, 25 July 1793. 353 1790Mifflin, p. 105, column 2, line 9. 354 1790Mifflin, p. 105, column 2, line 9. 355 CarlGaz, 25 July 1793. 356 PennArchWarrants; PAHisMusCmsnLand: Northumberland County Warrant Register, p. 121, Warrant H- 465. 357 Data was compiled from Pennsylvania militia and military records in: Pennsylvania Archives, Third Series, Vol. XXIII, Muster Rolls of the Nave and Line, Militia and Rangers 1775-1783 with List of Pensioners 1818-1832, William Henry Egle, M. D. (compiler), 1897, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Wm. Stanley Ray State Printer, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania Archives, Fifth Series, Vol. II, Miscellaneous Pennsylvania and Continental Units 1775-1783. William Henry Egle (compiler), Thomas Lynch Montgomery (ed.), 1906, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania Archives, Fifth Series Vol. IV, Continental line (continued), 1777-1783, invalid regiment, depreciation pay, pension applications, Thomas Lynch Montgomery (ed.), Harrisburg, Penn.: Harrisburg Publishing Co., State Printer, 1906. Pennsylvania Archives, Fifth Series, Vol. VI, Muster Rolls Relating to the Associators and Militia of the County of Cumberland. William Henry Egle (compiler), Thomas Lynch Montgomery (ed.), 1906, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. 358 PennArch5VI [1906:27]; PennArch3XXIII [1897:446]. 359 PennArch5VI [1906:35]; PennArch3XXIII [1897:446]. 360 PennArch5VI [1906:255]. 361 PennArch5VI [1906:477]; PennArch3XXIII [1897:676]. 362 PennArch5VI [1906:651]. 363 PennArch5VI [1906:508]; PennArch3XXIII [1897:781]. 364 PennArch5IV [1906], various pages. 365 PennArch5IV [1906], various pages. 366 PennArch3XXIII [1897], various pages. 367 Barber, John W. and Henry Howe. Historical Collections of the State of New York; Containing a General Collection of the Most Interesting Facts, Traditions, Biographical Sketches, Anecdotes, &c. S. Tuttle, 196 Chatham- Square, NY: "Published for the Authors", 1846, p. 409. 368 Ontario County Records and Archives Center, Canandaigua, Ontario Co., New York. Liber 1, pp. 334-336. This land is in 1811 taken for public auction because of the failure to repay the mortgage, in an action recorded in OntCoNyArch Mortgage Liber 5, pp. 487-488, dated 14 October1811. 369 OntCoNYArch, Liber 11, p. 228.

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370 Land Records Transmitted from Ontario County to Yates County, NY: Vol. 1, pp. 312-313. Mortgage record seen and copied by G Vaut on 8 Dec 2014, nd. 371 Seneca [1793-1887]. 372 Milliken, Charles F. A History of Ontario County, New York and Its People. New York: Lewis Historical Publishing Co., 1911, pp. 181-2. 373 Geneva Gazette, 27 Nov. 1833 (reprint of 14 Dec. 1797 announcement from the Bath Gazette), p.3. Seen at Hobart and William Smith Colleges Website: Library Home >Archives and Special Collections >Local Newspapers >Geneva Newspaper Index. Online https://library.hws.edu/archives/newspapers/gni.cfm?index=x. Also at NYS Historic Newspapers Project, online http://www.nyshistoricnewspapers.org/. 374 OntCoNYArch, Deed Records Liber 10, pp. 202-3. 375 Dumas, Fran. Email message to the author, "Scans." 8 March 2016. 376 Plum [1798]. 377 YCHO Steuben/Yates [nd:1:104-107]. 378 NYTaxList 1800:Seneca. 379 NYTaxList 1801:Jerusalem. 380 NYTaxList 1800-1804, Various. 381 Land Records Transferred from Ontario Co. to Yates Co., New York: Vol 1, pp. 399-400. 382 Williamson vs Hart. 383 Giles, Jacob. A New Law-Dictionary Containing Interpretation and Definition of Words. 7th edition. In the Savoy, London. 1756. p. 708. 384 Cleveland [1873:II:858-9]. 385 The Albany Gazette, Albany, New York. 23 August 1802, p. 4, column 3. 386 See NYTaxList 1804:Vernon. 387 GenGaz, August 3, 1814, p. 4, columns 3 and 4. 388 Cleveland [1873:II:857, 859]. 389 1790Mifflin. 390 See Cleveland [1873:I:222]. 391 Minch [2004]. 392 Paxton, W. M., Annals of Platte County, Missouri, From its Exploration Down to June 1, 1897; with Genealogies of Its Noted Families and Sketches of Its Pioneers and Distinguished People. (Kansas City, Mo.: Hudson-Kimberly Publishing Co., 1897). p. 129. 393 1850 U. S. Census, Missouri, Franklin County, District 31, Roll: M432_399; Image: 149. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com. p. 73-A, lines 8-12. 394 1790 U. S. Census, North Carolina, Rowan County. Series: M637; Roll: 7; Image 258. Digital images. Ancestry.com. http://www.ancestry.com. Family History Library Film: 0568147, p. 340, line 9. 395 1870 U. S. Census, Missouri, Franklin County, Washington Township, Roll: M593_676;Image: 749; Family History Library Film: 552274. Digital images. Ancestry.com. http://www.ancestry.com, p. 373, lines 12-18. 396 NYTaxList 1804:Vernon, p.16. 397 Hankins [1901:32]. 398 1820 U. S. Census, New York, Ontario County, Canandaigua Township, Roll: M33_62; Image: 117. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com, p. 213, line 26. 399 FindAGrave.com. Memorial #59739088. 400 Cleveland [1873:II:834]. 401 1830 U. S. Census, New York, Ontario County, Canandaigua Township, Series: M19; Roll: 101. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com, p. 213, line 26. 402 NYTaxList 1804:Seneca, p. 16. 403 GenGaz, 11 January 1815, p. 3. Seen on 7 Nov 2015 at http://www.nyshistoricnewspapers.org/lccn/sn83031109/1815-01-11/ed-1/seq-3/. 404 Shattuck, Lemuel. Memorials of the Descendants of William Shattuck, the Progenitor of the Families in America that Have Borne his Name. Boston, MA: Dutton and Wentworth, 1855. p. 233. 405 1820 U. S. Census, New York, Ontario County, Canandaigua Township, Roll: M33_62; Image: 117. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com, p. 213, line 26. 406 Hart, Armstrong. “Will of Armstrong Hart of Franklin Co., Missouri”, dated 26 November 1829. Will Book A, pp. 66-70.

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407 Minch [nd],”Murphy Buffum et al”, “Public Member Trees.” Database. Ancestry.com. http://trees.ancestry.com/tree/1227730/person/-1286611612. 408 Minch [nd],”Murphy Buffum et al”, “Public Member Trees.” Database. Ancestry.com. http://trees.ancestry.com/tree/1227730/person/-1286611367. 409 Hart, Susan Ann. “Will of Susan Ann Hart of Seneca, Ontario Co., New York”, dated 16 Dec. 1847, Ontario Co., NY Will Book E, pp. 401-410. 410 Ancestry.com. “Cook County, Illinois, Deaths Index, 1878-1922,” Database. http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=2552. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2011. 411 Shattuck [1835:233]. 412 Shattuck [1835:232]. Place and date of birth also from grave marker at FindAGrave.com. Memorial #59738925. 413 FindAGrave.com Memorial #59738925. 414 William: FindAGrave.com Memorial #59738925; Maria: FindAGrave.com Memorial #59739088. 415 Date of death from FindAGrave.com. Memorial #31429716 and Dumas & Conybeare [2008:5:52]. 416 From FindAGrave.com Memorial #31429716. Also see Dumas & Conybeare [2008:5:52], Penn Yan Cemeteries, Lakeview Cemetery, p. 52. 417 Cleveland [1873:I:834]. 418 Year of birth from Dumas & Conybeare [2008:5:52]. Place of birth from Cleveland [1873:II:834]. 419 Dumas & Conybeare [2008:5:52]. 420 See Conybeare [nd]; Cleveland [1873:II:857-862]; and Conybeare, Sherry. Email message to the author, "Armstrong HART.” 23 Jan 1999. 421 Cleveland [1873:II:857]. 422 Cleveland [1873:II:857]. 423 Cleveland [1873:II:857]. 424 Shelby-Wiscombe [2001]. FindAGrave.com. Memorial #154455673. 425 FindAGrave.com. Memorial #154455673. 426 Williamson vs Hart, Affidavit dated by Isaac Drury of Geneva, Ontario Co. dated 15 April 1802. 427 OntCoNYArch, Deed Records Liber 4, pp. 23-5. 428 OntCoNYArch, Miscellaneous Records, Seneca Town Meeting Notes, 1797, pp. 25-6. 429 OntCoNYArch, Miscellaneous Records, Seneca Town Meeting Notes, 1798, pp. 33-4. 430 Cleveland [1873:II:857]. 431 Cleveland [1873:II:857]. 432 1800Jerusalem, p. 462, line 19 433 1800Jerusalem, p. 462, line 19 434 FindAGrave.com. Memorial #107485174. 435 FindAGrave.com. Memorial #107485199. 436 Epenetus: FindAGrave.com. Memorial #107485174; Eunice: FindAGrave.com. Memorial #107485199. 437 Names of children and birth years are from the 1850, 1860 and 1870 censuses: 1850 U.S. Census, New York, Allegany County, Cuba Township, Roll: M432_476. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com, p. 261-B, lines 20-24. 1860 U.S. Census, Missouri, McHenry County, Chemnung Twp., Roll: M653_202; Family History Library Film: 803202. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com, p. 306, lines 11-16. 438 1850Cuba, p. 261-B, lines 20-24. 1860Chemnung, p. 306, lines 11-16. 439 Research on Families in the History and Directory of Yates County, New York, 1873, online http://freepages.history.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~bbunce77/. Data for Amy Hart seen on RootsWeb Freepages on 10 Oct 2014 at http://freepages.history.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~bbunce77/fam/fam10090.html. 440 Cleveland [1873:II:859]. 441 Cleveland [1873:II:858]. 442 FindAGrave.com. Memorial #114880314. 443 For Amy see FindAGrave.com. Memorial #114880315. For Richard see FindAGrave.com. Memorial #114880314. 444 Williamson vs Hart, Affidavit dated by Isaac Drury of Geneva, Ontario Co. dated 15 April 1802. 445 Cleveland [1873:II:858-9]. 446 Cleveland [1873:II:859]. 447 OntCoNYArch, Deed Records Liber 15, pp. 6-7. 448 OntCoNYArch, Deed Records Liber 15, pp. 6-7; YCHO Ontario/Yates Deed Liber 2, pp. 304-5.

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449 OntCoNYArch, Deed Records Liber 15, p. 3; YCHO Ontario/Yates Deed Liber 2, p. 304. 450 1810 U.S. Census, New York, Cayuga County, Scipio Township, Roll: 31; Family History Library Film: 0181385. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com, p. 1211, line 13. 451 1820 U.S. Census, New York, Ontario County, Middlesex Township, Roll: M33_62. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com, p. 73, line 24. 452 1830 U.S. Census, New York, Yates County, Middlesex Township, Series: M19; Roll: 117; Family History Library Film: 0017177. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com, p. 3, line 16. 453 1840 U.S. Census, New York, Yates County, Potter Township, Roll: 351; Family History Library Film: 0017210. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com, p. 360, line 9; 1860 U.S. Census, New York, Yates County, Middlesex Township, Roll: M653_885; Family History Library Film: 803885. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com, p. 918, lines 4-11. 454 Cleveland [1873:II:859]. 455 Cleveland [1873:II:859]. 456 Dumas & Conybeare [2008], Vol. 2, Potter Cemeteries, Nettle Valley Cemetery, p. 48. 457 Cleveland [1873:II:860]. 458 Dumas & Conybeare [2008], Vol. 2, Potter Cemeteries, Nettle Valley Cemetery, p. 48. 459 Cleveland [1873:II:860]. 460 Dumas & Conybeare [2008], Vol. 2, Potter Cemeteries, Nettle Valley Cemetery, p. 48. 461 Cleveland [1873:II:862]. 462 Dumas & Conybeare [2008], Vol. 2, Potter Cemeteries, Nettle Valley Cemetery, p. 35. 463 Cleveland [1873:II:862]. 464 Dumas & Conybeare [2008], Vol. 2, Potter Cemeteries, Nettle Valley Cemetery, p. 35. 465 Dumas & Conybeare [2008], Vol. 2, Potter Cemeteries, Nettle Valley Cemetery, p. 35. 466 Names of children are from Cleveland [1873:II:862] and grave marker information in Dumas & Conybeare [2008], Vol. 2, Potter Cemeteries, Nettle Valley Cemetery, p. 35. 467 Cleveland [1873:II:862]; Dumas & Conybeare [2008], Vol. 2, Potter Cemeteries, Nettle Valley Cemetery, p. 48. 468 Dumas & Conybeare [2008], Vol. 2, Potter Cemeteries, Nettle Valley Cemetery, p. 48. 469 FindAGrave.com. Memorial #68542626. 470 FindAGrave.com. Memorial #68542625. 471 Williamson vs Hart, Affidavit dated by Isaac Drury of Geneva, Ontario Co. dated 15 April 1802. 472 OntCoNYArch, Deed Records Liber 15, pp. 6-7; YCHO Ontario/Yates Deed Liber 2, pp. 304-5. 473 FindAGrave.com. Memorial #68542626. 474 Shattuck [1855:233]. 475 Shattuck [1855:232]; FindAGrave.com. Memorial #59738925. 476 FindAGrave.com. Memorial #59738925. 477 FindAGrave.com. Memorial #59738925. 478 Williamson vs Hart, Affidavit dated by Isaac Drury of Geneva, Ontario Co. dated 15 April 1802. 479 1820Benton, p. 254, line 6. 480 Shattuck [1855:153]. 481 1830 U.S. Census, New York, Steuben County, Prattsburg Township, Series: M19; Roll: 107; Family History Library Film: 0017167. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com, p. 452, line 13. 482 1840 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, Warren County, Elk Township, Roll: 500; Family History Library Film: 0020560. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com, p. 399, line 3. 483 See: 1850 U.S. Census, New York, Cattaraugus County, Randolph Township, Roll: M432_479. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com, p. 93-B, lines 7-18; 1855 New York State Census, Randolph Township, Cattaraugus Co., New. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com, p. 238, lines 34-40; 1860 U.S. Census, New York, Cattaraugus County, Randolph Township, Roll: M653_726; Family History Library Film: 803726. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com, p. 681, lines 37-39; and 1865 New York State Census, Randolph Township, Cattaraugus Co., New. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com, p. 303, lines 41-45. 484 See 1875 New York State Census, Cold Spring Township, Cattaraugus Co., New. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com, p. 271, lines 16-18; and 1880 U.S. Census, New York, Cattaraugus County, Cold Spring Township, Roll: 811. Family History Library Film: 1254811. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com, p. 87-C, lines 6-8.

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485 1889 Washington Territorial Census, “Washington State and Territorial Censuses, 1857-1892,” Ancestry.com. Database. http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=1018. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2006. 486 Cleveland [1873:I:222]; FindAGrave.com Memorial #59964863. 487 FindAGrave.com Memorial #59738925; Dumas & Conybeare [2008], Volume 5, Lakeview Cemetery, The Free Ground, p. 24. 488 Dumas & Conybeare [2008], Volume 5, Lakeview Cemetery, The Free Ground, p. 24. 489 Shattuck [1855:233]. 490 Cleveland [1873:I:222]; FindAGrave.com Memorial # 121840917. 491 Shattuck [1855:233]; FindAGrave.com Memorial # 121840917. 492 Shattuck [1855:233]; FindAGrave.com Memorial # 121840917. 493 Schenck, J. S. History of Warren County Pennsylvania with Illustrations and Biographical Sketches of Some of its Prominent Men and Pioneers. D. Mason & Co., Syracuse. 1887, pp. 637-8. 494 Schenck [1887:637-8]. 495 FindAGrave.com Memorial # 161685983. 496 FindAGrave.com Memorial # 161685983. 497 Names and years of birth of the children are from the 1860 and 1870 U.S. censuses: 1860 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, Warren County, Glade Township, Roll: M653_1190. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com. Family History Library Film: 805190, p. 886, lines 8-14; 1870 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, Warren County, Glade Township, Roll: M593_1461. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com. Family History Library Film: 522960, p. 194-B, lines 21-29. 498 FindAGrave.com Memorial # 59964188. 499 FindAGrave.com Memorial # 59964188. 500 Shattuck [1855:233]. 501 Shattuck [1855:233]. 502 Shattuck [1855:233]. 503 Shattuck [1855:233]; 1855 New York State Census, Randolph Township, Cattaraugus Co., New. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com, p. 238, lines 34-40, family 29. 504 Shattuck [1855:233]; 1855 New York State Census, Randolph Township, Cattaraugus Co., New. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com, p. 238, lines 34-40, family 29. 505 FindAGrave.com Memorial # 61766562. 506 FindAGrave.com Memorial # 61766562. 507 Shattuck [1855:233]; 1855 New York State Census, Randolph Township, Cattaraugus Co., New. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com, p. 238, lines 34-40, family 29. 508 Shattuck [1855:233]; 1855 New York State Census, Randolph Township, Cattaraugus Co., New. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com, p. 238, lines 34-40, family 29. 509 Shattuck [1855:233]; 1855 New York State Census, Randolph Township, Cattaraugus Co., New. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com, p. 238, lines 34-40, family 29. 510 FindAGrave.com Memorial # 59964425. 511 FindAGrave.com Memorial # 59964425. 512 Williamson vs Hart, Affidavit dated by Isaac Drury of Geneva, Ontario Co. dated 15 April 1802. 513 1810Benton, p. 662, line 12. 514 Williamson vs Hart, Affidavit dated by Isaac Drury of Geneva, Ontario Co. dated 15 April 1802. 515 Cleveland [1873:II:858-9]. 516 GenGaz, 11 January 1815, p. 3. Seen on 7 Nov 2015 at http://www.nyshistoricnewspapers.org/lccn/sn83031109/1815-01-11/ed-1/seq-3/. 517 Date of death from FindAGrave.com. Memorial #83786968. 518 Place of death from “Missouri Death Records, 1834-1910”, Database. Ancestry.com. http://www.ancestry.com : 2008. 519 MOMarriages at http://search.ancestry.com/cgi- bin/sse.dll?viewrecord=1&r=an&db=MOmarriages&indiv=try&h=11136853. 520 Date of birth from FindAGrave.com. Memorial #83787357. 521 Place of birth from 1850Dist31, p. 73A, lines 8-12, dwelling 836, family 836. Also 1860 U. S. Census, Missouri, Johnson County, Washington Twp., Roll: M653_626; Page: 874; Image: 405; lines 8-16, dwelling 979, family 1057; Family History Library Film: 803626. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com.

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522 FindAGrave.com. Memorial #83787357. 523 Albert from FindAGrave.com. Memorial #83786968. Catherine from FindAGrave.com. Memorial #83787357. 524 Dates and places of birth and death from Missouri Death certificate no. 16350, dated June 1, 1913 from “Missouri Death Certificates, 1910 – 1964.” Database. Missouri Digital Heritage. http://www.sos.mo.gov/mdh/. 20007-2014. 525 Dates and places of birth and death from FindAGrave.com. Memorial #87243888. 526 FindAGrave.com. Memorials # 127695879 and # 87243888. 527 “Missouri, Marriage Records, 1805-2002.” Database. Ancestry.com. http://www.ancestry.com : 2007. For marriage record cited see: http://search.ancestry.com/cgi- bin/sse.dll?db=MOmarriages&h=11133318&ti=0&indiv=try&gss=pt&ssrc=pt_t1227730_p- 1968652179_kpidz0q3d-1968652179z0q26pgz0q3d32768z0q26pgplz0q3dpid. 528 Map Source: Miller [1969:24]. 529 Gregory, Ralph, A History of Washington, Missouri, Washington Preservation, Inc. and Washington Historical Society, Washington, Mo.. Second printing March 2010, pp. 1, 2, 7, 46. 530 Ancestry.com, “Missouri, Wills and Probate Records, 1766-1988.” Database. http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=9071. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2015. 531 Gregory [2010:7]. 532 Minch [nd]. “Murphy Buffum et al”, “Public Member Trees.” Database. Ancestry.com. http://trees.ancestry.com/tree/1227730/person/-1968652179/storyx/52962ada-4994-4eeb-a758- 7b85ebaf97a0?src=search. 533 Goodspeed Publishers, History of Franklin, Jefferson, Washington, Crawford & Gasconade Counties, Missouri, Original: Goodspeed Publisher, 1888. Reprint: Ramfre Publishers, Cape Girardeau, Missouri. 1958, p. 287. 534 “Missouri, Marriage Records, 1805-2002,” database, Ancestry.com (http://www.ancestry.com: 2007:accessed 3 November 2015), entry for Kinkead Caldwell, marriage record, 10 August 1828. Original data: Missouri Marriage Records. Jefferson City, Mo., : Missouri State Archives. Microfilm. From Franklin Co., Missouri Marriage Book – 1828. 535 United States. Bureau of Land Management, General Land Office Records. Automated Records Project; Federal Land Patents, State Volumes. http://www.glorecords.blm.gov/. Springfield, Virginia: Bureau of Land Management, Eastern States, 2007. Also seen at “U.S. General Land Office Records, 1796-1907,” database, Ancestry.com, http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=1246. 536 Map Source: Standard Atlas of Franklin County, Missouri. George A. Ogle & Co. Publishers, Chicago, 1919. Image copyrighted by Historic Map Works, http://www.historicmapworks.com/. 537 The Beacon Newspaper, 16 January 1830. Transcribed for publication in the 1984 St. Louis Genealogical Society Quarterly, Vol. 17 No. 4, pp. 115-116; Vol. 18 No. 1, pp. 15-17. 538 Franklin Co., Mo., Will Book A, Pages 66-70. Also seen at Ancestr.com online http://trees.ancestry.com/tree/1227730/person/-1968652179/storyx/cf993880-6a6d-42b8-b600- 0b45692f18d5?src=search. 539 Hart [1829]. 540 Franklin Co., Missouri Probate Records Register, 1822-1844, Surnames Beginning with H. These records can be seen at “Wills and Probate Records, 1766-1988” [database on-line]. Provo, UT, : Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2015. http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=9071. 541 1850 U.S. Census, New York, Allegany County, Cuba Township, Roll: M432_476. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com, p. 261-B, lines 20-24. 1860 U.S. Census, Missouri, McHenry County, Chemnung Twp., Roll: M653_202; Family History Library Film: 803202. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com, p. 306, lines 11-16. 542 Map Source: Miller [1969:24]. 543 Ancestry.com. “Sons of the American Revolution Membership Applications, 1889-1970.” Database. http://www.ancestry.com. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2011. Original data: National Society of the sons of the American Revolution. Louisville, Kentucky. Microfilm. See Reid, Earl Augustus, The Ohio Society of the Sons of the American Revolution Application #40442 (Nat'l) - #1851 (Ohio State) Thomas Howard, 23 Sept. 1924.

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544 Ancestry.com SAR; Reid [1924]. Also: Membership application, Mayse Crafton Howard Gauterau. National no. Daughters of the American Revolution, National Society. National Society. Office of the Registrar General, Washington D. C. Wauseon Ohio Chapter Application, No. 138038, Ancestor – Thomas Howard, 22 Jan. 1918. 545 FindAGrave.com, Memorial #21784939. 546 FindAGrave.com, Memorial #21784939. 547 For census see 1800Seneca, p. 512, line 5. For obituary see GenGaz [26 Sept. 1810], p. 2, column 3. 548 GenGaz [26 Sept. 1810], p. 2, column 3. 549 Birth and death data from DAR Application [138038] and Lozer, Mark, “The Thomas & Elizabeth Howard Family”, electronic file. 2015. 550 DAR Application [138038], Lozer [2015]. 551 Lozer [2015]. 552 Ancestry.com SAR [40442]. 553 1 See PennArch5VI [1906:252] for this first recorded military record for THOMAS . 554 Ancestry.com SAR; Reid [1924]. Daughters of the American Revolution, National Society. National Society. Office of the Registrar General, Washington D. C. Wauseon Ohio Chapter Application, No. 138038: Mayse Crafton Howard Gauterau, Ancestor – Thomas Howard, 22 Jan. 1918. 555 1779 Supply Rates, Fermanagh, Cumberland Co., Penn., Freemen, p. 94, line 11 (top of page). Image seen on Ancestry.com. Pennsylvania, Tax and Exoneration, 1768-1801 [database on-line]. http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=2497. Provo, Utah: Ancestry.com Operations Inc., 2011. Also in PennArch3XX [1898:158]. 556 PennArch5VI [1906:252]. 557 Ellis & Hungerford [1886:811-82]. 558 Sources: Ancestry.com. Pennsylvania, Tax and Exoneration, 1768-1801 [database on-line]. http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=2497. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc., 2011. PennArch3XX [1898:various]. Also Retrospect, Cumberland County Tax Lists, Penn. Archives Retrospective Series CD, Retrospect Publishing, Alexandria, VA, 1st edition, 2002. 559 1790Mifflin, p. 105, column 2, line 23. 560 Warrant dated 14 January 1788 for 300 acres in Northumberland Co. See PAHisMusCmsnLand, Northumberland Co. Warrant Register 121, Warrant No. H-469 and Survey dated 10 April 1789 in Survey Book C- 68, p. 121. 561 PAHisMusCmsnLand: Mifflin Co. Warrant Register, p. 156, Warrant H-79. See also PAHisMusCmsnLand: Survey Book C-68, p. 221. 562 PAHisMusCmsnLand: Mifflin Co. Warrant Register, p. 156, Warrant H-144. See also PAHisMusCmsnLand: Survey Book Q, p. 376. 563 Mifflin Co., Deed Book, 1794, pp. 210-1. 564 Data was compiled from Pennsylvania militia and military records in: Pennsylvania Archives, Third Series, Vol. XXIII, Muster Rolls of the Nave and Line, Militia and Rangers 1775-1783 with List of Pensioners 1818-1832, William Henry Egle, M. D. (compiler), 1897, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Wm. Stanley Ray State Printer, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania Archives, Fifth Series, Vol. II, Miscellaneous Pennsylvania and Continental Units 1775-1783. William Henry Egle (compiler), Thomas Lynch Montgomery (ed.), 1906, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania Archives, Fifth Series Vol. IV, Continental line (continued), 1777-1783, invalid regiment, depreciation pay, pension applications, Thomas Lynch Montgomery (ed.), Harrisburg, Penn.: Harrisburg Publishing Co., State Printer, 1906. Pennsylvania Archives, Fifth Series, Vol. VI, Muster Rolls Relating to the Associators and Militia of the County of Cumberland. William Henry Egle (compiler), Thomas Lynch Montgomery (ed.), 1906, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. 1 1832 Revolutionary War pension application of JOHN S. MCLEAN (see McLean [1832]). 1832 Revolutionary War pension application of George2 ARMSTRONG (Alexander1). See Armstrong [1832]. 565 PennArch5VI [1906:251-2]. 566 PennArch5VI [1906:380]. 567 PennArch5VI [1906:279-80]. 568 PennArch5VI [1906:289-90]. 569 PennArch5VI [1906:504].

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570 PennArch5VI [1906:648-9]. 571 PennArch5VI [1906:651]. 572 PennArch5VI [1906:508]; PennArch3XXIII [1897:781]. 573 PennArch5VI [1906:504-5]. 574 PennArch5VI [1906:578-9]. 575 PennArch5II [1906:152, 290], PennArch5IV [1906:290]. 576 PennArch5II [1906:628]. 577 PennArch3XXIII [1897:290]. 578 PennArch5IV [1906], various pages. 579 PennArch5IV [1906], various pages. 580 PennArch3XXIII [1897], various pages. 581 Mifflin Co., Deed Book, 1794, pp. 210-1. 582 Mifflin Co., Deed Book, 1794, pp. 210-1. 583 OntCoNYArch, Deeds, Liber 4, pp. 23-25. 584 Obituary of Mrs. Sidney Howard Nelson Davison, published Marseilles Plaindealer, 20 Feb. 1885. 585 NYTaxList 1800-1804:Various. 586 Seneca [1793-1887:23-4]. 587 Seneca [1793-1887:25-6]. 588 Seneca [1793-1887:33-4]. 589 Seneca [1793-1887:43-4]. 590 1800Seneca, p. 512, line 5. 591 1810Benton, p. 662, lines 13 and 8, respectively. 592 1820Benton, p. 263, line77. 593 OntCoNYArch, Deed Records, Liber 9, p. 605. 594 OntCoNYArch, Deed Records, Liber 10, p. 202-3. 595 OntCoNYArch, Deed Records, Liber 6, p. 653-4. 596 OntCoNYArch, Deed Records, Liber 13, p. 437-8. Also YCHO Ontario/Yates, Liber 2, pp. 174-5. 597 OntCoNYArch, Deed Records, Liber 15, p. 3. Also YCHO Ontario/Yates, Liber 2, p. 304. 598 OntCoNYArch, Deed Records, Liber 15, pp. 6-7. Also YCHO Ontario/Yates, Liber 2, pp. 304-5. 599 OntCoNYArch, Deed Records, Liber 15, pp. 6-7. 600 OntCoNYArch, Deed Records, Liber 21, pp. 222-3. Also YCHO Ontario/Yates, Liber 3, pp. 64-5. 601 OntCoNYArch, Deed Records, Liber 23, pp. 286-9. Also YCHO Ontario/Yates, Liber 3, pp. 193-6. 602 OntCoNYArch, Deed Records, Liber 24, p. 371. Also YCHO Ontario/Yates, Liber 3, pp. 266. 603 OntCoNYArch, Deed Records, Liber 36, pp. 94-5. Also YCHO Ontario/Yates, Liber 5, pp. 63-4. 604 OntCoNYArch, Deed Records, Liber 640, pp. 335-. Also YCHO Ontario/Yates, Liber 5, pp. 509-10. 605 Ancestry.com. http://search.ancestry.com/cgi- bin/sse.dll?db=Pensioner1818&h=52654&indiv=try&o_vc=Record:OtherRecord&tid=19234461&pid=1178898957 &rhSource=1246. Original data: Ledgers of Payments, 1818-1872, to U.S. Pensioners Under Acts of 1818 Through 1858 From Records of the Office of the Third Auditor of the Treasury, 1818-1872; (National Archives Microfilm Publication T718, 23 rolls); Records of the Accounting Officers of the Department of the Treasury, Record Group 217; National Archives, Washington, D.C. 606 Leeson, M. A. Commemorative Historical and Biographical Record of Wood County, Ohio. J. H. Beers & Co., Chicago, 1897, p. 269. 607 DAR Application [863313]. 608 Leeson [1897:269]. 609 DAR Application [138038]. 610 DAR Application [863313]. 611 FindAGrave.com, Memorial #76037671. 612 FindAGrave.com, Memorial #76037671. 613 Inter-State. History of LaSalle County, Illinois. 2 Volumes. 1886 Inter-State Publishing Co., Chicago, Vol. 1, p. 827. FindAGrave.com, Memorial # 76022792. 614 FindAGrave.com, Memorial #76022792. 615 FindAGrave.com, Memorial #76037671; FindAGrave.com, Memorial #76022792. 616 Marriage Records, Wood Co., Ohio. FamilySearch. Org. "Ohio, County Marriages, 1789-2013," Online. https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:XDPC-GYL.

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617 Aged 49 in 1850 census and 59 in 1860 census. 1860 census says born in Mass. See 1850Weston, p. 172-A, line 1; 1860 Weston, p. 253, line 36. 618 FamilySearch. Org. " Ohio, County Death Records, 1840-2001.” Online. https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:F6XD-SYD. 619 Aged 35 in 1850 census and 45 in 1860 census. See 1850 U. S. Census, Ohio, Wood County, Weston Township, Roll: M432_741. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com, p. 172-A, lines 1-6; 1860 U. S. Census, Ohio, Wood County, Weston Township, Roll: M653_1053. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com. Family History Library Film: 805053. P. 253, lines 36-38. 620 Marriage Records, Wood Co., Ohio. FamilySearch. Org. "Ohio, County Marriages, 1789-2013," Online. https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:XDPC-PYM. 621 Knapp [1872:650]. 622 DAR Application [861131]; FindAGrave.com, Memorial # 69226349. 623 DAR Application [861131]. 624 FindAGrave.com, Memorial # 69226349. 625 DAR Application [861131]. 626 Supporting documents filed with DAR Application [861131]. 627 FindAGrave.com, Memorial # 93754301. 628 Ancestry.com. “Public Member Trees.” Database. Ancestry.com. http://person.ancestry.com/tree/50068086/person/13044840774/facts. 629 1820Benton, p. 261, line54. 630 DAR Application [138038]. Dequine [2007] as cited by Lozer [2016]. 631 Dequine [2007] as cited by Lozer [2016]. 632 DAR Application [138038]. Dequine [2007] as cited by Lozer [2016]. 633 FindAGrave.com, Memorial # 55889187. 634 FindAGrave.com, Memorial # 133570460. 635 FindAGrave.com, Memorial # 133570460. 636 "Ohio, County Marriages, 1789-2013," database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:XDPC-GBQ : accessed 13 April 2016), Valentine Winslow and Calisty Miss Howard, 16 Nov 1824; citing Wood, Ohio, United States, reference p 9; county courthouses, Ohio; FHL microfilm 409,699. 637 FindAGrave.com, Memorial # 133568616. 638 FindAGrave.com, Memorial # 133570422. 639 FindAGrave.com, Memorial # 133568616; 133570460; and 133570422. 640 "Ohio, County Marriages, 1789-2013," database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:XDPC-PX1 : accessed 13 April 2016), Alexander P. Howard and Rebecca Draper, 11 Sep 1834; citing Wood, Ohio, United States, reference p 41; county courthouses, Ohio; FHL microfilm 409,699. 641 Ancestry.com. http://person.ancestry.com/tree/55689747/person/44267546896/facts. 642 Ancestry.com. http://person.ancestry.com/tree/55689747/person/44267546898/facts. 643 Ancestry.com. http://person.ancestry.com/tree/55689747/person/44267546895/facts. 644 FindAGrave.com, Memorial # 18152029. 645 FindAGrave.com, Memorial # 18152029; Ancestry.com Trees http://person.ancestry.com/tree/55689747/person/44267499030/facts. 646 FindAGrave.com, Memorial # 18152030. 647 FindAGrave.com, Memorials # 18152029 and # 18152030. 648 1810Benton, p. 662, line 8. 649 Dequine [2007], Lozer [2015], Leeson [1897:269]. 650 FindAGrave.com, Memorial # 21784866. 651 DAR Application [433402]. 652 DAR Application [48119]. 653 FindAGrave.com, Memorial # 21784915. 654 FindAGrave.com, Memorials # 21784866 and # 21784915. 655 FindAGrave.com, Memorial # 66485705. 656 Waggoner [1887:691]. 657 Waggoner [1887:691], FindAGrave.com, Memorial # 66485705.

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658 FindAGrave.com, Memorial # 66485780. 659 FindAGrave.com, Memorials # 66485705 and # 66485780. 660 Waggoner [1888:690-2]. 661 Waggoner [1888:692]. 662 “Passing of a Pioneer: Obituary of Mary Blackood Copeland Howard,” Fulton County Tribune. Wauseon, Ohio. February 5, 1915, p. 1 columns 4 and 5. 663 Fulton Trib. February 5, 1915, p. 1 columns 4 and 5; FindAGrave.com Memorials # 37192165 and # 37196944. 664 Waggoner [1888:692-3]; FindAGrave.com Memorial # 110787876. 665 FindAGrave.com Memorial # 110787876. 666 Waggoner [1888:692-3]. 667 Waggoner [1888:692-3]; FindAGrave.com Memorial # 110787966. 668 FindAGrave.com Memorial # 110787966. 669 FindAGrave.com Memorials # 110787876 and #110787966. 670 Wikipedia.org, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Lundy%27s_Lane. 671 Wikipedia.org, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Fort_Erie. 672 Marseilles Plaindealer, 20 Feb. 1885, and Knapp [1872:649]. 673 Marseilles Plaindealer, 20 Feb. 1885. 674 Ancestry.com. “RootsWeb, An Ancestry.com Community.” Database, at Surnames of Fulton County Ohio and Before - Joshua Nelson: http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=12290&id=I4597; Ancestry.com Trees at http://person.ancestry.com/tree/66473132/person/34463360527/facts; and the Marseilles Plaindealer, 20 Feb. 1885. 675 Place and date of birth found on Ancestry.com. “RootsWeb, An Ancestry.com Community.” Database, at Surnames of Fulton County Ohio and Before - Joshua Nelson: http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi- bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=12290&id=I4597. 676 Place and date of death found on Ancestry.com. “RootsWeb, An Ancestry.com Community.” Database, at Surnames of Fulton County Ohio and Before - Joshua Nelson: http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi- bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=12290&id=I4597 and Ancestry.com Trees at http://person.ancestry.com/tree/66473132/person/34463360527/facts. The fact the he died in Texas is confirmed in the obituary of his wife, Sydney, in her obituary in the Marseilles Plaindealer, 20 Feb. 1885. 677 Knapp [1872:649] and Marseilles Plaindealer, 20 Feb. 1885. 678 New England Historic Genealogical Society, online database "Massachusetts Vital Records to 1850", Boston, http://www.americanancestors.org/databases/massachusetts-vital-records-to- 1850/image/?volumeId=7776&pageName=24&rId=142869045 . Also seen at Ancestry.com. “Massachusetts, Town and Vital Records, 1620-1988,” Database. http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=2495. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2011. http://search.ancestry.com/cgi- bin/sse.dll?indiv=1&dbid=2495&h=10663475&ssrc=pt&tid=20621399&pid=972156582&usePUB=true. 679 Date and place of death is given in the obituary of his second wife, Sydney (Howard) Davison, Marseilles Plaindealer, 20 Feb. 1885. 680 1850 U. S. Census, Ohio, Allen County, Shawnee Township, Roll: M432_657. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com, p. 681, lines 12-16. 681 Birth and death information from Ancestry.com SAR [40442]; FindAGrave.com [7979186]; and Knapp [1872:650]. 682 Ancestry.com SAR [40442]. 683 Ancestry.com SAR [40442], FindAGrave.com Memorial # 7979189. 684 FindAGrave.com Memorial #7979189. 685 FindAGrave.com Memorials # 7979186 and # 7979189. 686 Ingham County News, Mason, Michigan. (Published 1859-1999), “A Worthy Life Ended”, Obituary, 19 Jan. 1907. 687 IngCoNews, “A Worthy Life Ended”, Obituary, 19 Jan. 1907. 688 IngCoNews, “Her Life Work Ended”, Obituary, 2 May 1907. 689 FindAGrave.com Memorials # 38527224 and # 38527368. 690 Knapp [1872:650]. 691 FindAGrave.com Memorial # 104764409. 692 FindAGrave.com Memorial # 104764409.

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693 Inter-State [1886:I:829]. 694 FindAGrave.com Memorial # 7979258. 695 Inter-State [1886:I:832]. 696 Inter-State [1886:I:832]. 697 Inter-State [1886:I:832]. 698 FindAGrave.com Memorial # 7979260. 699 FindAGrave.com Memorials # 7979258 and # 7979260. 700 DAR Application [113339]. 701 1830 U. S. Census, Ohio, Wood County, Perrysburg Township, Series: M19; Roll: 142; Family History Library Film: 0337953. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com, p. 325, line 11. 702 DAR Application [113339]; FindAGrave.com Memorial # 103863050. 703 DAR Application [113339]. 704 DAR Application [113339]. 705 1860 U. S. Census, Ohio, Fulton County, Pike Township, Roll: 653_965. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com. Family History Library Film: 803965, pp. 392-3, lines 39-40, 1 706 FindAGrave.com Memorial # 103863141. 707 FindAGrave.com Memorials # 103863050 and # 103863141. 708 FindAGrave.com Memorial # 115126784. 709 FindAGrave.com Memorial # 115126784. 710 FindAGrave.com Memorial # 115126783. 711 FindAGrave.com Memorials # 115126784 and # 115126783. 712 FindAGrave.com Memorial # 7979194. 713 FindAGrave.com Memorial # 7978831. 714 DAR Application [83328]. 715 FindAGrave.com Memorial # 7979255. 716 FindAGrave.com Memorials # 7978831 and # 7979255. 717 He was aged 10 in the 1850 census. See 1850 U. S. Census, Ohio, Fulton County, Pike Township, Roll: Roll: M432_681. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com, p. 297-A, line 27. 718 Birth, death and burial information from Leeson [1897:268-9,-471]. 719 DAR Application [138038]. 720 Eichholz [1992:582]. 721 Waggoner [1888:690-2]. 722 Map produced by the author using: MMFT. 723 Ancestry.com. “U.S. General Land Office Records, 1796-1907.” Database. http://www.ancestry.com. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc., 2008. Document 2454, Accession No. OH0760_.416. 724 Ancestry.com Land. Document 2485, Accession No. OH0760_.447. 725 Ancestry.com Land. Document 2817, Accession No. OH0770_.234. 726 Ancestry.com Land. Document 2818, Accession No. OH0770_.235. 727 Ancestry.com Land. Document 2848, Accession No. OH0770_.266. 728 Ancestry.com Land. Document 2849, Accession No. OH0770_.267. 729 Map Source: Miller [1969:24]. 730 Map Source: Miller [1969:33]. 731 1830Perrysburg, p. 320, line 2. 732 Ancestry.com Land, Online http://search.ancestry.com/cgi- bin/sse.dll?indiv=1&db=BLMlandpatents&gss=angs- d&new=1&rank=1&gsfn=thomas&gsfn_x=0&gsln=howard&gsln_x=1&msydy=1822&msypn__ftp=Ohio%2c+US A&msypn=38&msypn_PInfo=5- %7c0%7c1652393%7c0%7c2%7c3247%7c38%7c0%7c0%7c0%7c0%7c&msypn_x=1&msypn__ftp_x=1&MSAV =1&uidh=v51&pcat=36&fh=88&h=1632256&recoff=9+11&fsk=BED1U6gIgAAE3gAPcc0-61- &bsk=&pgoff=&ml_rpos=89. Ancestry.com Land, Online http://search.ancestry.com/cgi- bin/sse.dll?indiv=1&db=BLMlandpatents&gss=angs- d&new=1&rank=1&gsfn=thomas&gsfn_x=0&gsln=howard&gsln_x=1&msydy=1822&msypn__ftp=Ohio%2c+US A&msypn=38&msypn_PInfo=5- %7c0%7c1652393%7c0%7c2%7c3247%7c38%7c0%7c0%7c0%7c0%7c&msypn_x=1&msypn__ftp_x=1&MSAV

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=1&uidh=v51&pcat=36&fh=87&h=1630705&recoff=9+11&fsk=BED1U6gIgAAE3gAPcc0-61- &bsk=&pgoff=&ml_rpos=88. 733 1840 U. S. Census, Ohio, Lucas County, Water Township, Roll: 410. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com. Family History Library Film: 0020171, p. 262, line 6. 734 1840Water, p. 262, line 7. 735 Ancestry.com Land, Online http://search.ancestry.com/cgi- bin/sse.dll?indiv=1&db=BLMlandpatents&gss=angs- d&new=1&rank=1&gsfn=thomas&gsfn_x=0&gsln=howard&gsln_x=1&msydy=1822&msypn__ftp=Ohio%2c+US A&msypn=38&msypn_PInfo=5- %7c0%7c1652393%7c0%7c2%7c3247%7c38%7c0%7c0%7c0%7c0%7c&msypn_x=1&msypn__ftp_x=1&MSAV =1&uidh=v51&pcat=36&fh=43&h=1625030&recoff=9+11&ml_rpos=44. 736 1830Perrysburg, p. 325, line 10. 737 Ancestry.com Land, Online http://search.ancestry.com/cgi- bin/sse.dll?indiv=1&db=BLMlandpatents&gss=angs- d&new=1&rank=1&gsfn=thomas&gsfn_x=0&gsln=howard&gsln_x=1&msydy=1822&msypn__ftp=Ohio%2c+US A&msypn=38&msypn_PInfo=5- %7c0%7c1652393%7c0%7c2%7c3247%7c38%7c0%7c0%7c0%7c0%7c&msypn_x=1&msypn__ftp_x=1&MSAV =1&uidh=v51&pcat=36&fh=97&h=1621209&recoff=9+11&fsk=BED1U6gIgAAE3gAPcc0-61- &bsk=&pgoff=&ml_rpos=98. Ancestry.com Land, Online http://search.ancestry.com/cgi- bin/sse.dll?indiv=1&db=BLMlandpatents&gss=angs- d&new=1&rank=1&gsfn=thomas&gsfn_x=0&gsln=howard&gsln_x=1&msydy=1822&msypn__ftp=Ohio%2c+US A&msypn=38&msypn_PInfo=5- %7c0%7c1652393%7c0%7c2%7c3247%7c38%7c0%7c0%7c0%7c0%7c&msypn_x=1&msypn__ftp_x=1&MSAV =1&uidh=v51&pcat=36&fh=98&h=1621372&recoff=9+11&fsk=BED1U6gIgAAE3gAPcc0-61- &bsk=&pgoff=&ml_rpos=99. 738 1840 U. S. Census, Ohio, Wood County, Weston Township, Roll: 434. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com.Family History Library Film: 0020179, p. 394, line 4. 739 Howard, Thomas. “Will of Thomas Howard of Wood Co., Ohio.” Dated 9 February 1825, Proved 29 October 1825. Will Book A, pp. 4-9, Wood Co., Ohio. 740 1830Perrysburg, p. 320, line 2. 741 Supporting document to DAR Application [#863313]. 742 Ancestry.com Land, Online http://search.ancestry.com/cgi- bin/sse.dll?indiv=1&db=BLMlandpatents&gss=angs- d&new=1&rank=1&gsfn=thomas&gsfn_x=0&gsln=howard&gsln_x=1&msydy=1822&msypn__ftp=Ohio%2c+US A&msypn=38&msypn_PInfo=5- %7c0%7c1652393%7c0%7c2%7c3247%7c38%7c0%7c0%7c0%7c0%7c&msypn_x=1&msypn__ftp_x=1&MSAV =1&uidh=v51&pcat=36&fh=122&h=1620640&recoff=10+13&fsk=BED1U6gIgAAE3gAPc1g-61- &bsk=&pgoff=&ml_rpos=123. 743 Ancestry.com Land, Online http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?indiv=1&db=BLMlandpatents&gss=angs- d&new=1&rank=1&gsfn=thomas&gsfn_x=0&gsln=howard&gsln_x=1&msydy=1822&msypn__ftp=Ohio%2c+USA&msypn=38&msy pn_PInfo=5- %7c0%7c1652393%7c0%7c2%7c3247%7c38%7c0%7c0%7c0%7c0%7c&msypn_x=1&msypn__ftp_x=1&MSAV=1&uidh=v51&pca t=36&fh=121&h=1620639&recoff=10+13&fsk=BED1U6gIgAAE3gAPc1g-61-&bsk=&pgoff=&ml_rpos=122. 744 1840 U.S. Census, Ohio, Lucas County, York Township, Roll: 410. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com. Family History Library Film: 0020171, p. 277, line 13. 745 1850Pike, p. 297-A, lines 20-29. 1860Pike, p. 393, lines 2-5. 1870 U.S. Census, Ohio, Fulton County, Pike Township, Roll: M593_1202. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com. Family History Library Film: 552701, p. 172-B, lines 39-40. 746 1830Perrysburg, p. 320, line 2. 747 1840Water, p. 262, line 6. Ancestry.comLand online http://search.ancestry.com/cgi- bin/sse.dll?indiv=1&dbid=1246&h=636957&ssrc=pt&tid=81630967&pid=44454392180&usePUB=true. 748 1850Waynesfield, p. 9-B, lines 20-22; 1860 U.S. Census, Illinois, LaSalle County, Rutland Township, Roll: M653_196. Family History Library Film: 803196. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com, p. 207, lines 27-31; and 1870 U.S. Census, Illinois, LaSalle County, Rutland Township, Roll: M593_244. Family History Library Film: 545743. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com, p. 697-A, lines 8-14.

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749 DAR Application [#71200]. 750 1860 U.S. Census, Indiana, DeKalb County, Wilmington Township, Roll: M653_254. Family History Library Film: 803254. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com, p. 200, lines 28-29. 751 IngCoNews 2 May 1907. 752 Knapp [1872:650]. 753 1860Pike, pp. 392-3, lines 39-40 and 1. 754 Map Source: Miller [1969:55]. 755 McLean [1984]. 756 McLean [1984]; Jordan [1915:III:1683]; Welker [1930]; McLean [1946]. 757 Tioga Eagle, Wellsboro, Pennsylvania. (Published 1838-1858). Seen at Ancestory.com http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=8326. Published 29 Dec. 1841 and 19 Jan. 1842 (p. 3 columns 3 and 4). 758 McLean [1984]; Jordan [1915:III:1683]; Welker [1930]; McLean [1946]. 759 McLean [1984]; McLean [1946]. 760 McLean [1984]; TiogaEagle [29 Dec 1841 and 19 Jan 1841]; Dumas & Conybeare [2008], Vol. 1, Torrey Cemeteries, Evergreen Cemetery, p. 38. 761 Dumas & Conybeare [2008], Vol. 1, Torrey Cemeteries, Evergreen Cemetery, p. 38.; TiogaEagle [29 Dec 1841 and 19 Jan 1841]; Albany Evening Journal, Albany, New York. (Published 1830-1925). 29 Oct. 1841, Vol. 12, Issue No. 3626. p. 2.; FindAGrave.com Memorial #61653324. 762 DAR Application [780904] 763 1820Benton, p. 258, line 5; 1830Jerusalem, p. 273, line 23. 764 McLean [1984]; Jordan [1915:III:1683]; DAR Applications [230459]. [261234], [356362], [385416]. [646288], [868089], and [911797]. 765 DAR Application [866451]; Jordan [1915:III:1683]. 766 DAR Application [866451]. 767 Dumas & Conybeare [2008] Book One, Torrey Cemeteries, Evergreen Cemetery, p. 38. 768 McLean [1984]; Jordan [1915:III:1683]; Sexton [1883:268]; Dar Applications [230459]. [261234], [356362], [385416], and [866451]. 769 DAR Application [866451]. 770 McLean [1984]; Jordan [1915:III:1683]; Sexton [1883:268]. DAR Applications [230459]. [261234], [356362], [385416]. 771 DAR Application [780904]. 772 McLean [1984]; Jordan [1915:III:1683]; Sexton [1883:268]. DAR Applications [181589], [230459], [261234], [356362], [385416], [646288], and [780904]. 773 DAR Application [780904]. 774 McLean [1984]; Jordan [1915:III:1683]; DAR Applications [230459], [261234], [356362], and [866451]. 775 DAR Application [780904]. 776 Dumas & Conybeare [2008], Vol. 1, Torrey Cemeteries, Evergreen Cemetery (Dresden), p. 3. 777 Dumas & Conybeare [2008], Vol. 1, Torrey Cemeteries, Evergreen Cemetery (Dresden), p. 3. 778 Dumas & Conybeare [2008], Vol. 1, Torrey Cemeteries, Evergreen Cemetery (Dresden), p. 3. 779 Dumas & Conybeare [2008], Vol. 1, Torrey Cemeteries, Evergreen Cemetery (Dresden), p. 3. 780 Dumas & Conybeare [2008], Vol. 1, Torrey Cemeteries, Evergreen Cemetery (Dresden), p. 3. 781 Jordan [1915:III:1683]. 782 McLean [1984]; Jordan [1915:III:1683]; DAR Application [780904]; SAR Application [67810]. 783 McLean [1984]; Jordan [1915:III:1683]; DAR Application [780904]; SAR Application [67810]. 784 McLean [1984]; DAR Applications [261234] and [356362]; SAR Application [67810]. 785 McLean [1984]; Jordan [1915:III:1683]; DAR Applications [261234] and [356362]; SAR Application [67810]. 786 McLean [1984]; Jordan [1915:III:1683]. 787 McLean [1984]; Jordan [1915:III:1683]; Sexton [1883:268-9]. 788 Sexton [1883:268]. 789 Sexton [1883:267-8]; FindAGrave.com. Memorial #98841665. 790 Sexton [1883:268]; FindAGrave.com. Memorial #98841665. 791 FindAGrave.com. Memorials #98841665 and #98841000. 792 McLean [1832].

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793 Tioga Eagle, Wellsboro, Pennsylvania. (Published 1838-1858). Seen at Ancestory.com http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=8326. "Another Revolutionary Patriot; as well as devoted Christian, gone." Obituary of John McLean and death notice of Sarah (Armstrong) McLean, Printed 29 Dec 1841. Vol. 12, p. 2. 794 Cameron, Viola Root (compiler). “Emigrants from Scotland to America, 1774-1775: Copied from a Loose Bundle of Treasury Papers in the Public Record Office, London, England.” typed manuscript. The Compiler, London. 1930. Reprinted by Genealogical Publishing Co., Baltimore 1959 (Reprinted 1978). Database at Ancestry.com http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=10517. 795 PennArch3XX [1898], Cumberland Co., Fermanagh Township, p. 96, line 1. 796 PennArch3XX [1898]: 1785 Supply Rates, Cumberland Co., Fermanagh, p. 98, line 10; 1785 State Tax, Fermanagh, Cumberland Co., PA, p. 4, line 15; 1786 Supply Rates, Cumberland Co., Fermanagh, p. 7, line 8; 1786 State Tax, Fermanagh, Cumberland Co., PA, p. 3, line 31; 1787 Supply Rates, Cumberland Co., Fermanagh, p. 8, line 2; 1787 State Tax, Fermanagh, Cumberland Co., PA, p. 4, line 17; 1788 Supply Rates, Cumberland Co., Fermanagh, p. 8, line 2; 1788 State Tax (Duplicate), Fermanagh, Cumberland Co., PA, p. 3, line 37; 1789 Supply Rates, Cumberland Co., Fermanagh, p. 7, line 11; and 1789 State Tax (Duplicate), Fermanagh, Cumberland Co., PA, p. 4, line 13. 797 Sources: Ancestry.com. Pennsylvania, Tax and Exoneration, 1768-1801 [database on-line]; http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=2497. Provo, UT, : Ancestry.com Operations Inc., 2011; PennArch3XX [1898:various]; Retrospect, Cumberland County Tax Lists, Penn. Archives Retrospective Series CD, Retrospect Publishing, Alexandria, VA, 1st edition, 2002. 798 1800Seneca, p. 462, line 17. 799 Data was compiled from: Pennsylvania militia and military records in: Pennsylvania Archives, Third Series, Vol. XXIII, Muster Rolls of the Nave and Line, Militia and Rangers 1775- 1783 with List of Pensioners 1818-1832, William Henry Egle, M. D. (compiler), 1897, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Wm. Stanley Ray State Printer, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania Archives, Fifth Series, Vol. II, Miscellaneous Pennsylvania and Continental Units 1775-1783. William Henry Egle (compiler), Thomas Lynch Montgomery (ed.), 1906, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania Archives, Fifth Series Vol. IV, Continental line (continued), 1777-1783, invalid regiment, depreciation pay, pension applications, Thomas Lynch Montgomery (ed.), Harrisburg, Penn.: Harrisburg Publishing Co., State Printer, 1906. Pennsylvania Archives, Fifth Series, Vol. VI, Muster Rolls Relating to the Associators and Militia of the County of Cumberland. William Henry Egle (compiler), Thomas Lynch Montgomery (ed.), 1906, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. 1 1832 Revolutionary War pension application of JOHN S. MCLEAN (see McLean [1832]). 1832 Revolutionary War pension application of George2 ARMSTRONG (Alexander1). See Armstrong [1832]. 800 Elvick, Neil. “Neil Elvick’s Family History Web Site”. Online http://www.neilelvick.com/index.html. n.d. 801 PennArch5II [1906:318]; McLean [1832]. 802 PennArch5II [1906:321]. 803 PennArch5II [1906:323]. 804 PennArch5II [1906:328]. 805 PennArch5II [1906:331]. 806 PennArch5II [1906:540]. 807 PennArch5II [1906:541]. 808 McLean [1832]. 809 PAHisMusCmsn, “Revolutionary War Militia Battalions and Companies,” online http://www.phmc.pa.gov/Archives/Research-Online/Pages/Revolutionary-War-Militia- Overview.aspx#.VstW35wrKUk. 810 PennArch5VI [1906:7]; PennArch3XXIII [1897:612]. 811 PennArch5VI [1906:17-21]; PennArch3XXIII [1897:623]; PennArch3XXIII [1897:627]. 812 PennArch5VI [1906:24]. 813 PennArch5VI [1906:457]. 814 PennArch3XXIII [1897:447]. 815 PennArch5VI [1906:33]; PennArch3XXIII [1897:633].

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816 McLean [1832]. 817 McLean [1832]. 818 PennArch5VI [1906:292]; PennArch3XXIII [1897:749]. 819 PennArch5VI [1906:296]; PennArch3XXIII [1897:761]. 820 PennArch5VI [1906:313]; PennArch3XXIII [1897:449]. 821 PennArch5VI [1906:420,432]. 822 PennArch5IV [1906], various pages. 823 PennArch5IV [1906], various pages. 824 PennArch3XXIII [1897], various pages. 825 McLean [1832]. 826 McLean [1832]. 827 Sexton [1883:268]. 828 McLean [1832]. 829 Tice, Joyce M. Tri-Counties Genealogy & History (http://www.joycetice.com/jmtindex.htm : accessed 25 Feb. 2016). “Williamson Road 1792 – 97”, Online http://www.joycetice.com/articles/cbwillrd.htm. 830 1790Mifflin, p. 105, column 2, line 11. 831 NYTaxList 1799:Jerusalem. 832 NYTaxList 1799:Seneca. 833 NYTaxList 1800-1804:Various. 834 1810Benton, p. 659, line 29. 835 1820Benton, p. 263, line 61. 836 1830Benton, p. 301, line 3. 837 1825 New York State Census, Yates County, Benton Township, microfilm, New York State Library, Albany. 838 1835 New York State Census, Yates County, Benton Township, microfilm, New York State Library, Albany. 839 1840Benton, p. 267, p. 8. 840 Sexton [1883:268]. 841 Sexton [1883:268]. 842 1800Jerusalem, p. 462, line 17; NYTaxList 1800:Jerusalem. 843 NYTaxList 1801:Jerusalem. 844 NYTaxList 1802:Jerusalem. 845 NYTaxList 1803:Vernon. 846 NYTaxList 1804:Vernon. 847 OntCoNYArch, Deed Records, Liber 13, pp. 437-8; YCHO Ontario/Yates Liber 2, pp. 175-5. 848 Unknown. “A History of the Memorial Presbyterian Church of Bellona, New York, Including a Biographical Sketch of Mary F. Johnson, Written on the Occasion of the One Hundred Seventy-Fifth Anniversary 1809-1984.” 1984, Penn Yan, N.Y., Mimeograph on file at Yates County Historical Society. 849 1810Benton, p. 659, line 29. 850 1820Benton, p. 263, line 61. 851 1830Benton, p. 301, line 3. 852 McLean [1832]. 853 McLean [1832]. 854 1840Benton, p. 267, p. 8. 855 TiogaEagle, 29 Dec. 1841; FindAGrave.com. Memorial # 28579214; McLean [1984]. 856 Wheelock [1876:90]. 857 Dumas & Conybeare [2008], Book Five: Lakeview Cemetery, Penn Yan, The Free Ground, p. 28. 858 1850 U. S. Census, Ohio, Sandusky County, York Township, Roll: M432_618. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com. Pp. 185A-B, lines 38-42, 1-2 859 Dumas & Conybeare [2008], Book Five: Lakeview Cemetery, Penn Yan, The Free Ground, p. 28. 860 Dumas & Conybeare [2008], Book Five: Lakeview Cemetery, Penn Yan, Purchase Two, p. 125. 861 DAR Application 646288. 862 DAR Application 646288. 863 DAR Application 646288. 864 DAR Application 646288.

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865 Ancestry.com Trees, online. http://trees.ancestry.com/tree/49744989/person/20251402085. 866 Ancestry.com Trees, online. http://person.ancestry.com/tree/49744989/person/20251855883/facts. 867 SAR Application #50381 says b 11 Mar 1814; Steely [1927] says b Nov. 3, 1814; DAR Application 385416 says b 11 Apr 1814 at Benton; DAR Application #780904 says b 3 Nov 1814. 868 SAR Application #50381 says d 9 Nov 1904; Steely [1927] says d 11 July 1904 "aged 89 yrs 8 mo 8 days"; DAR Application #780904 says d 14 July 1904. 869 SAR Application #50381 says m 2 Jan 1838; Steely [1927] says m Feb 1 1838. DAR Application #780904 says m 1 Feb 1838. 870 Place of birth from FindAGrave.com.; SAR app #50381 and Steely [1927] all say b 25 Oct 1820; DAR Application 385416 says b 28 Oct 1820. 871 FindAGrave.com. Memorial #98887442. 872 1810Benton, p. 660, line 24. 873 1830Benton, p. 311, line 2. 874 1840Benton, p. 267, line 8. 875 1850Milo, pp. 185A & B, lines 38-42 and 1-2.. 876 Map produced by the author using: MMFT. 877 Dumas & Conybeare [2008], Book One, Torrey Cemeteries, Evergreen Cemetery, p.38. 878 Dumas & Conybeare [2008], Book One, Torrey Cemeteries, Evergreen Cemetery, p.38. 879 Dumas & Conybeare [2008], Book One, Torrey Cemeteries, Evergreen Cemetery, p.38. 880 Dumas & Conybeare [2008], Book One, Torrey Cemeteries, Evergreen Cemetery, p.38. 881 1900 U. S. Census, New York, Oneida Co., Utica, Roll 1133; Family History Library Film: 1241133. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com. p. 38, lines 55-56. 882 YatesCemBur: Torrey Cemeteries, Evergreen Cemetery. 883 YatesCemBur: Torrey Cemeteries, Evergreen Cemetery; FindAGrave.com. Memorial #84480513. 884 1900Utica, p. 38, lines 55-56. 885 FindAGrave.com. Memorial #67529003. 886 FindAGrave.com. Memorial #67529003. 887 Names of children and dates of birth from 1860Torrey, p. 510, lines 3-4. 888 1810Benton, p. 659, line 29. 889 1820Benton, p. 260, line 33. 890 1830Benton, p. 304, line 12. 891 1850Benton, p. 107-B, lines 35-40. 892 1855Torrey, no page, lines 32-37, family 216. 893 1860Torrey, p. 510-11, lines 39-40 and 1-4. 894 1865Torrey, p. 35, lines 32-38, family 267. 895 1820Benton, p. 260, line 33. 896 1830Benton, p. 304, line 12. 897 1850Benton, p. 107-B, lines 35-40. 898 1855Torrey, no page, lines 32-37, family 216. 899 1860Torrey, p. 510-11, lines 39-40 and 1-4. 900 1865Torrey, p. 35, lines 32-38, family 267. 901 1870 U. S. Census, New York, Yates County, Torrey Township, Roll: M593_1120. Family History Library Film: 552619. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com. p. 637-B, lines 35-40. 902 1850Benton, p. 107-B, lines 35-40. 903 1860Torrey, pp. 510-1, lines 39-40 and 1-4. 904 1870Torrey, p. 637-B, lines 35-40. 905 1900 U. S. Census, New York, Oneida Co., Utica, Roll 1133; Family History Library Film: 1241133. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com. p. 38, lines 55-56. 906 Ancestry.com. “U.S. City Directories, 1822-1955.” Database. http://www.ancestry.com. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc., 2011. Rochester House Directory, and Family Address Book, 1892. Rochester House Directory, and Family Address Book, 1895. 907 FindAGrave.com. Memorial #67529003. 908 1810Benton, p. 659, line 19; 1820Benton, p. 263, line 61. 909 Jordan [1915:III:1683-4]; Miller, John, A Twentieth Century History of Erie County Pennsylvania., 2 Volumes (Chicago: The Lew Publishing Co., 1909), Volume 2, p. 499.

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910 Bates, Samuel Penniman, History of Erie County, Pennsylvania (Chicago: Warner Beers & Co., 1884), Part VI, p. 175. 911 Jordan [1915:III:1685]; McLean [1984]. 912 Jordan [1915:III:1685]; McLean [1984]. 913 Jordan [1915:III:1685]; McLean [1984]. 914 McLean [1984]. 915 Jordan [1915:III:1685]; McLean [1984]. 916 Jordan [1915:III:1685]; McLean [1984]. 917 Jordan [1915:III:1685]; McLean [1984]. 918 Jordan [1915:III:1685]; McLean [1984]. 919 Jordan [1915:III:1685]; McLean [1984]. 920 Jordan [1915:III:1686]; McLean [1984]; SAR Application [#67810]. 921 Jordan [1915:III:1686]; McLean [1984]; SAR Application [#67810]; FindAGrave.com Memorial # 57963522. 922 Jordan [1915:III:1686]; McLean [1984]; SAR Application [#67810]. 923 Jordan [1915:III:1686]; McLean [1984]; SAR Application [#67810]; FindAGrave.com Memorial # 57963296. 924 Jordan [1915:III:1686]; McLean [1984]. 925 McLean [1984]. 926 Jordan [1915:III:1686]; McLean [1984]. 927 McLean [1984]. 928 Jordan [1915:III:1686]; McLean [1984]. 929 McLean [1984]. 930 Jordan [1915:III:1685]; McLean [1984]. 931 Jordan [1915:III:1685]; McLean [1984]. 932 Jordan [1915:III:1685]; McLean [1984]. 933 Jordan [1915:III:1687]; McLean [1984]; DAR Application [#230459]. 934 Jordan [1915:III:1687]; DAR Application [#230459]. 935 Jordan [1915:III:1687]; DAR Application [#230459]. 936 McLean [1984]; DAR Application [#230459]. 937 Jordan [1915:III:1687]; McLean [1984]. 938 Jordan [1915:III:1687]; McLean [1984]. 939 Jordan [1915:III:1687]; McLean [1984]. 940 Jordan [1915:III:1687]; McLean [1984]. 941 1860 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, Erie County, LeBoeuf Township, Roll: M653_1108. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com. Family History Library Film: 805108, p. 665, lines 27-33. 1870 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, Erie County, LeBoeuf Township, Roll: M593_1341. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com. Family History Library Film: 522840, p. 245-A, lines 9-20. 942 Jordan [1915:III:1687]; McLean [1984]. 943 McLean [1984]. 944 Jordan [1915:III:1687]. 945 Jordan [1915:III:1688]; McLean [1984]. 946 Jordan [1915:III:1688]. 947 Jordan [1915:III:1688]; McLean [1984]; Bates [1884:VI:175]. 948 Jordan [1915:III:1688 ]. 949 Jordan [1915:III:1688 ]. 950 Jordan [1915:III:1688]; McLean [1984]. 951 Jordan [1915:III:1688]; McLean [1984]. 952 1870LeBoeuf, p. 245-A, lines 9-20. 953 FindAGrave.com Memorial #20977387. 954 FindAGrave.com Memorials # 20977378 and # 20977387. 955 Jordan [1915:III:1688]; DAR Applications # 261234 and # 356362. 956 DAR Application # 261234; FindAGrave.com Memorial # 15951918. 957 Jordan [1915:III:1688]; McLean [1984]; DAR Applications # 261234 and # 356362. 958 FindAGrave.com Memorial # 15951907; DAR Applications # 261234 and # 356362.

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959 FindAGrave.com Memorials # 15951907 and # 15951918. 960 McLean [1984]; Jordan [1915:III:1683]; Sexton [1883:268-9]; Steely [1928]. 961 Sexton [1883:269]; Steely [1928]. 962 Map Source: Miller [1969:55]. 963 The primary sources of information on the immigrant Trimmer family are: Chambers, Theodore Frelinghuysen. The Early Germans of New Jersey, Their History, Churches and Genealogies - with Maps and Illustrations. T. F. Chambers, German Valley, New Jersey, 1895, pp. 146ff; and Bell, Raymond Martin. “The Family of Anthony Trimmer, Sr Who Died 1754 in Roxbury Township, Morris county, New Jersey.” Mimeographed document, 1954. New England Historic Genealogical Society, Boston. 964 1 The principal sources for information on the pre-N.Y. years of ANTHONY II TRIMMER and his ancestors are: Hampton, Vernon Boyce. In the Footsteps of Joseph Hampton and the Pennsylvania Quakers. Bucks Co. Historical Society, Doylestown, Penn., 1940; Roberts, Gary Boyd. Ancestors of American Presidents. The New England Historic Genealogical Society, Boston. 2012; and Hartman, Jeanine and Nancy Byrd (Compilers). “The Descendants of Johannes Trimmer: from the Files of Ira Brown, Rodney Trimmer, Don Hartman & Other”. Electronic scan. FamilyHart, Tooele, Utah, 1994. Hartman & Byrd [1994] is a very poor quality source, without any citations of its own for the facts it posits. It is used here only when no other sources were available. 965 Hartman & Byrd [1994:2]. 966 2 1810Benton, p. 660, line 21; his son DAVID TRIMMER was born in 1820 in Benton per Cleveland {1873:I:300]; 1830Benton, p. 299, line 25. 967 Bell, Raymond M. “The Trimmer Family of Washington County, Pennsylvania.” Keyhole, Vol. XXII, No. 1, Jan. 1994. Genealogical Society of Southwestern Pennsylvania, Washington, Penn. 968 Bell [1954]. 969 1 The section on PAUL TRIMMER draws heavily on the work of Bell [1954], [1962] and [1994]. 970 Roberts [2012: 144-5]. 971 See Bell [1994:3-4] for additional details. 972 Hartman & Byrd [1994:7]. 973 Bell [1994:4]. 974 Hartman & Byrd [1994:7]; Bell [1954]; Bell [1962] ; Bell [1994]. 975 Bell [1994]. 976 Bell [1994]. 977 Hartman & Byrd [1994:10]. 978 Bell [1994]. 979 Bell [1994]. 980 Bell [1994]. 981 Bell [1994]. 982 Bell [1994]. 983 Cleveland [1873:I:300]; Dumas & Conybeare [2008], Vol. 1, Torrey Cemeteries, Mount Pleasant Cemetery, 0 p. 65; Will of ANTHONY “TUNIS” TRIMMER seen on Ancestry.com at http://search.ancestry.com/cgi- bin/sse.dll?db=NJWillsAbstracts&h=14392&ti=0&indiv=try&gss=pt&ssrc=pt_t16548656_p19674711725_kpidz0q 3d19674711725z0q26pgz0q3d32768z0q26pgplz0q3dpid. 984 Hartman & Byrd [1994:8]. 985 Cleveland [1873:I:300]. 986 Cleveland [1873:I:300]. 987 FindAGrave.com Memorial #69553230. 988 FindAGrave.com Memorial #69553230. 989 "Gates, William m 1/18/16 Polly Trimmer in Benton; Rev. Chase (3-4-24)" from Bowman, Fred Q., 10,000 Vital Records of Central New York: 1813-1850. Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc., Baltimore. 1986, p. 89. 990 Trimmer, Thomas H. “Will of Thomas H. Trimmer of the Town of Benton, Yates Co., New York,” dated 3 April 1854, Will Book F., pp. 291-2, Yates Co., Penn Yan, New York. 991 Cleveland [1873:I:300]. 992 FindAGrave.com Memorials # 92469961 and #69553230. 993 Dumas & Conybeare [2008], Volume I, Torrey Cemeteries, Mount Pleasant Cemetery, p. 66. 994 Dumas & Conybeare [2008], Volume I, Torrey Cemeteries, Mount Pleasant Cemetery, p. 66. 995 Foley, Janet Wethy. Early Settlers of New York State: Their Ancestors and Descendants. 2 Volumes. Genealogical Publishing Co., Baltimore, 1993, Volume 1, p. 535.

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996 Map Source: AncestorTracks.com. Online http://ancestortracks.com/Mifflin%20Co/1886_township_map_Mifflin_Juniata_Perry_Union_Snyder_from_Everts.j pg. 997 Sources: Ancestry.com. Pennsylvania, Tax and Exoneration, 1768-1801 [database on-line]. http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=2497. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc., 2011. PennArch3XX [1898:various]. Also Retrospect, Cumberland County Tax Lists, Penn. Archives Retrospective Series CD, Retrospect Publishing, Alexandria, VA, 1st edition, 2002. 998 1790 U. S. Census, Pennsylvania, York County, Warrinton (sic) Township. Series: M637; Roll: 9; Digital images. Ancestry.com. http://www.ancestry.com. Family History Library Film: 0568149, page 374, line 22. 999 1790Northumberland, p. 75, column 2, line 28. 1000 Data was compiled from: Pennsylvania militia and military records in: Pennsylvania Archives, Third Series, Vol. XXIII, Muster Rolls of the Nave and Line, Militia and Rangers 1775- 1783 with List of Pensioners 1818-1832, William Henry Egle, M. D. (compiler), 1897, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Wm. Stanley Ray State Printer, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania Archives, Fifth Series, Vol. II, Miscellaneous Pennsylvania and Continental Units 1775-1783. William Henry Egle (compiler), Thomas Lynch Montgomery (ed.), 1906, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania Archives, Fifth Series Vol. IV, Continental line (continued), 1777-1783, invalid regiment, depreciation pay, pension applications, Thomas Lynch Montgomery (ed.), Harrisburg, Penn.: Harrisburg Publishing Co., State Printer, 1906. Pennsylvania Archives, Fifth Series, Vol. VI, Muster Rolls Relating to the Associators and Militia of the County of Cumberland. William Henry Egle (compiler), Thomas Lynch Montgomery (ed.), 1906, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. 1 1832 Revolutionary War pension application of JOHN S. MCLEAN (see McLean [1832]). 1832 Revolutionary War pension application of George2 ARMSTRONG (Alexander1). See Armstrong [1832]. 1001 PennArch5VI [1906:483-9]. 1002 PennArch5VI [1906:477-9]; PennArch3XXIII [1897:676-8]. 1003 PennArch5VI [1906:504]. 1004 PennArch5VI [1906:651]. 1005 PennArch5VI [1906:508]; PennArch3XXIII [1897:781]. 1006 PennArch5VI [1906:619-20]. 1007 PennArch5IV [1906:306]. 1008 PennArch5IV [1906:641]. 1009 PennArch3XXIII [1897:289-90]. 1010 1790Northumberland, p. 75, column 2, line 28. 1011 Cleveland [1873:I:300]. 1012 1855Benton, Household 119, line 41; and 1855Benton, Household 20, line 4. 1013 1800Seneca, p. 512, line 5. 1014 NYTaxList 1800:Seneca. 1015 NYTaxList 1803:Vernon. 1016 1800Seneca, p. 512, line 5. 1017 NYTaxList 1800-1804:Various. 1018 1810 U.S. Census, New York, Ontario County, Seneca Township, Roll: 33; Family History Library Film: 0181387. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com,, p. 660, line 21. 1019 1820 U. S. Census, New York, Ontario County, Benton Township, Roll: M33_62; Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com, p. 255, line 42. 1020 Fold3.com: p. 175 at https://www.fold3.com/image/16265496 and p. 176 at https://www.fold3.com/image/16265499. 1021 Fold3.com: p. 175 at https://www.fold3.com/image/16265496 and p. 176 at https://www.fold3.com/image/16265499. 1022 1825 New York State Census, Yates County, Benton Township, microfilm, New York State Library, Albany, pp. 14-15, line 10. 1023 Wikipedia.com Online https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torrey,_New_York. 1024 1830Benton, p. 299, line 25.

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1025 Hartman & Byrd [1994:10]; RootsWeb.com, http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi- bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=presidentialetc&id=I1129. 1026 Hartman & Byrd [1994:10]; Bell [1994], RootsWeb.com, http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi- bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=presidentialetc&id=I1129. 1027 Hartman & Byrd [1994:11]; Bell [1994], RootsWeb.com, http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi- bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=presidentialetc&id=I1152. 1028 Based principally on Bell, Raymond Martin. “The Family of Anthony Trimmer, Sr Who Died 1754 in Roxbury Township, Morris county, New Jersey.” Mimeographed document, 1954. New England Historic Genealogical Society, Boston; and Bell, Raymond Martin. “The Trimmer Family of Washington County, Pennsylvania.” Keyhole, Vol. XXII, No. 1, Jan. 1994, pages 3-4. Genealogical Society of Southwestern Pennsylvania, Washington, Penn. 1029 Based on Bell [1954] and Bell [1994]. 1030 FindAGrave.com Memorial # 80619403. 1031 FindAGrave.com Memorial # 20976. 1032 Roberts [2012:143]. 1033 Roberts [2012:144-5]. 1034 1810: 1810 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, Washington County, Smith Township, Roll: 57; Family History Library Film: 0193683. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com, p. 38, line 6. 1820: 1820 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, Washington County, Smith Township, Roll: M33_113; Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com, p. 218 line 6. 1830: 1830 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, Washington County, Smith Township, Series: M19; Roll: 163; Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com, p. 269, line 9. 1840: 1840 U.S. Census, Pennsylvania, Washington County, Smith Township, Roll: 499; Family History Library Film: 0020560. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com, p. 43, line 14. 1035 Bell [1994]. 1036 Bell [1994:4]. 1037 Bell [1994]. 1038 Bell [1994]. 1039 Bell [1994]. 1040 Bell [1954]. 1041 Bell [1954]. 1042 Bell [1954]. FindAGrave.com Memorial # 77842541. 1043 FindAGrave.com Memorial # 77842541. Bell [1994:4]. 1044 Bell [1954]. FindAGrave.com Memorial # 77842561. 1045 Bell [1954]. FindAGrave.com Memorials # 77842541 and # 77842561. 1046 Bell [1954]. FindAGrave.com Memorial # 114408414. FindAGrave.com Memorial # 114408455. 1047 1850 U. S. Census, Pennsylvania, Washington County, Robinson Township, Roll: M432_833. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com, p. 23-A, line 21. 1048 Bell [1994:4]. Bell reports his date of death as 1847, but FindAGrave.com Memorial # 66419133 shows a Samuel Trimmer in Condor (six tenths of a mile from Robinson) who died 29 April 1849. 1049 Bell [1994]. 1050 Hartman & Boyd [1994:15]. 1051 FindAGrave.com Memorial # 66419133. 1052 Based on data from Bell [1994:4] and FindAGrave.com Memorial # 25344027. 1053 Based on data from Bell [1994:4] and FindAGrave.com Memorials # 25344077 and # 25343986. 1054 Bell [1994:4]. 1055 Bell [1994:4]. 1056 Ancestry.com. “Pennsylvania, Death Certificates, 1906-1963.” Database. http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=5164. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc., 2014. See http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?indiv=1&db=padeathcollection&gss=angs- d&new=1&rank=1&msT=1&gsfn=Sarah&gsfn_x=0&gsln=mcadams&gsln_x=0&msddy=1909&msdpn__ftp=Penn sylvania%2c+USA&msdpn=41&msdpn_PInfo=5- %7c0%7c1652393%7c0%7c2%7c3244%7c41%7c0%7c0%7c0%7c0%7c&msdpn_x=1&msdpn__ftp_x=1&cpxt=1 &cp=12&MSAV=1&uidh=v51&pcat=BMD_DEATH&fh=0&h=2642498&recoff=&ml_rpos=1. 1057 Bell [1994:4]. 1058 FindAGrave.com Memorial # 77075155.

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1059 FindAGrave.com Memorials # 77075212 and # 77075155. 1060 Bell [1994:4]. 1061 Bell [1994:4]. 1062 Bell [1994:4]. 1063 Bell [1994:4]. 1064 FindAGrave.com Memorial # 40440145. 1065 FindAGrave.com Memorial # 40440145. 1066 FindAGrave.com Memorial # 40440155; Cleveland [1873:I:300]. 1067 1820Benton, p. 256, line 3. 1068 1825 New York State Census, Yates County, Benton Township, microfilm, New York State Library, Albany, pp. 32-3, line 19. 1069 Fold3.com: p. 175 at https://www.fold3.com/image/16265496 and p. 176 at https://www.fold3.com/image/16265499. 1070 Trimmer [1854]. 1071 1830Benton, p. 294, line 1. 1072 1810Seneca, p. 841, line 1. 1073 Date of death based on date of petition he signed. See Fold3.com: p. 175 at https://www.fold3.com/image/16265496 and p. 176 at https://www.fold3.com/image/16265499. 1074 1810Seneca, p. 841, line 11. 1075 FindAGrave.com Memorial #52566724. 1076 1855 New York State Census, Benton Township, Yates Co., New. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com, Household 20, line 4; Ancestry.com PATax 1787 Supply Rates, Fermanagh, Cumberland County, PA, p. 13, line 14; Ancestry.com PATax 1787 State Tax List, Fermanagh, Cumberland County, PA, p. 7, line 4. 1077 Dumas & Conybeare [2008], Volume 1, Torrey Cemeteries, Mount Pleasant Cemetery, p. 65. 1078 1810 U. S. Census, New York, Dutchess County, Carmel Township, Roll: M30; Family History Library Film: 0181384. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com, p. 208-A, line 22; 1820Benton Twp., p. 255, line 31. 1079 FindAGrave.com Memorial # 52566654. 1080 Dumas & Conybeare [2008], Volume 1, Torrey Cemeteries, Mount Pleasant Cemetery, p. 65. 1081 Information on the 1812 service of ISAIAH F. is from: - Fold3.com https://www.fold3.com/image/310336724; - Ancestry.com. “New York, War of 1812 Payroll Abstracts for New York State Militia, 1812-1815.” Database. http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=5370. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc., 2013. Original Data: War of 1812 abstracts of payrolls for New York State militia ("payroll cards"), 1812–1814. Series B0810. New York (State). Adjutant General’s Office. New York State Archives, Albany, New York. - Ancestry.com. “New York, Military Equipment Claims, War of 1812.” Database. http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=3883. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc., 1999. Original data: Index of Awards on Claims of the Soldiers of the War of 1812. New York Adjutant General's Office. New York State Archives, Albany, NY. - Ancestry.com. “War of 1812 Service Records, 1812-1815.” Database. http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=4281. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc., 1999. Original data: National Archives and Records Administration. Index to the Compiled Military Service Records for the Volunteer Soldiers Who Served During the War of 1812. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration. M602, 234 rolls. 1082 1820Benton, p. 255, line 39. 1083 1825Benton, pp. 4-5, line 13. 1084 1830Benton, p. 297, line 13. 1085 Dumas & Conybeare [2008], Benton Cemeteries, Ketchum Cemetery, p. 98. 1086 1840Benton, p. 265, line 25. 1087 Trimmer [1854]. 1088 1855Benton, Household 20, line 4. 1089 1855Benton, Household 20, line 4. 1090 1860 U.S. Census, New York, Steuben County, Pulteney Township, Roll: M653_862; Family History Library Film: 803862. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com, p. 23, lines 19-24.

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1091 1860Pulteney, p. 23, lines 19-24. 1092 1855Benton, Household 119, line 41; FindAGrave.com Memorial #52566790. 1093 FindAGrave.com Memorial #52566790. 1094 FindAGrave.com Memorial # 52566828; 1850Benton, p. 130-A, lines 1-11; 1855Benton, Household 119- 20, lines 41-45, 1-4. 1095 Dumas & Conybeare [2008], Volume 1, Torrey Cemeteries, Mount Pleasant Cemetery, p. 66. 1096 1855Benton, Household 119, line 42. 1097 Dumas & Conybeare [2008], Volume 1, Torrey Cemeteries, Mount Pleasant Cemetery, p. 66. 1098 Dumas & Conybeare [2008], Volume 1, Torrey Cemeteries, Mount Pleasant Cemetery, p. 66. 1099 Fold3.com https://www.fold3.com/image/16265496 and https://www.fold3.com/image/16265499. 1100 1830Benton, p. 300, line 2. 1101 Foley [1993:1:535]. 1102 1835Benton, pp.3-4, line 8. 1103 1840Benton, p. 272, line 15. 1104 1850Benton, p. 130-A, lines 1-11. 1105 1850 U.S. Census, Agriculture Schedule, New York, Yates County, Benton Township. Ancestry.com. “Selected U.S. Federal Census Non-Population Schedules, 1850-1880.” Database. http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=1276 Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc., 2010., pp. 575-6, line 19. 1106 Foley [1993:1:535]. 1107 Cleveland [1873:I:300]. 1108 1820Benton, p. 255, line 41. 1109 Foley [1993:1:535]. 1110 1825Benton, pp. 32-3, line 4. 1111 1830Benton, p. 305, line 14. 1112 Map Source: Miller [1969:24]. 1113 1810Smith, p. 38, line 1. 1114 1810Smith, p. 38, line 6. 1115 1810Smith, p. 38, line 4. 1116 1820Smith, p. 218, line 5. 1117 1820Smith, p. 218, line 6. 1118 1820Smith, p. 214, line 16. 1119 1830Smith, p. 269, line 9. 1120 1840Robinson, p. 260, line 4. 1121 1840Smith, p. 43, line 14. 1122 Hartman & Byrd [1994:10]; RootsWeb.com, http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi- bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=presidentialetc&id=I1129. 1123 1840Robinson, p. 86, line 25. 1124 1840Robinson, p. 86, line 27. 1125 1850Robinson, p. 23-A, lines 19-21. 1126 1850Robinson, p. 23-A, lines 19-21. 1127 Map Source: Miller [1969:24]. 1128 1840Pierpont, p. 179, line 11. 1129 1850 U.S. Census, Ohio, Ashtabula County, Pierpont Township, Roll: M432_659. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com, p. 355-A, lines 1-3. 1130 1860 U.S. Census, Ohio, Ashtabula County, Pierpont Township, Roll: 653_933. Digital images. Ancestry.com http://www.ancestry.com. Family History Library Film: 803933, p. 282, lines 3-5. 1131 3 3 In order listed: Leonard FindAGrave.com Memorial # 40440232; ISAIAH F. TRIMMER FindAGrave.com Memorial # 40440145; Amy S.3 FindAGrave.com Memorial # 40440187; and Horace Mordoff FindAGrave.com Memorial # 40440204. 1132 Map Source: Miller [1969].

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