FAMILY Cyprinodontidae Wagner 1828 - ,

SUBFAMILY Cubanichthyinae Parenti 1981 - pupfishes, killifishes Notes: Cubanichthyinae Parenti 1981:519 [ref. 7066] (subfamily)

GENUS Cubanichthys Hubbs, 1926 - killifishes [=Cubanichthys Hubbs [C. L.] 1926:4, Chriopeoides Fowler [H. W.] 1939:4] Notes: [ref. 2233]. Masc. cubensis Eigenmann 1903. by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Cubanichthys Hubbs 1926 -- (Parenti 1981:520 [ref. 7066], Costa 1997:12 [ref. 23302], Lazara 2001:75 [ref. 25711], Wiley & Ghedotti 2003:1160 [ref. 27020], Costa in Reis et al. 2003:549 [ref. 27061], Huber 2005:16 [ref. 28394], Hertwig 2008:166 [ref. 29531]). Current status: Valid as Cubanichthys Hubbs 1926. Cyprinodontidae: Cubanichthyinae. (Chriopeoides) [ref. 1431]. Masc. Chriopeoides pengelleyi Fowler 1939. Type by original designation. Misspelled Chriopeiodes by Itzkowitz 1981:473 [ref. 31371]. •Valid as Chriopeoides Fowler 1939 -- (Huber 2005:16 [ref. 28394]). • of Cubanichthys Hubbs 1926 -- (Parenti 1981:520 [ref. 7066], Lazara 2001:75 [ref. 25711], Costa in Reis et al. 2003:549 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Cubanichthys Hubbs 1926. Cyprinodontidae: Cubanichthyinae.

Species (Eigenmann, 1903) [=Fundulus cubensis Eigenmann [C. H.] 1903:222, Fig. 1] Notes: [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 22 (1902); ref. 1217] Pinar del Rio, Cuba. Current status: Valid as Cubanichthys cubensis (Eigenmann 1903). Cyprinodontidae: Cubanichthyinae. Distribution: River basins in Cuba and Isle of Pines. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

Species Cubanichthys pengelleyi (Fowler, 1939) [=Chriopeoides pengelleyi Fowler [H. W.] 1939:5, Figs. 3-4] Notes: [Notulae Naturae (Philadelphia) No. 35; ref. 1431] Jamaica. Current status: Valid as Cubanichthys pengelleyi (Fowler 1939). Cyprinodontidae: Cubanichthyinae. Distribution: River basins in western Jamaica. Habitat: freshwater

GENUS Yssolebias Huber, 2012 [=Yssolebias Huber [J. H.] 2012:28] Notes: [Killi-Data Series 2012; ref. 32370] Masc. Cyprinodon martae Steindachner 1876. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Yssolebias Huber 2012 -- (Huber 2015:4 [ref. 34041] in tribe Yssolebiini). Current status: Valid as Yssolebias Huber 2012. Cyprinodontidae: Cubanichthyinae.

Species Yssolebias martae (Steindachner, 1876) [=Cyprinodon martae Steindachner [F.] 1876:610 [60]] Notes: [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 72 (1. Abth.); ref. 18772] Santa Marta near the mouth of the Río Magdalena, Colombia. Current status: Valid as Yssolebias martae (Steindachner 1876). Cyprinodontidae: Cubanichthyinae. Distribution: Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

****************************************************************************************************************************** SUBFAMILY Cyprinodontinae Wagner 1828 - pupfishes, killifishes [=Cyprinoidea, Orestiasini, Tellianini, Cyprinodontidae carnivorae, Aphaniini, Lebiatina] Notes: Cyprinoïdae Wagner 1828:1054 [ref. 17823] (family) Cyprinodon [corrected to Cyprinodontes by Müller 1843:320 [ref. 3063]; corrected to Cyprinodontidae by Owen 1846:48 [ref. 32214], confirmed by Huber 2005:4 [ref. 28394]] Orestiasini Bleeker 1859d:XXX [ref. 371] (cohors) Orestias [stem corrected to Orestiad- by Gill 1896g:224 [ref. 32618], confirmed by Huber 2005:8 [ref. 28394]; Jordan & Evermann 1896a:631 [ref. 2443], Meek 1904:118 [ref. 2958], Regan 1911d:325 [ref. 5761], Fowler 1954:225 [ref. 1465], Fowler 1958a:4 [ref. 31840] and Nelson 2006:288 [ref. 32486] used as stem Oresti-; Myers 1931b:12 [ref. 32213] used as stem Orestiat-] Tellianini Bleeker 1863–64:139 [ref. 4859] (stirps) Tellia [nomen oblitum, Huber 2005:6 [ref. 28394] Article 23.9.2] Cyprinodontidae carnivorae Günther 1866:299, 301 [ref. 1983] ? Cyprinodon [no stem of the type genus, not available, Article 11.7.1.1] Aphaniini Hoedeman 1949 in Hoedeman & de Jong 1947–58:X.40.21, p. 5 [ref. 19665] (tribe) Aphanius Lebiatina Costa 1997:13 [ref. 23302] (clade / subtribe) Lebias Goldfuss [invalid, but see ICZN Opinion 2057]

GENUS Cualac Miller, 1956 - checkered pupfishes [=Cualac Miller [R. R.] 1956:1] Notes: [ref. 3018]. Masc. Cualac tessellatus Miller 1956. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Cualac Miller 1956 – (Parenti 1981:529 [ref. 7066], Costa 1997:12 [ref. 23302], Lazara 2001:73 [ref. 25711], Huber 2005:16 [ref. 28394], Scharpf 2007:30 [ref. 30398], Hertwig 2008:166 [ref. 29531]). Current status: Valid as Cualac Miller 1956. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae.

Species Cualac tessellatus Miller, 1956 [=Cualac tessellatus Miller [R. R.] 1956:9, Pl. 1] Notes: [Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology University of Michigan No. 581; ref. 3018] Outlet ditch of La Media Luna, San Luis Potosí, Mexico, about 21°52'N, 100°02'W. Current status: Valid as Cualac tessellatus Miller 1956. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Pánuco River basin, Atlantic Slope of Mexico. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Cyprinodon Lacepede, 1803 - pupfishes [=Cyprinodon Lacepède [B. G. E.] (ex Bosc) 1803:486, Encrates Gistel [J.] 1848:IX, Lebia Oken [L.] (ex Cuvier) 1817:1183, Prinodon Rafinesque [C. S.] 1815:88, Trifarcius Poey [F.] 1860:305] Notes: [ref. 4930]. Masc. Cyprinodon variegatus Lacepède 1803. Type by monotypy. •Valid as Cyprinodon Lacepède 1803 -- (Miller 1976 [ref. 7032], Parenti 1981:526 [ref. 7066], Echelle & Echelle 1993 [ref. 21022], Lozano-Vilano and Contreras-Balderas 1993 [ref. 21105], Costa 1997:12 [ref. 23302], Echelle & Echelle 1998:852 [ref. 23614], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:223 [ref. 24550], Lazara 2001:81 [ref. 25711], Wiley & Ghedotti 2003:1159 [ref. 27020], Costa in Reis et al. 2003:549 [ref. 27061], Echelle et al. 2005:320 [ref. 28245], Strecker 2005:107 [ref. 28252], Huber 2005:16 [ref. 28394], Scharpf 2007:30 [ref. 30398], Hertwig 2008:166 [ref. 29531], Minckley & Marsh 2009:234 [ref. 31114], Martin & Wainwright 2013:231 [ref. 32978]). Current status: Valid as Cyprinodon Lacepède 1803. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. (Encrates) [ref. 1822]. Fem. Cyprinodon variegatus Lacepède 1803. Type by being a replacement name. Replacement for Lebia of "Bon., Räf." [Cuvier], preoccupied by Lebias Cuvier according to Gistel; Lebia is preoccupied by Lebia Latreille 1802 in Coleoptera. •Objective synonym of Cyprinodon Lacepède 1803 -- (Parenti 1981:526 [ref. 7066], Lazara 2001:81 [ref. 25711], Costa in Reis et al. 2003:549 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Cyprinodon Lacepède 1803. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. (Lebia) [ref. 3303]. Fem. Lebia ellipsoidea Lesueur 1821. Type by subsequent monotypy. See Gill 1903:966 [ref. 5768]. Type species as determined by Lazara 1995:502 [ref. 22411]. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Lebia Latreille 1802 in Coleoptera; replaced by Encrates Gistel 1848. Not the same as Lebias. Placed on the Official Index of Rejected and Invalid Generic Names in Zoology (Opinion 2057). •Synonym of Cyprinodon Lacepède 1803 -- (Lazara 2001:81 [ref. 25711], Costa in Reis et al. 2003:549 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Cyprinodon Lacepède 1803. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. (Prinodon) [ref. 3584]. Masc. Cyprinodon variegatus Lacepède 1803. Type by being a replacement name. As "Prinodon R. [Rafinesque] Cyprinodon Lac. [Lacepède]." An available replacement name (unneeded) for Cyprinodon Lacepède 1803. •Objective synonym of Cyprinodon Lacepède 1803 -- (Parenti 1981:526 [ref. 7066], Lazara 2001:81 [ref. 25711], Costa in Reis et al. 2003:549 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Cyprinodon Lacepède 1803. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. (Trifarcius) [ref. 3499]. Masc. Trifarcius riverendi Poey 1860. Type by monotypy. •Synonym of Cyprinodon Lacepède 1803 – (Parenti 1981:526 [ref. 7066], Lazara 2001:81 [ref. 25711] Costa in Reis et al. 2003:549 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Cyprinodon Lacepède 1803. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae.

Species Cyprinodon albivelis Minckley & Miller, in Minckley et al., 2002 [=Cyprinodon albivelis Minckley [W. L.] & Miller [R. R.] in Minckley, Miller & Norris 2002:697, Fig. 4] Notes: [Copeia 2002 (no. 3); ref. 26222] Río Papigóchic at Yepomera, 28°32'W, 107°29'N, Chihuahua, Mexico, elevation 2048 meters. Current status: Valid as Cyprinodon albivelis Minckley & Miller 2002. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Río Papigóchic, Mexico. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cyprinodon alvarezi Miller, 1976 [=Cyprinodon alvarezi Miller [R. R.] 1976:72, Fig. 1D] Notes: [Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences v. 75 (no. 2); ref. 7032] Spring-fed pond at El Potosí, Nuevo León, Mexico, 24°51'N, 100°19'W, elevation 1900 meters. Current status: Valid as Cyprinodon alvarezi Miller 1976. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: El Potosí, Mexico [extinct in the wild]. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cyprinodon arcuatus Minckley & Miller, in Minckley et al., 2002 [=Cyprinodon arcuatus Minckley [W. L.] & Miller [R. R.] in Minckley, Miller & Norris 2002:699, Fig. 5] Notes: [Copeia 2002 (no. 3); ref. 26222] Pond fed by Monkey Spring, tributary to Santa Cruz River, (Gila River basin), 12 kilometers north-northeast of Patagonia, Santa Cruz County, Arizona, U.S.A. Current status: Valid as Cyprinodon arcuatus Minckley & Miller 2002. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Arizona (U.S.A.) and possibly northern Mexico [extinct in the wild]. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cyprinodon artifrons Hubbs, 1936 [=Cyprinodon variegatus artifrons Hubbs [C. L.] 1936:223, Pl. 6 (figs. 1-5)] Notes: [Carnegie Institution of Washington Publications No. 457 (art. 17); ref. 2247] Small streams surrounding Progreso, Yucatán, Mexico. Current status: Valid as Cyprinodon artifrons Hubbs 1936. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Coastal areas of Yucatán Peninsula: Belize and Mexico. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

Species Cyprinodon atrorus Miller, 1968 [=Cyprinodon atrorus Miller [R. R.] 1968:7, Fig. 2] Notes: [Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology University of Michigan No. 659; ref. 7905] South of Cuatro Ciénegas, Coahuila, Mexico (specific locality unknown). Current status: Valid as Cyprinodon atrorus Miller 1968. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Coahuila, Mexico. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cyprinodon beltrani Alvarez, 1949 [=Cyprinodon beltrani Álvarez [J.] 1949:236, Fig. 1] Notes: [Revista de la Sociedad Mexicana de Historia Natural v. 10 (nos 1-4); ref. 12995] Lake Chichankanab, Quintana Roo, Mexico. Current status: Valid as Cyprinodon beltrani Álvarez 1949. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Atlantic slope, Lake Chichancanab, Mexico. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cyprinodon bifasciatus Miller, 1968 [=Cyprinodon bifasciatus Miller [R. R.] 1968:1, Fig. 1] Notes: [Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology University of Michigan No. 659; ref. 7905] Río Puente Colorado, about 11 kilometers south of Cuatro Ciénegas, Río Mesquites system, Coahuila, Mexico. Current status: Valid as Cyprinodon bifasciatus Miller 1968. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Thermal springs in Bolsón de Cuatro Ciénegas, Mexico. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cypinodon bobmilleri Lozano-Vilano & Contreras-Balderas, 1999 [=Cyprinodon bobmilleri Lozano-Vilano [M. de L.] & Contreras-Balderas [S.] 1999:383, Figs. 1 A-B, 2] Notes: [Copeia 1999 (no. 2); ref. 23796] Manantial Baño de San Ignacio, near Linares, San Fernando basin, Nuevo León, Mexico. Current status: Valid as Cyprinodon bobmilleri Lozano-Vilano & Contreras-Balderas 1999. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Manantial Baño de San Ignacio, Atlantic Slope of Mexico. Habitat: brackish.

Species Cyprinodon bondi Myers, 1935 [=Cyprinodon bondi Myers [G. S.] 1935:303] Notes: [Zoologica, Scientific Contributions of the New York Zoological Society v. 10 (no. 3); ref. 3110] Étang Saumâtre, Haiti, West Indies. Current status: Valid as Cyprinodon bondi Myers 1935. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: River basins of Hispanola: Dominican Republic and Haiti. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

Species Cyprinodon bovinus Baird & Girard, 1853 [=Cyprinodon bovinus Baird [S. F.] & Girard [C. F.] 1853:389] Notes: [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 6; ref. 15636] Leon Springs, about 7 kilometers north of Fort Stockton, Rio Grande del Norte, Texas, U.S.A. Current status: Valid as Cyprinodon bovinus Baird & Girard 1853. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Texas, U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cyprinodon brontotheroides Martin & Wainwright, 2013 [=Cyprinodon brontotheroides Martin [C. H.] & Wainwright [P. C.] 2013:237, Figs. 2B, 3B, 4B] Notes: [Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History v. 54 (no. 2); ref. 32978] San Salvador Island, Cresent Pond, 1 km SE of the Gerace Research Center, 24°06'45"N, 74°27'28"W, Bahamas. Current status: Valid as Cyprinodon brontotheroides Martin & Wainwright 2013. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: San Salvador Island, Bahamas. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cyprinodon cecileae Lozano-Vilano & Contreras-Balders, 1993 [=Cyprinodon ceciliae Lozano-Vilano [M. de L.] & Contreras-Balderas [S.] 1993:305, Figs. 3d, 4c] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 4 (no. 4); ref. 21105] Ojo de Agua la Presa, at San Juan de Avilés, 24°11'87"N, 100°04'34"W, Aramberri, Nuevo León, Mexico. Current status: Valid as Cyprinodon ceciliae Lozano-Vilano & Contreras-Balderas 1993. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Ojo de Agua La Presa spring, Mexico. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cyprinodon dearborni Meek, 1909 [=Cyprinodon dearborni Meek [S. E.] 1909:208, Cyprinodon cyaneostriga Ahl [E.] 1938:58] Notes: [Field Columbian Museum, Zoological Series v. 7 (no. 7); ref. 14388] Willemstad, Curaçao, Dutch West Indies. Current status: Valid as Cyprinodon dearborni Meek 1909. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Coastal habitats of northern South America: Colombia, Netherland Antilles and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater. (cyaneostriga) [Zoologischer Anzeiger v. 124 (no. 3-4); ref. 17128] Curaçao, Netherlands Antilles. Current status: Synonym of Cyprinodon dearborni Meek 1909. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cyprinodon desquamator Martin & Wainwright, 2013 [=Cyprinodon desquamator Martin [H. C.] & Wainwright [P. C.] 2013:233, Figs. 3A, 4A, 5A.] Notes: [Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History v. 54 (no. 2); ref. 32978] San Salvador Island, Cresent Pond, 1 km SE of the Gerace Research Center, 24°06'45"N, 74°27'28"W, Bahamas. Current status: Valid as Cyprinodon desquamator Martin & Wainwright 2013. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: San Salvador Island, Bahamas. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cyprinodon diabolis Wales, 1930 [=Cyprinodon diabolis Wales [J. H.] 1930:68] Notes: [Copeia 1930 (no. 3); ref. 16238] Devils Hole, Ash Meadows, Nevada, U.S.A. Current status: Valid as Cyprinodon diabolis Wales 1930. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Devils Hole, Ash Meadows, Nye County, Nevada, U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cyprinodon elegans Barid & Girard, 1853 [=Cyprinodon elegans Baird [S. F.] & Girard [C. F.] 1853:389] Notes: [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 6; ref. 15636] Camanche Springs, Rio Grande del Norte, Texas, U.S.A. Current status: Valid as Cyprinodon elegans Baird & Girard 1853. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Texas, U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cyprinodon eremus Miller & Fuiman, 1987 [=Cyprinodon macularius eremus Miller [R. R.] & Fuiman [L. A.] 1987:596, Figs. 3-4, Cyprinodon macularius sonoytae Peterson [J. S.] 1993:6, Fig.] Notes: [Copeia 1987 (no. 3); ref. 9180] Spring-fed pond, Quitobaquito, Organ Pipe Cactus Natl. Monument, Pima County, Arizona, U.S.A., elevation 332 meters. Current status: Valid as Cyprinodon eremus Miller & Fuiman 1987. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Border area between Arizona, U.S.A. and northern Mexico. Habitat: freshwater. (sonoytae) [Arizona Wildlife News Jan. 1993; ref. 20579] Sonoytae River watershed, Arizona, U.S.A. Current status: Synonym of Cyprinodon eremus Miller & Fuiman 1987. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae.

Species Cyprinodon esconditus Strecker, 2002 [=Cyprinodon esconditus Strecker [U.] 2002:302, Figs. 3-4] Notes: [Cybium v. 26 (no. 4); ref. 26655] Southern end of Laguna Chichancanab at its broadest part, 19°51'10"N, 88°45'58"W, Yucatan Peninsula, Quintana Roo, Mexico. Current status: Valid as Cyprinodon esconditus Strecker 2002. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Lake Chichancanab, Mexico. Habitat: marine.

Species Cyprinodon eximius Girard, 1859 [=Cyprinodon eximius Girard [C. F.] 1859:158] Notes: [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 11 (nos. 60-77); ref. 18087] Río Chihuahua [= Río Chuviscar at Chihuahua City], Mexico. Current status: Valid as Cyprinodon eximius Girard 1859. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Texas (U.S.A.) and northern Mexico. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cyprinodon fontinalis Smith & Miller, 1980 [=Cyprinodon fontinalis Smith [M. L.] & Miller [R. R.] 1980:405, Fig. 1] Notes: [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 93 (no. 2); ref. 8663] About 36 kilometers west of Villa Ahumada (30°35'N, 106°51'W), Mexico. Current status: Valid as Cyprinodon fontinalis Smith & Miller 1980. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Bolsón de los Muertos, Mexico. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cyprinodon higuey Rodriguez & Smith, in Smith et al., 1990 [=Cyprinodon higuey Rodriguez [C. M.] & Smith [M. L.] in Smith, Rodriguez & Lydeard 1990:3, Figs. 2-4] Notes: [American Museum Novitates No. 2990; ref. 20085] Laguna de Bávaro at village of Cabeza de Toro, Altagracia Province, Dominican Republic. Current status: Valid as Cyprinodon higuey Rodriguez & Smith 1990. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Coastal habitats in eastern Hispanola: Dominican Republic. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cyprinodon inmemoriam Lozano-Vilano & Contreras-Balderas, 1993 [=Cyprinodon inmemoriam Lozano-Vilano [M. de L.] & Contreras-Balderas [S.] 1993:299, Fig. 3b] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 4 (no. 4); ref. 21105] Ojo la Trinidad, 24°06.3'N, 100°03.3'W, interior basin of Llanos de Salas, Aramberri, Nuevo León, Mexico. Current status: Valid as Cyprinodon inmemoriam Lozano-Vilano & Contreras-Balderas 1993. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Ojo la Trinidad, Mexico [extinct]. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cyprinodon julimes De la Maza-Benignos & Vela-Valladares, in De la Maza-Benignos, 2009 [=Cyprinodon julimes De la Maza-Benignos [M.] & Vela-Valladares [L.] in De la Maza-Benignos 2009:185] Notes: [Apéndice D] [Los Peces del Río Conchos; ref. 30589] Thermal Spring, "El Pandeño de los Pando", Rio Conchos Basin, Municipality of Julimes, Chihuahua, Mexico. Current status: Valid as Cyprinodon julimes De la Maza-Benignos & Vela-Valladares 2009. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Thermal spring, Rio Conchos Basin, Chihuahua, Mexico. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cyprinodon labiosus Humphries & Miller, 1981 [=Cyprinodon labiosus Humphries [J. M.] & Miller [R. R.] 1981:55, Figs. 3C, 4A, 5C] Notes: [Copeia 1981 (no. 1); ref. 8587] Laguna Chichancanab, in lagoon at southern end on northern side of highway 184, Yucatán, Mexico. Current status: Valid as Cyprinodon labiosus Humphries & Miller 1981. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Lake Chichancanab, Mexico. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cyprinodon laciniatus Hubbs & Miller, 1942 [=Cyprinodon laciniatus Hubbs [C. L.] & Miller [R. R.] 1942:5, Figs. 1A, C, E; Pl. 1] Notes: [Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology University of Michigan No. 458; ref. 10893] Lake Cunningham, New Providence Island, Bahamas. Current status: Valid as Cyprinodon laciniatus Hubbs & Miller 1942. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Bahamas. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

Species Cyprinodon latifasciatus Garman, 1881 [=Cyprinodon latifasciatus Garman [S.] 1881:92] Notes: [Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 8 (no. 3); ref. 1530] Spring near Parras, Coahuila, Mexico. Current status: Valid as Cyprinodon latifasciatus Garman 1881. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Laguna de Mayrán basin, Mexico [extinct]. Habitat: freshwater. Species Cyprinodon longidorsalis Lozano-Vilano & Contreras-Balderas, 1993 [=Cyprinodon longidorsalis Lozano-Vilano [M. de L.] & Contreras-Balderas [S.] 1993:297, Figs. 3a, 4a] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 4 (no. 4); ref. 21105] Charco la Palma, 24°04'N, 100°05.3'W, interior basin of Llanos de Salas, Aramberri, Nuevo León, Mexico. Current status: Valid as Cyprinodon longidorsalis Lozano-Vilano & Contreras-Balderas 1993. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Charco la Palma, Mexico [extinct in wild]. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cyprinodon macrolepis Miller, 1976 [=Cyprinodon macrolepis Miller [R. R.] 1976:74, Fig. 1F] Notes: [Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences v. 75 (no. 2); ref. 7032] El Ojo de la Hacienda Dolores, a hot spring 12.5 kilometers south southwest of Jiménez, Chihuahua, Mexico, elevation 1405 meters. Current status: Valid as Cyprinodon macrolepis Miller 1976. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: El Ojo de la Hacienda Dolores and outlet, Atlantic Slope of Mexico. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cyprinodon macularius Baird & Girard, 1853 [=Cyprinodon macularius Baird [S. F.] & Girard [C. F.] 1853:389, Lucania browni Jordan [D. S.] & Richardson [R. E.] 1907:319, Fig., Cyprinodon californiensis Girard [C. F.] 1859:157] Notes: [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 6; ref. 15636] Rio San Pedro, tributary to Gila River, Arizona, U.S.A. Current status: Valid as Cyprinodon macularius Baird & Girard 1853. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Southwestern U.S.A. (Arizona and California) and northern Mexico. Habitat: freshwater. (browni) [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 33 (no. 1572); ref. 10642] Hot spring, 40 miles south of Calexico, Baja California. Current status: Synonym of Cyprinodon macularius Baird & Girard 1853. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Habitat: freshwater. (californiensis) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 11 (nos. 60-77); ref. 18087] Neighborhood of San Diego, California, U.S.A. Current status: Synonym of Cyprinodon macularius Baird & Girard 1853. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cyprinodon maya Humphries & Miller, 1981 [=Cyprinodon maya Humphries [J. M.] & Miller [R. R.] 1981:55, Figs. 2B, 3B, 5B] Notes: [Copeia 1981 (no. 1); ref. 8587] Laguna Chichancanab, in lagoon at southern end on northern side of highway 184, Yucatán, Mexico. Current status: Valid as Cyprinodon maya Humphries & Miller 1981. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Lake Chichancanab, Mexico. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cyprinodon meeki Miller, 1976 [=Cyprinodon meeki Miller [R. R.] 1976:73, Fig. 1E] Notes: [Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences v. 75 (no. 2); ref. 7032] Pond fed by hot springs, tributary to Río del Tunal, about 9 kilometers east of Durango City, Durango, Mexico, elevation about 1880 meters. Current status: Valid as Cyprinodon meeki Miller 1976. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Headwaters of Mezquital River, Mexico. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cyprinodon nazas Miller, 1976 [=Cyprinodon nazas Miller [R. R.] 1976:72, Fig. 1C] Notes: [Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences v. 75 (no. 2); ref. 7032] Río Nazas near its mouth at San Miguel, near edge of Laguna Mayrán, Coahuila, Mexico, elevation 1092 meters. Current status: Valid as Cyprinodon nazas Miller 1976. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Mexico. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cyprinodon nevadensis Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889 [=Cyprinodon nevadensis Eigenmann [C. H.] & Eigenmann [R. S.] 1889:270, Cyprinodon nevadensis amargosae Miller [R. R.] 1948:28, Pl. 3, Cyprinodon nevadensis calidae Miller [R. R.] 1948:36, Cyprinodon nevadensis mionectes Miller [R. R.] 1948:44, Pl. 5, Cyprinodon nevadensis pectoralis Miller [R. R.] 1948:58, Pl. 6, Cyprinodon nevadensis shoshone Miller [R. R.] 1948:39, Pl. 4] Notes: [Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 2) v. 1; ref. 19653] Saratoga Spring, south arm of Death Valley, Inyo County, California, U.S.A. Current status: Valid as Cyprinodon nevadensis Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Nevada and California, U.S.A.; Saratoga Spring and adjoining lakes, California [subspecies nevadensis]. Habitat: freshwater. (amargosae) [Miscellaneous Publications, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan No. 68; ref. 13064] Amargosa River near Acme, San Bernardino County, California, U.S.A. Current status: Synonym of Cyprinodon nevadensis Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Amargosa River, California [this subspecies]. Habitat: freshwater. (calidae) [Miscellaneous Publications, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan No. 68; ref. 13064] Outlet ditch of South Tecopa Hot Spring, 1/4-1/2 miles below spring source, Inyo County, Nevada, U.S.A. Current status: Synonym of Cyprinodon nevadensis Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Tecopa Hot Springs, Inyo County, California, U.S.A. [extinct]. Habitat: freshwater. (mionectes) [Miscellaneous Publications, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan No. 68; ref. 13064] Big Spring, north-central Ash Meadows, Nye County, Nevada, U.S.A. Current status: Synonym of Cyprinodon nevadensis Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Lower Ash Meadows, Nevada, U.S.A. [subspecies mionectes]. Habitat: freshwater. (pectoralis) [Miscellaneous Publications, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan No. 68; ref. 13064] Concrete pool just below Lovell's Spring, Ash Meadows, Nye County, Nevada, U.S.A. Current status: Synonym of Cyprinodon nevadensis Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Springs around Devils Hole, upper Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nevada, U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater. (shoshone) [Miscellaneous Publications, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan No. 68; ref. 13064] Outlet of Shoshone Spring, near Shoshone, Inyo County, California, U.S.A. Current status: Synonym of Cyprinodon nevadensis Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Outlet of Shoshone Spring, Inyo County, California, U.S.A. [subspecies shoshone]. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cyprinodon nichollsi Smith, 1989 [=Cyprinodon nichollsi Smith [M. L.] 1989:3, Fig. 1] Notes: [American Museum Novitates No. 2953; ref. 20182] Sandy beach at Laguna de Oviedo, 4 kilometerseast of Oviedo on hyw 44, Jaragua Natl. park, Dominican Republic. Current status: Valid as Cyprinodon nichollsi Smith 1989. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Coastal habitats in southern Hispanola: Dominican Republic. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cyprinodon pachycephalus Minckley & Minckley, 1986 [=Cyprinodon pachycephalus Minckley [W. L.] & Minckley [C. O.] 1986:184, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Copeia 1986 (no. 1); ref. 8066] Baños de San Diego, east of Chihuahua, Mexico, 28°35.5'N, 105°32.5'W, elevation about 1140 meters. Current status: Valid as Cyprinodon pachycephalus Minckley & Minckley 1986. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: San Diego de Alcalá, Atlantic Slope of Mexico. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cyprinodon pecosensis Echelle & Echelle, 1978 [=Cyprinodon pecosensis Echelle [A. A.] & Echelle [A. F.] 1978:573, Figs. 2-3] Notes: [Copeia 1978 (no. 4); ref. 8937] Oxbow of Pecos River at Bitter Lake National Wildlife Refuge, Chaves County, New Mexico, U.S.A. Current status: Valid as Cyprinodon pecosensis Echelle & Echelle 1978. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Texas and New Mexico (extinct), U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cyprinodon pisteri Miller & Minckley, in Minckley et al., 2002 [=Cyprinodon pisteri Miller [R. R.] & Minckley [W. L.] in Minckley, Miller & Norris 2002:687, Figs. 1-2, Cyprinodon artatus Hubbs [C. L.] This unpublished Hubbs' manuscript/museum name is mentioned in Minckley et al. 2002:703 Notes: [Copeia 2002 (no. 3); ref. 26222] Ojo de Palomas Viejo (now dry), 5.2 kilometers south of Las Palomas, 31°45'N, 107°40"W, Chihuahua, Mexico. Current status: Valid as Cyprinodon pisteri Miller & Minckley 2002. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Northern Chihuahua, Mexico and southwestern New Mexico (U.S.A.) [introduction]. Habitat: freshwater. (artatus) [ref. 26222]. Current status: Synonym of Cyprinodon pisteri Miller & Minckley 2002. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae.

Species Cyprinodon radiosus Miller, 1948 [=Cyprinodon radiosus Miller [R. R.] 1948:87, Pl. 9] Notes: [Miscellaneous Publications, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan No. 68; ref. 13064] Northwestern spring-feeder of Fish Slough, about 10 miles north of Bishop, Mono County, California, U.S.A. Current status: Valid as Cyprinodon radiosus Miller 1948. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Owens Valley, California, U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cyprinodon riverendi (Poey, 1860) [=Trifarcius riverendi Poey [F.] 1860:306, Trifarcius felicianus Poey [F.] 1868:412, Cyprinodon jamaicensis Fowler [H. W.] 1939:1, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Havana, Cuba. Current status: Valid as Cyprinodon riverendi (Poey 1860). Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Coastal habitats of Cuba and Hispanola and adjacent small islands, Grand Cayman Island and Florida Keys. Habitat: freshwater. (felicianus) [Repertorio Fisico-Natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3505] Havana, Cuba. Current status: Synonym of Cyprinodon riverendi (Poey 1860). Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Habitat: freshwater. (jamaicensis) [Notulae Naturae (Philadelphia) No. 35; ref. 1431] Jamaica. Current status: Synonym of Cyprinodon riverendi (Poey 1860). Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cyprinodon rubrofluviatilis Fowler, 1916 [=Cyprinodon bovinus rubrofluviatilis Fowler [H. W.] 1916:430, Fig. 4] Notes: [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 68; ref. 1394] Rio Brazos, between Seymour and Authon, Texas, U.S.A. Current status: Valid as Cyprinodon rubrofluviatilis Fowler 1916. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Oklahoma and Texas, U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cyprinodon salinus Miller, 1943 [=Cyprinodon salinus Miller [R. R.] 1943:69, Fig. 1; Pl. 1, Cyprinodon milleri LaBounty [J. F.] & Deacon [J. E.] 1972:769] Notes: [Copeia 1943 (no. 2); ref. 11761] Salt Creek, Death Valley, Inyo County, California, U.S.A. Current status: Valid as Cyprinodon salinus Miller 1943. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Salt Creek, Death Valley, Inyo County, California, U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. (milleri) [Copeia 1972 (no. 4); ref. 7623] Cottonball Marsh, Death Valley National Monument, Inyo County, California, U.S.A. Current status: Synonym of Cyprinodon salinus Miller 1943. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Cottonball Marsh, Death Valley National Monument, Inyo County, California, U.S.A. [subspecies milleri]. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

Species Cyprinodon salvadori Lozano-Vilano, 2002 [=Cyprinodon salvadori Lozano-Vilano [M. de L.] 2002:17, Figs. 2 A-B] Notes: [Libro jubilar en honor al Dr. Salvador Contreras Balderas 2002; ref. 27832] Rio Santa Rosa (Bocochic), "a 15.3 kilometers antes de llegar a Carichic" (San Juanito) Chihuahua, Mexico, 27°55'35"N, 107°11'01"W. Current status: Valid as Cyprinodon salvadori Lozano-Vilano 2002. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Río Santa Rosa, Mexico. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cyprinodon simus Humphries & Miller, 1981 [=Cyprinodon simus Humphries [J. M.] & Miller [R. R.] 1981:60, Figs. 3D, 4B, 5D] Notes: [Copeia 1981 (no. 1); ref. 8587] Chichancanab Lagoon, in lagoon at southern end on northern side of highway 184, Yucatán, Mexico. Current status: Valid as Cyprinodon simus Humphries & Miller 1981. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Laguna Chichancanab, Mexico. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cyprinodon suavium Strecker, 2005 [=Cyprinodon suavium Strecker [U.] 2005:109, Figs. 2-3] Notes: [Hydrobiologia No. 541; ref. 28252] Dead end of road from Rancho Santa Cruz, 19°56'46"N, 88°45'52"W, Laguna Chichancanab, Yucatan Peninsula, Quintana Roo, Mexico. Current status: Valid as Cyprinodon suavium Strecker 2005. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Laguna Chichancanab, Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cyprinodon tularosa Miller & Eschelle, 1975 [=Cyprinodon tularosa Miller [R. R.] & Echelle [A. A.] 1975:366, Fig. 1] Notes: [Southwestern Naturalist v. 19 (no. 4); ref. 6887] Malpais Spring, about 26 kilometers west-southwest of Three Rivers, Otero County, Tularosa basin, New Mexico, elevation about 1275 meters. Current status: Valid as Cyprinodon tularosa Miller & Echelle 1975. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Tularosa Valley, New Mexico, U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

Species Cyprinodon variegatus Lacepede, 1803 [=Cyprinodon variegatus Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1803:486, 487, Pl. 15 (fig. 1), Cyprinodon baconi Breder [C. M., Jr.] 1932:1, Fig. 1, Lebia ellipsoidea Lesueur [C. A.] 1821:6, Pl. 2 (figs. 1-3), Cyprinodon gibbosus Baird [S. F.] & Girard [C. F.] 1853:390, Cyprinodon hubbsi Carr [A. F., Jr.] 1936:160, Esox ovinus Mitchill [S. L.] 1815:441, Pl. 4 (fig. 7), Lebias rhomboidalis Valenciennes [A.] in Humboldt & Valenciennes 1821:160, Pl. 51 (figs. 3, 7)] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepéde) v. 5; ref. 4930] Carolinas, U.S.A. Current status: Valid as Cyprinodon variegatus Lacepède 1803. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Massachuttsets to northeastern Mexico; also Antilles. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine. (baconi) [American Museum Novitates No. 551; ref. 16362] Lake Forsyth, Andros Island, Bahamas. Current status: Synonym of Cyprinodon variegatus Lacepède 1803. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Bahamas. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine. (ellipsoidea) [Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia v. 2 (pt 1); ref. 2736] Eastern Florida, U.S.A. Current status: Synonym of Cyprinodon variegatus Lacepède 1803. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine. (gibbosus) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 6; ref. 15636] Indianola, Texas, U.S.A. Current status: Synonym of Cyprinodon variegatus Lacepède 1803. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine. (hubbsi) [Copeia 1936 (no. 3); ref. 17973] Southwestern shore, Lake Eustis, Lake County, Florida, U.S.A. Current status: Synonym of Cyprinodon variegatus Lacepède 1803. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Florida, U.S.A. [subspecies hubbsi when treated as valid]. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine. (ovinus) [Transactions of the Literary and Philosophical Society of New-York v. 1 (art. 5) (for 1814); ref. 13292] New York, U.S.A. Current status: Synonym of Cyprinodon variegatus Lacepède 1803. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Coastal warters from Massachussets to South Carolina, U.S.A. [this subspecies]. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine. (rhomboidalis) [Voyage de Humboldt et Bonpland v. 2 (Title page 1833); ref. 5612] No locality [Lake Ponchatrain, Louisiana, U.S.A.]. Current status: Synonym of Cyprinodon variegatus Lacepède 1803. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine. Species Cyprinodon verecundus Humphries, 1984 [=Cyprinodon verecundus Humphries [J. M.] 1984:62, Fig. 2] Notes: [Copeia 1984 (no. 1); ref. 17432] Chichancanab Lagoon, main body of water, about 3.6 kilometers from northern end of basin, Yucatán, Mexico. Current status: Valid as Cyprinodon verecundus Humphries 1984. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Atlantic slope, Laguna Chichancanab, Mexico. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cyprinodon veronicae Lozano-Vilano & Contreras-Balderas, 1993 [=Cyprinodon veronicae Lozano-Vilano [M. de L.] & Contreras-Balderas [S.] 1993:303, Figs. 3c, 4b] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 4 (no. 4); ref. 21105] Ojo de Agua Charco Azul (= Barreno), 24°09.8'N, 100°03.7'W, Aramberri, Nuevo León, Mexico. Current status: Valid as Cyprinodon veronicae Lozano-Vilano & Contreras-Balderas 1993. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Ojo de Agua Charco Azul, Mexico. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Floridichthys Hubbs, 1926 - pupfishes, killifishes [=Floridichthys Hubbs [C. L.] 1926:16] Notes: [ref. 2233]. Masc. Cyprinodon carpio Günther 1866. Type by original designation (also monotypic). Type designated as "Cyprinodon mydrus Goode & Bean = Cyprinodon carpio Günther" 1866. •Valid as Floridichthys Hubbs 1926 -- (Parenti 1981:530 [ref. 7066], Costa 1997:12 [ref. 23302], Wildekamp 1996:137 [ref. 23649], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:225 [ref. 24550], Lazara 2001:119 [ref. 25711], Wiley & Ghedotti 2003:1160 [ref. 27020], Costa in Reis et al. 2003:550 [ref. 27061], Huber 2005:16 [ref. 28394], Hertwig 2008:166 [ref. 29531], Valdez-Moreno 2010:668 [ref. 31032]). Current status: Valid as Floridichthys Hubbs 1926. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae.

Species Floridichthys carpio Gunther, 1866 [=Cyprinodon carpio Günther [A.] 1866:306, Cyprinodon mydrus Goode [G. B.] & Bean [T. H.] 1882:433] Notes: [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 6; ref. 1983] America [U.S.A.] (exact locality unknown). Current status: Valid as Floridichthys carpio (Günther 1866). Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Florida and Mexico. Habitat: brackish, marine. (mydrus) [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 5 (no. 297); ref. 1840] Pensacola, Florida, 30°25'N, 87°11'W, U.S.A. Current status: Synonym of Floridichthys carpio (Günther 1866). Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

Species Floridichthys polyommus Hubbs, 1936 [=Floridichthys carpio polyommus Hubbs [C. L.] 1936:214, Pl. 3 (figs. 1-3), Floridichthys carpio barbouri Hubbs [C. L.] 1936:216, Pl. 4 (figs. 1-8)] Notes: [Carnegie Institution of Washington Publications No. 457 (art. 17); ref. 2247] Ocean beach near Champoton, Campeche, Yucatán, Mexico. Current status: Valid as Floridichthys polyommus Hubbs 1936. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Coastal habitats of Yucatán Peninsula: Belize, Honduras and Mexico. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. (barbouri) [Carnegie Institution of Washington Publications No. 457 (art. 17); ref. 2247] Cienaga, 2 kilometers southwest of Progreso, 21°15'N, 89°39'W, Yucatán, Mexico. Current status: Synonym of Floridichthys polyommus Hubbs 1936. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

GENUS Jordanella Goode & Bean, in Goode, 1879 - American flagfishes [=Jordanella Goode [G. B.] & Bean [T. H.] in Goode 1879:117, Garmanella Hubbs [C. L.] 1936:218] Notes: [ref. 1836]. Fem. Jordanella floridae Goode & Bean 1879. Type by monotypy. •Valid as Jordanella Goode & Bean 1879 -- (Parenti 1981:528 [ref. 7066], Costa 1997:12 [ref. 23302], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:222 [ref. 24550], Lazara 2001:173 [ref. 25711], Wiley & Ghedotti 2003:1160 [ref. 27020], Huber 2005:16 [ref. 28394], Hoese 2006:745 [ref. 28998], Scharpf 2007:34 [ref. 30398], Hertwig 2008:166 [ref. 29531]). Current status: Valid as Jordanella Goode & Bean 1879. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. (Garmanella) [ref. 2247]. Fem. Garmanella pulchra Hubbs 1936. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Jordanella Goode & Bean 1879 -- (Parenti 1981:528 [ref. 7066]). •Valid as Garmanella Hubbs 1936 -- (Costa 1997:12 [ref. 23302], Lazara 2001:165 [ref. 25711], Wiley & Ghedotti 2003:1160 [ref. 27020], Costa in Reis et al. 2003:550 [ref. 27061], Huber 2005:16 [ref. 28394], Hertwig 2008:166 [ref. 29531]). Current status: Synonym of Jordanella Goode & Bean 1879. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae.

Species Jordanella floridae Goode & Bean, in Goode, 1879 [=Jordanella floridae Goode [G. B.] & Bean [B. A.] in Goode 1879:117] Notes: [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 2 (no. 73); ref. 1836] Lake Monroe, Florida, U.S.A. Current status: Valid as Jordanella floridae Goode & Bean 1879. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Florida, U.S.A.; introduced elsewhere. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

Species Jordanella pulchra (Hubbs, 1936) [=Garmanella pulchra Hubbs [C. L.] 1936:219, Pl. 5 (figs. 1-10)] Notes: [Carnegie Institution of Washington Publications No. 457 (art. 17); ref. 2247] 5 kilometers east of Progreso, Yucatán, Mexico. Current status: Valid as Jordanella pulchra (Hubbs 1936). Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Yucatán Peninsula: Belize and Mexico. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

GENUS Megupsilon Miller & Walters, 1972 - Catarina pupfishes [=Megupsilon Miller [R. R.] & Walters [V.] 1972:2] Notes: [ref. 3020]. Neut. Megupsilon aporus Miller & Walters 1972. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Megupsilon MiIler & Walters 1972 -- (Parenti 1981:531 [ref. 7066], Costa 1997:12 [ref. 23302], Lazara 2001:205 [ref. 25711], Huber 2005:16 [ref. 28394], Scharpf 2007:34 [ref. 30398], Hertwig 2008:166 [ref. 29531]). Current status: Valid as Megupsilon Miller & Walters 1972. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae.

Species Megupsilon aporus Miller & Walters, 1972 [=Megupsilon aporus Miller [R. R.] & Walters [V.] 1972:5, Fig. 3] Notes: [Contributions in Science (Los Angeles) No. 233; ref. 3020] El Potosí, Nuevo León, Mexico. Current status: Valid as Megupsilon aporus Miller & Walters 1972. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Springs and outflows at El Potosí, Mexico. Habitat: freshwater. ******************************************************************************************************************************

SUBFAMILY Orestiinae Bleeker, 1859

GENUS Orestias Valenciennes, 1839 - pupfishes [=Orestias Valenciennes [A.] 1839:118, Protorestias Eigenmann [C. H.] & Allen [W. R.] 1942:353] Notes: [ref. 17870]. Fem. Orestias cuvieri Valenciennes 1846. Type by subsequent designation. Appeared as above with sufficient characters to establish the genus but characters were not provided for the included species, and they date to 1846. Appeared in more detail in Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1846:221 [ref. 1011]. Type designated by Bleeker 1864:140 [ref. 4859]. •Valid as Orestias Valenciennes 1839 -- (Parenti 1984 [ref. 5359], Costa 1997:12 [ref. 23302], Dyer 2000:85 [ref. 26678], Lazara 2001:233 [ref. 25711], Costa in Reis et al. 2003:550 [ref. 27061], Lüssen et al. 2004:55 [ref. 29603], Huber 2005:16 [ref. 28394], Vila 2006:475 [ref. 28797], Hertwig 2008:166 [ref. 29531], Vila et al. 2012:345 [ref. 31748], Cruz-Jofré et al. 2013:597 [ref. 33015]). Current status: Valid as Orestias Valenciennes 1839. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. (Protorestias) [ref. 1246]. Masc. Not available, no description and no type species after 1930; name used to refer to a hypothetical ancestor of the genus Orestias, which makes in unavailable (Art. 1.3.5). Listed under genus Orestias Valenciennes (Parenti 1981:524 [ref. 7066]). •In the synonymy of Orestias Valenciennes 1839. Current status: Synonym of Orestias Valenciennes 1839. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae.

Species Orestias agassii Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846 [=Orestias agassii Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1846:238, Orestias agassizii affinis Garman [S.] 1895:152, Orestias agassizi crequii Pellegrin [J.] 1904:94, Orestias agassizi var. inornata Pellegrin [J.] 1904:93, Orestias langui Tchernavin [V. V.] 1944:192, Figs. 13a-c, Orestias ortonii Cope [E. D.] 1876:186, Orestias rospigliosii Eigenmann [C. H.] & Allen [W. R.] 1942:381, Orestias agassizi var. senechali Pellegrin [J.] 1904:94, Orestias tirapatae Boulenger [G. A.] 1902:153, Orestias agassizi var. typica Pellegrin [J.] 1904:93, Orestias uyunius Fowler [H. W.] 1940:63, Figs. 18-20] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 18; ref. 1011] Río Corocoro, ; San Antonio, Peru. Current status: Valid as Orestias agassii Valenciennes 1846. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Peruvian lakes, eastern , northern Chile and upper Amazon River basin: Bolivia, Chile and Peru. Habitat: freshwater. (affinis) [Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 19 (pt 1); ref. 1538] Lake Umayo, Peru. Current status: Synonym of Orestias agassii Valenciennes 1846. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Habitat: freshwater. (crequii) [Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France v. 29; ref. 15192] . Current status: Synonym of Orestias agassiii Valenciennes 1846. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Habitat: freshwater. (inornata) [Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France v. 29; ref. 15192] South America. Current status: Synonym of Orestias agassii Valenciennes 1846. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Habitat: freshwater. (langui) [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London v. 114 (pts 1-2); ref. 13185] Vila de Langiu, Río Urubamba streams, Peru. Current status: Synonym of Orestias agassii Valenciennes 1846. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Habitat: freshwater. (ortonii) [Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. Second series. v. 8 (pt 2, art. 7); ref. 18032] Lake Titicaca, Bolivia. Current status: Synonym of Orestias agassii Valenciennes 1846. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Habitat: freshwater. (rospigliosii) [Fishes of western South America; ref. 1246] Río Langui, Peru, above elevation of 12000 feet. Current status: Synonym of Orestias agassii Valenciennes 1846. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Habitat: freshwater. (senechali) [Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France v. 29; ref. 15192] Lake Titicaca. Current status: Synonym of Orestias agassii Valenciennes 1846. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Habitat: freshwater. (tirapatae) [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 7) v. 10 (no. 56) (art. 20); ref. 14849] Tirapata, eastern Peru, elevation 13000 feet. Current status: Synonym of Orestias agassizii Valenciennes 1846. Cyprinodontidae: Orestiinae. Habitat: freshwater. (typica) [Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France v. 29; ref. 15192] South America. Current status: Synonym of Orestias agassii Valenciennes 1846. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Habitat: freshwater. (uyunius) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 92; ref. 1436] Llica, Potosi Dept., Bolivia, elevation 12000 feet. Current status: Synonym of Orestias agassii Valenciennes 1846. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Orestias alba Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846 [=Orestias albus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1846:242, Orestias neveui Pellegrin [J.] 1904:95] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 18; ref. 1011] Tributaries of Lake Titicaca. Current status: Valid as Orestias alba Valenciennes 1846. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Lake Titicaca: Bolivia and Peru. Habitat: freshwater. (neveui) [Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France v. 29; ref. 15192] Lake Titicaca. Current status: Synonym of Orestias alba Valenciennes 1846. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Orestias ascotanensis Parenti, 1984 [=Orestias ascotanensis Parenti [L. R.] 1984:196, Fig. 58] Notes: [Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History v. 178 (art. 2); ref. 5359] Lago Ascotán, Chile. Current status: Valid as Orestias ascotanensis Parenti 1984. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Lake Ascotán, Chile. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Vila & Pinto, 1987 [=Orestias chungarensis Vila [I.] & Pinto [M.] 1987:234, Figs. 3-6] Notes: [Revue d'Hydrobiologie Tropicale v. 19 (nos 3-4) (for 1986); ref. 9096] Western littoral region of Lake Chungará, Chile. Current status: Valid as Orestias chungarensis Vila & Pinto 1987. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Lake Chungará, Chile. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Orestias crawfordi Tchernavin, 1944 [=Orestias crawfordi Tchernavin [V. V.] 1944:226, Fig. 25] Notes: [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London v. 114 (pts 1-2); ref. 13185] Taman Bay, northeastern side of Capachica Peninsula, Lake Titicaca, depth 36-38 meters. Current status: Valid as Orestias crawfordi Tchernavin 1944. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Lake Titicaca, Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Orestias ctenolepis Parenti, 1984 [=Orestias ctenolepis Parenti [L. R.] 1984:194, Fig. 57 A-B] Notes: [Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History v. 178 (art. 2); ref. 5359] Headwaters of the Río Zapatilla, Río Camellaque, Chucuito Province, Peru. Current status: Valid as Orestias ctenolepis Parenti 1984. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Lake Titicaca basin, Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Orestias cuvieri Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846 [=Orestias cuvieri Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1846:225, Pl. 532, Orestias humboldti Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1846:534] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 18; ref. 1011] Lake Titicaca, Peru. Current status: Valid as Orestias cuvieri Valenciennes 1846. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Lake Titicaca: Bolivia and Peru. Habitat: freshwater. (humboldti) [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 18; ref. 1011] Lake Titicaca. Current status: Synonym of Orestias cuvieri Valenciennes 1846. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Orestias elegans Garman, 1895 [=Orestias elegans Garman [S.] 1895:149] Notes: [Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 19 (pt 1); ref. 1538] Small lakes among headwaters of Río Rimac, Peru. Current status: Valid as Orestias elegans Garman 1895. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Santa Eulalia River, Pacific slope of Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Orestias empyraeus Allen, in Eigenmann & Allen, 1942 [=Orestias empyraeus Allen [W. R.] in Eigenmann & Allen 1942:367, Pl. 20 (fig. 2)] Notes: [Fishes of western South America; ref. 1246] Lago Junin, Peru. Current status: Valid as Orestias empyraeus Allen 1942. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: and upper Amazon River basin, Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Orestias forgeti Lauzanne, 1981 [=Orestias forgeti Lauzanne [L.] 1981:79, Fig. 5] Notes: [Cybium 3e série. Bulletin de la Société Française d'Ichtyologie v. 5 (no. 3); ref. 8579] Tiquina, Lake Titicaca, Bolivia. Current status: Valid as Orestias forgeti Lauzanne 1981. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Lake Titicaca: Bolivia and Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Orestias frontosa Cope, 1876 [=Orestias frontosus Cope [E. D.] 1876:187, Orestias agassii infra. pequeni Tchernavin [V. V.] 1944:185, Fig. 8] Notes: [Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. Second series. v. 8 (pt 2, art. 7); ref. 18032] Lake Titicaca, Bolivia. Current status: Valid as Orestias frontosa Cope 1876. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Lake Titicaca: Bolivia and Peru. Habitat: freshwater. (pequeni) [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London v. 114 (pts 1-2); ref. 13185] Lago Pequeño, eastern part of Lake Titicaca, Bolivia. Current status: Synonym of Orestias frontosa Cope 1876. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Habitat: freshwater. Species Orestias gilsoni Tchernavin, 1944 [=Orestias gilsoni Tchernavin [V. V.] 1944:217, Figs. 20] Notes: [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London v. 114 (pts 1-2); ref. 13185] Taquiri Island, Lago Pequeño, southeastern Lake Titicaca, Bolivia, depth 2.7-2.8 meters. Current status: Valid as Orestias gilsoni Tchernavin 1944. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Lake Titicaca basin, Bolivia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Orestias gloriae Vila et al., 2012 [=Orestias gloriae Vila [I.], Scott [S.], Mendez [M. A.], Valenzuela [F.], Iturra [P.] & Poulin [E.] 2012:347, Figs. 2-4] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 22 (no. 4); ref. 31748] Springs of Carcote saltpan, 21°16'58.6"S, 68°19'28.4"W, Loa Province, Chile, elevation 3706 meters. Current status: Valid as Orestias gloriae Vila, Scott, Mendez, Valenzuela, Iturra & Poulin 2012. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Carcote saltpan springs, Loa Province, Chile. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Orestias gracilis Parenti, 1984 [=Orestias gracilis Parenti [L. R.] 1984:172, Fig. 37] Notes: [Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History v. 178 (art. 2); ref. 5359] Northeastern side of Lago Pequeño, village of Huatajata, Lake Titicaca, Bolivia. Current status: Valid as Orestias gracilis Parenti 1984. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Lake Titicaca: Bolivia and Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Orestias gymnota Parenti, 1984 [=Orestias gymnotus Parenti [L. R.] 1984:192, Fig. 55] Notes: [Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History v. 178 (art. 2); ref. 5359] Near Quishuarcancha, northwest of Cerro de Pasco, Pasco Province, northern Peru, elevation about 4062 meters. Current status: Valid as Orestias gymnota Parenti 1984. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Upper Amazon River basin, Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Orestias hardini Parenti, 1984 [=Orestias hardini Parenti [L. R.] 1984:193, Fig. 56] Notes: [Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History v. 178 (art. 2); ref. 5359] Lago Yanacocha, about 10°S, 77°15'W, Peru. Current status: Valid as Orestias hardini Parenti 1984. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Yancococha and Llacsha lakes, Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Orestias imarpe Parenti, 1984 [=Orestias imarpe Parenti [L. R.] 1984:205, Fig. 70] Notes: [Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History v. 178 (art. 2); ref. 5359] Near village of Ojjerani, between Puno and Chucuito, Bahia de Puno, Lake Titicaca, Peru. Current status: Valid as Orestias imarpe Parenti 1984. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Lake Titicaca: Bolivia and Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Orestias incae Garman, 1895 [=Orestias incae Garman [S.] 1895:155, Pl. 3 (fig. 9)] Notes: [Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 19 (pt 1); ref. 1538] Bahía de Moho, Lake Titicaca, Peru. Current status: Valid as Orestias incae Garman 1895. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Lake Titicaca: Bolivia and Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Orestias ispi Lauzanne, 1981 [=Orestias ispi Lauzanne [L.] 1981:73, Fig. 3] Notes: [Cybium 3e série. Bulletin de la Société Française d'Ichtyologie v. 5 (no. 3); ref. 8579] Tiquina, Lake Titicaca, Bolivia. Current status: Valid as Orestias ispi Lauzanne 1981. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Lake Titicaca: Bolivia and Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Orestias jussiei Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846 [=Orestias jussiei Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1846:235, Pl. 535, Orestias owenii Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1846:241] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 18; ref. 1011] Lake Titicaca; Río Guaracona; Lake Chinchoro, near Cuzco, Peru. Current status: Valid as Orestias jussiei Valenciennes 1846. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Upper Amazon River basin, Peru. Habitat: freshwater. (owenii) [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 18; ref. 1011] Lake Urcos, south of Cusco, Peru. Current status: Synonym of Orestias jussiei Valenciennes 1846. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Arratia, 1982 [=Orestias laucaensis Arratia [G.] 1982:103, Fig. 5B] Notes: [Peces del Altiplano de Chile v. 1; ref. 22500] Río Lauca, Parinacota, Chile, elevation about 4300 meters. Current status: Valid as Orestias laucaensis Arratia 1982. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Lauca River basin, Chile. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Orestias lutea Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846 [=Orestias luteus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1846:243, Orestias cypho Fowler [H. W.] 1916:427, Fig. 3, Orestias farfani Parenti [L. R.] 1984:178, Fig. 42, Orestias rotundipinnis Parenti [L. R.] 1984:176, Fig. 41] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 18; ref. 1011] Lake Titicaca. Current status: Valid as Orestias lutea Valenciennes 1846. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Lake Titicaca basin: Bolivia and Peru. Habitat: freshwater. (cypho) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 68; ref. 1394] La Paz, Bolivia (from a snake). Current status: Synonym of Orestias lutea Valenciennes 1846. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Habitat: freshwater. (farfani) [Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History v. 178 (art. 2); ref. 5359] Near the village of Vilurcuni, Lake Pequeño, Lake Titicaca, Peru, depth 1-2 meters. Current status: Synonym of Orestias lutea Valenciennes 1846. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Orestias minimus Tchernavin, 1944 [=Orestias minimus Tchernavin [V. V.] 1944:216, Fig. 19] Notes: [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London v. 114 (pts 1-2); ref. 13185] Molinopampa, east of Juli, southeastern coast of Lake Titicaca, Bolivia. Current status: Valid as Orestias minima Tchernavin 1944. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Lake Titicaca basin: Bolivia and Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Orestias minutus Tchernavin, 1944 [=Orestias minutus Tchernavin [V. V.] 1944:215, Fig. 18] Notes: [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London v. 114 (pts 1-2); ref. 13185] Uruni Bay, north side of Capachica Peninsula, Lake Titicaca. Current status: Valid as Orestias minuta Tchernavin 1944. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Lake Titicaca, Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Orestias mooni Tchernavin, 1944 [=Orestias mooni Tchernavin [V. V.] 1944:228, Fig. 26] Notes: [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London v. 114 (pts 1-2); ref. 13185] Cota Bay in Puno Bay, Lake Titicaca, Peru, depth 23 meters. Current status: Valid as Orestias mooni Tchernavin 1944. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Lake Titicaca, Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Orestias mulleri Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846 [=Orestias mulleri Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1846:240] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 18; ref. 1011] Lake Titicaca near Guaichu, Peru, 15°32'S, 71°37'W. Current status: Valid as Orestias mulleri Valenciennes 1846. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Lake Titicaca, Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Orestias multiporis Parenti, 1984 [=Orestias multiporis Parenti [L. R.] 1984:198, Fig. 60] Notes: [Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History v. 178 (art. 2); ref. 5359] Maravillas, near Río de Lampa, tributary to Lake Titicaca, Peru. Current status: Valid as Orestias multiporis Parenti 1984. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Lake Titicaca basin, Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Orestias mundus Parenti, 1984 [=Orestias mundus Parenti [L. R.] 1984:199, Fig. 61] Notes: [Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History v. 178 (art. 2); ref. 5359] Cuzco, Peru. Current status: Valid as Orestias munda Parenti 1984. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Upper Amazon River basin, Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Orestias olivacea Garman, 1895 [=Orestias olivaceus Garman [S.] 1895:152] Notes: [Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 19 (pt 1); ref. 1538] Lake Umayo, 9 miles northwest of and 400 feet higher than Lake Titicaca, Peru. Current status: Valid as Orestias olivacea Garman 1895. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Lake Titicaca basin: Bolivia and Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Arratia, 1982 [=Orestias parinacotensis Arratia [G.] 1982:100, Fig. 5A] Notes: [Peces del Altiplano de Chile v. 1; ref. 22500] Bofedales de Parinacota, Chile, about elevation 4300 meters. Current status: Valid as Orestias parinacotensis Arratia 1982. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Parinocota River and Andean basin of Pacific slope of northern Chile. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Orestias pentlandii Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846 [=Orestias pentlandii Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1846:230, Pl. 533, Orestias bairdii Cope [E. D.] 1876:185, Orestias pentlandii var. fuscus Garman [S.] 1895:148] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 18; ref. 1011] Lake Titicaca. Current status: Valid as Orestias pentlandii Valenciennes 1846. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Lake Titicaca and upper Amazon River basin: Bolivia and Peru. Habitat: freshwater. (bairdii) [Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. Second series. v. 8 (pt 2, art. 7); ref. 18032] Lake Titicaca, Bolivia. Current status: Synonym of Orestias pentlandii Valenciennes 1846. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Habitat: freshwater. (fuscus) [Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 19 (pt 1); ref. 1538] Cuzco Valley, Peru. Current status: Synonym of Orestias pentlandii Valenciennes 1846. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Orestias piacotensis Vila, 2006 [=Orestias piacotensis Vila [I.] 2006:473, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Copeia 2006 (no. 3); ref. 28797] Eastern littoral zone of Laguna Piacota, 18°11'49.8"S, 69°15'56.9"W, Arica County, Chile. elevation 4400 meters. Current status: Valid as Orestias piacotensis Vila 2006. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Lake Piacota at the Altiplano, Parinacota Province, Chile. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Orestias polonorum Tchernavin, 1944 [=Orestias polonorum Tchernavin [V. V.] 1944:195, Fig. 12] Notes: [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London v. 114 (pts 1-2); ref. 13185] Lake Junin, Peru. Current status: Valid as Orestias polonorum Tchernavin 1944. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Lake Junin, Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Orestias puni Tchernavin, 1944 [=Orestias jussiei puni Tchernavin [V. V.] 1944:194, Figs. 11a-b] Notes: [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London v. 114 (pts 1-2); ref. 13185] Bahia de Puno, Lake Titicaca, Peru. Current status: Valid as Orestias puni Tchernavin 1944. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Lake Titicaca basin, Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Orestias richersoni Parenti, 1984 [=Orestias richersoni Parenti [L. R.] 1984:197, Fig. 59] Notes: [Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History v. 178 (art. 2); ref. 5359] Río Coata upstream from Coata, Lake Titicaca drainage, Peru. Current status: Valid as Orestias richersoni Parenti 1984. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Lake Titicaca basin, Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Orestias robusta Parenti, 1984 [=Orestias robustus Parenti [L. R.] 1984:207, Fig. 72] Notes: [Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History v. 178 (art. 2); ref. 5359] Near village of Ojjerani, between Puno and Chucuito, Bahia de Puno, Lake Titicaca, Peru. Current status: Valid as Orestias robusta Parenti 1984. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Lake Titicaca basin, Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Orestias rotundipinnis (Parenti, 1984) [=Orestias rotundipinnis Parenti [L. R.] 1984:176, Fig. 41] Notes: [Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History v. 178 (art. 2); ref. 5359] Northeast of Isla Esteves, Bahia de Puno, Lake Titicaca, Peru. Current status: Valid as Orestias rotundipinnis Parenti 1984. Cyprinodontidae: Orestiinae. Distribution: Peru and Bolivia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Orestias silustani Allen, in Eigenmann & Allen, 1942 [=Orestias silustani Allen [W. R.] in Eigenmann & Allen 1942:366, Pl. 19 (fig. 1)] Notes: [Fishes of western South America; ref. 1246] Lago Umayo, Peru. Current status: Valid as Orestias silustani Allen 1942. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Lake Titicaca basin, Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Orestias taquiri Tchernavin, 1944 [=Orestias taquiri Tchernavin [V. V.] 1944:221, Fig. 22] Notes: [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London v. 114 (pts 1-2); ref. 13185] Taquiri Island, Lago Pequeño, southeastern Lake Titicaca, Bolivia, depth 2.7-2.8 meters. Current status: Valid as Orestias taquiri Tchernavin 1944. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Lake Titicaca, Bolivia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Orestias tchernavini Lauzanne, 1981 [=Orestias tchernavini Lauzanne [L.] 1981:84, Fig. 6] Notes: [Cybium 3e série. Bulletin de la Société Française d'Ichtyologie v. 5 (no. 3); ref. 8579] Tiquina, Lake Titicaca, Bolivia. Current status: Valid as Orestias tchernavini Lauzanne 1981. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Lake Titicaca, Bolivia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Orestias tomcooni Parenti, 1984 [=Orestias tomcooni Parenti [L. R.] 1984:206, Figs. 4B, 18A, 71] Notes: [Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History v. 178 (art. 2); ref. 5359] Near the village of Huatayata, northern side of Lago Pequeño of Lake Titicaca, Bolivia. Current status: Valid as Orestias tomcooni Parenti 1984. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Lake Titicaca: Bolivia and Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Orestias tschudii Castelnau, 1855 [=Orestias tschudii Castelnau [F. L.] 1855:51, Pl. 27 (fig. 1)] Notes: [Animaux nouveaux or rares v. 2; ref. 766] Lake Titicaca. Current status: Valid as Orestias tschudii Castelnau 1855. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Lake Titicaca: Bolivia and Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Orestias tutini Tchernavin, 1944 [=Orestias tutini Tchernavin [V. V.] 1944:219, Fig. 21] Notes: [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London v. 114 (pts 1-2); ref. 13185] Taquiri Island, Lago Pequeño, southeastern Lake Titicaca, Bolivia, depth 2.7-2.8 meters. Current status: Valid as Orestias tutini Tchernavin 1944. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Lake Titicaca, Bolivia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Orestias uruni Tchernavin, 1944 [=Orestias uruni Tchernavin [V. V.] 1944:213, Fig. 17] Notes: [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London v. 114 (pts 1-2); ref. 13185] Uruni Bay, north side of Capachica Peninsula, Lake Titicaca, Peru. Current status: Valid as Orestias uruni Tchernavin 1944. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Lake Titicaca, Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Orestias ututo Parenti, 1984 [=Orestias ututo Parenti [L. R.] 1984:200, Fig. 62] Notes: [Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History v. 178 (art. 2); ref. 5359] Lago Ututo, Peru, about 9°50'S, 77°30'W. Current status: Valid as Orestias ututo Parenti 1984. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. Distribution: Upper Amazon River basin, Peru. Habitat: freshwater

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Unavailable names, uncertain taxa dimidiatus, Cyprinodon Poey [F.] 2000:722, Pl. 410 (fig. 6) [Ictiologia Cubana. Posthumous transcription of original unpublished manuscript (1884) by M. Sánchez Roig and F. Gómez de la Maza v. 1-3; ref. 26366] Not available; not explicitly proposed as new [see Art. 16.1 of the Code]. Posthumous publication. Figured specimen listed as type. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. integer, Cyprinodon Poey [F.] 2000:722, Pl. 410 (fig. 5) [Ictiologia Cubana. Posthumous transcription of original unpublished manuscript (1884) by M. Sánchez Roig and F. Gómez de la Maza v. 1-3; ref. 26366] Not available; not explicitly proposed as new [see Art. 16.1 of the Code]. Posthumous publication. Figured specimen listed as type. Cyprinodontidae. variegatus, Cyprinus Bosc [L. A. G.] in Lacepède 1803:486, 487 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepéde) v. 5; ref. 4930] Not available, name in footnote in account of Cyprinodon variegatus. Cyprinodontidae: Cyprinodontinae. cyprinutus, Orestias Valenciennes [A.] in Paepke & Seegers 1986:171 [Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin v. 62 (no. 1); ref. 19981] Not available; name in museum catalog included in type catalog by Paepke & Seegers 1986:171 [ref. 19981]. •Nomen nudum -- (Lazara 2001:242 [ref. 25711]). Cyprinodontidae: Orestiinae. ispia, Orestias Valenciennes [A.] in Paepke & Seegers 1986:171 [Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin v. 62 (no. 1); ref. 19981] Not available; name in museum catalog included in type catalog by Paepke & Seegers as above. •Nomen nudum -- (Lazara 2001:242 [ref. 25711]). Cyprinodontidae: Orestiinae. lastarriae, Oriastes Philippi [R. A.] 1876:261 [Anales de la Universidad de Chile 48 (sec. 1); ref. 12724] Lakes east of Lima, Peru, depth 4500 meters. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. Original genus should have been Orestias; named for a man so specific name should be changed to lastarriai. •Senior synonym of Orestias elegans Garman 1895 and probably a junior synonym of Orestias agassizii Valenciennes 1846 -- (Huber 2000:49 [ref. 24475] retaining the spelling lastarriae). •Valid as Orestias lastarriae Philippi 1876 -- (Lazara 2001:238 [ref. 25711]). •Species inquirenda in Orestias -- (Costa in Reis et al. 2003:550 [ref. 27061]). Cyprinodontidae: Orestiinae. Distribution: Peru. Habitat: freshwater. microdon, Orestias Cuvier [G.] & Valenciennes [A.] in Paepke & Seegers 1986:171 [Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin v. 62 (no. 1); ref. 19981] Not available; name in museum catalog included in type catalog by Paepke & Seegers as above. •Nomen nudum - (Lazara 2001:242 [ref. 25711]). Cyprinodontidae: Orestiinae. planiaster, Orestias Valenciennes [A.] in Paepke & Seegers 1986:171 [Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin v. 62 (no. 1); ref. 19981] Not available; name in museum catalog included in type catalog by Paepke & Seegers as above. •Nomen nudum -- (Lazara 2001:242 [ref. 25711]). Cyprinodontidae: Orestiinae. taeniatus, Orestias Valenciennes [A.] in Paepke & Seegers 1986:171 [Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin v. 62 (no. 1); ref. 19981] Not available; name in museum catalog included in type catalog by Paepke & Seegers as above. •Nomen nudum -- (Lazara 2001:242 [ref. 25711], Huber 2006:14 [ref. 28935]). Cyprinodontidae: Orestiinae. Habitat: freshwater.