Iran. J. Ichthyol. (March 2018), 5(1): 1–29 Received: January 5, 2018 © 2018 Iranian Society of Ichthyology Accepted: March 1, 2018 P-ISSN: 2383-1561; E-ISSN: 2383-0964 doi: 10.22034/iji.v5i1.267 http://www.ijichthyol.org

Review Article

Cyprinodontid fishes of the world: an updated list of taxonomy, distribution and conservation status (Teleostei: Cyprinodontoidea)

Hamid Reza ESMAEILI1*, Tayebeh ASRAR1, Ali GHOLAMIFARD2

1Ichthyology and Molecular Systematics Research Laboratory, Zoology Section, Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. 2Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Lorestan University, 6815144316 Khorramabad, Iran.

Email: [email protected]

Abstract: This checklist aims to list all the reported cyprinodontid fishes (superfamily Cyprinodontoidea/pupfishes) of the world. It lists 141 species in 8 genera and 4 families. The most diverse family is Cyprinodontidae (54 species, 38%), followed by Orestiidae (45 species, 32%), Aphaniidae (39 species, 28%), and Cubanichthyidae (3 species, 2%). Among 141 listed species, 73 (51.8%) species are Not Evaluated (NE), 15 (10.6%) Least Concern (LC), 9 (6.4%) Vulnerable (VU), 3 (2.1%) Data Deficient (DD), 11 (7.8%) Critically Endangered (CR), 4 (2.8%) Near Threatened (NT), 18 (12.8%) Endangered (EN), 3 (2.1%) Extinct in the Wild (EW) and 5 (3.5%) Extinct of the Red List of IUCN. They inhabit in the fresh, brackish and marine waters of the United States, Middle America, the West Indies, parts of northern South America, North Africa, the Mediterranean Anatolian region, coastal areas of the Persian Gulf and Makran Sea (Oman Sea), the northern Arabian Sea east to Gujarat in India, and some endorheic basins of Iran, Pakistan and the Arabian Peninsula.

Keywords: Biodiversity, Conservation, Checklist, Cyprinodontiformes.

Citation: Esmaeili, H.R., Asrar, T. & Gholamifard, A. 2018. Cyprinodontid fishes of the world: an updated list of taxonomy, distribution and conservation status (Teleostei: Cyprinodontoidea). Iranian Journal of Ichthyology 5(1): 1-29.

Introduction Cyprinodontidae (Parenti 1981; Nelson et al. 2016). Cyprinodontoid fishes (superfamily Cyprinodontoid- However, there have been controversial debates ea/pupfishes) are a diverse superfamily of Cyprinod- about the family group names of fishes placed in ontiformes inhabiting fresh, brackish and coastal Cyprinodontidae. According to Nelson et al. (2016) marine waters of the United States, Middle America, Cyprinodontidae family comprises two subfamilies the West Indies, parts of northern South America, Cubanichthyinae (one genus, Cubanichthys, with two North Africa, the Mediterranean Anatolian region, species) and Cyprinodontinae [with two tribes, coastal areas of the Persian Gulf and Makran (Oman) Orestiini (with two genera of Aphanius and Orestias) Sea, the northern Arabian Sea east to Gujarat in India, and Cyprinodontini (with 6 genera, Cualac, and some endorheic basins of Iran, Pakistan and the Cyprinodon, Floridichthys, Garmanella, Jordanella, Arabian Peninsula (see Nelson et al. 2016; Esmaeili and Megupsilon)]. Eschmayer et al. (2018) included et al. 2017a; Freyhof et al. 2017a). Based on members of the family Cyprinodontidae in 4 morphological characters, all members of this subfamilies, Cubanichthyinae (3 species), Cypri- superfamily were placed in a single family, nodontinae (54 species), Orestiinae (46 species), and 1

Iran. J. Ichthyol. (March 2018), 5(1): 1-29

Aphaniinae (38 species). Freyhof et al. (2017b), 18 (12.8%) Endangered (EN), 3 (2.1%) Extinct in the based on concepts proposed by Parenti (1981), Costa Wild (EW) and 5 (3.5%) Extinct of the Red List of (2015), Pohl et al. (2015), Helmstetter et al. (2016) IUCN (Fig. 2). and Reznick et al. (2017) considered all the cyprinodontid fishes in 4 families: Aphaniidae (with Superfamily Cyprinodontoidea 1 genus, Aphanius), Cubanichthyidae (with 1 genus, Family Aphaniidae Hoedeman, 1949 (1 genus and 39 Cubanichthys), Cyprinodontidae (with 5 genera, species) Cualac, Cyprinodon, Floridichthys, Jordanella and Genus Aphanius Nardo, 1827 Megupsilon) and Orestiidae (with 1 genus, Orestias). Aphanius Nardo [G. D.] 1827:34, 39-40. Masc. Here, we follow Freyhof et al. (2017b) and also Aphanius nanus Nardo, 1827. Type by subsequent Bragança et al. (2018). designation. Also in Isis, v. 20:482 (seen). Type designated by Jordan 1917:121. Proposal submitted Materials and Methods to the ICZN to conserve this name (Kottelat & This checklist has been compiled from the works Wheeler 2001:110); conserved in Opinion 2057. listed in the references (see selected bibliography, Name was placed on the Official List of Specific e.g., Miller 1943, 1948, 1956, 1968, 1976; Names in Zoology (Opinion 2057). Tchernavin 1944; Humphries & Miller 1981; Comment: Lebias Goldfuss [G. A.] 1820. Masc. Lauzanne 1981; Parenti 1981, 1984; Coad 1988, Lebias fasciata Valenciennes 1821. Type by 2009; Lozano-Vilano & Contreras-Balderas 1993; subsequent designation. Formerly placed in the Cruz-Jofré et al. 2013; Costa 2015; Esmaeili et al. genera Lebias Goldfuss, 1820 or Cyprinodon 2012, 2014, 2017; Gholami et al. 2014; Teimori et al. Lacepède, 1809. 2011, 2012, 2014; Freyhof et al. 2017a, b; Eschmeyer et al. 2018) and material deposited in the ZM-CBSU, 1. Aphanius almiriensis Kottelat, Barbieri & Zoological Museum of Shiraz University, Collection Stoumboudi, 2007 of Biology Department, Shiraz. Genera and species Aphanius almiriensis, Kottelat [M.], Barbieri [R.] & were arranged alphabetically; scientific names and Stoumboudi [M. T.] 2007:15, figs. 1-2 (left) authorities were corroborated following Eschmeyer [RevueSuisse de Zoologie v. 114 (no. 1)]. et al. (2018). English/common names are given. The EN: Almiri tooth-carp. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species was followed Type locality: Brackish water spring Kokosi at to show conservation status of each species. southern end of Almiri beach, at Kato Almiri, about 4 kilometers south of Loutra Elenis, 37°50'32"N, Results 23°00'58"E, Korinthia District, Peloponnese, Greece. The cyprinodontid fishes (superfamily Cyprinod- Holotype: MHNG 2654.087. ontoidea/pupfishes) of the world comprise 141 Distribution: Greece. species in 8 genera and 4 families (Fig. 1). The most IUCN: Critically Endangered. diverse family is Cyprinodontidae (54 species, 38%), followed by Orestiidae (45 species, 32%), 2. Aphanius anatoliae (Leidenfrost, 1912) Aphaniidae (39 species, 28%), and Cubanichthyidae Cyprinodon anatoliae, Leidenfrost [G.] 1912:159, (3 species, 2%). Among 141 listed species, 73 fig. 1, p. 130 of Hungarian text [Allatani (51.8%) species are Not Evaluated (NE), 15 (10.6%) Közlemények, Budapest. v. 11]. Least Concern (LC), 9 (6.4%) Vulnerable (VU), 3 EN: Lake Tuz tooth-carp. (2.1%) Data Deficient (DD), 11 (7.8%) Critically Type locality: Near the village Jazla Jayla, near the Endangered (CR), 4 (2.8%) Near Threatened (NT), Kradzsa Da mountain, Asia Minor. 2 Esmaeili et al.- Cyprinodontid fishes of the world

Fig.1. Number of fish species in different families.

Fig.2. Percentage of fish species in different IUCN category. Distribution: Turkey. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-4307 (12), ZMB 3497 (2). IUCN: Near Threatened. EN: Algerian tooth-carp, Atlaskaerpfling Type locality: Springs of Tell, south of Constantine, 3. Aphanius apodus (Gervais, 1853) Algeria. Telliaapoda, Gervais [F. L. P.] 1853:15 [Annales des Distribution: Algeria. Sciences Naturelles, Paris (Zoologie) (Sér. 3) v. 19]. IUCN: Data Deficient.

3 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (March 2018), 5(1): 1-29

4. Aphanius arakensis Teimori, Esmaeili, Gholami, Type locality: Spring in Sandarémek village, Evérek, Zarei & Reichenbacher, 2012 Asia Minor. Syntypes: BMNH 1896.1.29.1-5 (5). Aphanius arakensis, Teimori [A.], Esmaeili [H. R.], Distribution: Central Turkey [if valid]. Gholami [Z.], Zarei [N.] & Reichenbacher [B.] IUCN: Least Concern. 2012:62, figs. 2A, B, 5 [ZooKeys No. 215]. Remarks: The validity of this species is under EN: Arak tooth-carp. question. It might be considered as synonym of Type locality: Small pond, Namak Lake basin, Aphanius danfordii (Boulenger 1890) (see Huber 34°00'N, 49°50'E, 5 km southeast of the city of Arak, 2015; Freyhof et al. 2017b). Iran, elevation 1786 meters. Holotype: ZM-CBSU 10999. 8. Aphanius danfordii (Boulenger, 1890) Distribution: Namak Lake basin, Iran. Cyprinodon danfordii, Boulenger [G. A.] 1890:169 IUCN: Not Evaluated. [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 6) v. 6 (no. 32) (art. 19)]. 5. Aphanius asquamatus (Sözer, 1942) EN: Sultan Sazlığı tooth-carp. Kosswigichthys asquamatus, Sözer [F.] 1942:308, Type locality: Albistan [= Elbistan-Kahramanm- fig. 2 [Revue de la Faculté des Sciences de aras], Asia. Lectotype: BMNH 1879.6.7.5. l'Université d'Instanbul, Série B: Sciences Naturelles Distribution: Turkey. v. 7 (f. 4)]. IUCN: Critically Endangered. EN: Hazer tooth-carp. Type locality: Lake Hazer, Elazig District (38°30'N, 9. Aphanius darabensis Esmaeili, Teimori, Gholami 39°25'E), Anatolia, Turkey. Syntypes: (20) MSNG & Reichenbacher, 2014 36472 (3). Aphanius darabensis, Esmaeili [H. R.], Teimori [A.], Distribution: Turkey. Gholami [Z.] & Reichenbacher [B.] 2014:254, figs. IUCN: Least Concern. 2-3, 4A-E [Zootaxa 3786 (no. 3)]. EN: Darab tooth-carp, Kol tooth-carp. 6. Aphanius baeticus Doadrio, Carmona & Type locality: Fars, Darab, Korsiah Banaki spring- Fernández-Delgado, 2002 stream system, Kol River, 28°46'24.96"N, Aphanius baeticus, Doadrio [I.], Carmona [J. A.] & 54°23'35.48"E, Iran, altitude 1027 meters. Holotype: Fernández-Delgado [C.] 2002:74, figs. 3, 4a [Folia ZM-CBSU 9713. Zoologica: International Journal of Vertebrate Distribution: Hormuz (Kol River drainages) basin, Zoology. v. 51 (no. 1)]. Iran. EN: Iberian tooth-carp. IUCN: Not Evaluated. Type locality: Salgado River (Guadalquivir basin), Lebrija, Sevilla, Spain; elevation 20 meters. 10. Aphanius dispar (Rüppell, 1829) Holotype: MNCN 170691. Lebias dispar, Rüppell [W. P. E. S.] 1829:66, Pl. 18 Distribution: Spain. (figs. 1-2) [Atlas zu der Reise im nördlichen Africa. IUCN: Endangered. Fische des Rothen Meeres]. EN: Common tooth-carp. 7. Aphanius chantrei (Gaillard, 1895) Type locality: Red Sea. Lectotype: SMF 821. Cyprinodon chantrei, Gaillard [C.] 1895:10, figs. 8-9 Paralectotypes: BMNH 1860.11.9.152 (3) Abyssinia, [Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Lyon Rüppell coll., SMF 1988 (10). Lectotype designated v. 6 (no. 2)]. by Villwook et al. 1983:246. EN: Dislisazancik Baligi. Distribution: Red and Mediterranean Sea basins. 4 Esmaeili et al.- Cyprinodontid fishes of the world

IUCN: Least Concern. Comment: Aphanius desioi (Gianferrari, 1933) is a Comment: Freyhof et al. (2017a) recognised eight synonym (see Wildekamp et al. 1999; Kottelat et al. species in the Aphanius dispar group: Aphanius 2007). dispar from the Red and Mediterranean Sea basins, A. furcatus from few streams and springs in Iran, 13. Aphanius fontinalis Akşiray, 1948 A. ginaonis from one spring in Iran, Aphanius Aphanius chantrei fontinalis, Akşiray [F.] 1948:128, kruppi, from the Wadi al Batha drainage, in northern Pl. 3 (figs. 28-32) [Revue de la Faculté des Sciences Oman, A. richardsoni from springs in the Dead Sea de l'Université d'Instanbul, Série B: Sciences basin in Jordan, A. sirhani from the Azraq Oasis in Naturelles v. 13 (no. 2)]. Jordan, A. stiassnyae from one lake in Ethiopia and EN: Burdur tooth-carp. A. stoliczkanus from coastal areas of the Persian Type locality: Spring near Lake Yarisli (37°34'N, Gulf, the northern Arabian Sea east to Gujarat in 29°53'E), southwest of Lake Burdur, Turkey. No India, the Makran Sea and some endorheic basins in types known. Iran and Pakistan. According to them, it likely that Distribution: Burdur, Turkey. two additional unidentified species occur in the Red IUCN: Not Evaluated. Sea basin based on the molecular genetic data available to them. 14. Aphanius furcatus Teimori, Esmaeili, Erpenbeck & Reichenbacher, 2014 11. Aphanius farsicus Teimori, Esmaeili & Reichen- Aphanius furcatus, Teimori [A.], Esmaeili [H. R.], bacher, 2011 Erpenbeck [D.] & Reichenbacher [B.] 2014:329, Aphanius farsicus, Teimori [A.], Esmaeili [H. R.] & figs. 2a-b, 3, 4a-d, 5a-e, 6a [Zoologischer Anzeiger Reichenbacher [B.] 2011:55, figs. 2-3 [Zootaxa No. v. 253]. 3096]. EN: Scaleless tooth-carp. EN: Fars tooth-carp. Type locality: Shur River, along the BandarAbbas– Type locality: Spring on the edge of Shiraz [Maharlu] Minab road, 20 km East of Bandar Abbas Lake, southern Iran. Syntypes: ZSI F9403-04 (2). (27°19'37.6''N, 56°28'10.2''E, altitude 2 m), Distribution: Lake Maharlu basin, Iran. Hormuzgan Province, Iran. Holotype: ZM-CBSU IUCN: Not Evaluated. But should be considered as 225. Critically Endangered. Distribution: Hormuz (Kol and Mehran River Comment: Replacement name for Aphanius persicus drainages) and Makran basins, southern Iran. (Jenkins 1910), preoccupied by Aphanius persicus IUCN: Not Evaluated. But should be considered as (Priem, 1908) in fossil fishes. Least Concern.

12. Aphanius fasciatus (Valenciennes, 1821) 15. Aphanius ginaonis (Holly, 1929) Lebias fasciata, Valenciennes [A.] in Humboldt & Cyprinodon ginaonis, Holly [M.] 1929:63 [2] Valenciennes 1821:160, Pl. 51 (fig. 4) [Voyage de [Anzeiger der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Humboldt et Bonpland v. 2 (title page 1833)]. Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse EN: South European tooth-carp. v. 66 (no. 7)]. Type locality: Salt works of Cagliari, Sardinia. EN: Geno (Genow) tooth-carp. Neotype: MNHN 2005-1975. Type locality: Hot spring at Geno (Genow), north of Distribution: Estuaries and coastal watersheds of the Bandar Abbas, southern Iran. Syntypes: (3 in Mediterranean Sea, endemic; introduced elsewhere. original) NMW 13800-03 (1, 1, 1, 1). On p. 2 of IUCN: Least Concern. separate. 5 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (March 2018), 5(1): 1-29

Distribution: Hormuz basin, Iran. Gholami [Z.] & Reichenbacher [B.] 2014:259, figs. IUCN: Not Evaluated. 4F-J, 6-7 [Zootaxa 3786 (no. 3)]. EN: Kavir tooth-carp. 16. Aphanius iberus (Valenciennes, 1846) Type locality: Semnan, Damghan, Cheshmeh Ali Cyprinodon iberus, Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Spring, Kavir Basin, 36°16'45.6"N, 54°05'01.6"E, Valenciennes 1846:160, Pl. 528 [Histoire naturelle Iran, altitude 1569 meters. Holotype: ZM-CBSU des poissons v. 18]. 9587a. EN: Spanish tooth-carp. Distribution: Cheshmeh Ali Spring in the Kavir Type locality: Spain. Syntypes: MNHN 0185 (8). basin, Iran. Distribution: France [formerly], Spain, Algeria. IUCN: Not Evaluated. However, it is found only in IUCN: Endangered. the type locality with low number of individuals.

17. Aphanius iconii Akşiray, 1948 20. Aphanius kruppi Freyhof, Weissenbacher & Aphanius burduricus iconii, Akşiray [F.] 1948:134, Geiger, 2017 Pl. 4 (figs. 43-46) [Revue de la Faculté des Sciences Aphanius kruppi, Freyhof [J.], Weissenbacher [A.] & de l'Université d'Instanbul, Série B: Sciences Geiger [M.] 2017:561, figs. 2-5 [Zootaxa 4338 (no. Naturelles v. 13 (no. 2)]. 3)]. EN: Konya tooth-carp. EN: Oman tooth-carp, Krupp’s tooth-carp. Type locality: Spring Karaot at shore of Lake Eğirdir, Type locality: Spring in Al Mudayrib, Oman, about 4 km north of Yenice, Isparta Province, 22°36'46"N, 58°40'31"E. Holotype: ZFMK-ICH Turkey, 38°08.094'N, 30°54.443'E. Neotype: 103668. IUSHM 2017-1272. Distribution: Wadi al Batha drainage, northern Distribution: Lake Eğirdir and Lake Kovada basin, Oman. Isparta, Turkey. IUCN: Not Evaluated. IUCN: Not Evaluated. Comment: See Freyhof et al. (2017a) for neotype 21. Aphanius maeandricus Akşiray, 1948 designation for A. iconii. Aphanius chantrei maeandricus, Akşiray [F.] 1948:125, Pl. 3 (figs. 35-37); figs. 20-21 [Revue de 18. Aphanius isfahanensis Hrbek, Keivany & Coad, la Faculté des Sciences de l'Université d'Instanbul, 2006 Série B: Sciences Naturelles v. 13 (no. 2)]. Aphanius isfahanensis, Hrbek [T.], Keivany [Y.] & EN: Menderes River tooth-carp. Coad [B. W.] 2006:245, figs. 2A, B [Copeia 2006 Type locality: Springs of the Büyük Menderes River, (no. 2)]. near Isikli (38°19'N, 29°50'E) and Karakuyu EN: Esfahan tooth-carp. (38°11'N, 29°55'E), Dinar, Turkey. No types known. Type locality: Zayandeh Rud (Zayandeh River) at Distribution: Dinar, Turkey. Varzaneh Bridge, 32°25'32"N, 52°39'14E, Esfahan IUCN: Not Evaluated. Province, Iran. Holotype: CMNFi 2004-0001. Distribution: Esfahan basin, Iran. 22. Aphanius marassantensis Pfleiderer, Geiger & IUCN: Not Evaluated. Herder, 2014 Aphanius marassantensis, Pfleiderer [S. J.], Geiger 19. Aphanius kavirensis Esmaeili, Teimori, Gholami [M. F.] & Herder [F.] 2014:571, figs. 2-4, 5F, 6G & Reichenbacher, 2014 [Zootaxa 3887 (no. 5)]. Aphanius kavirensis, Esmaeili [H. R.], Teimori [A.], EN: Kizilirmak tooth-carp. 6 Esmaeili et al.- Cyprinodontid fishes of the world

Type locality: Ankara Province, Hirfanı Reservoir, Pl. 6 (fig. 5) [Records of the Indian Museum 39°11'19"N, 33°34'45'E, Turkey. Holotype: ZFMK (Calcutta) v. 5 (art. 12)]. 66342 [ex FSJF 3455]. EN: Mond tooth-carp. Distribution: Ankara, Kayseri, Kırşehir and Samsun Type locality: East of Shiraz, stream running to Fussa Provinces, Turkey. [Fasa], southern Iran, elevation 5000 feet. Syntypes: IUCN: Not Evaluated. ZSI F9408-9411 (4), F9412 (?). Distribution: Mond River drainage, Persis (Persian 23. Aphanius mento (Heckel, 1843) Gulf basin), southern Iran. Lebias mento Heckel [J. J.] 1843:1089 [99] IUCN: Not Evaluated. [Ichthyologie [von Syrien]. In Russegger v. 1 (pt 2)]. EN: Iridescent tooth-carp. 27. Aphanius richardsoni (Boulenger, 1907) Type locality: Mossul, northern Iraq (36°18'N, Cyprinodon richardsoni, Boulenger [G. A.] 1907:412 43°18'E). Possible syntypes: NMW 21699-704 (6), [Zoology of Egypt: The fishes of the Nile]. 59832 (21). EN: Dead Sea tooth-carp. Distribution: Tigris River basin, southern Turkey, Type locality: Brine spring near Usdum, Dead Sea. Iraq and Iran. Lectotype: BMNH 1856.5.2.4. IUCN: Least Concern. Distribution: Springs in the Dead Sea basin, Jordan. Comment: Lebias cypris Heckel, 1843 is a synonym. IUCN: Endangered.

24. Aphanius meridionalis Akşiray, 1948 28. Aphanius saldae (Akşiray, 1955) Aphanius chantrei meridionalis, Akşiray [F.] Anatolichthys splendens saldae, Akşiray [F.] 1948:131, Pl. 4 (figs. 47-48) [Revue de la Faculté des 1955:58, Pl. 1 (figs. 1-2); figs 1-2 [Publications of the Sciences de l'Université d'Instanbul, Série B: Hydrobiological Research Institute, Series B, Sciences Naturelles v. 13 (no. 2)]. Istanbul =İstanbul Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi EN: Lake Sögüt toth-carp. Hidrobiologi Araştırma Enstitüsü Yayınlarından Seri Type locality: Lake Sögüt (37°04'N, 29°53'E) at B. v. 3 (nos. 2-3)]. border between Burdur District and Antalya District, EN: Salda tooth-carp. Turkey. No types known. Type locality: Lake Salda near Yesilova (37°31'N, Distribution: Antalya and Burdur Provinces, Turkey. 29°39'E), Burdur District, Turkey. IUCN: Not Evaluated. Distribution: Salda Lake, Turkey. IUCN: Not Evaluated. 25. Aphanius mesopotamicus Coad, 2009 Aphanius mesopotamicus, Coad [B.W.] 2009:150, 29. Aphanius saourensis Blanco, Hrbek & Doadrio, fig. 1 [ZooKeys No. 31]. 2006 EN: Mesopotamian tooth-carp. Aphanius saourensis, Blanco [J. L.], Hrbek [T.] & Type locality: Khuzestan Province, canal branch of Doadrio [I.] 2006:43, figs. 1, 4-5 [Zootaxa No. Karkheh River, 31°40'N, 48°35'E, Iran. Holotype: 1158]. CMNFI 1979-0360A. EN: Sahara aphanius, Sahara tooth-carp. Distribution: Tigris-Euphrates basin: Iran and Iraq. Type locality: La tombe de Moché, Wadi (= Oued) IUCN: Not Evaluated. Saoura, Mazzere, Algeria, 30°19'N, 02°16'W. Holotype: MNCN 246655. 26. Aphanius pluristriatus (Jenkins, 1910) Distribution: Oued Saoura basin, Algeria. Cyprinodon pluristriatus, Jenkins [J. T.] 1910:125, IUCN: Critically Endangered. 7 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (March 2018), 5(1): 1-29

30. Aphanius shirini Gholami, Esmaeili, Erpenbeck crystallodon Heckel, 1847 and possibly Cyprinodon & Reichenbacher, 2014 blanfordii Jenkins, 1910 are synonyms. Aphanius shirini, Gholami [Z.], Esmaeili [H. R.], Erpenbeck [D.] & Reichenbacher [B.] 2014:132, 33. Aphanius splendens (Kosswig & Sözer, 1945) figs. 3a-b [Journal of Zoological Systematics and Anatolichthys splendens, Kosswig [C.] & Sözer [F.] Evolutionary Research = Zeitschrift für zoologische 1945:77, fig. 2 [Revue de la Faculté des Sciences de Systematik und Evolutionsforschung v. 52 (no. 2)]. l'Université d'Instanbul, Série B: Sciences Naturelles EN: Shirin tooth-carp. v. 10 (no. 2)]. Type locality: Paselari spring of the Khosroshirin EN: Gölçük tooth-carp. spring-stream system, Khosroshirin Village, Abadeh Type locality: Lake Gölçük, west of Isparta City, Fars Province, uppermost reaches of Kor River (37°44'N, 30°30'E), central Anatolia, Turkey. Basin, 30°53'29.5"N, 52°00'36.8"E, Iran, altitude Lectotype: ZMH 3505. 2327 meters. Holotype: ZM-CBSU, ZG151. Distribution: Lake Gölçük, Turkey. Distribution: Endemic to the Kor River basin but has IUCN: Extinct. been translocated to the Helleh River drainage Comment: Extinct (Persis), Iran. IUCN: Not Evaluated. 34. Aphanius stiassnyae (Getahun & Lazara, 2001) Lebias stiassnyae, Getahun [A.] & Lazara [K. J.] 31. Aphanius sirhani Villwock, Scholl & Krupp, 2001:150, fig. 1 (lower) [Copeia 2001 (no. 1)]. 1983 EN: Lake Afdera killifish. Aphanius sirhani, Villwock [W.], Scholl [A.] & Type locality: Lake Afdera, 80 meters below sea Krupp [F.] 1983:260, figs. 3-4 [Mitteilungen aus dem level, southwestern part of lake where one of the hot Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut springs joins the lake, about 13°10'N, 40°50'E, Afar v. 80]. Region, Ethiopia. Holotype: AMNH 223755. EN: Azraq tooth-carp. Distribution: Lake Afdera, Ethiopia. Type locality: Azraq Oasis, 32°51'N, 36°49'E, IUCN: Endangered. Jordan. Holotype: ZMH 6444. Distribution: Jordan. 35. Aphanius stoliczkanus (Day, 1872) IUCN: Critically Endangered. Cyprinodon stoliczkanus, Day [F.] 1872:258 [Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal v. 41 (pt 2, nos 1-4)]. 32. Aphanius sophiae (Heckel, 1847) EN: Stoliczka tooth-carp, Indian tooth-carp. Lebias sophiae Heckel [J. J.] 1847:267, Pl. 22 Type locality: Stream at the village Joorun and along [Reisen in Europa, Asien und Africa v. 2 (pt 3)]. edge of the Rann, Lodai, India. Syntypes: (28) AMS EN: Kor tooth-carp. B.7730-31 (2), BMNH 1889.2.1.2065-2074 (orig. Type locality: Accepted locality: endorheic Kor 21), ZSI 1477-78 (1, 1). River basin, north of Shiraz, Fars Province, Iran. Distribution: Coastal areas of the Persian Gulf, Syntypes: NMW 14496 (6), 33616-23 (8), 60327 (8), northern Arabian Sea east to Gujarat, India. 68283 (8), 75067 (7); ZMB 31377 (9). IUCN: Least Concern. Distribution: Endemic to the Kor River basin of Iran but has been translocated to the Persis and Tigris 36. Aphanius sureyanus (Neu, 1937) River basins, Iran. Cyprinodon sureyanus, Neu [W.] 1937:109 [1] IUCN: Not Evaluated. [Revue de la Faculté des Sciences de l'Université Comment: Lebias punctatus Heckel, 1847, Lebias d'Instanbul, Série B: Sciences Naturelles v. 2 (no. 2)]. 8 Esmaeili et al.- Cyprinodontid fishes of the world

EN: Burdur tooth-carp. Comment: More species to be described. Type locality: Lake Burdur (37°45'N, 30°15'E), southwestern Turkey. No types known. Family Cubanichthyidae Parenti, 1981 (1genus and 3 Distribution: Lake Burdur, Burdur, Turkey. species) IUCN: Endangered. Genus Cubanichthys Hubbs, 1926 Remark: Aphanius burduricus Akşiray, 1948, is a Cubanichthys Hubbs [C. L.] 1926:4]. Masc. synonym. Fundulus cubensis Eigenmann, 1903. Type by original designation (also monotypic). 37. Aphanius transgrediens (Ermin, 1946) Turkichthys transgrediens, Ermin [R.] 1946:244, 40. Cubanichthys cubensis (Eigenmann, 1903) figs. 38-45 [Revue de la Faculté des Sciences de Fundulus cubensis, Eigenmann [C. H.] 1903:222, fig. l'Université d'Instanbul, Série B: Sciences Naturelles 1 [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 22 v. 11 (no. 4)]. (1902)]. EN: Aci Göl tooth-carp. EN: Cuban killifish. Type locality: Stream, fed by the Acipinar spring at Type locality: Pinar del Rio, Cuba. Holotype: CAS the west end of Lake Aci, Denizli District (37°49'N, [ex IU 9667], missing. 29°43'E), Turkey. Distribution: River basins in Cuba and Isle of Pines. Distribution: Afyonkarahisar Province, Turkey. IUCN: Not Evaluated. IUCN: Critically Endangered. 41. Cubanichthys martae (Steindachner, 1875) 38. Aphanius villwocki Hrbek & Wildekamp, 2003 Cyprinodon martae, Steindachner [F.] 1876:610 [60] Aphanius villwocki, Hrbek [T.] & Wildekamp [R. [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der H.] 2003:138, figs. 1-2 [Ichthyological Exploration Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftli- of Freshwaters v. 14 (no. 2)]. che Classe v. 72 (1. Abth.)]. EN: Sakarya tooth-carp. EN: Santa marta killifish. Type locality: Pinarbasi, about 10.5 kilometers east Type locality: Santa Marta near the mouth of the Río of Emirdag, drainage canal of small spring pond, Magdalena, Colombia. Holotype (unique): NMW 39°02'53"N, 31°19'38"E, Turkey. Holotype: MRAC 76519. On p. 60 of separate. A1-30-P-1. Distribution: Colombia. Distribution: Sakarya River basin, Afyonkarahisar IUCN: Not Evaluated. and Konya Provinces, Turkey. Comment: Reis et al. (2003), Costa (2015), Freyhof IUCN: Least Concern. et al. (2017b) considered Yssolebias martae as species of Cubanichthys. 39. Aphanius vladykovi Coad, 1988 Aphanius vladykovi, Coad [B. W.] 1988:115, fig. 1 42. Cubanichthys pengelleyi (Fowler, 1939) [Environmental Biology of Fishes v. 23 (no. 1-2)]. Chriopeoides pengelleyi, Fowler [H. W.] 1939:5, EN: Zagros tooth-carp. figs. 3-4 [Notulae Naturae (Philadelphia) No. 35]. Type locality: Large pool in Shahrestan-e Bakhtiari EN: Jamaican killifish. va Chahar Mahall, 3 kilometers west of Boldaji, Iran, Type locality: Jamaica. Holotype: ANSP 68632. 31°57'N, 51°01'E, elevation about 2380 meters. Distribution: River basins in western Jamaica. Holotype: NMC 79-0247. IUCN: Not Evaluated. Distribution: Tigris River basin, Iran. IUCN: Not Evaluated. Family Cyprinodontidae Wagner, 1828 (5 genera and 9 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (March 2018), 5(1): 1-29

54 species) IUCN: Extinct in the Wild. Genus Cualac Miller, 1956 Cualac, Miller [R. R.] 1956:1. Masc. Cualac 46. Cyprinodon arcuatus Minckley & Miller, 2002 tessellatus Miller, 1956. Type by original designation Cyprinodon arcuatus, Minckley [W. L.] & Miller [R. (also monotypic). R.] in Minckley, Miller & Norris 2002:699, fig. 5 [Copeia 2002 (no. 3)]. 43. Cualac tessellatus Miller, 1956 EN: Santa Cruz pupfish. Cualac tessellatus, Miller [R. R.] 1956:9, Pl. 1 Type locality: Pond fed by Monkey Spring, tributary [Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology to Santa Cruz River, (Gila River basin), 12 University of Michigan No. 581]. kilometers north-northeast of Patagonia, Santa Cruz EN: Checkered pupfish. County, Arizona, U.S.A. Holotype: UMMZ 162700. Type locality: Outlet ditch of La Media Luna, San Distribution: Arizona (U.S.A.) and possibly northern Luis Potosí, Mexico, about 21°52'N, 100°02'W. Mexico [extinct in the wild]. Holotype: UMMZ 171135. IUCN: Extinct. Distribution: Pánuco River basin, Atlantic Slope of Mexico. 47. Cyprinodon artifrons Hubbs, 1936 IUCN: Endangered. Cyprinodon variegatus artifrons, Hubbs [C. L.] 1936:223, Pl. 6 (figs. 1-5) [Carnegie Institution of Genus Cyprinodon Lacepède, 1803 Washington Publications No. 457 (art. 17)]. Cyprinodon Lacepède [B. G. E.] (ex Bosc) 1803:486. EN: Yucatan pupfish. Masc. Cyprinodon variegatus Lacepède, 1803. Type Type locality: Small streams surrounding Progreso, by monotypy. Yucatán, Mexico. Holotype: UMMZ 102082. Distribution: Coastal areas of Yucatán Peninsula: 44. Cyprinodon albivelis Minckley & Miller, 2002 Belize and Mexico. Cyprinodon albivelis, Minckley [W. L.] & Miller [R. IUCN: Least Concern. R.] in Minckley, Miller & Norris 2002:697, fig. 4 [Copeia 2002 (no. 3)]. 48. Cyprinodon atrorus Miller, 1968 EN: Whitefin pupfish. Cyprinodon atrorus, Miller [R. R.] 1968:7, fig. 2 Type locality: Río Papigóchic at Yepomera, [Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology 28°32'W, 107°29'N, Chihuahua, Mexico, elevation University of Michigan No. 659]. 2048 meters. Holotype: UMMZ 235040. EN: Bolson pupfish. Distribution: Río Papigóchic, Mexico. Type locality: South of Cuatro Ciénegas, Coahuila, IUCN: Not Evaluated. Mexico (specific locality unkown). Holotype: UMMZ 130380. 45. Cyprinodon alvarezi Miller, 1976 Distribution: Coahuila, Mexico. Cyprinodon alvarezi, Miller [R. R.] 1976:72, fig. 1D IUCN: Least Concern. [Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences v. 75 (no. 2]. 49. Cyprinodon beltrani Álvarez, 1949 EN: Potosi pupfish. Cyprinodon beltrani, Álvarez [J.] 1949:236, fig. 1 Type locality: Spring-fed pond at El Potosí, Nuevo [Revista de la Sociedad Mexicana de Historia Natural León, Mexico, 24°51'N, 100°19'W, elevation 1900 v. 10 (nos 1-4)]. meters. Holotype: UMMZ 179638. EN: Blackfin pupfish. Distribution: El Potosí, Mexico [extinct in the wild]. Type locality: Lake Chichancanab, Quintana Roo, 10 Esmaeili et al.- Cyprinodontid fishes of the world

Mexico. Holotype: whereabouts unknown. Cyprinodon bovinus, Baird [S. F.] & Girard [C. F.] Distribution: Atlantic slope, Lake Chichancanab, 1853:389 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Mexico. Sciences of Philadelphia v. 6]. IUCN: Endangered. EN: Leon Springs pupfish. Type locality: Leon Springs, about 7 kilometers north 50. Cyprinodon bifasciatus Miller, 1968 of Fort Stockton, Rio Grande del Norte, Texas, Cyprinodon bifasciatus, Miller [R. R.] 1968:1, fig. 1 U.S.A. Syntypes: MCZ 1297 [ex USNM] (3), [Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology MNHN 0000-0448 [ex USNM] (1), USNM 154785 University of Michigan No. 659]. (1). EN: Cuatro Cienegas pupfish. Distribution: Texas, U.S.A. Type locality: Río Puente Colorado, about 11 IUCN: Vulnerable. kilometers south of Cuatro Ciénegas, Río Mesquites system, Coahuila, Mexico. Holotype: UMMZ 54. Cyprinodon brontotheroides Martin & Wainwr- 179835. ight, 2013 Distribution: Thermal springs in Bolsón de Cuatro Cyprinodon brontotheroides, Martin [C. H.] & Ciénegas, Mexico. Wainwright [P. C.] 2013:237, figs. 2B, 3B, 4B IUCN: Least Concern. [Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History v. 54 (no. 2)]. 51. Cyprinodon bobmilleri Lozano-Vilano & EN: Durophage pupfish. Contreras-Balderas, 1999 Type locality: San Salvador Island, Cresent Pond, 1 Cyprinodon bobmilleri, Lozano-Vilano [M. de L.] & km SE of the Greece Research Center, 24°06'45"N, Contreras-Balderas [S.] 1999:383, figs. 1 A-B, 2 74°27'28"W, Bahamas. Holotype: YBM ICH [Copeia 1999 (no. 2)]. 025878. EN: San Ignacio pupfish. Distribution: San Salvador Island, Bahamas. Type locality: Manantial Baño de San Ignacio, near IUCN: Not Evaluated. Linares, San Fernando basin, Nuevo León, Mexico. Holotype: UANL 11143. 55. Cyprinodon ceciliae Lozano-Vilano & Contreras- Distribution: Manantial Baño de San Ignacio, Balderas, 1993 Atlantic Slope of Mexico. Cyprinodon ceciliae, Lozano-Vilano [M. de L.] & IUCN: Not Evaluated. Contreras-Balderas [S.] 1993:305, figs. 3d, 4c [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 4 (no. 52. Cyprinodon bondi Myers, 1935 4)]. Cyprinodon bondi, Myers [G. S.] 1935:303 EN: Villa Lopez pupfish. [Zoologica, Scientific Contributions of the New York Type locality: Ojo de Agua la Presa, at San Juan de Zoological Society v. 10 (no. 3]. Avilés, 24°11'87"N, 100°04'34"W, Aramberri, EN: Hispaniola pupfish. Nuevo León, Mexico. Holotype: UANL 8287. Type locality: Étang Saumâtre, Haiti, West Indies. Distribution: Ojo de Agua La Presa spring, Mexico Holotype: USNM 100960 [ex NYZS]. [Extinct]. Distribution: River basins of Hispanola: Dominican IUCN: Extinct. Republic and Haiti. IUCN: Not Evaluated. 56. Cyprinodon dearborni Meek, 1909 Cyprinodon dearborni, Meek [S. E.] 1909:208 [Field 53. Cyprinodon bovinus Baird & Girard, 1853 Columbian Museum, Zoological Series v. 7 (no. 7)]. 11 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (March 2018), 5(1): 1-29

EN: Willemstad pupfish. [orig. 686] (1), 21321 [orig. 687] (18). Type locality: Willemstad, Curaçao, Dutch West Distribution: Texas, U.S.A. Indies. Holotype: FMNH 6484. IUCN: Endangered. Distribution: Coastal habitats of northern South America: Colombia, Netherland Antilles and 60. Cyprinodon eremus Miller & Fuiman, 1987 Venezuela. Cyprinodon macularius eremus, Miller [R. R.] & IUCN: Not Evaluated. Fuiman [L. A.] 1987:596, figs. 3-4 [Copeia 1987 (no. 3)]. 57. Cyprinodon desquamator Martin & Wainwright, EN: Quitobaquito pupfish. 2013 Type locality: Spring-fed pond, Quitobaquito, Organ Cyprinodon desquamator, Martin [H. C.] & Pipe Cactus Natl. Monument, Pima County, Arizona, Wainwright [P. C.] 2013:233, figs. 3A, 4A, 5A. U.S.A., elevation 332 meters. Holotype: UMMZ [Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History 162661. v. 54 (no. 2)]. Distribution: Border area between Arizona, U.S.A. EN: Scale-eating pupfish. and northern Mexico. Type locality: San Salvador Island, Cresent Pond, 1 IUCN: Endangered. km SE of the Gerace Research Center, 24°06'45"N, 74°27'28"W, Bahamas. Holotype: YPM ICH 61. Cyprinodon esconditus Strecker, 2002 025880. Cyprinodon esconditus, Strecker [U.] 2002:302, figs. Distribution: San Salvador Island, Bahamas. 3-4 [Cybium v. 26 (no. 4]. IUCN: Not Evaluated. EN: Hidden pupfish. Type locality: Southern end of Laguna Chichancanab 58. Cyprinodon diabolis Wales, 1930 at its broadest part, 19°51'10"N, 88°45'58"W, Cyprinodon diabolis, Wales [J. H.] 1930:68 [Copeia Yucatan Peninsula, Quintana Roo, Mexico. 1930 (no. 3)]. Holotype: IBUNAM-9488. EN: Devils Hole pupfish. Distribution: Lake Chichancanab, Mexico. Type locality: Devils Hole, Ash Meadows, Nevada, IUCN: Not Evaluated. U.S.A. Holotype: CAS-SU 23928. Distribution: Devils Hole, Ash Meadows, Nye 62. Cyprinodon eximius Girard, 1859 County, Nevada, U.S.A. Cyprinodon eximius, Girard [C. F.] 1859:158 IUCN: Critically Endangered. [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 11 (nos. 60-77)]. 59. Cyprinodon elegans Baird & Girard, 1853 EN: Conchos pupfish. Cyprinodon elegans, Baird [S. F.] & Girard [C. F.] Type locality: Río Chihuahua [= Río Chuviscar at 1853:389 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Chihuahua City], Mexico. Sciences of Philadelphia v. 6]. Distribution: Texas (U.S.A.) and northern Mexico. EN: Comanche Springs pupfish. Syntypes: ANSP 7223 (1), MCZ 1308 [ex USNM] Type locality: Camanche Springs, Rio Grande del (1), MNHN 0000-0452 [ex USNM] (1). Norte, Texas, U.S.A. Syntypes: ANSP 7222 (1); IUCN: Near Threatened. BMNH 1883.12.14.198 [ex USNM] (1); MCZ 1299 (3), 1473 (2), 36009 [ex USNM 21321] (1); MNHN 63. Cyprinodon fontinalis Smith & Miller, 1980 0000-0450 [ex USNM 686] (1); UMMZ 56903 [ex Cyprinodon fontinalis, Smith [M. L.] & Miller [R. USNM 686, old UMMZ 4047] (1); USNM 21320 R.] 1980:405, fig. 1 [Proceedings of the Biological 12 Esmaeili et al.- Cyprinodontid fishes of the world

Society of Washington v. 93 (no. 2)]. Chihuahua, Mexico. Holotype: UANL 18721. EN: Carbonera pupfish. Distribution: Thermal spring, Rio Conchos Basin, Type locality: About 36 kilometers west of Villa Chihuahua, Mexico. Ahumada (30°35'N, 106°51'W), Mexico. Holotype: IUCN: Not Evaluated. UMMZ 204189. Distribution: Bolsón de los Muertos, Mexico. 67. Cyprinodon labiosus Humphries & Miller, 1981 IUCN: Endangered. Cyprinodon labiosus, Humphries [J. M.] & Miller [R. R.] 1981:55, figs. 3C, 4A, 5C [Copeia 1981 (no. 1)]. 64. Cyprinodon higuey Rodriguez & Smith, 1990 EN: Thicklip pupfish. Cyprinodon higuey, Rodriguez [C. M.] & Smith [M. Type locality: Laguna Chichancanab, in lagoon at L.] in Smith, Rodriguez & Lydeard 1990:3, figs. 2-4 southern end on northern side of highway 184, [American Museum Novitates No. 2990]. Yucatán, Mexico. Holotype: UMMZ 203907. EN: Black-and-blue pupfish. Distribution: Lake Chichancanab, Mexico. Type locality: Laguna de Bávaro at village of Cabeza IUCN: Critically Endangered. de Toro, Altagracia Province, Dominican Republic. Holotype: AMNH 58623. 68. Cyprinodon laciniatus Hubbs & Miller, 1942 Distribution: Coastal habitats in eastern Hispanola: Cyprinodon laciniatus, Hubbs [C. L.] & Miller [R. Dominican Republic. R.] 1942:5, figs. 1A, C, E; Pl. 1 [Occasional Papers IUCN: Not Evaluated. of theMuseum of Zoology University of Michigan No. 458]. 65. Cyprinodon inmemoriam Lozano-Vilano & EN: Bahama pupfish. Contreras-Balderas, 1993 Type locality: Lake Cunningham, New Providence Cyprinodon inmemoriam, Lozano-Vilano [M. de L.] Island, Bahamas. Holotype: UMMZ 134565. & Contreras-Balderas [S.] 1993:299, fig. 3b Distribution: Bahamas. [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 4 (no. IUCN: Not Evaluated. 4)]. EN: Charco Azul pupfish. 69. Cyprinodon latifasciatus Garman, 1881 Type locality: Ojo la Trinidad, 24°06.3'N, Cyprinodon latifasciatus, Garman [S.] 1881:92 100°03.3'W, interior basin of Llanos de Salas, [Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. Aramberri, Nuevo León, Mexico. Holotype (unique): 8 (no. 3)]. UANL 8279. EN: Parras pupfish. Distribution: Ojo de Agua La Trinidad, Mexico Type locality: Spring near Parras, Coahuila, Mexico. [extinct]. Distribution: Parras, Coahuila, Mexico [extinct]. IUCN: Extinct IUCN: Extinct.

66. Cyprinodon julimes De la Maza-Benignos & 70. Cyprinodon longidorsalis Lozano-Vilano & Vela-Valladares, 2009 Contreras-Balderas, 1993 Cyprinodon julimes, De la Maza-Benignos [M.] & Cyprinodon longidorsalis, Lozano-Vilano [M. de L.] Vela-Valladares [L.] in De la Maza-Benignos & Contreras-Balderas [S.] 1993:297, figs. 3a, 4a 2009:185[Apéndice D] [Los Peces del Río Conchos]. [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 4 (no. EN: Julimes pupfish. 4)]. Type locality: Thermal Spring, "El Pandeño de los EN: La Palma pupfish. Pando", Rio Conchos Basin, Municipality of Julimes, Type locality: Charco la Palma, 24°04'N, 13 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (March 2018), 5(1): 1-29

100°05.3'W, interior basin of Llanos de Salas, 74. Cyprinodon meeki Miller, 1976 Aramberri, Nuevo León, Mexico. Holotype: UANL Cyprinodon meeki, Miller [R. R.] 1976:73, fig. 1E 8281. [Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Distribution: Charco la Palma, Mexico [extinct in the Sciences v. 75 (no. 2)]. wild]. EN: Mezquital pupfish. IUCN: Extinct in the Wild. Type locality: Pond fed by hot springs, tributary to Río del Tunal, about 9 kilometers east of Durango 71. Cyprinodon macrolepis Miller, 1976 City, Durango, Mexico, elevation about 1880 meters. Cyprinodon macrolepis, Miller [R. R.] 1976:74, fig. Holotype: UMMZ 197420. 1F [Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Distribution: Headwaters of Mezquital River, Sciences v. 75 (no. 2)]. Mexico. EN: Large scale pupfish. IUCN: Critically Endangered. Type locality: El Ojo de la Hacienda Dolores, a hot spring 12.5 kilometers south-southwest of Jiménez, 75. Cyprinodon nazas Miller, 1976 Chihuahua, Mexico, elevation 1405 meters. Cyprinodon nazas, Miller [R. R.] 1976:72, fig. 1C Holotype: UMMZ 168982. [Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Distribution: El Ojo de la Hacienda Dolores and Sciences v. 75 (no. 2)]. outlet, Atlantic Slope of Mexico. EN: Nazas pupfish. IUCN: Endangered. Type locality: Río Nazas near its mouth at San Miguel, near edge of Laguna Mayrán, Coahuila, 72. Cyprinodon macularius Baird & Girard, 1853 Mexico, elevation 1092 meters. Holotype: UMMZ Cyprinodon macularius, Baird [S. F.] & Girard [C. 197419. F.] 1853:389 [Proceedings of the Academy of Distribution: Mexico. Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 6]. IUCN: Least Concern. EN: Desert pupfish. Type locality: Rio San Pedro, tributary to Gila River, 76. Cyprinodon nevadensis Eigenmann & Eigenma- Arizona, U.S.A. Syntypes: ANSP 7219 [ex USNM] nn, 1889 (1);? MCZ 1313 (3), MCZ 1472 (2); USNM 992 (8, Cyprinodon nevadensis, Eigenmann [C. H.] & missing). Eigenmann [R. S.] 1889:270 [Proceedings of the Distribution: Southwestern U.S.A. (Arizona and California Academy of Sciences (Series 2) v. 1]. California) and northern Mexico. EN: Amargosa pupfish. IUCN: Vulnerable. Type locality: Saratoga Spring, south arm of Death Valley, Inyo County, California, U.S.A. Syntypes: 73. Cyprinodon maya Humphries & Miller, 1981 CAS 580 (3, lost in 1906). Cyprinodon maya, Humphries [J. M.] & Miller [R. Distribution: Nevada and California, U.S.A.; R.] 1981:55, figs. 2B, 3B, 5B [Copeia 1981 (no. Saratoga Spring and adjoining lakes, California 1)]. [subspecies nevadensis]. EN: Maya pupfish. IUCN: Vulnerable. Type locality: Laguna Chichancanab, in lagoon at southern end on northern side of highway 184, 77. Cyprinodon nichollsi Smith, 1989 Yucatán, Mexico. Holotype: UMMZ 203903. Cyprinodon nichollsi, Smith [M. L.] 1989:3, fig. 1 Distribution: Lake Chichancanab, Mexico. [American Museum Novitates No. 2953]. IUCN: Endangered. EN: Jaragua pupfish. 14 Esmaeili et al.- Cyprinodontid fishes of the world

Type locality: Sandy beach at Laguna de Oviedo, 4 southwestern New Mexico (U.S.A.) [introduction]. kilometers east of Oviedo on hyw 44, Jaragua Natl. IUCN: Not Evaluated. Park, Dominican Republic. Holotype: AMNH 58278. 81. Cyprinodon radiosus Miller, 1948 Distribution: Coastal habitats in southern Hispanola: Cyprinodon radiosus, Miller [R. R.] 1948:87, Pl. 9 Dominican Republic. [Miscellaneous Publications, Museum of Zoology, IUCN: Not Evaluated. University of Michigan No. 68]. EN: Owens pupfish. 78. Cyprinodon pachycephalus Minckley & Type locality: Northwestern spring-feeder of Fish Minckley, 1986 Slough, about 10 miles north of Bishop, Mono Cyprinodon pachycephalus, Minckley [W. L.] & County, California, U.S.A. Holotype: UMMZ Minckley [C. O.] 1986:184, figs. 1-2 [Copeia 1986 146653. (no. 1)]. Distribution: Owens Valley, California, U.S.A. EN: Bighead pupfish. IUCN: Endangered. Type locality: Baños de San Diego, east of Chihuahua, Mexico, 28°35.5'N, 105°32.5'W, 82. Cyprinodon riverendi (Poey, 1860) elevation about 1140 meters. Holotype: UMMZ Trifarcius riverendi, Poey [F.] 1860:306 [Memorias 213401. sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2]. Distribution: San Diego de Alcalá, Atlantic Slope of EN: Havana pupfish Mexico. Type locality: Havana, Cuba. No types known. IUCN: Critically Endangered. Distribution: Coastal habitats of Cuba and Hispanola and adjacent small islands, Grand Cayman Island and 79. Cyprinodon pecosensis Echelle & Echelle, 1978 Florida Keys. Cyprinodon pecosensis, Echelle [A. A.] & Echelle IUCN: Not Evaluated. [A. F.] 1978:573, figs. 2-3 [Copeia 1978 (no. 4)]. EN: Pecos pupfish. 83. Cyprinodon rubrofluviatilis Fowler, 1916 Type locality: Oxbow of Pecos River at Bitter Lake Cyprinodon bovinus rubrofluviatilis, Fowler [H. W.] National Wildlife Refuge, Chaves County, New 1916:430, fig. 4 [Proceedings of the Academy of Mexico, U.S.A. Holotype: TU 97127. Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 68]. Distribution: Texas and New Mexico (reduced EN: Red River pupfish. range), U.S.A. Type locality: Rio Brazos, between Seymour and IUCN: Vulnerable. Authon, Texas, U.S.A. Holotype: ANSP 20266 (missing). 80. Cyprinodon pisteri Miller & Minckley, 2002 Distribution: Oklahoma and Texas, U.S.A. Cyprinodon pisteri, Miller [R. R.] & Minckley [W. IUCN: Least Concern. L.] in Minckley, Miller & Norris 2002:687, figs. 1-2 [Copeia 2002 (no. 3)]. 84. Cyprinodon salinus Miller, 1943 EN: Palomas pupfish. Cyprinodon salinus, Miller [R. R.] 1943:69, fig. 1; Pl. Type locality: Ojo de Palomas Viejo (now dry), 5.2 1 [Copeia 1943 (no. 2)]. kilometers south of Las Palomas, 31°45'N, EN: Salt Creek pupfish. 107°40'W, Chihuahua, Mexico. Holotype: UMMZ Type locality: Salt Creek, Death Valley, Inyo 162629. County, California, U.S.A. Holotype: UMMZ Distribution: Northern Chihuahua, Mexico and 132940. 15 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (March 2018), 5(1): 1-29

Distribution: Salt Creek, Death Valley, Inyo County, Type locality: Malpais Spring, about 26 kilometers California, U.S.A. west-southwest of Three Rivers, Otero County, IUCN: Endangered. Tularosa basin, New Mexico, elevation about 1275 meters. Holotype: UMMZ 162610. 85. Cyprinodon salvadori Lozano-Vilano 2002 Distribution: Tularosa Valley, New Mexico, U.S.A. Cyprinodon salvadori, Lozano-Vilano [M. de L.] IUCN: Endangered. 2002:17, figs. 2 A-B [Libro jubilar en honor al Dr. Salvador Contreras Balderas 2002]. 89. Cyprinodon variegatus Lacepède, 1803 EN: Bocochi pupfish. Cyprinodon variegatus, Lacepède [B. G. E.] Type locality: Rio Santa Rosa (Bocochic), "a 15.3 1803:486, 487, Pl. 15 (fig. 1) [Histoire naturelle des kilometers antes de llegar a Carichic" (San Juanito) poissons (Lacepéde) v. 5]. Chihuahua, Mexico, 27°55'35"N, 107°11'01"W. EN: Sheepshead minnow. Holotype: UANL 6999. Type locality: Carolinas, U.S.A. No types known. Distribution: Río Santa Rosa, Mexico. Distribution: Massachuttsets to northeastern Mexico; IUCN: Not Evaluated. also Antilles. IUCN: Least Concern. 86. Cyprinodon simus Humphries & Miller, 1981 Cyprinodon simus, Humphries [J. M.] & Miller [R. 90. Cyprinodon verecundus Humphries, 1984 R.] 1981:60, figs. 3D, 4B, 5D [Copeia 1981 (no. 1)]. Cyprinodon verecundus, Humphries [J. M.] 1984:62, EN: Boxer pupfish. fig. 2 [Copeia 1984 (no. 1)]. Type locality: Chichancanab Lagoon, in lagoon at EN: Largefin pupfish. southern end on northern side of highway 184, Type locality: Chichancanab Lagoon, main body of Yucatán, Mexico. Holotype: UMMZ 203905. water, about 3.6 kilometers from northern end of Distribution: Laguna Chichancanab, Mexico. basin, Yucatán, Mexico. Holotype: UMMZ 207694. IUCN: Endangered. Distribution: Laguna Chichancanab, Mexico. IUCN: Critically Endangered. 87. Cyprinodon suavium Strecker, 2005 Cyprinodon suavium, Strecker [U.] 2005:109, figs. 91. Cyprinodon veronicae Lozano-Vilano & 2-3 [Hydrobiologia No. 541]. Contreras-Balderas, 1993 EN: Yucatan pupfish. Cyprinodon veronicae, Lozano-Vilano [M. de L.] & Type locality: Dead end of road from Rancho Santa Contreras-Balderas [S.] 1993:303, figs. 3c, 4b Cruz, 19°56'46"N, 88°45'52"W, Laguna Chichanca- [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 4 (no. nab, Yucatan Peninsula, Quintana Roo, Mexico. 4)]. Holotype: IBUNAM-P13985. EN: Charco Palma pupfish. Distribution: Laguna Chichancanab, Yucatan Penin- Type locality: Ojo de Agua Charco Azul (= Barreno), sula, Mexico. 24°09.8'N, 100°03.7'W, Aramberri, Nuevo León, IUCN: Not Evaluated. Mexico. Holotype: UANL 8291. Distribution: Ojo de Agua Charco Azul, Mexico. 88. Cyprinodon tularosa Miller & Echelle, 1975 IUCN: Critically Endangered. Cyprinodon tularosa, Miller [R. R.] & Echelle [A. A.] 1975:366, fig. 1 [Southwestern Naturalist v. 19 (no. Genus Floridichthys Hubbs, 1926 4)]. Floridichthys Hubbs [C. L.] 1926:16. Masc. EN: White Sands pupfish. Cyprinodon carpio Günther 1866. Type by original 16 Esmaeili et al.- Cyprinodontid fishes of the world

designation (also monotypic). Type designated as Publications No. 457 (art. 17)] 5 kilometers east of "Cyprinodon mydrus Goode & Bean = Cyprinodon Progreso, Yucatán, Mexico. Holotype: UMMZ carpio Günther" 1866. 102148. Paratypes: MCZ 33179 (26); UMMZ 102149 (orig. 36, now 34); USNM 117542 (2); ZMA 92. Floridichthys carpio (Günther, 1866) 102215 (10); plus additional material at UMMZ. Cyprinodon carpio, Günther [A.] 1866:306 EN: Yucatán flagfish. [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 6]. Distribution: Central America: coastal habitats of EN: Goldspotted killifish. Yucatán Peninsula in Mexico and Belize. Type locality: America [U.S.A.] (exact locality IUCN: Not Evaluated. unknown). Syntypes: BMNH 1855.9.19.821-825 (5). Distribution: Western Atlantic: Florida and Mexico. Genus Megupsilon Miller & Walters, 1972 IUCN: Least Concern. Megupsilon Miller [R. R.] & Walters [V.] 1972:2. Neut. Megupsilon aporus Miller & Walters 1972. 93. Floridichthys polyommus Hubbs, 1936 Type by original designation (also monotypic). Floridichthys carpio polyommus, Hubbs [C. L.] 1936:214, Pl. 3 (figs. 1-3) [Carnegie Institution of 96. Megupsilon aporus Miller & Walters, 1972 Washington Publications No. 457 (art. 17)]. Megupsilon aporus, Miller [R. R.] & Walters [V.] EN: Ocellated killifish. 1972:5, fig. 3 [Contributions in Science (Los Type locality: Ocean beach near Champoton, Angeles) No. 233]. Campeche, Yucatán, Mexico. Holotype: UMMZ EN: Catarina pupfish. 102186. Type locality: El Potosí, Nuevo León, Mexico. Distribution: Coastal habitats of Yucatán Peninsula: Holotype: UMMZ 189018. Belize, Honduras and Mexico. Distribution: Springs and outflows at El Potosí, IUCN: Least Concern. Mexico. IUCN: Extinct in the Wild. Genus Jordanella Goode & Bean, 1879 Jordanella Goode [G. B.] & Bean [T. H.] in Goode Family Orestiidae (1 genus and 45 species) 1879:117. Fem. Jordanella floridae Goode & Bean Genus Orestias Valenciennes, 1839 1879. Type by monotypy. Orestias Valenciennes [A.] 1839:118. Fem. Orestias cuvieri Valenciennes 1846. Type by subsequent 94. Jordanella floridae Goode & Bean, 1879 designation. Appeared as above with sufficient Jordanella floridae, Goode [G. B.] & Bean [B. A.] in characters to establish the genus but characters were Goode 1879:117 [Proceedings of the United States not provided for the included species, and they date National Museum v. 2 (no. 73)]. to 1846. Appeared in more detail in Valenciennes in EN: Flagfish. Cuvier & Valenciennes 1846:221. Type designated Type locality: Lake Monroe, Florida, U.S.A. by Bleeker 1864:140. Syntypes: USNM 18062 [= 22903] (3). Distribution: Florida, U.S.A.; introduced elsewhere. 97. Orestias agassii Valenciennes, 1846 IUCN: Not Evaluated. Orestias agassii, Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1846:238 [Histoire naturelle des 95. Jordanella pulchra (Hubbs, 1936) poissons v. 18]. Garmanella pulchra Hubbs [C. L.] 1936:219, Pl. 5 EN: Agasssi pupfish. (figs. 1-10) [Carnegie Institution of Washington Type locality: Río Corocoro, Peru; San Antonio, 17 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (March 2018), 5(1): 1-29

Peru. Syntypes: BMNH uncat. (5) Tiripata; MNHN EN: Titicaca pupfish. A-9601 (2) Rio Corocoro, A-9602 (6) San Antonio. Type locality: Taman Bay, northeastern side of Distribution: Peruvian lakes, eastern Bolivia, Capachica Peninsula, Lake Titicaca, depth 36-38 northern Chile and upper Amazon River basin: meters. Syntypes: (3) BMNH 1944.6.6.154-158 (? Bolivia, Chile and Peru. now 2). IUCN: Not Evaluated. Distribution: Lake Titicaca, Peru and Bolivia. IUCN: Not Evaluated. 98. Orestias albus Valenciennes, 1846 Orestias albus, Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & 102. Orestias ctenolepis Parenti, 1984 Valenciennes 1846:242 [Histoire naturelle des Orestias ctenolepis, Parenti [L. R.] 1984:194, fig. 57 poissons v. 18]. A-B [Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural EN: Carache Amarillo. History v. 178 (art. 2)]. Type locality: Tributaries of Lake Titicaca. EN: Zapatilla popfish. Syntypes: MNHN A-9607 (2), ZMB 3491 (1). Type locality: Headwaters of the Río Zapatilla, Río Distribution: Lake Titicaca: Bolivia and Peru. Camellaque, Chucuito Province, Peru. Holotype: IUCN: Not Evaluated. AMNH 52179. Distribution: Lake Titicaca basin, Peru. 99. Orestias ascotanensis Parenti, 1984 IUCN: Vulnerable. Orestias ascotanensis, Parenti [L. R.] 1984:196, fig. 58 [Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural 103. Orestias cuvieri Valenciennes, 1846 History v. 178 (art. 2)]. Orestias cuvieri, Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & EN: Ascotán’s pupfish. Valenciennes 1846:225, Pl. 532 [Histoire naturelle Type locality: Lago Ascotán, Chile. Holotype: des poissons v. 18]. USNM 236790. EN: Cuvier pupfish. Distribution: Ascotán salt pan, Chilean Altiplano, Type locality: Lake Titicaca, Peru. Syntypes: MNHN Chile. A-9593 (1), ZMB 3487 (1). IUCN: Not Evaluated. Distribution: Lake Titicaca: Bolivia and Peru. IUCN: Data Deficient. 100. Orestias chungarensis Vila & Pinto, 1987 Orestias chungarensis, Vila [I.] & Pinto [M.] 104. Orestias elegans Garman, 1895 1987:234, figs. 3-6 [Revue d'Hydrobiologie Orestias elegans, Garman [S.] 1895:149 [Memoirs of Tropicale v. 19 (nos 3-4) (for 1986)]. the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 19 (pt 1)]. EN: Chungará pupfish. EN: Elegant pupfish. Type locality: Western littoral region of Lake Type locality: Small lakes among headwaters of Río Chungará, Chile. Holotype: MNHNC 11210. Rimac, Peru. Syntypes: BMNH 1939.7.17.3 [ex Distribution: Lake Chungará, Chilean Altiplano, MCZ 27694] (1), MCZ 27694 (10). Chile. Distribution: Santa Eulalia River, Pacific slope of IUCN: Vulnerable. Peru. IUCN: Not Evaluated. 101. Orestias crawfordi Tchernavin, 1944 Orestias crawfordi, Tchernavin [V. V.] 1944:226, fig. 105. Orestias empyraeus Allen, 1942 25 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London Orestias empyraeus, Allen [W. R.] in Eigenmann & v. 114 (pts 1-2)]. Allen 1942:367, Pl. 20 (fig. 2) [Fishes of western 18 Esmaeili et al.- Cyprinodontid fishes of the world

South America]. figs. 2-4 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters EN: Andean killifish. v. 22 (no. 4)]. Type locality: Lago Junin, Peru. Holotype: CAS EN: Gloria pupfish. 44195 [ex IU 15238]. Type locality: Springs of Carcote saltpan, Distribution: Lake Junin and upper Amazon River 21°16'58.6"S, 68°19'28.4"W, Loa Province, Chile, basin, Peru. elevation 3706 meters. Holotype: MNHNC 7424. IUCN: Near Threatened. Distribution: Carcote saltpan springs, Loa Province, Chilean Altiplano, Chile. 106. Orestias forgeti Lauzanne, 1981 IUCN: Not Evaluated. Orestias forgeti, Lauzanne [L.] 1981:79, fig. 5 [Cybium 3e série. Bulletin de la Société Française 110. Orestias gracilis Parenti, 1984 d'Ichtyologie v. 5 (no. 3)]. Orestias gracilis, Parenti [L. R.] 1984:172, fig. 37 EN: Tiquina pupfish. [Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural Type locality: Tiquina, Lake Titicaca, Bolivia. History v. 178 (art. 2)]. Holotype: MNHN 1981-0603. EN: Slender pupfish. Distribution: Lake Titicaca: Bolivia and Peru. Type locality: Northeastern side of Lago Pequeño, IUCN: Not Evaluated. village of Huatajata, Lake Titicaca, Bolivia. Holotype: AMNH 52120. 107. Orestias frontosus Cope, 1876 Distribution: Lake Titicaca: Bolivia and Peru. Orestias frontosus, Cope [E. D.] 1876:187 [Journal of IUCN: Not Evaluated. the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. Second series. v. 8 (pt 2, art. 7)]. 111. Orestias gymnota Parenti, 1984 EN: Big forehead pupfish. Orestias gymnotus, Parenti [L. R.] 1984:192, fig. 55 Type locality: Lake Titicaca, Bolivia. Syntypes: [Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural ANSP 21555-56 (2). History v. 178 (art. 2)]. Distribution: Lake Titicaca: Bolivia and Peru. EN: Andean killifish, naked pupfish. IUCN: Not Evaluated. Type locality: Near Quishuarcancha, northwest of Cerro de Pasco, Pasco Province, northern Peru, 108. Orestias gilsoni Tchernavin, 1944 elevation about 4062 meters. Holotype: CAS 40700 Orestias gilsoni, Tchernavin [V. V.] 1944:217, figs. [ex IU 16102]. 20 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London Distribution: Upper Amazon River basin, Peru. v. 114 (pts 1-2)]. IUCN: Endangered. EN: Gilson pupfish. Type locality: Taquiri Island, Lago Pequeño, 112. Orestias hardini Parenti, 1984 southeastern Lake Titicaca, Bolivia, depth 2.7-2.8 Orestias hardini, Parenti [L. R.] 1984:193, fig. 56 meters. Lectotype: BMNH 1944.6.6.524. [Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural Distribution: Lake Titicaca basin, Bolivia. History v. 178 (art. 2)]. IUCN: Not Evaluated. EN: Hardin pupfish. Type locality: Lago Yanacocha, about 10°S, 109. Orestias gloriae Vila, Scott, Méndez, 77°15'W, Peru. Holotype: AMNH 52178 [ex AMNH Valenzuela, Iturra & Poulin, 2012 38415]. Orestias gloriae, Vila [I.], Scott [S.], Mendez [M. A.], Distribution: Yancococha and Llacsha lakes, Peru. Valenzuela [F.], Iturra [P.] & Poulin [E.] 2012:347, IUCN: Not Evaluated. 19 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (March 2018), 5(1): 1-29

113. Orestias imarpe Parenti, 1984 117. Orestias lastarriae Philippi, 1876 Orestias imarpe, Parenti [L. R.] 1984:205, fig. 70 Oriastes lastarriae, Philippi [R. A.] 1876:261 [Anales [Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural de la Universidad de Chile 48 (sec. 1)]. Original History v. 178 (art. 2)]. genus should have been Orestias; named for a man so EN: Imarpe pupfish. specific name should be changed to lastarriai. Type locality: Near village of Ojjerani, between Puno EN: Lastarria pupfish, Lima pupfish. and Chucuito, Bahia de Puno, Lake Titicaca, Peru. Type locality: Lakes east of Lima, Peru. Syntypes: Holotype: AMNH 52184. whereabouts unknown. Distribution: Lake Titicaca: Bolivia and Peru. Distribution: Peru. IUCN: Not Evaluated. IUCN: Not Evaluated.

114. Orestias incae Garman, 1895 118. Orestias laucaensis Arratia, 1982 Orestias incae, Garman [S.] 1895:155, Pl. 3 (fig. 9) Orestias laucaensis, Arratia [G.] 1982:103, fig. 5B [Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. [Peces del Altiplano de Chile v. 1]. 19 (pt 1)]. EN: Corvinilla. EN: Deepwater pupfish, compressed pupfish. Type locality: Río Lauca, Parinacota, Chile, Type locality: Bahía de Moho, Lake Titicaca, Peru. elevation about 4300 meters. Holotype: DBCUCH Syntypes: BMNH 1939.7.17.2 [ex MCZ 3948] (1), 160879. MCZ 3948 (17), USNM 120281 [ex MCZ 3948] Distribution: Lauca River basin, Chilean Altiplano, (4). Chile. Distribution: Lake Titicaca: Bolivia and Peru. IUCN: Near Threatened. IUCN: Not Evaluated. 119. Orestias lutea Valenciennes, 1846 115. Orestias ispi Lauzanne, 1981 Orestias luteus, Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Orestias ispi, Lauzanne [L.] 1981:73, fig. 3 [Cybium Valenciennes 1846:243 [Histoire naturelle des 3e série. Bulletin de la Société Française poissons v. 18]. d'Ichtyologie v. 5 (no. 3)]. EN: Carache Amarillo pupfish. EN: Taquile pupfish. Type locality: Lake Titicaca. Holotype (unique): Type locality: Tiquina, Lake Titicaca, Bolivia. MNHN A-9608. Holotype: MNHN 1981-0605. Distribution: Lake Titicaca basin: Bolivia and Peru. Distribution: Lake Titicaca: Bolivia and Peru. IUCN: Not Evaluated. IUCN: Not Evaluated. Comment: See Cruz-Jofré et al. (2013) for correct scientific name. 116. Orestias jussiei Valenciennes, 1846 Orestias jussiei, Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & 120. Orestias minima Tchernavin, 1944 Valenciennes 1846:235, Pl. 535 [Histoire naturelle Orestias minimus, Tchernavin [V. V.] 1944:216, fig. des poissons v. 18]. 19 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London EN: Bighead pupfish. v. 114 (pts 1-2)]. Type locality: Lake Titicaca; Río Guaracona; Lake EN: Dwarf pupfish. Chinchoro, near Cuzco, Peru. Syntypes: MNHN A- Type locality: Molinopampa, east of Juli, 9599 (3), A-9600 (3). southeastern coast of Lake Titicaca, Bolivia. Distribution: Upper Amazon River basin, Peru. Holotype: BMNH 1944.6.6.532. IUCN: Not Evaluated. Distribution: Lake Titicaca basin: Bolivia and Peru. 20 Esmaeili et al.- Cyprinodontid fishes of the world

IUCN: Not Evaluated. Type locality: Maravillas, near Río de Lampa, Comment: See Cruz-Jofré et al. (2013) for correct tributary to Lake Titicaca, Peru. Holotype: CAS scientific name. 46166 [ex IU 16121]. Distribution: Lake Titicaca basin, Peru. 121. Orestias minuta Tchernavin, 1944 IUCN: Not Evaluated. Orestias minutus, Tchernavin [V. V.] 1944:215, fig. 18 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 125. Orestias munda Parenti, 1984 v. 114 (pts 1-2)]. Orestias mundus, Parenti [L. R.] 1984:199, fig. 61 EN: Small pupfish. [Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural Type locality: Uruni Bay, north side of Capachica History v. 178 (art. 2)]. Peninsula, Lake Titicaca. Syntypes: BMNH EN: Cuzco pupfish. 1944.6.6.159-160 (2). Type locality: Cuzco, Peru. Holotype: FMNH 41135. Distribution: Lake Titicaca, Peru. Distribution: Upper Amazon River basin, Peru. IUCN: Not Evaluated. IUCN: Not Evaluated. Comment: See Cruz-Jofré et al. (2013) for correct Comment: See Cruz-Jofré et al. (2013) for correct scientific name. scientific name.

122. Orestias mooni Tchernavin, 1944 126. Orestias olivaca Garman, 1895 Orestias mooni, Tchernavin [V. V.] 1944:228, fig. 26 Orestias olivaceus, Garman [S.] 1895:152 [Memoirs [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London v. of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 19 (pt 1)]. 114 (pts 1-2)]. EN: Olivaceus pupfish, Umayo pupfish. EN: Moon pupfish. Type locality: Lake Umayo, 9 miles northwest of and Type locality: Cota Bay in Puno Bay, Lake Titicaca, 400 feet higher than Lake Titicaca, Peru. Syntypes: Peru, depth 23 meters. Holotype: BMNH BMNH 1939.7.17.1 [ex MCZ 3946] (1), MCZ 3946 1944.6.6.503. (now 5). Distribution: Lake Titicaca, Peru. Distribution: Lake Titicaca basin: Bolivia and Peru. IUCN: Not Evaluated. IUCN: Vulnerable.

123. Orestias mulleri Valenciennes, 1846 127. Orestias parinacotensis Arratia, 1982 Orestias mulleri, Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Orestias parinacotensis, Arratia [G.] 1982:100, fig. Valenciennes 1846:240 [Histoire naturelle des 5A [Peces del Altiplano de Chile v. 1]. poissons v. 18]. EN: Parinacota pupfish. EN: Muller pupfish. Type locality: Bofedales de Parinacota, Chile, about Type locality: Lake Titicaca near Guaichu, Peru, elevation 4300 meters. Holotype: DBCUCH 190579. 15°32'S, 71°37'W. Syntypes: MNHN A-9605 (2). Distribution: Parinocota River and Andean basin of Distribution: Lake Titicaca, Peru and Bolivia. Pacific slope of Chilean Altiplano, Chile. IUCN: Not Evaluated. IUCN: Data Deficient.

124. Orestias multiporis Parenti, 1984 128. Orestias pentlandii Valenciennes, 1846 Orestias multiporis, Parenti [L. R.] 1984:198, fig. 60 Orestias pentlandii, Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & [Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural Valenciennes 1846:230, Pl. 533 [Histoire naturelle History v. 178 (art. 2)]. des poissons v. 18]. EN: Maravillas pupfish. EN: Pentlandi pupfish. 21 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (March 2018), 5(1): 1-29

Type locality: Lake Titicaca. Syntypes: MNHN Titicaca drainage, Peru. Holotype: AMNH 52181. 0000-4415 (1), A-9594 (2); ZMB 3488 (1). Distribution: Lake Titicaca basin, Peru. Distribution: Lake Titicaca and upper Amazon River IUCN: Not Evaluated. basin: Bolivia and Peru. IUCN: Vulnerable. 133. Orestias robusta Parenti, 1984 Orestias robustus, Parenti [L. R.] 1984:207, fig. 72 129. Orestias piacotensis Vila, 2006 [Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural Orestias piacotensis, Vila [I.] 2006:473, figs. 1-2 History v. 178 (art. 2)]. [Copeia 2006 (no. 3)]. EN: Robust pupfish. EN: Piacota pupfish. Type locality: Near village of Ojjerani, between Puno Type locality: Eastern littoral zone of Laguna and Chucuito, Bahia de Puno, Lake Titicaca, Peru. Piacota, 18°11'49.8"S, 69°15'56.9"W, Arica County, Holotype: AMNH 52191. Chile. elevation 4400 meters. Holotype: MNHNC Distribution: Lake Titicaca basin, Peru and Bolivia. P7222. IUCN: Not Evaluated. Distribution: Lake Piacota at the Altiplano, Comment: See Cruz-Jofré et al. (2013) for correct Parinacota Province, Chilean Altiplano, Chile. scientific name. IUCN: Not Evaluated. 134. Orestias silustani Allen, 1942 130. Orestias polonorum Tchernavin, 1944 Orestias silustani, Allen [W. R.] in Eigenmann & Orestias polonorum, Tchernavin [V. V.] 1944:195, Allen 1942:366, Pl. 19 (fig. 1) [Fishes of western fig. 12 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of South America]. London v. 114 (pts 1-2)]. EN: Silustan pupfish. EN: Junin pupfish. Type locality: Lago Umayo, Peru. Holotype (?): CAS Type locality: Lake Junin, Peru. Holotype: BMNH 44205 [ex IU 16097] (5). 1944.6.6.223. Distribution: Lake Titicaca basin, Peru. Distribution: Lake Junin, Peru and Bolivia. IUCN: Vulnerable. IUCN: Endangered. 135. Orestias taquiri Tchernavin, 1944 131. Orestias puni Tchernavin, 1944 Orestias taquiri, Tchernavin [V. V.] 1944:221, fig. 22 Orestias jussiei puni, Tchernavin [V. V.] 1944:194, [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London v. figs. 11a-b [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of 114 (pts 1-2)]. London v. 114 (pts 1-2)]. EN: Isla Taquiri pupfish. EN: Capachica pupfish. Type locality: Taquiri Island, Lago Pequeño, south- Type locality: Bahia de Puno, Lake Titicaca, Peru. eastern Lake Titicaca, Bolivia, depth 2.7-2.8 meters. Distribution: Lake Titicaca basin, Peru and Bolivia. Holotype: BMNH 1944.6.6.534. IUCN: Not Evaluated. Distribution: Lake Titicaca, Bolivia. IUCN: Not Evaluated. 132. Orestias richersoni Parenti, 1984 Orestias richersoni, Parenti [L. R.] 1984:197, fig. 59 136. Orestias tchernavini Lauzanne, 1981 [Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural Orestias tchernavini, Lauzanne [L.] 1981:84, fig. 6 History v. 178 (art. 2)]. [Cybium 3e série. Bulletin de la Société Française EN: Richardson pupfish. d'Ichtyologie v. 5 (no. 3)]. Type locality: Río Coata upstream from Coata, Lake EN: Tchernavin pupfish. 22 Esmaeili et al.- Cyprinodontid fishes of the world

Type locality: Tiquina, Lake Titicaca, Bolivia. 1944.6.6.173. Holotype: MNHN 1981-0770. Distribution: Lake Titicaca, Peru and Bolivia. Distribution: Lake Titicaca, Bolivia. IUCN: Not Evaluated. IUCN: Not Evaluated. 141. Orestias ututo Parenti, 1984 137. Orestias tomcooni Parenti, 1984 Orestias ututo, Parenti [L. R.] 1984:200, fig. 62 Orestias tomcooni, Parenti [L. R.] 1984:206, figs. 4B, [Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural 18A, 71 [Bulletin of the American Museum of History v. 178 (art. 2)]. Natural History v. 178 (art. 2)]. EN: Ututo pupfish. EN: Tom Coon pupfish. Type locality: Lago Ututo, Peru, about 9°50'S, Type locality: Near the village of Huatayata, northern 77°30'W. Holotype: AMNH 52183. side of Lago Pequeño of Lake Titicaca, Bolivia. Distribution: Upper Amazon River basin, Peru. Holotype: AMNH 52188. IUCN: Not Evaluated. Distribution: Lake Titicaca: Bolivia and Peru. IUCN: Not Evaluated. Acknowledgments We thank Shiraz University for financial supports. 138. Orestias tschudii Castelnau, 1855 Orestias tschudii, Castelnau [F. L.] 1855:51, Pl. 27 References (fig. 1) [Animaux nouveaux or rares v. 2]. Akşiray, F. 1948. Türkische Cyprinodontidlerii hakkinda EN: Tschudi pupfish. I. Revue de la Faculté des Sciences de l'Université Type locality: Lake Titicaca. Syntypes: MNHN A- d'Instanbul, Série B: Sciences Naturelles 13(2): 97- 9604 (3). 138. (In German) Distribution: Lake Titicaca: Bolivia and Peru. Akşiray, F. 1955. Uber eine neue Anatolichthys Form. Publications of the Hydrobiological Research IUCN: Not Evaluated. Institute, Series B, Istanbul =İstanbul Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Hidrobiologi Araştırma Enstitüsü 139. Orestias tutini Tchernavin, 1944 Yayınlarından Seri B 3(2-3): 57-62. Orestias tutini, Tchernavin [V. V.] 1944:219, fig. 21 Arratia, G. 1982. Peces del Altiplano de Chile. In: El [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London v. Hombre y los Ecosistemas de Montaña. MAB-6. El 114 (pts 1-2)]. ambiente natural y las poblaciones humanas de Los EN:- Andes del Norte Grande de Chile. Vol. 1. La Type locality: Taquiri Island, Lago Pequeño, vegetación y los vetebrados interiores. Entre Africa y southeastern Lake Titicaca, Bolivia, depth 2.7-2.8 El Lago Chungará 1: 93-133. meters. Holotype: BMNH 1944.6.6.544. Baird, S.F. & Girard, C.F. 1853. Descriptions of new Distribution: Lake Titicaca, Bolivia. species of fishes collected by Mr. John H. Clark, on the U. S. and Mexican Boundary Survey, under Lt. IUCN: Not Evaluated. Col. Jas. D. Graham. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 6: 387-390. 140. Orestias uruni Tchernavin, 1944 Blanco, J.L.; Hrbek, T. & Doadrio, I. 2006. A new species Orestias uruni, Tchernavin [V. V.] 1944:213, fig. 17 of the genus Aphanius (Nardo, 1832) (Actinopterygii, [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London v. Cyprinodontidae) from Algeria. Zootaxa 1158: 39-53. 114 (pts 1-2)]. Bleeker, P. 1863-64. Atlas ichthyologique des Indes EN: Urun pupfish. Orientales Néêrlandaises, publié sous les auspices du Type locality: Uruni Bay, north side of Capachica Gouvernement colonial néêrlandais. Tome III. Peninsula, Lake Titicaca, Peru. Lectotype: BMNH Cyprins 3: 1-150. 23 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (March 2018), 5(1): 1-29

Böhlke, E.B. 1984. Catalog of type specimens in the Morphometric study of the Iberian Aphanius ichthyological collection of the Academy of Natural (Actinopterygii, Cyprinodontiformes), with Sciences of Philadelphia. Special Publication, description of a new species. Folia Zoologica: Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 14: 1- International Journal of Vertebrate Zoology 51(1): 216. 67-79. Boulenger, G.A. 1890. Description of two new Echelle, A.A. & Echelle A.F. 1978. The Pecos River cyprinodontoid fishes. Annals and Magazine of pupfish, Cyprinodon pecosensis n. sp. Natural History 6(32)(19): 169-170. (Cyprinodontidae), with comments on its Boulenger, G.A. 1907. Zoology of Egypt: The fishes of the evolutionary origin. Copeia 1978(4): 569-582. Nile. Hugh Rees, Ltd., London. 578 p. Eigenmann, C.H. & Eigenmann R.S. 1889. Description of Castelnau, F.L. 1855. Poissons. In: Animaux nouveaux or a new species of Cyprinodon. Proceedings of the raresrecueillis pendant l'expéditiondans les parties California Academy of Sciences 1: 270. centrales de l'Amérique du Sud, de Rio de Janeiro a Eigenmann, C.H. & Allen W.R. 1942. Fishes of Western Lima, et de Lima au Para; exécutée par ordre du South America. I. The intercordilleran and gouvernement Français pendant les années 1843 a Amazonian lowlands of Peru. II.- The high pampas of 1847. Part 7, Zoologie. Paris (P. Bertrand) 2: 1-112. Peru, Bolivia, and northern Chile. With a revision of Coad, B.W. 1988. Aphanius vladykovi, a new species of the Peruvian Gymnotidae, and of the genus Orestias. tooth-carp from the Zagros Mountains of Iran University of Kentucky. 494 p. (Osteichthyes: Cyprinodontidae). Environmental Eigenmann, C.H. 1903. The fresh-water fishes of western Biology of Fishes 23(1-2): 115-125. Cuba. Bulletin of the U.S. Fish Commission Coad, B.W. 2009. A new species of tooth-carp, Aphanius 22(1902): 211-236. mesopotamicus, from Iran and Iraq (Actinopterygii, Eschmeyer, W.N.; Fricke, R. & Laan, R. (2018). Catalog Cyprinodontidae). ZooKeys 31: 149-163. of Fishes: Genera, Species, References. http:// Cope, E.D. 1876. Note on the ichthyology of Lake researcharchive.calacademyorg/research/ichthyology Titicaca. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, /catalog/fishcatmain.asp. Accessed on 15 Jan. 2018. Philadelphia. Second 8 (2)(7): 185-187. Esmaeili, H.R.; Teimory, A.; Gholami, Z.; Zarei, N. & Costa, W.J.E.M. (2015) Phylogenetic position and Reichenbacher, B. 2012. Re-validation and re- tentative generic placement for Cyprinodon martae description of an endemic and threatened species, Steindachner, 1875 (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes), Aphanius pluristriatus (Jenkins, 1910) (Teleostei, a killifish from northern Colombia. Vertebrate Cyprinodontidae), from southern Iran. Zootaxa 3208: Zoology 65: 27-30. 58-67. Cruz-Jofré, F.; Valladares, M.A.; Vila, I & Méndez, M.A. Esmaeili, H.R.; Teimori, A.; Gholami, Z. & 2013. The genus Orestias (Teleostei: Reichenbacher, B. 2014. Two new species of the Cyprinodontidae): nomenclatural errors in the tooth-carp Aphanius (Teleostei: Cyprinodontidae) assignment of species names. Zootaxa 3746(4): 597- and the evolutionary history of the Iranian inland and 599. inland-related Aphanius species. Zootaxa 3786(3): Cuvier, G. & Valenciennes, A. 1846. Histoire naturelle des 246-268. poissons. Tome dix-huitième. Suite du livre dix- Fowler, H.W. 1916. Notes on fishes of the orders Haplomi huitième. Cyprinoïdes. Livre dix-neuvième. Des and Microcyprini. Proceedings of the Academy of Ésocesou Lucioïdes 18: 1-505. Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 68: 415-439. Day, F. 1872. Notes on fish, collected by Dr. Stoliczka in Freyhof, J.; Weissenbacher A. & Geiger, M.F. 2017a. Kachh. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal Aphanius kruppi, a new killifish from Oman with 41(2)(1-4): 258-260. comments on the A. dispar species group De la Maza-Benignos, M. (ed.) 2009. Los Peces del Río (Cyprinodontiformes: Aphaniidae). Zootaxa 4338(3): Conchos. Chihuahua. [New taxa are in Apéndice D]: 557-573. 185-189. Freyhof, J.; Özuluğ, M. & Saç, G. (2017b). Neotype Doadrio, I.; Carmona, J.A & Fernández-Delgado, C. 2002. designation of Aphanius iconii, first reviser action to 24 Esmaeili et al.- Cyprinodontid fishes of the world

stabilise the usage of A. fontinalis and A. meridionalis in den Jahren 1835 bis 1841, etc. E. and comments on the family group names of fishes Schweizerbart'sche Verlagshandlung. Stuttgart. placed in Cyprinodontidae (Teleostei: Ichthyologie [von Syrien]. In Russegger 1(2): 990- Cyprinodontiformes). Zootaxa 4294(5): 573-585. 1099. Gaillard, C. 1895. Notes sur quelques espèces de Heckel, J.J. 1847. Naturhistorischer Anhang. [Various Cyprinodons de l'Asie Mineure et de la Syrie. subtitles.] In: Russegger, J. von: Reisen in Europa, Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Lyon Asien und Afrika, unternommen in den Jahren 1835 6(2): 2-15. bis 1841. E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagshandlung, Garman, S. 1881. New and little-known reptiles and fishes Stuttgart 2(3): 207-357. in the museum collections. Bulletin of the Museum of Helmstetter, A.J.; Papadopulos, A.S.T.; Igea, J.; Van Comparative Zoology 8(3): 85-93. Dooren, T.J.M.; Leroi, A.M. & Savolainen, V. 2016. Garman, S. 1895. The cyprinodonts. Memoirs of the Viviparity stimulates diversification in an order of Museum of Comparative Zoology 19(1): 1-179. fish. Nature Communications, 7, 11271. Gervais, F.L.P. 1853. Remarques sur les poissons Holly, M. 1929. Drei neue Fischformen aus Persien. fluviatiles de l'Algérie, et description de deux genres Anzeiger der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, nouveaux sous les noms de Coptodon et Tellia. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse 66(7): Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Paris (Zoologie) 19: 62-64. 5-17. Hrbek, T. & Wildekamp, R.H. 2003. Aphanius villwocki, Getahun, A. & Lazara, K.J. 2001. Lebias stiassnyae: a new a new species from the Sakarya River basin of central species of killifish from Lake Afdera, Ethiopia Anatolian plain, Turkey (Teleostei: Cyprinodonti- (Teleostei: Cyprinodontidae). Copeia 2001(1): 150- formes). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters 153. 14(2): 137-144. Gholami, Z.; Esmaeili, H.R.; Erpenbeck, D. & Hrbek, T.; Keivany, Y. & Coad, B.W. 2006. New species Reichenbacher, B. 2014. Phylogenetic analysis of of Aphanius (Teleostei, Cyprinodontidae) from Aphanius from the endorheic Kor River Basin in the Isfahan Province of Iran and a reanalysis of other Zagros Mountains, Southwestern Iran (Teleostei: Iranian species. Copeia 2006(2): 244-255. Cyprinodontiformes: Cyprinodontidae). Journal of Hubbs, C.L. & Miller, R.R. 1942. Studies of the fishes of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research the order Cyprinodontes. XVIII. Cyprinodon 52(2): 130-141. laciniatus, new species, from the Bahamas. Girard, C.F. 1859. Ichthyological notices. Proceedings of Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia University of Michigan 458: 1-11. 11(60-77): 157-161. Hubbs, C.L. 1926. Studies of the fishes of the order Goode, G.B. 1879. A preliminary catalogue of the fishes Cyprinodontes. VI. Miscellaneous Publications, of the St. John's River and the east coast of Florida, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan 16: 1- with descriptions of a new genus and three new 86. species. Proceedings of the United States National Hubbs, C.L. 1936. Fishes of the Yucatan Peninsula. Museum 2(73): 108-121. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publications Günther, A. 1866. Catalogue of fishes in the British 457(17): 157-287. Museum. Catalogue of the Physostomi, containing the Huber, J.H. 2015. Comments on the description of families Salmonidae, Percopsidae, Galaxidae, Aphanius marassantensis by Pfleiderer, Geiger & Mormyridae, Gymnarchidae, Esocidae, Umbridae, Herder, 2014, with proposed synonymization. Killi- Scombresocidae, Cyprinodontidae, in the collection Data 2015: 31-35. of the British Museum 6: 1-368 Humboldt, F.H.A. & Valenciennes, A. 1821. Recherches Heckel, J.J. 1843. Ichthyologie. In: J. von Russegger. sur les poissons fluviatiles de l'Amérique Reisen in Europa, Asien und Africa, mitbesonderer Équinoxiale. In: Voyage de Humboldt et Bonpland, Rücksicht auf die naturwissenschaftlichen Deuxièmepartie. Observations de Zoologie et Verhältnisse der betreffenden Länder unternommen d'Anatomie Comparée. Paris 2(1833): 145-216. 25 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (March 2018), 5(1): 1-29

Humphries, J.M. & Miller, R.R. 1981. A remarkable Museum of Natural History 54(2): 231-240. species flock of pupfishes, genus Cyprinodon, from Meek, S.E. 1909. New species of fishes from tropical Yucatán, Mexico. Copeia 1981(1): 52-64. America. Field Columbian Museum, Zoological Humphries, J. M. 1984.Cyprinodon verecundus, n. sp., a Series 7(7): 207-211. fifth species of pupfish from Laguna Chichancanab. Miller, R.R. & Echelle, A.A. 1975. Cyprinodon tularosa, a Copeia 1984(1): 58-68. new cyprinodontid fish from the Tularosa Basin, New Jenkins, J.T. 1910. Notes on fish from India and Persia, Mexico. Southwestern Naturalist 19(4): 365-377. with descriptions of new species. Records of the Miller, R.R. & Fuiman, L.A. 1987. Description and Indian Museum (Calcutta) 5(12): 123-140. conservation status of Cyprinodon maculariuseremus, Kosswig, C. & Sözer, F. 1945. Nouveaux Cyprinodontides a new subspecies of pupfish from Organ Pipe Cactus de l'Anatoliecentrale. Revue de la Faculté des National Monument, Arizona. Copeia (3): 593-609. Sciences de l'Université d'Instanbul, Série B: Sciences Miller, R.R. & Walters, V. 1972. A new genus of Naturelles 10(2): 77-83. (In French) cyprinodontid fish from Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Kottelat, M.; Barbieri, R. & Stoumboudi, M.T. 2007. Contributions in Science (Los Angeles) 233: 1-13. Aphanius almiriensis, a new species of toothcarp from Miller, R.R. 1943. Cyprinodon salinus, a new species of Greece (Teleostei: Cyprinodontidae). Revue Suisse fish from Death Valley, California. Copeia 1943(2): de Zoologie 114(1): 13-31. 69-78. Lacepède, B.G.E. 1803. Histoire naturelle des poissons 5: Miller, R.R. 1948. The cyprinodont fishes of the Death 1-803. Valley system of eastern California and southwestern Lauzanne, L. 1981. Description de trois Orestias nouveaux Nevada. Miscellaneous Publications, Museum of du Lac Titicaca, O. ispi n. sp., O. forgeti n. sp. et Zoology, University of Michigan 68: 1-155. O. tchernavini n. sp. (Pisces, Cyprinodontidae). Miller, R.R. 1956. A new genus and species of Cybium 3e série. Bulletin de la Société Française cyprinodontid fish from San Luis Potosi, Mexico, d'Ichtyologie 5(3): 71-91. (English and Spanish with remarks on the subfamily Cyprinodontinae. summaries) Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology Leidenfrost, G. 1912. Kis-ázsiai halak. [Fishes from Asia University of Michigan 581: 1-17. Minor.]. Allatani Közlemények, Budapest 11: 125- Miller, R.R. 1968. Two new fishes of the genus 132. Cyprinodon, from the Cuatro Cienegas basin, Lozano-Vilano, M.deL. & Contreras-Balderas, S. 1993. Coahuila, Mexico. Occasional Papers of the Museum Four new species of Cyprinodon from southern of Zoology University of Michigan 659: 1-15. Nuevo León, Mexico, with a key to the C. eximius Miller, R.R. 1976. Four new pupfishes of the genus complex (Teleostei: Cyprinodontidae). Ichthyological Cyprinodon from Mexico, with a key to the Exploration of Freshwaters 4(4): 295-308. C. eximius complex. Bulletin of the Southern Lozano-Vilano, M.deL. & Contreras-Balderas, S. 1999. California Academy of Sciences 75(2): 68-75. Cyprinodon bobmilleri: new species of pupfish from Minckley, W.L. & Minckley, C.O. 1986. Cyprinodon Nuevo León, México (Pisces; Cyprinodontidae). pachycephalus, a new species of pupfish Copeia 1999(2): 382-387. (Cyprinodontidae) from the Chihuahuan Desert of Lozano-Vilano, M.deL. 2002. Cyprinodon salvadori, new northern Mexico. Copeia 1986(1): 184-192. species from the upper Rio Conchos, Chihuahua, Minckley, W.L.; Miller, R.R. & Norris, S.M. 2002. Three Mexico, with a revised key to the C. eximius complex new pupfish species, Cyprinodon (Teleostei, (Pisces, Teleostei: Cyprinodontidae). In: Cyprinodontidae), from Chihuahua, México, and Librojubilaren honor al Dr. Salvador Contreras Arizona, USA. Copeia 2002(3): 687-705. Balderas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Myers, G.S. 1935. An annotated list of the cyprinodont Monterrey, Mexico 5-325: 15-22. fishes of Hispaniola, with descriptions of two new Martin, C.H. & Wainwright, P.C. 2013. A remarkable species. Zoologica, Scientific Contributions of the species flock of Cyprinodon pupfishes endemic to San New York Zoological Society 10(3): 301-316. Salvador Island, Bahamas. Bulletin of the Peabody Nelson, J.S.; Grande, T.C. & Wilson, M.V.H. 2016. Fishes 26 Esmaeili et al.- Cyprinodontid fishes of the world

of the World. 5th edition. John Wiley & Sons, Museum Novitates 2990: 1-10. Hoboken, NJ. 707 p. Sözer, F. 1942. Türkiye Cyprinodontid'leri hakkında Neu, W. 1937. Burdur gölünden çikan Cyprinodon Contributions à la connaissance des Cyprinodontides sureyanus n. sp. [Cyprinodon sureyanusn. sp. Ausdem de la Turquie. Revue de la Faculté des Sciences de Burdur Göl]. Revue de la Faculté des Sciences de l'Université d'Instanbul, Série B: Sciences Naturelles l'Université d'Instanbul, Série B: Sciences Naturelles 7(4): 307-316. 2(2): 109-113. Steindachner, F. 1876. Ichthyologische Beiträge (IV) Parenti, L.R. 1984. A taxonomic revision of the Andean [With subtitles i-iv.]. Sitzungsberichte der killifishgenus Orestias (Cyprinodontiformes, Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Cyprinodontidae). Bulletin of the American Museum Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 72(1): of Natural History 178(2): 107-214. 551-616. Parenti, L.R. 1981. A phylogenetic and biogeo- graphic Strecker, U. 2002. Cyprinodon esconditus, a new pupfish analysis of cyprinodontiform fishes (Teleostei, from Laguna Chichancanab, Yucatan, Mexico Atherinomorpha). Bulletin of the American Museum (Cyprinodontidae). Cybium 26(4): 301-307. of Natural History 168: 335-557. Strecker, U. 2005. Description of a new species from Pfleiderer, S.J.; Geiger, M.F. & Herder, F. 2014. Aphanius Laguna Chichancanab, Yucatan, Mexico: Cyprinodon marassantensis, a new toothcarp from the Kızılırmak suavium (Pisces: Cyprinodontidae). Hydrobiologia drainage in northern Anatolia (Cyprinidontiformes: 541: 107-115. Cyprinodontidae). Zootaxa 3887(5): 569-582. Tchernavin, V.V. 1944. A revision of the subfamily Philippi, R.A. 1876. Descripcion de trespecesnuevos. Orestiinae. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of Anales de la Universidad de Chile 48(1): 261-266. London 114(1-2): 140-233. Poey, F. 1858-61. Memoriassobra la historia natural de la Teimori, A.; Esmaeili, H.R. & Reichenbacher, B. 2011. Isla de Cuba, acompañadas de sumarios Latinos y Aphanius farsicus, a replacement name for A. extractosen Francés. Tomo 2. La Habana. [Sections persicus (Jenkins, 1910) (Teleostei, have subtitles.] 2: 1-96(1858), 97-336 (1860), 337- Cyprinodontidae). Zootaxa 3096: 53-58. 442, (1861). Teimori, A.; Esmaeili, H.R.; Gholami, Z.; Zarei, N. & Pohl, M.; Milvertz, F.C.; Meyer, A. & Vences, M. 2015. Reichenbacher, B. 2012. Aphanius arakensis, a new Multigene phylogeny of cyprinodo- ntiform fishes species of tooth-carp (Actinopterygii, suggests continental radiations and a rogue taxon Cyprinodontidae) from the endorheic Namak Lake position of Pantanodon. Vertebrate Zoology 65: 37- basin in Iran. ZooKeys 215: 55-76. 44. Teimori, A.; Esmaeili, H.R.; Erpenbeck, D. & Reznick, D.N.; Furness, A.I.; Meredith, R.W. & Springer, Reichenbacher, B. 2014. A new and unique species of M.S. 2017. The origin and biogeographic the genus Aphanius Nardo, 1827 (Teleostei: diversification of fishes in the family Poeciliidae. Cyprinodontidae) from southern Iran: a case of PLoS ONE, 12(3), e0172546. regressive evolution. Zoologischer Anzeiger 253: Smith, M.L. & Miller, R.R. 1980. Systematics and 327-337. variation of a new cyprinodontid fish, Cyprinodon Valenciennes, A. 1839. Quelques observations sur les fontinalis, from Chihuahua, Mexico. Proceedings of Poissons que M. Pentland a rapportés du lac Titicaca the Biological Society of Washington 93(2): 405-416. et des autres points élevés des Andes. L'Institut 7: 118. Smith, M.L. 1989. Cyprinodon nichollsi, a new pupfish Vila, I. & Pinto, M. 1987. A new species of killifish from Hispaniola, and species characteristics of (Pisces, Cyprinodontidae) from the Chilean Altiplano. C. bondi Myers (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes). Revue d'Hydrobiologie Tropicale 19(3-4): 233-239. American Museum Novitates 2953: 1-10. Vila, I. 2006. A new species of killifish in the genus Smith, M.L.; Rodriguez, C.M. & Lydeard, C. 1990. Orestias (Teleostei: Cyprinodontidae) from the Systematics of Cyprinodon higuey, n. sp. and southern High Andes, Chile. Copeia (3): 472-477. Cyprinodon jamaicensis Fowler from the Greater Vila, I.; Scott, S.; Mendez, M.A.; Valenzuela, F.; Iturra, P. Antilles (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes). American & Poulin, E. 2012. Orestias gloriae, a new species of 27 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (March 2018), 5(1): 1-29

cyprinodontid fish from saltpan spring of the southern high Andes (Teleostei: Cyprinodontidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters 22(4): 345- 353. Wales, J.H. 1930. Biometrical studies of some races of cyprinodont fishes, from the Death Valley Region, with description of Cyprinodon diabolis, n. sp. Copeia (3): 61-70. Wildekamp, R.H.; Küçük, F.; Ünlüsayin, M. & van Neer, W. 1999. Species and subspecies of the genus Aphanius Nardo, 1897 [sic] (Pisces: Cyprinodontidae) in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Zoology 23: 23-44.

28 Iran. J. Ichthyol. (March 2018), 5(1): 1–29 Received: January 05, 2018 © 2018 Iranian Society of Ichthyology Accepted: March 01, 2018 P-ISSN: 2383-1561; E-ISSN: 2383-0964 doi: 10.22034/iji.v5i1.267 http://www.ijichthyol.org

مقاله مروری کپور ماهیان دنداندار جهان: فهرست به روز شده تاکسونومی، پراکنش و وضعیت حفاظتی )ماهیان استخوانی عالی: باال خانواده کپورماهیان دنداندار(

حمیدرضا اسماعیلی*1، طیبه اسرار1، علی غالمیفرد2

1آزمایشگاه تحقیقاتی ماهیشناسی و سیستماتیک مولکولی، بخش جانورشناسی، گروه زیستشناسی، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران. 2گروه زیستشناسی، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه لرستان، 6815144316 خرمآباد، ایران.

چکیده: هدف از این چکلیست فهرست کردن تمام باالخانواده کپورماهیان دنداندار گزارش شده از جهان است. این فهرست 141 گونه در 8 جنس و 4 خانواده را لیست مینماید. متنوعترین خانواده Cyprinodontidae )54 گونه، 38%( است که و خانواده های Orestiidae )45 گونه، Aphaniidae ،)%32 )29 گونه، 28%( و Cubanichthyidae )3 گونه، 2%( بهترتیب در رتبههای بعدی قرار میگیرند. در میان 141 گونه فهرست شده، 73 )8/51%( از گونهها ارزیابی نشده )NE(، 15 )6/10%( با کمترین نگرانی )LC(، 9 )4/6%( آسیبپذیر )VU(، 3 )%2/1(، کمبود داده )DD(، 11 )8/7%( در معرض انقراض )CR(، 4 )8/2%( در نزدیکی تهدید )NT(، 18 )8/12%( در معرض خطر )EN(، 3 )%2/1( منقرض شده در حیات وحش)EW( و 5 )5/3%( منقرض شده، در فهرست قرمز IUCN هستند. آنها در آبهای شیرین، لبشور، و آبهای شور ایاالت متحده آمریکا، آمریکای مرکزی، هند غربی، بخشهایی از شمال آمریکای جنوبی، شمال آفریقا، ناحیه آناتولی مدیترانه، نواحی ساحلی خلیج فارس و دریای مکران )دریای عمان(، شمال دریای عربی به سمت شرق تا گوجارات در هند، و برخی حوضههای آبریز درونی ایران، پاکستان و شبه جزیره عربستان ساکن هستند. کلماتکلیدی: تنوع زیستی، حفاظت، چکلیست، کپورماهیشکالن دنداندار.

29