DOCSLIB.ORG

John Quincy Adams the Trait That Broke a Presidency

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
John Quincy Adams the Trait That Broke a Presidency John Quincy Adams The trait that broke a presidency EPISODE TRANSCRIPT Listen to Presidential at http://wapo.st/presidential This transcript was run through an automated transcription service and then lightly edited for clarity. There may be typos or small discrepancies from the podcast audio. CHARLES EDEL: His mother and father told him from the time he was a really, really little boy that it was his job to carry the family name, to serve the Republic. But they are much starker in their language. I mean, these are good New England Puritan traits that they want to bring out in their son. So, he sails across the Atlantic when he's not even ten with his father in wartime conditions. They're chased by British schooners. And he gets letters from his mom, constantly, that say something along the lines of: 'Keep your morals. It's really important to the public and to me. If you don't keep your morals, it would have been better that you went down to the bottom of the ocean.' He gets letters from his father -- he actually has a much closer relationship with his father, in many ways -- that say something along the lines of: 'Considering the advantages that you've been given in life, if you don't rise to the top -- not only of your profession, but of your country -- you will have squandered everything that was given to you.’ LILLIAN CUNNINGHAM: John Quincy Adams didn't squander everything. He reached the very top to become president of the United States, just like his father, John Adams. But as we'll learn, John Quincy was much more influential on his way up and on his way down than he was during his time at the nation's pinnacle. I'm Lillian Cunningham, and this is the sixth episode of Presidential. PRESIDENTIAL THEME MUSIC LILLIAN CUNNINGHAM: That was Charles Edel speaking at the beginning. He's a professor at the U.S. Naval War College, but he's currently serving in the State Department. He's also the author of the book, “Nation Builder: John Quincy Adams and the Grand Strategy of the Republic.” Now, this episode is, of course, about our sixth president: John Quincy Adams. But perhaps what this episode is really about is a single unique and all-important presidential leadership trait -- and that is the ability to work with Congress. We're about to see how lacking that one trait can break a Presidential podcast wapo.st/presidential 1 presidency. But first, let's take a step back for a moment and revisit what's been going on up until now. The United States has declared and secured its independence from England, and we've had five American presidents already. The country itself is not only becoming more powerful on the global stage, but it's actually getting physically bigger. It's buying up territory so that it can expand from the east coast all the way toward the Pacific. Now, John Quincy Adams has had a front-row seat for all of this. He was alive as a young boy during the American Revolution. And, of course, his dad John Adams was one of the founding fathers. Now, when John Quincy is only 26-years old, he serves as a diplomat abroad while George Washington is president. And then again, he serves as a diplomat when his father John Adams is president and when James Madison is, too. By the time James Monroe was president, John Quincy Adams is named secretary of state. We haven't really been talking about him in earlier episodes, but he is actually behind a lot of the territorial expansion and the big diplomatic moments we've been seeing up until now. In fact, he was so skilled at diplomacy that, today, there are portraits of John Quincy Adams all over the State Department. And actually, one of the main diplomatic reception rooms there is also named after him. CHARLES EDEL: Particularly among those who study and trace foreign policy, his name is really well-known. I mean he's certainly considered the most successful, maybe the second most, but generally tops the list of most successful secretaries of state. He was in office for eight years straight. Most surveys posit him as the central player on foreign policy for the entire 19th century. And that's because he's enormously successful as a diplomat. I mean -- his accomplishments as secretary of state. He not only writes the Monroe Doctrine. He also is the first person to push for and secure American territorial expansion all the way out to the Pacific. So he has a really good run of it. If you know Adams for anything, you know him for his most famous speech -- that America should not go forth in search of monsters to destroy. This has been endlessly quoted. In fact, it might be one of the most quoted phrases in all of U.S. foreign policy history. LILLIAN CUNNINGHAM: And so what is it that particularly drew you to studying John Quincy Adams? CHARLES EDEL: So, many, many years ago, when I was working at the Council on Foreign Relations in New York City, my old boss handed me a very small book and made the argument in this very small book that there were three grand strategists in our nation's history -- really, three grand strategic traditions. The first being John Quincy Adams. The second being Franklin Roosevelt. And the third, maybe not as a grand strategist, but what George W. Bush was doing, the argument went, was not totally ahistorical, but did draw on certain trends from earlier in American history. The most interesting part of that book by far -- because that's really a somewhat controversial argument, at least that latter part -- was the first: that John Quincy Adams was the primary architect, the primary strategist, of America's growth to power throughout the entire 19th century, laying down the lines all the way into the 20th century. I thought that was a fabulously interesting argument, and I wanted to see if it was true. Presidential podcast wapo.st/presidential 2 LILLIAN CUNNINGHAM: OK, so if John Quincy Adams is one of the grand strategists in American history, why do you think it is that so many Americans don't think of him as one of our great presidents or, you know, probably don't even really know much about him? CHARLES EDEL: A couple of different reasons. First of all, he's not a founder per se. John Adams, people remember. John Quincy Adams, a little bit less. Second, maybe we don't like political dynasties. So, that's a little bit of a point why there. But then, I think more importantly, is he's a one-term president. He's the only one-term president other than his dad until you get to Martin Van Buren much later on. And I would go further and say that his presidency is more or less a failure. I mean, almost every single policy that he rolls out and advances as president fails. So, that's one real reason why most Americans don’t know him. I mean, you know the name. But he's lower on the list. He's also not a particularly pleasant personality. And there's something to be said for that, too. For those people who have read David McCullough's biography of John Adams or have seen that wonderful HBO series -- if you remember John Adams, there a couple of shining characteristics of John Adams. He's smart. He knew it. He wanted you to know that. And as you might anticipate, he was pretty annoying about that. Well, all these traits are carried out to the nth degree by his son. But he has none of the mellowing and humor that his father has. LILLIAN CUNNINGHAM: You know him very well. Now would you set him up on a blind date with someone you knew? CHARLES EDEL: It would depend who I was setting him up on a date with. I don't know, I like you - - I'm not sure that I want to say I would. Maybe? I've spent a lot of time with old J.Q.A. and I would say, that – look, he doesn't suffer fools gladly. He's irascible. He has a very challenging relationship with his wife for the first 30-plus years of their marriage. But he is brilliant. He's interesting. He's fascinating to talk to -- when he's not feeling bad for himself, which is often. He is one of the best conversationalists there are. I mean, it's interesting that when foreign dignitaries come to the United States…and I'm talking about really, the biggies -- Charles Dickens, Alexis de Tocqueville, the Marquis de Lafayette. They all make sure that number one on their social agenda is getting together with John Quincy Adams. Not only because he is a great conversationalist, but because his views of the United States and of foreign policy are so expansive and so interesting. I mean, this is a pretty spectacular man that, when you can engage him, those who were close to him -- you know, both intellectuals but some politicians too, and also those he advocated on behalf of -- thought he was just spectacular. But he was cold. He was remote. His own son said he was impenetrable. And his grandson, the famous historian Henry Adams, said that he had an inner nature so complex that he was an enigma to all of his contemporaries.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • John Adams, Alexander Hamilton, and the Quasi-War with France
    John Adams, Alexander Hamilton, and the Quasi-War with France David Loudon General University Honors Professor Robert Griffith, Faculty Advisor American University, Spring 2010 1 John Adams, Alexander Hamilton, and the Quasi-War with France Abstract This paper examines the split of the Federalist Party and subsequent election defeat in 1800 through the views of John Adams and Alexander Hamilton on the Quasi-War with France. More specifically, I will be focusing on what caused their split on the French issue. I argue that the main source of conflict between the two men was ideological differences on parties in contemporary American politics. While Adams believed that there were two parties in America and his job was to remain independent of both, Hamilton saw only one party (the Republicans), and believed that it was the goal of all “real” Americans to do whatever was needed to defeat that faction. This ideological difference between the two men resulted in their personal disdain for one another and eventually their split on the French issue. Introduction National politics in the early American republic was a very uncertain venture. The founding fathers had no historical precedents to rely upon. The kind of government created in the American constitution had never been attempted in the Western World; it was a piecemeal system designed in many ways more to gain individual state approval than for practical implementation. Furthermore, while the fathers knew they wanted opposition within their political system, they rejected political parties as evil and dangerous to the public good. This tension between the belief in opposition and the rejection of party sentiment led to confusion and high tensions during the early American republic.
    [Show full text]
  • Carnival Time Comes Tonight
    - CARNIVAL TIME COMES TONIGHT FUN FOR ALL AT THE CARNIVAL 500-Driver Shows All Aclamsites To Car Safety Exhibit �N.£ � ii Attencl Gala Affair unusual and interesting exhibit willAn be on display in the auditorium today. It is an all-day program on Finally!! The opportunity many of automobile safety sponsored by the us have been eagerly anticipating is Champion Spark Plug Company. Mr. here. Surely there are many of you Jimmy Reese, who placed seventh in who have always wanted a chance to his first attempt at the 500-mile Me­ throw a pie at Larry Thompson! And morial Day Racing Classic at Indi­ where do you get this golden oppor­ anap0lis, will be program director. tunity? Why at the Senior Carnival, All students of driver education of course! will have access to this program as Tonight, from 7 to 9:30, any Adams well as those students who have student cannot only throw pies at study hall during the day. If at all either Larry Thompson or Ron Co­ possible, students should try to view hen, but they can play miniature goli this program because Mr. Reese, on the stage, throw basketballs in the holder of the third fastest time for gym, or send telegrams to any place the 500-mile track-145.513 m.p.h.­ in the carnival. Students with ro,­ should have a fast moving and sti­ Pie-throwing! Basketball! Get married! These are only samples he mantic inclinations can be married of t mulating program for all drivers. activities can find at tonight's Senior Carnival.
    [Show full text]
  • Hamilton County (Ohio) Naturalization Records – Surname A
    Hamilton County Naturalization Records – Surname A Applicant Age Country of Origin Departure Date Departure Port Arrive Date Entry Port Declaration Dec Date Vol Page Folder Naturalization Naturalization Date Restored Date Aarnink, Geert 33 Hanover Bremen New Orleans T 11/07/1855 13 190 F F Aaron, Louis 37 Russia Hamburg New York T 04/17/1891 T F Abbato, Frank 30 Italy Havre New York T 08/31/1894 21 71 F F Abel, Frederick 27 Brunswick Bremen New Orleans T 04/19/1860 27 69 F F Abel, Jacob 38 England Liverpool New York T 10/11/1882 T F Abel, Jacob 30 England Antwerp New York T 10/14/1895 T F Abel, Joseph 38 Germany Havre New York T 01/10/1883 F F Abel, Michael 25 Prussia Hamburg New York T 07/02/1857 15 122 F F Abeling, Henry 24 Oldenburg Bremen Baltimore T 09/13/1852 25 60 F F Abeling, John Bernard 24 Germany Amsterdam New York T 12/27/1888 T F Abeling, John Clement 22 Germany Amsterdam New York T 12/27/1888 T F Abelowitz, Harris 41 Russia Hamburg New York T 10/12/1892 T F Abig, Philipp 28 Russia Hamburg New York T 10/29/1900 T F Abraham, Albert 41 Germany Hamburg New York F ? T T 10/29/1887 Abraham, David 74 Germany Havre New Orleans F ??/??/1852 28 70 F T 09/??/1854 10/12/1893 Abraham, Emanuel 6 England ? New York F T T 10/11/1888 Abraham, Isidor 30 Germany Hamburg New York T 10/26/1889 T F Abraham, John 17 England ? New York F T T 10/12/1888 Abraham, Joseph 24 Syria Bayruth New York T 07/16/1892 T F Abraham, Morris 47 Germany Bremen New York T 03/06/1897 T F Abraham, Samuel 8 England ? New York F T T 10/23/1886 Abrahart, William 50 England Liverpool New York T 03/02/1886 T F Abrams, Evan 23 Wales Liverpool Philadelphia T 02/24/1853 7 230 F F Abrams, Jacob 57 Poland London New York T 10/20/1888 T F 08/16/1890 Abromovicz, Jacob Romania ? 1/19/1901 ? T 8/24/1903 T F Abt, Christoph 44 Prussia ? New York T 11/16/1887 T F Achtzehn, Chas.
    [Show full text]
  • A Massachusetts Yankee in the Court of Charleston Jasper Adams, College President in Antebellum South Carolina” Historical Journal of Massachusetts Volume 35, No
    Gerald Vaughn, “A Massachusetts Yankee in the Court of Charleston Jasper Adams, College President in Antebellum South Carolina” Historical Journal of Massachusetts Volume 35, No. 2 (Summer 2007). Published by: Institute for Massachusetts Studies and Westfield State University You may use content in this archive for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the Historical Journal of Massachusetts regarding any further use of this work: [email protected] Funding for digitization of issues was provided through a generous grant from MassHumanities. Some digitized versions of the articles have been reformatted from their original, published appearance. When citing, please give the original print source (volume/ number/ date) but add "retrieved from HJM's online archive at http://www.westfield.ma.edu/mhj. A Massachusetts Yankee in the Court of Charleston: Jasper Adams, College President in Antebellum South Carolina By Gerald Vaughn Massachusetts clergyman and educator Jasper Adams (1793-1841) was among the line of notable descendants of Henry Adams (1583- 1646), who fled persecution in England circa 1630 and settled on a farm in the Braintree area, then part of Boston. The most notable of Henry Adams’s descendants include U.S. presidents John Adams, John Quincy Adams, Millard Fillmore, William Howard Taft, and Calvin Coolidge, and Vice-President Richard Cheney. John Adams erected a monument in Henry Adams’s honor in Quincy, Massachusetts. Jasper Adams grew to manhood in Massachusetts. His travels in adult life took him from Massachusetts to South Carolina, where he gained his renown. While his career was spent mostly in the south he was a Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, at Boston, and a Corresponding Member of the Massachusetts’ Historical Society.
    [Show full text]
  • Martin Van Buren: the Greatest American President
    SUBSCRIBE NOW AND RECEIVE CRISIS AND LEVIATHAN* FREE! “The Independent Review does not accept “The Independent Review is pronouncements of government officials nor the excellent.” conventional wisdom at face value.” —GARY BECKER, Noble Laureate —JOHN R. MACARTHUR, Publisher, Harper’s in Economic Sciences Subscribe to The Independent Review and receive a free book of your choice* such as the 25th Anniversary Edition of Crisis and Leviathan: Critical Episodes in the Growth of American Government, by Founding Editor Robert Higgs. This quarterly journal, guided by co-editors Christopher J. Coyne, and Michael C. Munger, and Robert M. Whaples offers leading-edge insights on today’s most critical issues in economics, healthcare, education, law, history, political science, philosophy, and sociology. Thought-provoking and educational, The Independent Review is blazing the way toward informed debate! Student? Educator? Journalist? Business or civic leader? Engaged citizen? This journal is for YOU! *Order today for more FREE book options Perfect for students or anyone on the go! The Independent Review is available on mobile devices or tablets: iOS devices, Amazon Kindle Fire, or Android through Magzter. INDEPENDENT INSTITUTE, 100 SWAN WAY, OAKLAND, CA 94621 • 800-927-8733 • [email protected] PROMO CODE IRA1703 Martin Van Buren The Greatest American President —————— ✦ —————— JEFFREY ROGERS HUMMEL resident Martin Van Buren does not usually receive high marks from histori- ans. Born of humble Dutch ancestry in December 1782 in the small, upstate PNew York village of Kinderhook, Van Buren gained admittance to the bar in 1803 without benefit of higher education. Building on a successful country legal practice, he became one of the Empire State’s most influential and prominent politi- cians while the state was surging ahead as the country’s wealthiest and most populous.
    [Show full text]
  • Abigail Adams, Letters to from John Adams and John Quincy Adams
    ___Presented, and asterisked footnotes added, by the National Humanities Center for use in a Professional Development Seminar___ Mass. Hist. Soc. Mass. Hist. Soc. ABIGAIL ADAMS LETTERS TO HER SON JOHN QUINCY ADAMS 20 March 1780 Abigail Adams 26 December 1783 John Quincy Adams In Letters of Mrs. Adams, The Wife of John Adams, ed., Charles Francis Adams 3d. edition, Boston: Charles C. Little and James Brown, 1841. 20 March, 1780. MY DEAR SON, Your letter, last evening received from Bilboa,* relieved me from much anxiety; for, having a day or two before received letters from your papa, Mr. Thaxter,1 and brother, in which packet I found none from you, nor any mention made of you, my mind, ever fruitful in conjectures, was instantly alarmed. I feared you were sick, unable to write, and your papa, unwilling to give me uneasiness, had concealed it from me; and this apprehension was confirmed by every person’s omitting to say how long they should continue in Bilboa. Your father’s letters came to Salem, yours to Newburyport, and soon gave ease to my anxiety, 10 at the same time that it excited gratitude and thankfulness to Heaven, for the preservation you all experienced in the imminent dangers which threatened you. You express in both your letters a degree of thankfulness. I hope it amounts to more than words, and that you will never be insensible to the particular preservation you have experienced in both your voyages. You have seen how inadequate the aid of man would have been, if the winds and the seas had not been under the particular government of * John Quincy Adams (13) and his younger brother Charles sailed to Europe in late 1779 with their father, John Adams, who had been appointed special envoy to Europe during the American Revolution.
    [Show full text]
  • The Capitol Dome
    THE CAPITOL DOME The Capitol in the Movies John Quincy Adams and Speakers of the House Irish Artists in the Capitol Complex Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way A MAGAZINE OF HISTORY PUBLISHED BY THE UNITED STATES CAPITOL HISTORICAL SOCIETYVOLUME 55, NUMBER 22018 From the Editor’s Desk Like the lantern shining within the Tholos Dr. Paula Murphy, like Peart, studies atop the Dome whenever either or both America from the British Isles. Her research chambers of Congress are in session, this into Irish and Irish-American contributions issue of The Capitol Dome sheds light in all to the Capitol complex confirms an import- directions. Two of the four articles deal pri- ant artistic legacy while revealing some sur- marily with art, one focuses on politics, and prising contributions from important but one is a fascinating exposé of how the two unsung artists. Her research on this side of can overlap. “the Pond” was supported by a USCHS In the first article, Michael Canning Capitol Fellowship. reveals how the Capitol, far from being only Another Capitol Fellow alumnus, John a palette for other artist’s creations, has been Busch, makes an ingenious case-study of an artist (actor) in its own right. Whether as the historical impact of steam navigation. a walk-on in a cameo role (as in Quiz Show), Throughout the nineteenth century, steam- or a featured performer sharing the marquee boats shared top billing with locomotives as (as in Mr. Smith Goes to Washington), the the most celebrated and recognizable motif of Capitol, Library of Congress, and other sites technological progress.
    [Show full text]
  • Corrupt Bargain" Charge Against Clay and Adams
    THE "CORRUPT BARGAIN" CHARGE AGAINST CLAY AND ADAMS: AN HISTORIOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS BY WILLIAM G. MORGAN Oral Roberts University Tulsa, Oklahoma The election of 1824 provided a substantial portion of the ground- work for the notable political changes which emerged from the some- what misnamed "Era of Good Feelings," while at the same time involv- ing several unusual political phenomena. A cardinal feature of this electoral struggle was the large number of prominent candidates. Early in the contest the serious contenders totaled as many as "16 or 17," in- cluding William H. Crawford, Secretary of the Treasury; John Quincy Adams, Secretary of State; Henry Clay, long-time Speaker of the House; John C. Calhoun, Secretary of War; Smith Thompson, Secretary of the Navy; Vice-President Daniel D. Tompkins; Governor DeWitt Clinton of New York; Representative William Lowndes of South Carolina; and a comparative latecomer to politics, General Andrew Jackson] As the campaign progressed, several of these men dropped from conten- tion: Lowndes died in 1822, while Thompson, Tompkins, and Clinton fell from the ranks for lack of support, though there was mention of the latter's possible candidacy late in 1823.2 Calhoun subsequently withdrew from the race, deciding to delay his bid for the presidency to accept the second office.8 Of the prominent contenders remaining in the contest, Crawford was the administration favorite, and his position as Treasury Secretary had enabled him to build a significant following in various circles.4 Despite these advantages, Crawford's success proved illusory: among other difficulties, the Georgian suffered a severe stroke in the summer of 1823 and was the victim of the growing antagonism toward the caucus, the very insti- nation on which he was relying to bring him broad party support.5 Adams, Clay, and Jackson fought actively to secure an electoral majority or, failing that, to gain sufficient votes to be included in the top three who would be presented to the House of Representatives for the final decision.
    [Show full text]
  • Missouri Compromise (1820) • Compromise Sponsored by Henry Clay
    Congressional Compromises and the Road to War The Great Triumvirate Henry Clay Daniel Webster John C. Calhoun representing the representing representing West the North the South John C. Calhoun •From South Carolina •Called “Cast-Iron Man” for his stubbornness and determination. •Owned slaves •Believed states were sovereign and could nullify or reject federal laws they believed were unconstitutional. Daniel Webster •From Massachusetts •Called “The Great Orator” •Did not own slaves Henry Clay •From Kentucky •Called “The Great Compromiser” •Owned slaves •Calmed sectional conflict through balanced legislation and compromises. Missouri Compromise (1820) • Compromise sponsored by Henry Clay. It allowed Missouri to enter the Union as a Slave State and Maine to enter as a Free State. The southern border of Missouri would determine if a territory could allow slavery or not. • Slavery was allowed in some new states while other states allowed freedom for African Americans. • Balanced political power between slave states and free states. Nullification Crisis (1832-1833) • South Carolina, led by Senator John C. Calhoun declared a high federal tariff to be null and avoid within its borders. • John C. Calhoun and others believed in Nullification, the idea that state governments have the right to reject federal laws they see as Unconstitutional. • The state of South Carolina threatened to secede or break off from the United States if the federal government, under President Andrew Jackson, tried to enforce the tariff in South Carolina. Andrew Jackson on Nullification “The laws of the United States, its Constitution…are the supreme law of the land.” “Look, for a moment, to the consequence.
    [Show full text]
  • Fascinating Facts About the Founding Fathers
    The Founding Fathers: Fascinating Facts (Continued) Fascinating Facts About The Founding Fathers Once Gouverneur Morris was offered a bet of one Thomas Jefferson has been described as a(n): dinner if he would approach George Washington, agriculturalist, anthropologist, architect, astronomer, slap him on the back and give him a friendly greet- bibliophile, botanist, classicist, diplomat, educator, ing. He wanted to show people how “close” he ethnologist, farmer, geographer, gourmet, horseman, was to the “chief.” Morris carried out the bet, but horticulturist, inventor, lawyer, lexicographer, linguist, later admitted that after seeing the cold stare from mathematician, meteorologist, musician, naturalist, Washington, he wouldn’t do it again for a thousand numismatist, paleontologist, philosopher, political dinners! philosopher, scientist, statesman, violinist, writer. ___________________ He was also fluent in Greek, Latin, French, Spanish, Italian, and German! George Washington was born on February 11, ___________________ 1732, but in 1751 Great Britain changed from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar. An act of Parlia- Upon graduating from Harvard, John Adams became ment added eleven days to make the adjustment a grammar school teacher. “My little school, like complete and in 1752 Washington celebrated his the great world, is made up of Kings, politicians, birthday on February 22! divines, fops, buffoons, fiddlers, fools, coxcombs, ___________________ sycophants, chimney sweeps, and every other character I see in the world. I would rather sit in Of the Founding Fathers who became president, school and consider which of my pupils will turn out only George Washington did not go to college. John be a hero, and which a rake, which a philosopher Adams graduated from Harvard, James Madison and which a parasite, than to have an income of a graduated from Princeton, and Thomas Jefferson thousand pounds a year.” attended the College of William and Mary.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Download
    Book Reviews 307 Pressly deserves praise for his accomplishment in pre- senting this survey of intellectual history, and for providing the student and general reader with a useful summary of the major literature of the Civil War. And, considering the world in which Pressly writes, it is a matter of moment to have this important reminder that honest men may differ in their interpretations of events. Earlham College Harold M. Hyman The Writing of American History. By Michael Kraus. (Norman, Oklahoma : University of Oklahoma Press, 1953, pp. x, 386. Index. $5.50.) American historiography began with the Norse sagas but with the Spanish historians there began a chain of narration that links with our own day, and Richard Hakluyt was to write volumes about imperial expansion before the English began their colonization of America. With this introduction Michael Kraus takes up the historians of the first settle- ments-John Smith, William Bradford, John Winthrop, and on through the Mathers. The chapters that follow, in the main, proceed chronologically : The Era of Colonialism ; The Growing National Spirit: 1750-1800 ; Gathering the Records- Awaiting the National Historian ; Patriots, Romantics-and Hildreth; Francis Parkman; The Rise of the “Scientific School” ; Henry Adams ; The Nationalist School ; The Imperial School of Colonial History ; The Frontier and Sectional Histor- ians ; Biography ; and Contemporary Trends. In 1891 James Franklin Jameson published a sketch of American historical writing, carrying his study to the 1880’s. In 1917 John Spencer Bassett published his The Middle Group of American Historians, chiefly concerned with Sparks, Bancroft, and Peter Force. Not until 1937 when Michael Kraus published his A History of American History was any survey of the whole field of American historical writing available.
    [Show full text]
  • HUBBARD PREXY, FREEMAN VEEP 113 GARY ENGELL Ifuldeard Had Nearly a 450 Vote Lead Over Hank Ramp Male Represent Ate% E -At Large
    California State Library 3acroonto 9, California HUBBARD PREXY, FREEMAN VEEP 113 GARY ENGELL Ifuldeard had nearly a 450 vote lead over Hank Ramp Male Represent ate% e -at Large. Behr, 1339. W. Hs. after the first day of balloting. Ramp ended in second 130.2 Hubbard, outs1.anding track two-miler, cap- Don place. with 860 votes. Feinale K.presentatir-at-Large: on Tillow, l’ - night as he won the student tur cl another laurel Fr:day !:fan Croonquist. chief justice of the. Student Court. land us State College.. body piesidency of Sari ?het the three precincts set up on campus definitely 'Male mor Justice: Ariesela. Bucaria. ur Ray Freeman gain-sel tl..0 vice president's job, defeat- atli-ibuted to the increase in votes cast. They we -re- lo- 'Female sailior Justice: lie.hr. fi- ing Vern Perry on secoild place votes. catoei in the Outer Quad. near the Wanleffli Gym and Senior Representathr: NlePherson. 500. Ritterman no In closest race cf the. election. Al Behr, sopho- :it the corner of 7th and San Antonio streets. 265 ?e. Moil. president. won 6'; r Bob Weiss, sophomorr repre- -I do believe that with the high school music stu- Junior Representatise: Ai ithzton, 335, Ferris, 19.: us sentative, for the positicr of male retire 5..ntative-at-large dent, on campus and with some classes being dismissed. l'ee'.ci t I Is eh by 37 votes. Behr had 1339 and Weiss had 1302. At no that it hurt our vote total, but Pin completels satisfied sophomore Representative: Ryan. 381.
    [Show full text]