EUROPEAN UNION

Project co-funded by the European Union under ERDF – European Regional Development Fund

“A” LABELED MUNICIPALITIES

Project promoted by the Presidency of the Region of

The Region of Sardinia supports local municipalities on a path towards environmental sustainability, energy efficiency and renewable energies

Project promoted by the Presidency of the Region of Sardinia

EUROPEAN UNION

Project co-funded by the European Union under ERDF – European Regional Development Fund The "Smart City – “A” labeled municipalities” project is a symbol of a Sardinia having decided to make courageous, innovative choices and break with the past. Our island no longer seeks solutions imposed from the above; rather, it is proactive and offers a model to be followed in the national and international arena.

We restart from ourselves: from our reality, our excellence, from projects, ideas and values that originate in Sardinia and respect our culture and our identity. We possess wealth that no multinational can ever outsource, beauty that none can ever imitate, knowledge that is imbued in our social fabric and is not encountered elsewhere. These form the basis and the starting point for a miniature "revolution on a human scale" to finally set aside the logic that in the past has always seen our island at a dramatic crossroads between employment on the one hand and health, safety, and usability of the territory on the other. We must strive for a recovery that entails not only economic benefits, but also a concrete improvement in citizens’ quality of life.

The “point of no return” in this process was the referendum against nuclear energy. With the clear double prevalence of a “yes” vote, the Sardinians not only showed disdainful rejection for the idea that our island could be considered a destination for nuclear power plants and waste, but also said something more, which is a sign of a renewed awareness of our autonomy: we want to be able to choose for ourselves, we want to determine our own future. This desire is reflected in the signing of the Covenant of Mayors with the European Union in 2011. The Region of

Sardinia decided to start the Sardinia CO2.0 Programme and has pledged to launch a set of innovative initiatives concerning sustainable development, energy saving and alternative energy production that could create a new development model based on the Green Economy.

We have set ourselves the ambitious goal of making our Region a national and international leader in the field of emissions reduction from climate-changing gases and sustainable energy development. The Project was included among the government priorities with the aim of going beyond the objectives set by the European Union concerning

CO2 reduction, energy saving and the use of alternative energy sources.

If we talk about the land, we must also talk about the environment and its protection and preservation: an action whereby the individual who has to live in the territory does not have a purely contemplative role, but an active one and must treat the land as a precious commodity. In this context, the Region has the responsibility to plan and coordinate, assigning to the representatives of the territory the role of real actors in development choices.

3 The extensive participation in the public tender for the "Smart City – “A” labeled municipalities” project in 2011 INDEX showed that the message came through strongly to the local administrations; some 257 of them have, in fact, expressed interest in taking part in the supporting path for developing the Sustainable Energy Action Plans (SEAP), • Introduction 7 and 66 of them benefited from the technical assistance provided by the Region. • Objectives of the project 9 • The implementation strategy 11 Today, at the end of the supporting path, the results are encouraging: professionals and administrators along with the fundamental contribution of social actors have drafted SEAPs in line with the 20-20-20 climate and energy • The actors involved 13 package approved by the European Union, containing specific actions and strategies for energy efficiency and • Stages of the project 15 reducing CO2 emissions in their territories. - Start of the project and selection of Pioneer Communities 15 - Team building of the work group 15 This document is intended as a testament to this new experience and aims at supporting the drafting of the SEAPs - Support for Pioneer Communities in drafting of the SEAP 19 for all those administrations wishing to utilise this tool, implementing energy-saving actions and using renewable - Preliminary phase (April - May 2012) 19 resource energy in order to reduce CO2 and thus participate in the fight against climate change in their territories. - Working out the context analysis and Baseline Emissions Inventory (June - August 2012) 21 - Involvement and participation of local actors (July - October 2012) 21 Ugo Cappellacci - Identification of project actions (October - November 2012) 27 President of the Region of Sardinia - Final drafting of SEAPs and submission to the Covenant of Mayors (November 2012 - January 2013) 29 • Assistance after SEAP 31 - Support for the economic - financial analysis 31 - Administrative support 31 - Dissemination and awareness-raising activities aimed at schools 32 • Project phases 34 • Project numbers 37 • Glossary 38 • Useful contacts 41 “A” LABELED MUNICIPALITIES

Introduction

The Autonomous Region of Sardinia, with the Sardinia CO2.0 Programme, has undertaken a strategic path aimed at

reducing CO2 emissions and stimulating and promoting investment in sustainable energy. This programme aims at enacting the provisions of the European Union in the European Package on Climate and Energy 20-20-20 aimed at: • reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 20% by 2020 compared to 1990 levels; • increasing by 20% the amount of energy produced from renewable sources; • reducing energy consumption by 20%.

The "Smart City – “A” labeled municipalities” project - integrated into the Sardinia CO2.0 Programme, aims at directly involving Local Administrations as the protagonists for sustainable development in their territory. Through a model of innovative governance, the "Covenant of Mayors", municipalities are able to interact directly with the structures of the European Commission, becoming the policy implementing bodies in the field of sustainable energy.

The Region of Sardinia has selected 21 Pioneer Communities as beneficiaries of the support in drafting the Sustainable Energy Action Plans (SEAP). By joining the Covenant of Mayors, Communities have pledged to draft, within one year,

the SEAP document, which will define the strategies and actions for reducing CO2 emissions by at least 20% by 2020. The Region of Sardinia, as a support structure in the implementation process, has made available a team of multidisciplinary experts specially trained in support and technical assistance.

This publication aims at explaining the "Smart City – “A” labeled municipalities” project through the stages of its implementation path, emphasising the contribution offered by the various actors involved and the innovative value of the methodology that has characterised it.

6 7 THE COVENANT OF MAYORS Objectives of the project

The Covenant of Mayors is an initiative promoted by the European Commission to actively involve European The general objective of the "Smart City – “A” labeled municipalities” project is to support and assist Municipal cities in the implementation of its strategy towards energy and environmental sustainability. The initiative was Administrations in the process of drafting the Sustainable Energy Action Plan (SEAP). launched by the Commission on 29th January 2008 as part of the second edition of the European Sustainable The specific objectives can be summarized as follows: Energy Week (EUSEW 2008). • providing municipalities with an updated and flexible tool for energy planning, able to positively affect The Covenant, which has been joined so far by over 4500 cities among important European capitals and community development in the medium and long term; numerous cities in non-EU Member Countries, with the involvement of over 160 million people, gives local • providing the municipalities with the information necessary to rationalise consumption (consumption status and administrations the opportunity to engage actively in the fight against climate change through projects that trends of land and structures); modernise administrative management and directly affect citizens’ quality of life. The signatories represent • increasing the skills of the staff in municipal technical offices by means of a technical support given by cities of various sizes, from small villages to major metropolitan areas. specialised personnel made available by the Region of Sardinia; • facilitating access to financing instruments currently available for carrying out operations through a specific technical and financial support.

WHAT IS THE SEAP? HOW SEAPs WERE STRUCTURED IN PIONEER COMMUNITIES

The SEAP, the Sustainable Energy Action Plan, is the key document which defines the procedures by which As required by the Covenant of Mayors, the SEAP drafted by Pioneer Communities follows the structure municipal administrations plan to achieve the goals of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 2020. By joining described below: the Covenant of Mayors, the Municipality pledges to draft the SEAP within one year and send it to the Covenant • the context analysis contains a geographic framework describing the state of affairs in the various of Mayors’ Office at the European Commission. The commitments undertaken by signing the Covenant relate to territories with respect to climate and socio-economic aspects, urban planning structure, transport and the territory of the entire municipality, and the plan, therefore, includes actions that involve both the public and mobility, energy infrastructure and waste production; the private sector. • the Baseline Emission Inventory (BEI) quantifies the energy consumption, for the baseline year selected,

in the public and private sector and the corresponding CO2 emissions. This is the fundamental tool for identifying the main problems and areas where intervention is necessary to improve energy efficiency and the use of renewable energy; • the "Participatory process" describes the involvement and participation of the local actors (stakeholders) for sharing objectives, strategies and areas of intervention and for defining the actions to be carried out; • the Action Plan indicates, on the basis of the information provided by the context analysis, the BEI and SWOT analysis, the strategy, the areas of intervention, objectives and actions to be carried out to reduce

energy consumption and CO2 emissions by 2020.

The SEAPs also describe the organisational and financial positions that each Community intends to adopt for the management and implementation of the actions stated. 8 9 The implementation strategy

The "Smart City – “A” labeled municipalities” project is a tool to support local communities placed at the disposal of the Region of Sardinia and, therefore, represents an important opportunity to experiment on an integrated path of activation, technical assistance, tutoring and coaching. Beyond the specific results achieved in terms of drafting the SEAPs, the project addressed the challenge of combining development and sustainability, in a way agreed upon by all the local actors.

The experimental approach of the "Smart City" project is a direct result of the Covenant of Mayors, the initiative that gave rise to it, whose innovation is noticeable in several respects:

• in the theme, focused on reducing energy consumption and CO2 emissions; • in the approach, which entails the direct involvement of Local Administrations and the creation of partnership networks; • in the scope and coverage of the initiative, directed to thousands of local communities throughout the European Union.

The work methodology, created by the Region of Sardinia with the "Smart City" project, moves in the same direction, aiming at promoting maximum sharing in all the stages of the project through the creation of a “control room” consisting of all the actors directly involved in the initiative. The operational stages also focus on an approach based on the involvement of local administrations and the public as the main protagonists in the direction undertaken. Twenty tutors were selected to support the Pioneer Communities, including 12 with scientific and technical skills and eight with socio-economic backgrounds. The multidisciplinary nature of the work group made it possible to provide specialised support both in the stage of energy consumption analysis and in the choice of interventions, as well as in the participatory process and in the process of listening to the territory. The participation techniques used in the support activities aimed at creating strategies and projects that were considered to be unbiased choices, the result of discussion and comparison: this approach is one of the prerequisites for the future success of the initiatives contained in the SEAPs.

The novelty of this approach is also highlighted by the choice to include financial analysts’ skills in the work group to assist the Pioneer Communities in identifying the best economic and financial solutions for the implementation of the actions in the SEAPs. The methodological approach of the "Smart City" project, while likely to undergo revisions and refinements in line with its experimental and innovative character, is proposed as a "good practice", replicable in a regional and European context, for complex projects that require the coordination of different stakeholders and maximum participation of the local communities within a single framework.

10 11 The actors involved

The project involved 21 Pioneer Communities, consisting of municipalities benefiting from the support for drafting the SEAPs, distributed over the entire Sardinian territory.

Several parties were involved in the implementation of the project:

• the Directorate General of the Presidency of the Region of Sardinia, through the Service for Coordination

of Policies on reducing CO2 – Green Economy, coordinated the project from its earliest creative stages;

• two scientific coordinators supported the General Directorate of the Presidency of the Autonomous Region of Sardinia, contributing to the construction of the project and supervising the entire development process of the SEAPs, ensuring its coherence with the regional and national guidelines and with the requirements of the Covenant of Mayors;

• Sardegna Ricerche Regional Agency for research and innovation, made Renewable Energy Cluster competencies available to the project, composed of technicians expert in the fields of renewable energy and environmental sustainability. In addition, it selected the tutors, managed the activities of technical assistance to the Communities and hosted dissemination activities at its headquarters for dissemination directed to the secondary school students of the Pioneer Communities;

• SFIRS Financial Intermediary under Articles 106 and 107 of Leg. Decree 385 dated 01.09.1993 – supported the Pioneer Communities in the development of investments and in evaluating their cost-effectiveness and financial sustainability. For these activities, SFIRS set up a dedicated task force with six expert professionals who, under the coordination of a project manager, contributed to the preparation of the investment projects described in the SEAPs submitted by the Pioneer Communities;

• BIC Sardegna is the agency that supports the Regional Administration in the definition and implementation of measures to promote business creation and development and local development programmes. In the "Smart City" project, BIC Sardegna took care of the relations with businesses through information and activation activities, aimed at collecting project proposals in the field of renewable energy and creating Public-Private Partnerships (PPP).

12 13 Photography: Press Office Autonomous Region of Sardinia of Region Autonomous Office Press Photography: Borutta Below are listed the 66 municipalities that adhered to the project individually or unitedly and submitted respectively Florinas single SEAPs or joint SEAPs. Stages of the project Ghilarza • Abbasanta Ozieri Start of the project and selection of the Pioneer Communities • Aidomaggiore • Erula The "Smart City" project began in June 2011, with the publication of a notice addressed to the municipalities interested • Busachi • Tula • Boroneddu in undertaking a supporting path aimed at drafting their own SEAP. • Fordongianus 257 municipalities (out of the total 377 in Sardinia) expressed their interest in undertaking such a path, individually • Norbello • or unitedly. After an evaluation of the applications based on social, economic, demographic and geographic coverage • Nughedu Santa Vittoria • criteria and on the activities carried out in the past by the same municipalities in the field of renewable energy • Ollastra • • Paulilatino • sources, energy saving and sustainable development, 21 Pioneer Communities were identified, involving a total of • Samugheo • Lei 66 municipalities. • Siamaggiore • Between April and May 2012, the Pioneer Communities signed a Memorandum of Understanding with the Region of • Soddi • Noragugume Sardinia which defined the respective commitments and regulated assistance activities. • Solarussa • Silanus • Tadasuni • Sindia • Zerfaliu Team building of the work group Assolo The involvement of different stakeholders with various roles and experience made it necessary a skill alignment Belvì Arborea aimed at sharing the objectives and promoting effective coordination. • Marrubiu Villagrande Team building was accomplished through classroom and outdoor "experiential" activities. • Palmas Arborea • San Nicolo d’Arcidano Classroom activities, lasting three weeks, covered the following topics: • Santa Giusta • • Terralba • development of the SEAP (methodologies, contents, case studies); • Uras • formulation, sharing and development of a bottom-up strategy; • development of the Baseline Emission Inventory; Baradili Sadali • project ideas on energy efficiency, renewable energy sources, sustainable mobility; • development of an economic-financial plan; • • financing methods for the SEAPs. Sant’Anna Arresi • Giba • • • • • • • • • Villaperuccio14 • 15 Classroom activities included the participation of experts (University teachers, professionals) and officials of the Region of Sardinia and of the regional agencies involved. The need for a strong coordination, being at the same time inclusive and "participatory" for all the stakeholders involved, emerged during the classroom activities conducted with the tutors in the technical training, and emphasised the need to promote the construction of a group identity for the stakeholders involved in the project and an effective system of communication and coordination. Thus, an outdoor training course was organised, which involved the tutors, the representatives of Sardegna Ricerche, BIC, SFIRS, the Presidency of the Region of Sardinia and the Regional Programming Centre. The above-mentioned activity was carried out within the framework of the 360° ERDF Project, which represents an organisational and training operation in support of the regional management structures of the actions of the ROP ERDF of the Region of Sardinia, managed by the General Affairs Directorate’s Organisation and Training department. The outdoor training took place in the nature park of Montarbu in the area of . Specifically, educational experiences were offered, managed by a coach and a psychologist expert in outdoor training activities, along with two facilitators. The activities were centred on group work experiments in contexts far removed from everyday working life and on actions aimed at sharing real or hypothetical critical events, trying to find practical solutions. The activities were organised in sequence, which allowed participants to maximise their learning: for each group, first they did an activity in a subgroup and then they shared their experiences and reflected as a group on what had happened under the guidance of a psychologist, who highlighted the key aspects related to knowing how to be and work in groups.

Photographs: Mauro Frau Mauro Photographs: The outdoor training brought various results: • a sense of common identity and belonging to the project developed, offering an opportunity for comparing and relating among those who, in various capacities, are involved in laying the foundations for a fruitful cooperation; • critical issues and doubts were identified by all the stakeholders of the project, concerning the tutors’ work and the management methods of the project; information was shared for preliminary planning actions for solving the critical issues identified and agreed upon; • a group identity developed within each tutor team, also encouraging collaboration and integration among the different teams; • participants acquired a greater awareness of the meaning of working as a team in a team work context and developed relational and communicative competencies.

16 17 Support for Pioneer Communities in drafting the SEAP The recognition of the central role of the Pioneer Communities, from the viewpoint of both the administrators and local actors, was the starting point for setting out all the activities for drafting the SEAPs. The different phases that accompanied the entire process are shown below.

Preliminary phase (April - May 2012) • Presentation of the structure of technical assistance to the selected Pioneer Communities. Signing of the Memorandum of Understanding between the Region of Sardinia and the Pioneer Communities and assignment of a support team to each community; explanation and sharing of documents and of preparatory actions for the drafting of the SEAPs (check lists for the collection of data on energy consumption aimed at drafting the Baseline Emission Inventory - BEI), of the descriptive documents of the "Smart City" project, of the Covenant of Mayors and of the procedures for drawing up the SEAPs, according to the guidelines of the Covenant of Mayors: "How to develop a Sustainable Energy Action Plan".

• First supporting activities on the territory. Meetings were organised with local administrators and the heads of the municipal technical offices to plan project activities and identify the internal organisational structures in the Communities and the human resources assigned to the process.

18 19 Working out the context analysis and Baseline Emissions Inventory (June - August 2012) The tutors and the scientific coordinators supported the Communities in the construction of a descriptive framework of the baseline situation in the territories. The Pioneer Communities made their information heritage available for working out the context analysis. This made it possible to devise and highlight the main weaknesses and strengths of the territories. This information was indispensable to develop the SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) matrix, a qualitative/quantitative analysis that summarises the strengths and weaknesses of the territories, the opportunities to seize and the threats to prevent. The Baseline Emission Inventory was prepared using the data on energy consumption and production collected at the preliminary stage. The areas for investigation were identified depending on the economic and productive strengths of the different territories. The overall picture that emerged from the analytical phase represented a concrete basis for formulating the scenarios necessary to identify the strategy and actions of the SEAP.

Involvement and participation of local actors (July - October 2012) Aware that each territory has its specific features, the various stakeholders to be involved in the development process of the SEAP were identified. Three levels of intervention were established representing a continuum of the participatory process: information, involvement and activation of local communities. Information activities were carried out at different times and in meetings between the administrators and the citizens. From institutional communication to meetings with schools, from participation in local events to in-depth meetings on access to financial resources, the Communities were accompanied and supported both in the dissemination aspects and in the acquisition of specific and technical information. In order to ensure a bottom-up approach to the whole process, the involvement of local actors started in the identification phase of the intervention. Starting from the review of the territory, the listening to and sharing of various stakeholders’ cases continued to identify the elements useful for drafting the strategy and the consequent actions. Among the actions involving stakeholders, a specific activity was aimed at the businesses. BIC Sardegna carried out a programme of regional meetings aimed at raising the awareness about the "Smart City" project within the entire regional territory and illustrating the opportunities arising from it. The call for participation was heeded by the social and economic fabric of the Pioneer Communities. During the meetings, notwithstanding the heterogeneity

20 21 Photography: Mauro Frau Mauro Photography: of the categories involved, they were able to deal with multiple themes useful in the identification of strategies and Social impact assessment in the definition of actions. Within the activities developed in conjunction with the Communities, tools were developed for evaluating the At the end of the involvement and participation of local actors, for every Pioneer Community an SWOT analysis was social impact of the actions. prepared to summarise the results of the participation process and to orient the identification phase for strategy i1-Ar and actions. The participation and involvement methods used by the tutors were selected as needed in obedience The instrument used, IMIS (Multidimensional Social to local specificities. Impact Index), ensures a focus on the social and i7-Ac i2-Ao economic dimensions connected to the quality of life In the detail boxes, the peculiarities of each method used are presented succinctly. of the communities. The index is similar to the structure of the Multiple Deprivation Index developed by the iMIS European Awareness Scenario Workshop (EASW) Region of Sardinia, which summarises the hardship of i6-Ai i3-Aa This is a method originated in Denmark aimed at finding an agreement among the different groups of a municipality by considering different aspects of social stakeholders in a local context, aimed at reaching a consensual definition of a sustainable city. This method is and economic life. The IMIS looks at seven aspects: a useful tool for promoting the transition to agreed sustainable development models based on a more careful disposable income, employment, environment, health, use of resources. An EASW promotes democratic participation and awareness in public choices. Participants can services, education and crime, and makes it possible i5-Ase i4-Asa be: citizens and representatives of the tertiary sector, technicians and experts, administrators and civil servants, to carry out closer observation and monitoring of the and entrepreneurs. impact of actions and their implications on communities in the short, medium and long term.

Focus Groups In the SEAPs of the Pioneer Communities, it was decided to make reference to the Indirect Impact Index A focus group (or discussion group) is a qualitative research technique born in the United States originating in the (iDMSind), which focuses more on qualitative aspects than the Direct Impact Index. The iMISind index represents 1940s and used in human and social sciences where a group of people is invited to speak, debate and discuss a first attempt to test tools useful in assessing the social impact of the actions. The Communities where this tool a topic, a project, or an idea. A focus group generally consists of 8 to 12 members plus a moderator with the is tested will continue on the path of social impact assessment in order to make the SEAP more effective in the function of guiding the discussion and analysis of the attitudes. Community balance and in the sustainable development of the areas involved.

Metaplan® Metaplan is a technique intended to streamline the process of communication within a group to facilitate, in a limited period of time, the achievement of results, while maintaining a deep involvement of the participants. Metaplan is a moderation tool able to activate participation processes to explore new perspectives starting from the contribution of group members. It can be used to define action plans and to reach agreement on decisions.

22 23 Sardinia grows with Europe Project co-funded by the European Union EUROPEAN UNION ERDF European Regional Development Fund Below are some statements and visions of the territories expressed by the Mayors and collected during the

Within the "Smart City – “A” labeled municipalities” actions involving local actors. These statements summarise the goals of sustainable development of the project, the Presidency of the Region of Sardinia municipalities and Pioneer Communities. promotes meetings with enterprises aimed at stimulating their contribution to the implementation "All this represents the future for our children and for our grandchildren and with our actions, of a new development model based on the reduction of energy consumption and polluting emissions. we must try to leave them an environment that is as close as possible to what we have known". Mayor of Arborea

"The Municipal Administration of Belvì values its territory, it cares about the health, happiness and prospects of its citizens. With SEAP we are trying to improve the quality of life of our citizens by stimulating the adoption of new lifestyles which ensure energy saving and environmental protection." ENTERPRISES: Mayor of Belvì AN OPPORTUNITY TO CONTRIBUTE "We are envisioning a Basso where environmental protection a proper management of the land and an intelligent use of energy, will also create, in addition to reducing emissions, TO A SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT a distinctive image of the territory." Pioneer Community of Basso Sulcis

"The process of drafting the SEAPs starts with the active and widespread involvement of our socio-economic fabric and its success requires broad and innovative solutions that blend eco-sustainability with the quality of life of our citizens." Pioneer Community of Costa delle Miniere

"Starting from the territory and its riches we can think in terms of a long-term development that sees in the issue of energy a possibility and a lever to improve the quality of life and well-being of the entire territory." Pioneer Community of Ballao

"In 2020 Ozieri, Tula and Erula, allied in TEO, (an acronym for Tula, Erula, Ozieri, but also for Technology, Energy and Organisation), a network for energy production and consumption, will have reached a high degree of self-sufficiency through a sensitivity built on the basis of relevant training, information, guidance, and citizen participation activities." Pioneer Community of Ozieri-Tula-Erula

24 25 Identification of project actions (October - November 2012) The Pioneer Communities, with the support they received, were able to define proposals in technical and financial- economic terms to be integrated in the SEAPs. The assessment of the technical feasibility of the proposals was conducted by tutors, scientific coordinators and by Sardegna Ricerche, who checked that the assessment was consistent with the results of the context analysis. In parallel and in close collaboration with the technical evaluation, SFIRS conducted an economic evaluation of the cost-effectiveness and financial viability sustainability of the project proposals. The activities made it possible to classify the project actions in categories: hot or cold, according to their capacity for return on the investment. The so-called hot actions can be financed through the resources of the JESSICA Revolving Fund or other EU, national or regional financing instruments.

HOT ACTIONS WARM ACTIONS COLD ACTIONS Actions capable of generating Actions whose revenues from These are unable to generate income through revenues from user fees are not sufficient to re- income through revenues from user fees, to such an extent as to pay the investment entirely and, user fees, so their cost must be repay the investment costs and therefore, a public contribution borne totally by public funds. ensure financial sustainability is needed to ensure their econo- over time. mic and financial sustainability.

26 27 TYPES OF INTERVENTIONS INCLUDED IN THE SEAPS Final drafting of the SEAPs and submission to the Covenant of Mayors (November 2012 - January 2013) Plants for energy production Urban planning interventions The drafting of the SEAP is the main concrete result of the supporting activity. from renewable sources and sustainable construction • Photovoltaic systems • Retrofitting public buildings The path identified the following elements useful for the drafting of the SEAPs: • Solar heat systems • Public building energy certification • the territorial framework and the Baseline Emission Inventory worked out during the analysis phase; • Biomass heating systems • System efficiency • strategies and intervention proposals that emerged from the territorial activation phase; • Biomass co-generation and tri-generation (air conditioning, lighting, • project forms resulting from the identification of strategic actions and the evaluation of technical, economic and • Biogas co-generation DHW - domestic hot water - and ventilation) financial feasibility. • Wind farms • Environmental Energy Regulation • Solar cooling • Guidelines for Energy Saving This information formed, therefore, the basis for drafting the SEAPs developed by each Pioneer Community. • Concentrating solar power The support activities conducted in this phase focused on supporting the development of contents. • Mini-hydroelectric systems Interventions in support of sustainable The goal was to give greater coherence to the index format of the SEAP, planned in the preparatory phase and shared purchases and consumption with the Communities, respecting the specific characteristics of each of them. The assistance activity concluded with Interventions for energy efficiency in public • Public lighting the formal approval of the SEAPs by the Municipal Councils of all the Communities and their contextual submission to and private buildings • Waste Reduction the Covenant of Mayors’ Office and to the regional Administration. • Energy retrofit of municipal buildings • GPP - Green Public Purchasing • Incentives for the energy retrofit of residential • Forest management buildings and the tertiary sector • Short supply chain

Interventions in the field of sustainable mobility Information, participation • Electric cars and empowerment interventions • Mobility management • Education for sustainability • Low-impact transport • Educational projects in schools • Public transport • Life-long training • Piedibus (walking bus) • Energy information desk • Bike lanes • Bike sharing • Car sharing • ZTL (limited traffic zones)

28 29 Assistance after SEAP

After the submission of the SEAPs to the Covenant of Mayors’ Office and, likewise, to the Region of Sardinia, the work group activities were focused on three fronts: support for the economic and financial analysis of the projects, administrative support for the implementation of the interventions and information and awareness-raising activities about sustainability issues, aimed at all citizens.

Support for the economic - financial analysis This action carried out by SFIRS is aimed at ensuring that the Pioneer Communities have access to specialized advice and assistance for submitting financing requests, within the JESSICA initiative and related to the implementation of the interventions included in the SEAPs, to the Urban Development Fund (UDF).

Administrative support In order to facilitate the preparation of the technical and administrative documents necessary for implementing the interventions included in the SEAP, municipalities were offered further information support by the regional offices responsible for the environment, urban planning and landscape protection.

JESSICA - Joint European Support for Sustainable Investment in City Areas JESSICA is an initiative of the European Commission, the European Investment Bank (EIB) in cooperation with the Council of Europe Development Bank (CEB). It was designed to promote sustainable investments, growth and employment in urban areas. The Region of Sardinia joined the JESSICA project in July 2011, signing the financing Agreement with the EIB and instituting the participation Fund JESSICA Sardinia, by using the 2007-2013 ROP ERDF resources. The JESSICA Fund finances projects through loans or risk capital, an innovative formula, as the capital invested is expected to produce a "return" to finance new projects. JESSICA is, therefore, a tool to use the Structural Funds as effectively as possible and to attract additional resources from private and/or public investors in the investment process, developing, among other things, possible public-private partnerships.

30 31 Photography: Dessì&Monari, Supporti Visivi Dessì&Monari, Photography: Dissemination and awareness-raising activities aimed at schools The "I will save the environment by..." contest Within the "Smart City – “A” labeled municipalities” project, the Region of Sardinia developed a series of dissemination The contest was run in 2011-2012 and 2012-2013 school years and invited students from Sardinia to confront on and awareness-raising activities aimed at schools concerning issues of renewable energy, energy saving and climate issues of environmental sustainability, climate change, renewable energies, energy saving, sustainable mobility, change via Sardegna Ricerche. recycling and biodiversity, by producing works using their talent and creativity. Addressed to all primary and These include: contests aimed at schools, travelling conferences and educational activities linked to the themes of secondary schools of Sardinia, the contest was open to the participation of both classes and individual students, climate change. and many of them participated in it. Educational activities and travelling conferences, reserved to secondary school students in Pioneer Communities, provided an opportunity for in-depth study and discussion on renewable energies and their implications for the territory, thanks to the participation of expert academics and researchers. Some of these educational activities were run for the secondary school students of the Pioneer Communities participating in the Ambienteidea contest sponsored by the Regional Programming Centre, for the 2012-2013 school year, within the activities for celebrating Europe Day (9th May 2013).

The goal of the contest was to make students more aware of the importance of using and respecting natural resources and to describe new models of virtuous behaviour useful to the achievement of the objectives set by the climate and energy package 20-20-20.

32 33 Project phases

May > 2012 June 2011 April 2012 May 2012 November March 2013 January 2013 September 2011 > September 2011 > November 2012 > from April 2013

Publication of the announcement of the "Smart City – SEAP drafting and submission to the Covenant of Mayors “A” labeled municipalities”project

Tutor selection and team building SEAP final list approval

Pioneer Community selection and signing of the Memorandum Planning activity aimed at access to EUSF EE/ER resources of Understanding with the Region of Sardinia

Support activities for the Pioneer Communities

34 35 Project numbers

257 manifestations of interest

66 Municipalities selected

21 Pioneer Communities

151 thousand citizens living in the Pioneer Communities

91 thousand tons estimated reduction in CO2 emissions

250 million euros estimated value of the projects integrated in the SEAPs

21 thousand sq km municipal territory involved in the interventions

36 37 Glossary Photovoltaic systems are systems that produce Sardinia CO2.0 programme strategic initiati- Tri-generation means the production of three for- electricity (composed of photovoltaic modules made ve launched by the Region of Sardinia with the main ms of useful energy: electricity, thermal energy (heat) EIB European Investment Bank European from semiconductors such as silicon, electrical cables, or objective of enabling a series of integrated and coor- and cooling energy (cool). Tri-generation can be cre- Union's financial institution for financing investments ai- inverters, devices used to transform direct current into dinated actions for the short, medium and long term, ated using biogas, natural gas or wood-cellulose bio- med at supporting EU political objectives. alternating current that can be used in many common aimed at progressively reducing the balance of CO2 mass as its primary source of energy. everyday appliances) that use the photovoltaic effect. emissions on the island territory and encouraging the Bike and car sharing are services for public sha- The photovoltaic effect, first observed by Alexandre Ed- development of new entrepreneurial initiatives with ring of transport (bicycle or car) that are organised col- mond Becquerel in 1839, is one of the indirect proofs effects on employment. lectively by subscribing to an organised service that pro- of the corpuscular nature of electromagnetic waves. It vides transportation to various parts of the city without consists of the transfer of energy from photons in solar Solar cooling is an air-conditioning (cooling) sy- requiring ownership of the means of transport. People radiation (light) to electrons in a semiconductor material stem using solar energy. It connects solar panels to a save on the purchase, insurance and maintenance of the that move from their original location, thus generating chiller. Solar cooling can produce cooling in the form of vehicle, which is borne by the service organisers. Users an electric current. chilled water or air conditioning, starting from a heat pay by the hour. This is an environmentally friendly and source. ethical transport mode. Solar heat systems are plants for the production of heat energy that, through the use of transparent ma- Thermal solar power or rather, concentrating so- CO2 (also known as carbon dioxide) is considered one terials (such as glass) transfer the energy from sunlight lar thermal power, is a type of electrical system that of the main greenhouse gases present in the Earth's at- to a fluid, such as water, to heat the environment or to uses the thermal component of solar energy as its mosphere. produce domestic hot water. primary source of energy. Using mirror systems, solar power is concentrated in certain devices with a related Co-generation indicates the simultaneous pro- Guidelines of the Covenant of Mayors, system of accumulation of a fluid heated by the sun duction of electricity and heat energy (by heating a car- "How to develop an Action Pan for Sustai- used subsequently to produce electricity. rier fluid see district heating). Co-generation can use bio- nable energy" a document drawn up by the Joint gas, natural gas or wood-cellulose biomass as its primary Research Centre, the Institute for Energy and the Insti- Stakeholders term used to indicate all those who energy source. tute for Environment and Sustainability of the European are affected, actively or passively, by a particular inter- Commission in order to provide detailed recommenda- vention. Biomass heating systems are systems that use tions concerning the entire process of drafting the SEAP. biomass (pellets or wood chips) for direct combustion SWOT acronym for Strengths, Weaknesses, Oppor- or through the production of a bio-gas at special plants Sustainable Mobility modes of transport that can tunities, and Threats. This is a tool to support strategic produce energy to heat a carrier fluid (e.g. water) that reduce the environmental, social, and economic impact planning through the analysis of all the aspects that heats places. generated by public or private vehicles such as air and noi- may affect the carrying out of an individual interven- se pollution, urban decay, land consumption and traffic. tion or an entire plan.

38 39 Useful contacts

Regione Autonoma della Sardegna Websites Direzione Generale della Presidenza www.europa.eu Servizio per il coordinamento delle politiche in materia Official website of the European Union

di riduzione di CO2 - Green economy Viale Trento n. 69 - 09123 (Ca) www.ec.europa.eu Tel. +39 070.6062271 Official website of the European Commission Email: [email protected] Website: www.regione.sardegna.it www.pattodeisindaci.eu/index_it.html Official website of the Covenant of Mayors Sardegna Ricerche Parco Tecnologico della Sardegna www.regione.sardegna.it Località Piscinamanna Institutional website of the Autonomous Region of Sardinia Edificio 2 - 09010 Pula (Ca) Tel. +39 070.92431 www.regione.sardegna.it/sardegnaCO20 Email: [email protected] Special site of the Autonomous Region of Sardinia de- Website: www.sardegnaricerche.it dicated to integrated and coordinated actions aimed at

progressively reducing the balance of CO2 emissions. SFIRS SpA via S. Margherita, 4 - 09124 Cagliari www.sardegnaprogrammazione.it Tel. +39 070.679791 Thematic site of the Autonomous Region of Sardinia de- Email: [email protected] dicated to issues of regional community programming. Website: www.sfirs.it

BIC SpA Via Cesare Battisti 14 - 09123 Cagliari Tel. +39 070.3481800 Photography: Dessì&Monari, Supporti Visivi Dessì&Monari, Photography: Email: [email protected] Website: www.bicsardegna.it

40 41 Participants in the project: • DIRECTORATE-GENERAL PRESIDENCY OF THE REGION OF SARDINIA - GREEN ECONOMY Rosaria Patrizia Lombardo, Marco Onnis, Patrizia Casula, Greca Desogus, Giovanni Deligia, Giuseppe Lenigno, Francesca Sechi, Lucia Viccaro

• SCIENTIFIC CONSULTANTS Alfonso Damiano, Aldo Iacomelli

• SARDEGNA RICERCHE Luca Contini, Mauro Frau, Petra Perreca, Michela Sergi, Federica Artizzu Tutors: Marco Camerada, Vania Erby, Silvia Murgia, Sebastiano Curreli, Gianluca , Raffaello Possidente, Antonello Serreli, Mario Castangia, Stefania Casula, Claudia Giattino, Alessandra Antonini, Valeria Atzori, Stefano Sotgiu, Giuliana Caruso, Francesco Sanna, Valentina Mereu, Emanuela Manca, Domenico Vargiu, Stefano Renoldi, Fabiana Farro

• SFIRS Daniela Ugo, Ivan Etzo, Davide Cao, Antonello Caredda, Giacomo Marchiori, Anna Maria Cadau, Daniele Meloni

• BIC SARDEGNA Paolo Cherchi, Michele Ledda, Simon Davide Luigi Piccioni, Ilario Mandich, Gianluca Rossetti, Massimo Lai

Many thanks to: • Regional Programming Centre - Management Authority for 2007- 2013 ROP ERDF • Sardinia Forest Institute

42 EUROPEAN UNION

Project co-funded by the European Union under ERDF – European Regional Development Fund

“A” LABELED MUNICIPALITIES

Project promoted by the Presidency of the Region of Sardinia

The Region of Sardinia supports local municipalities on a path towards environmental sustainability, energy efficiency and renewable energies

Project promoted by the Presidency of the Region of Sardinia

EUROPEAN UNION

Project co-funded by the European Union under ERDF – European Regional Development Fund