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Supporting Information Supporting Information Walker et al. 10.1073/pnas.1002598107 Table S1. Database for 128 lowland societies including language family, postmarital residence, paternity beliefs, and data sources Society/language ISO code Language family Postmarital residence Paternity belief Sources Amuesha ame Arawak Uxorilocal Singular 1 Cabiyari cbb Arawak Virilocal 2 Campa cni Arawak Virilocal Singular 3, 4 Curripaco bwi/kpc Arawak Virilocal Weak 4–6 Wayuu guc Arawak Uxorilocal 7, 8 Locono arw Arawak Uxorilocal 4 Machiguenga mcb Arawak Uxorilocal Singular 4, 9 Mehinaku mmh Arawak Ambi-/neolocal Universal 10, 11 Mojo trn Arawak Virilocal 4 Palikur plu Arawak Virilocal Singular 4, 12, ISA website Anu pbg Arawak Ambi-/neolocal 4, 13–15 Paressi pab Arawak Uxorilocal 3, 4 Piro pib Arawak Uxorilocal 16 Taino tnq Arawak Virilocal 4 Terena ter Arawak Ambi-/neolocal 4, 17, ISA website Wapishana wap Arawak Virilocal 4, 18, 19 Yawalapiti yaw Arawak Virilocal 20 Yukuna ycn Arawak Virilocal 4, 21 Apalai apy Carib Uxorilocal 22, ISA website Arara aap Carib Uxorilocal Partible ISA website Bacairi bkq Carib Virilocal 4, 23 Carinya car Carib Ambi-/neolocal 4 Kalapalo kui Carib Ambi-/neolocal Singular 24, 25 Karihona cbd Carib Uxorilocal 26 Kuikuro kui Carib Ambi-/neolocal Weak 27 Macusi mbc Carib Uxorilocal 4, 18, 28 Panare pbh Carib Uxorilocal 4, 29, 30 Taulipang aoc Carib Uxorilocal 4, 31, ISA website Trio tri Carib Uxorilocal Singular 32, 33 Txicao txi Carib Uxorilocal 34 Waica ake Carib Ambi-/neolocal Weak 4, 35 Waimiri-Atroari atr Carib Uxorilocal Partible 36 Waiwai waw Carib Uxorilocal Weak 4, 37–39 Wayana way Carib Uxorilocal Partible 40, ISA website Yabarana yar Carib Uxorilocal 4 Yekwana mch Carib Uxorilocal Weak 4, 13–15, 41, 42 Yukpa yup Carib Uxorilocal Weak 4, 43, 44 Apinaye apn Je Uxorilocal Partible 4, 45 Bororo bor Je Uxorilocal Partible 4, 46 Canela ram Je Uxorilocal Universal 47 Caraja kpj Je Uxorilocal 4, 48, 49 Chiquitano cax Je Uxorilocal 3 GaviaoParkateje gvp Je Uxorilocal ISA website Guato gta Je Ambi-/neolocal 4, ISA website Kayapo txu Je Uxorilocal Partible 4, 50–52 Kraho xra Je Uxorilocal Partible 53–55 Krikati xri Je Uxorilocal Partible 56 Rikbaktsa rkb Je Uxorilocal Partible 57, ISA website Suya suy Je Uxorilocal Partible 58, ISA website Xavante xav Je Uxorilocal Partible 4, 59 Xerente xer Je Uxorilocal 3, 4, 59, ISA website Xocleng xok/zkp Je Uxorilocal Partible 4, ISA website Amahuaca amc Pano Virilocal 4, 60, 61 Cashibo cbr Pano Uxorilocal 3 Cashinahua cbs Pano Uxorilocal Partible 62 Chacobo cao Pano Uxorilocal Singular 4, 63 Conibo shp Pano Uxorilocal Partible 4, 64, 65 Walker et al. www.pnas.org/cgi/content/short/1002598107 1of4 Table S1. Cont. Society/language ISO code Language family Postmarital residence Paternity belief Sources Marubo mzr Pano Ambi-/neolocal Partible 54, 55 Matis mpq Pano Virilocal Universal 66 Matses mcf Pano Virilocal 67 Sharanahua mcd Pano Uxorilocal Partible 4, 68 Yaminahua yaa Pano Ambi-/neolocal Partible 69 Bara bao Tukano Virilocal Singular 70 Cubeo cub Tukano Virilocal 2, 4, 71 Desano des Tukano Virilocal 72, 73 Macuna myy Tukano Virilocal Singular 74 Tatuyo tav Tukano Virilocal Singular 75 Barasana bsn Tukano Virilocal Singular 76, 77 Wanano gvc Tukano Virilocal Partible 78, 79 Siona-Secoya snn Tukano Virilocal Singular 80, 81 Ache guq Tupi Ambi-/neolocal Partible 82 Arawete awt Tupi Uxorilocal Universal 83, 84 Asurini do Xingu asn Tupi Uxorilocal Partible 3, ISA website Aweti awe Tupi Ambi-/neolocal Partible 4, ISA website Camayura kay Tupi Virilocal 4, 85 Guarani kgk Tupi Virilocal Singular 4 Cinta Larga cin Tupi Virilocal Partible 85, 86, ISA website Guaja gvj Tupi Ambi-/neolocal Universal 4, 87 Kaapor urb Tupi Uxorilocal Partible 88, ISA website Kaiabi kyz Tupi Uxorilocal 89, ISA website Kawahiv pah Tupi Partible 90, ISA website Zo’e pto Tupi Uxorilocal Partible amazoe.org.br/textoreferencia/ ensaio_livro_tupi.pdf Maue mav Tupi Virilocal 4 Mundurucu myu Tupi Uxorilocal Partible 4, 91, 92 Siriono srq Tupi Uxorilocal 4, 93–95 Surui sru Tupi Virilocal 96, ISA website Tapirape taf Tupi Uxorilocal Partible 3, 4, 97 Tenetehara gub Tupi Uxorilocal Singular 4 Tupari tpr Tupi Uxorilocal Partible 13–15 Tupinamba tpn Tupi Uxorilocal 4, 84 Wayampi oym Tupi Ambi-/neolocal 98 Yuqui yuq Tupi Ambi-/neolocal Partible 99 Cocama cod Tupi Virilocal 3, 4, ISA website Trumai tpy unclassified Virilocal 4, 100 Waorani auc unclassified Uxorilocal Partible 101, 102 Warao wba unclassified Uxorilocal Singular 4, 103, 104 Yaruro yae unclassified Uxorilocal Singular 4, 105 Mura-Piraha myp Mura Ambi-/neolocal Singular Wari pav Chapacura Ambi-/neolocal Partible 106 Witoto hto Witoto Virilocal 3, 4, 61 Bora boa Witoto Virilocal 67 Shiriana shb Yanomam Uxorilocal Partible 4, 107 Yanomamo guu Yanomam Virilocal 4, 108, 109 Yanomam wca Yanomam Ambi-/neolocal Partible 42 Sanuma xsu Yanomam Uxorilocal Partible 4, 110, 111 Ayoreo ayo Zamuco Virilocal 94, 95 Chamacoco ceg Zamuco Uxorilocal 4, 112 Zuruaha swx Arawa Partible ISA website Jamamadi jaa Arawa Uxorilocal Partible ISA website Kulina cul Arawa Uxorilocal Universal 113, 114 Paumari pad Arawa Ambi-/neolocal Partible ISA website Iranxe irn unclassified Uxorilocal Partible ISA website Chayahuita cbt Cahuapana Virilocal 4 Tunebo tuf Chibcha Virilocal 4 Bari mot Chibcha Uxorilocal Partible 115, 116 Guahibo guh Guahibo Uxorilocal 4, 117 Hiwi cui Guahibo Ambi-/neolocal Singular 4, 118 Jivaro jiv Jivaro Ambi-/neolocal 4, 119 Walker et al. www.pnas.org/cgi/content/short/1002598107 2of4 Table S1. Cont. Society/language ISO code Language family Postmarital residence Paternity belief Sources Katukina kav Katukina Ambi-/neolocal Singular ISA website Kanamari knm Katukina Uxorilocal Partible ISA website Maku yab Maku Virilocal 120 Tsimane cas Mosetene Uxorilocal Singular 121 Nambiquara nab Nambiquara Ambi-/neolocal 4, 122, 123 Piaroa pid Saliva Ambi-/neolocal Singular 4, 124–126 Ese Eja ese Tacana Uxorilocal Partible 20 Caduveo kbc Mataco Uxorilocal 127 Toba tob Mataco Ambi-/Neolocal Singular 4, 128 Wichi mzh Mataco Uxorilocal Singular 4 1. Wise M (1991) Amuesha. Encyclopedia of World Cultures: South America, ed Wilbert J (G. K. Hall, Boston), pp 37–40. 2. Correa F (1991) Cubeo. Encyclopedia of World Cultures: South America, ed Wilbert J (G. K. Hall, Boston), pp 139–142. 3. Flowers N (1991) Campa. Encyclopedia of World Cultures: South America, ed Wilbert J (G. K. Hall, Boston), pp 90–92. 4. Gray J (1999) A corrected ethnographic atlas. World Cultures J 10:24–85. 5. Valentine P (2002) Fathers that never exist: Exclusion of the role of shared father among the Curripaco of the Northwest Amazon. Cultures of Multiple Fathers: Theory and Practice of Partible Paternity in Lowland South America, eds Beckerman S, Valentine P (University Press of Florida, Gainsville, FL), pp 178–191. 6. Wright R (1991) Baniwa-Curripaco-Wakuenai. Encyclopedia of World Cultures: South America, ed Wilbert J (G. K. Hall, Boston), pp 76–80. 7. Perrin M (1987) The Way of the Dead Indians: Guajiro Myths and Symbols (University of Texas Press, Austin, TX). 8. Perrin M (1991) Guajiro. Encyclopedia of World Cultures: South America, ed Wilbert J (G. K. Hall, Boston), pp 167–170. 9. Johnson A (2003) Families of the Forest: The Matsigenka Indians of the Peruvian Amazon (University of California Press, Berkeley, CA). 10. Gregor T (1977) Mehinaku: The Drama of Daily Life in a Brazilian Indian Village (University of Chicago Press, Chicago). 11. Gregor T (1985) Anxious Pleasures: The Sexual Lives of an Amazonian People (University of Chicago Press, Chicago). 12. Arnaud E (1991) Palikur. Encyclopedia of World Cultures: South America, ed Wilbert J (G. K. Hall, Boston), pp 260–264. 13. Wilbert J (1991) Encyclopedia of World Cultures: South America (G. K. Hall, Boston). 14. Wilbert J (1991) Paraujano. Encyclopedia of World Cultures: South America, ed Wilbert J (G. K. Hall, Boston), pp 267–268. 15. Wilbert J (1991) Tupari. Encyclopedia of World Cultures: South America, ed Wilbert J (G. K. Hall, Boston), pp 339–341. 16. Matteson E (1991) Piro. Encyclopedia of World Cultures: South America, ed Wilbert J (G. K. Hall, Boston), pp 279–281. 17. Carvalho F, Telarolli Junior R (1991) Terena. Encyclopedia of World Cultures: South America, ed Wilbert J (G. K. Hall, Boston), pp 324–327. 18. Farabee W (1918) The Central Arawaks (University Museum, University of Pennsylvania, Anthropological Publications, Philadelphia), Vol IX. 19. Foster N (1991) Wapisiana. Encyclopedia of World Cultures: South America, ed Wilbert J (G. K. Hall, Boston), pp 354–356. 20. Zeleny M (1991) Yawalipiti. Encyclopedia of World Cultures: South America, ed Wilbert J (G. K. Hall, Boston), pp 377–380. 21. Reichel E (1991) Yukuna. Encyclopedia of World Cultures: South America, ed Wilbert J (G. K. Hall, Boston), pp 385–390. 22. van Velthem L (1991) Apalai. Encyclopedia of World Cultures: South America, ed Wilbert J (G. K. Hall, Boston), pp 20–24. 23. Picchi D (1991) Bakairi. Encyclopedia of World Cultures: South America, ed Wilbert J (G. K. Hall, Boston), pp 73–75. 24. Basso E (1970) Xingu Carib kinship terminology and marriage: Another view. Southwest J Anthropol 26:402–416. 25. Basso E (1973) The Kalapalo Indians of Central Brazil (Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Austin, TX). 26. Schindler H (1991) Karihona. Encyclopedia of World Cultures: South America, ed Wilbert J (G. K. Hall, Boston), pp 191–195. 27. Carneiro R (1956) Extra-marital sex freedom among the Kuikuro indians of Mato Grosso. Rev do Museu Paulista 10:135–142. 28. Diniz E (1991) Makushi. Encyclopedia of World Cultures: South America, ed Wilbert J (G. K. Hall, Boston), pp 218–219. 29. Dumont J (1972) Under the Rainbow: Nature and Supernature Among the Panare Indians (University of Texas Press, Austin, TX). 30. Henley P (1991) Panare. Encyclopedia of World Cultures: South America, ed Wilbert J (G.
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