UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Luiz Fernando Carvalho: an Auteur of Brazilian Television a Dissertation Submitted In
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Luiz Fernando Carvalho: An Auteur of Brazilian Television A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Hispanic Languages and Literatures by Eli Lee Carter 2013 © Copyright by Eli Lee Carter 2013 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Luiz Fernando Carvalho: An Auteur of Brazilian Television by Eli Lee Carter Doctor of Philosophy in Hispanic Languages and Literatures University of California, Los Angeles, 2013 Professor Randal Johnson, Chair In this study I combine Pierre Bourdieu’s theoretical model for cultural production with auteur theory in an analysis of the work of acclaimed film and television director Luiz Fernando Carvalho. Perhaps best-known in the U.S. for his brilliant feature Lavoura Arcaica (To the Left of the Father, 2001), based on the novel by Raduan Nassar, most of Carvalho’s activity has been in television, where he has directed adaptations of works by Ariano Suassuna (A Pedra do Reino), Eça de Queiroz (Os Maias), Carlos Alberto Soffredini (Hoje é dia de Maria), and Machado de Assis (Capitu). Carvalho’s work in both film and television has distinguished him as one of the most creative directors working in Brazil and as the first full-fledged Brazilian television auteur. Indeed, Carvalho’s work in television challenges traditional perceptions, moving beyond standardized formulas for mass consumption through an aesthetic that creates an ii amalgam of artistic modes of expression such as film, television, theater, opera, animation, puppetry, painting, dance, literature, and music, while at the same time drawing from what he calls ancestralidade, or a shared creative and hermeneutic cultural heritage. iii The dissertation of Eli Lee Carter is approved. José Luiz Passos Antônio Carlos Quicoli Stephen Andrew Bell Randal Johnson, Committee Chair University of California, Los Angeles 2013 iv À Bisin—APS v Table of Contents I. Introduction ……………………………………………………….................. 1 1. Theoretical Framework ............................................................. 3 2. Socio-historical Contextualization of Brazilian Film ............... 10 3. Socio-historical Contextualization of Brazilian Television ..... 13 4. Film and Television: Luiz Fernando Carvalho’s Artistic Trajectory and (Contradictory) Position as a Television Auteur ............... 17 5. Chapter Breakdown .................................................................. 24 II. The Microseries, Aesthetic Precursors, and Luiz Fernando Carvalho’s Pre- Production Process ....................……………………………………………… 27 1. From the Teleteatro to the Microseries ………………………....... 27 2. The Specials—Aesthetic Precursors to Carvalho’s Microseries … 34 a. Uma Mulher Vestida de Sol ……………………………..... 35 b. Farsa da Boa Preguiça……………………………………. 49 3. Carvalho’s Pre-Production Process, His Team, Pesquisa, Workshops, and Seminars ..................................................................................... 58 a. Pre-Production—Carvalho’s Artistic Control: the Creative Team ..................................................................................... 59 b. Pre-Production for the Microseries ...................................... 64 4. Conclusion ........................................................................................ 77 III. Ancestralidade and Aesthetic Hybridity in Hoje é Dia de Maria …………… 81 1. Ancestralidade and Artaudian Mise-en-Scène …………………… 90 vi a. Artaudian Theater as an Aesthetic Model ………............... 94 2. Hoje é Dia de Maria’s Narrative Space .......................................... 97 3. Ancestralidade and Aesthetic Hybridity ......................................... 101 a. Brazilian Popular Culture and Aesthetic Hybridity ............ 101 b. Brazilian Ancestralidade and an Ethically Reflective Aesthetic Hybridity ............................................................................. 110 c. Mambembe Theater ............................................................. 123 4. Segunda Jornada: an Urban Musical ……...................................... 129 5. Renascimentos: Alternative, Ancestral Aesthetics ......................... 135 IV. The Projeto Quadrante—Ancestralidade and Aesthetic Hybridity in A Pedra do Reino and Capitu ............................………………………………………...... 138 1. The Projeto Quadrante: Educational Aesthetics …...……………. 138 2. Armorial, Ancestralidade, and Aproximações .......................…… 148 3. A Pedra do Reino ………………………………………………… 158 4. Capitu …………………………...................................................... 176 V. Conclusion: Afinal, What does Carvalho Want? .……………………………. 199 1. Afinal, this is Linguagem .......................................................... 199 VI. Works Cited ………………………………………………………………...... 222 vii List of Figures 1.1 Last shot, Uma Mulher Vestida de Sol (1994) ………………………………... 36 1.2 Candido Portinari’s Cangaceiro (1958) ………………………………………. 36 1.3 Statue of the Madonna and Child with Saint Therese of Lisieux, Igreja de Santa Teresinha, Porto Alegre, Brazil ......................................................................... 36 1.4 Cícero, Uma Mulher Vestida de Sol (1994) ………………………………… 37 1.5 Sebastião, Deus e o Diabo na Terra do Sol (1964), Glauber Rocha …………. 37 1.6 Rosa, Uma Mulher Vestida de Sol (1994) ……………………………………. 40 1.7 Francisco, Uma Mulher Vestida de Sol (1994) ……………………………… 41 1.8 Escobar, Capitu (2008) …………………………………………………………41 1.9 André, Afinal, o que Querem as Mulheres? (2010) …………………………… 41 1.10 Musical trio, Uma Mulher Vestida de Sol (1994) …………………………….. 44 1.11 Fence, Uma Mulher Vestida de Sol (1994) ……………………………………. 46 1.12 Candido Portinari, Bumba-meu-bói (1959) …………………………………… 48 1.13 Bumba-meu-bói, Uma Mulher Vestida de Sol (1994) ………………………… 48 1.14 Room, Uma Mulher Vestida de Sol (1994) …………………………………… 49 1.15 Spotlight, Farsa da Boa Preguiça (1995) ……………………………………. 51 1.16 Crane shot, Farsa da Boa Preguiça (1995) ………………………………… 52 1.17 Crane shot, Uma Mulher Vestida de Sol (1994) ……………………………… 52 1.18 Crane shot, Hoje é Dia de Maria (2005) …………………………………… 52 1.19 Dona Clarabela, Farsa da Boa Preguiça (1995) …………………………… 54 1.20 Fedegoso, Farsa da Boa Preguiça (1995) ………………………………… 55 viii 1.21 Makeup from Uma Mulher Vestida de Sol (1994) …………………………. 57 1.22 Makeup, Farsa da Boa Preguiça (1995) …………………………………… 57 1.23 Makeup, Hoje é Dia de Maria (2005) ……………………………………… 57 1.24 Makeup, A Pedra do Reino (2007) ………………………………………… 57 1.25 Makeup, Capitu (2008) ……………………………………………………. 57 2.1 Nossa Senhora da Conceição, Hoje é Dia de Maria (2005) ……………….. 86 2.2 Rosa in last shot, Uma Mulher Vestida de Sol (1994) ……………………… 86 2.3 Candido Portinari, D. Quixote (1956) ………………………………….…… 89 2.4 Dom Chico Chicote, Hoje é Dia de Maria (2005) ……………………….… 89 2.5 Dome, Hoje é Dia de Maria (2005) …………………………………..……. 98 2.6 Landscape, Hoje é Dia de Maria (2005) …………………………………… 104 2.7 Candido Portinari’s Paisagem de Petrópolis (1952) …………………….… 104 2.8 Maria swinging, Hoje é Dia de Maria (2005) ……………………………… 105 2.9 Candido Portinari’s Brodowski (1942) ……………………………………… 105 2.10 Pássaro Incomum, Hoje é Dia de Maria (2005) ……………………..……… 107 2.11 Maria in braids, Hoje é Dia de Maria (2005) ……………………………… 109 2.12 Candido Portinari’s Menina de Tranças (1955) …………………………… 109 2.13 Retirantes, Hoje é Dia de Maria (2005) …………………………………… 114 2.14 Candido Portinari’s Retirantes (1944) …………………………….……… 114 2.15 Retirantes, Uma Mulher Vestida de Sol (1994) …………………………… 114 2.16 Cowboy, Hoje é Dia de Maria (2005) ……………………………..……… 117 2.17 Candido Portinari’s Cangaceiro (1958) …………………………………… 117 ix 2.18 Dois Executivos, Hoje é Dia de Maria (2005) …………………………… 118 2.19 Tweedle Dee and Tweedle Dum ………………………….……………..... 118 2.20 Cangaceiros, Hoje é Dia de Maria (2005) ……………………………… 120 2.21 Bumba-meu-boi, Uma Mulher Vestida de Sol (1994) ……………………… 121 2.22 Horse, Hoje é Dia de Maria (2005) …………………………..……………. 121 2.23 Horse, A Pedra do Reino (2007) …………………………………………… 122 2.24 Horse, Capitu (2008) ………………………………………......................... 122 2.25 Mambembe stage, Hoje é Dia de Maria (2005) …………………………… 125 2.26 Quirino on Mambembe stage, Hoje é Dia de Maria (2005) ……………… 125 2.27 Quirino looking in a mirror, Hoje é Dia de Maria (2005) ………………… 126 2.28 Quirino reciting a poem from Mambembe stage, Hoje é Dia de Maria (2005)…………………………………………………………………… 127 2.29 Maria in the forest, Hoje é Dia de Maria (2005) ………………………… 128 2.30 Amado captured in bird cage, Hoje é Dia de Maria (2005) ……………… 128 2.31 Maria looking at the waves, Hoje é Dia de Maria (2005) ………………… 130 2.32 Waves choir, Hoje é Dia de Maria (2005) ………………………………… 131 2.33 City, Hoje é Dia de Maria (2005) ………………………………………… 132 2.34 Salesman dancing, Hoje é Dia de Maria (2005) ……………………..……… 133 2.35 Urban choir, Hoje é Dia de Maria (2005) ………………………..………… 133 2.36 Landscape, Hoje é Dia de Maria (2005) …………………………………… 134 2.37 Quaderna, A Pedra do Reino (2007) ………………………………………… 134 2.38 Urban setting, Hoje é Dia de Maria: Segunda Jornada (2005) …………….. 135 x 2.39 Formal dance, Capitu (2008) …………………………………………........... 135 3.1 Candido Portinari’s Cangaceiro (1958) ……………………………..……… 165 3.2 Corisco, Deus e o Diabo na Terra do Sol (1964), Glauber Rocha ………..… 165 3.3 Cucurucu (1622), Jaques Callot …………………………………………….. 165 3.4 Quaderna Clown/Cangaceiro, A Pedra do Reino (2007) ………….………… 165 3.5 Establishing shot of Execrável, A Pedra do Reino (2007) …………………… 167 3.6 Delirium during Execrável’s preaching, A Pedra do Reino (2007) …………… 167 3.7 Sebastião, Deus e o Diabo na Terra