sign in sign up
<<
Home , Palace of Whitehall

JP•EDITIONS newsletter 23 September 2001

Bodiam Castle

The Castle Gets a New Front Door ...... pages 4-7 The Lost Palace of ...... page 6 Edward I, The Great Medieval King ...... page 10 Hoof & Mouth Report ...... pages 16-17 Take Two Leeches & Call Me In the Morning ...... page 14 Britain in the Movies ...... pages 18-19 Hi! ... and welcome to the 23rd issue of the JP What Do You Do With A Dead Horse ? Ship Newsletter. We have a lot of fun producing the newsletter The tribal wisdom of the Dakota Indians, passed on from generation to genera- and we hope you find it informative and entertaining. For tion, says that when you discover that you are riding a dead horse, the best Ahoy! those of you who are new to JP, we would like to introduce strategy is to dismount. In modern education and government, however, a We recently found a ourselves as it may help you make more sense of the next whole range of far more advanced strategies are often employed, such as ..... shipmaker who does eighteen pages. absolutely fabulous My name is Paul Runze and, along with my son, Dan, 1. Buying a stronger whip and/or training to increase the work. The detail own and operate Collectors Gallery in beautiful Woodbury, 2. Changing Riders. dead horse’s performance. work is to ship mod- Minnesota. We specialize in fine gifts and collectibles 3. Threatening horse with termination. 11. Doing a productivity study to see els what JP is to such as Lladro, Swarovski, Waterford, Kinkade, Lenox, and 4. Appointing a committee to study if lighter riders would improve the architectural minia- many others and will celebrate twenty years in business in the horse. dead horse’s performance. tures. Included in the line are some November this year. We have been JP•EDITIONS dealers 5. Arranging to visit other countries to 12. Declaring that as the dead horse very famous British since 1993. see how others ride dead horses. does not have to be fed, it is less In 1999 the opportunity to own JP presented itself vessels including the 6. Lowering the standards so that costly, carries lower overhead, and Dan and I said ... “what the heck”. We’re a couple of Victory, Cuttysark, anglophiles, always looking for a good excuse to go explor- dead horses can be included. and therefore contributes sub- and a few others. ing ..... and JP has surely afforded us the chance to do just that. We visit the UK every chance we get 7. Re-classifying the dead horse as stantially more to the bottom line They range in length and never seem to get enough of Britain’s wild and exciting history. The scenery and hospitality aren’t living, impaired of the economy than do some from about 30” to bad either. Just call if you want to be a “bearer” on our next “castle inspection tour”. 8. Hiring outside contractors to ride other horses. over six feet. All are beautifully hand the dead horse. 13. Re-writing the expected perform- made with hand-tied The Basis for Bases 9. Harnessing several dead horses ance requirements for all horses. rigging. Every Wonder ... together to increase the speed. 14. Promoting the dead horse to a JP’s model of the White Tower at the For more informa- 10. Providing additional funding supervisory position. Tower of was the first to be offered tion, call Paul at with a custom solid walnut base. It com- What do people in China call their 8000-878-7868 plimented the piece so well that we decid- good plates? H.M.S. Victory ed to offer custom bases (optional) with all new issues. For photography purposes, we Why is it called tourist season if we also had custom bases made up for a few of can’t shoot at them? JP’s earlier models and all I can say is ... “I don’t know why we didn’t do it a long time Why are there Interstate Highways in ago. They look fantastic and give JPs the Hawaii? classy presentation they deserve”. We have now designed bases for all JP You know that indestructible black issues ... all the way back to the Gates of box that is used on airplanes? Why Warwick ... and we are now taking orders. don’t they make the whole plane out All bases are priced the same ... $25.00 of that stuff? each, including engraved brass I.D. plaque. Three or more bases will be shipped post- If con is the opposite of pro, is paid and a 10% discount will be given on Congress the opposite of progress? order of five or more bases. If you’re a “big spender from the east” and would like a full set of JP bases (forty-four in all, not including the White Tower and Bodiam), Page 2 On the Cover ..... Eighteenth century we’ll give a discount of 20%. See the engraving of Pompey, “The Old Lion who BASEP RODUCEDORDER UNDER FORM LICENSE FROM enclosed.HISTORIC ROYAL PALACES ENTERPRISESdied, inLTD ,the AN AGENCYTower OFon THE NovemberBRITISH GOVERNMENT 10, 1758. THE LION TOWER ..... CIRCA 1547 A LIMITED EDITION OF 250 9.5” X 8.75” X 4.5”

$475.00 INCL BASE 3rd in JP’s Series (FRONT VIEW)

The Lion Tower formed a vital part of completion in the 13th century, when the the Tower of London’s western entrance put medieval castle was at its strongest and most up by Edward I as part of the massive pro- impressive. gramme of refortification carried out between 1275 and 1285. Highly significant The Tower of London 1066-1272 as a pioneering piece of military architec- The castle which became the Tower of ture, by the 1330s it had taken on an addi- London was founded during the first tional function (which was later to give its months of the Conquest by William I (‘The name) as the home of the Tower’s Conqueror’: 1066-87), on whose orders its Menagerie, a collection of wild beasts. great stone keep, the White Tower, was also Although structurally much altered, the begun. Although reinforced by William II Lion Tower and its immediate surroundings (‘Rufus’: 1097-1100), the castle seems not continued to house the Menagerie and its to have been enlarged until the reign of Keepers until the dispersal of the collection Richard I (the Lionheart: 1189-99), for and its demolition in the 19th century. JP’s whom the defenses were extended westward PRODUCED UNDER LICENSE FROM HISTORIC ROYAL PALACES ENTERPRISES, LTD, AN AGENCY OF THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT new Lion Tower represents the Tower on its with the creation of a new moat and ram- part. Although built in anticipation of doing so he made the Tower of London one attack by the king’s treacherous brother, of the strongest castles in the land, incorpo- THE LION TOWER ..... CIRCA 1547 Prince John (later King 1199-1216), when rating two new advances in military architec- A LIMITED EDITION OF 250 it came, in 1191, either they or the garrison ture - a double or concentric system of ram- 9.5” X 8.75” X 4.5” proved inadequate and the castle fell. No parts and the sophisticated defenses of the $475.00 INCLUDING BASE doubt encouraged by these events, King western entrance.

(REAR VIEW) John’s son Henry III (1216-72) initiated the The Lion Tower, reached from Tower next major expansion of the castle with the Hill via a causeway across the moat which creation of the existing inner curtain wall, surrounded it, formed the first major fea- reinforced by massive D-shaped towers and ture of the route into the castle and the defended a wide water-filled moat. first serious obstacle to an attacker. It took the form not of a true tower, but of a vast The Building of the Lion Tower semi-circular enclosure, surrounded by a battlemented curtain wall. This arrange- Already a seasoned warrior by the time of ment provided the widest possible field of his accession, Edward I was well aware of the fire over Tower Hill and to the west, and political, strategic and symbolic importance would give archers an opportunity to scat- of the Tower of London. The new king lost ter all but the most determined assault at little time in completing his father Henry’s the first attempt. Built largely of Caen work and embarking on a vast programme of stone from Normandy (France), it is the expansion and reinforcement. Between 1275 earliest known masonry example of this and 1285 the earlier moat was filled in and a type of building in England. new bailey and rampart created around all Beyond the enclosure, linked to it by a Page 4 four sides of the castle - on the southern side drawbridge, was the twin-towered Middle by building out into the . In Tower gatehouse (the Middle Tower), Page 5 Right - Engraving of Nero, a lion from Senegal at the Tower, after a drawing by Edwin Landseer, Royal Armouries 2 WHITE TOWER (JP 2000) eigns. In 1235 the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick III presented three leopards, no doubt a play on Henry’s Coat of Arms - three 4 leopards passant on a red ground. Sixteen years later a QUEEN’S HOUSE ‘white bear’ - presumably a polar BELL TOWER bear - was sent along with its (JP FUTURE ISSUE) keeper by the King of Norway: in 1255 the King received from Louis IX of France the most MEDIEVAL exotic beast of all, an African ele- 1 PALACE phant, for which a special house (JP 1998) was swiftly improvised. The Menagerie continued to flourish, amusing a succession of sover- LION TOWER & 3 eigns and, in later centuries, MIDDLE TOWER The Tower of London becoming an increasingly popular attrac- (JP 2001) Circa 1547 tion for ordinary visitors, until the transfer- The Lion Tower project, like the White Tower, required many trips to the Tower The Tower of London complex as it stood in 1547, at the end of the reign of King Henry VIII. ral of many animals to the newly-formed and is a collaboration of efforts on the Highlighted are aspects of The Tower which have been or are scheduled to be modeled bu JP. London Zoo in 1831. The menagerie was part of JP and Historic Royal Palaces. We finally closed in 1835. want to especially thank Dr. Edward behind which is a long causeway across the tle later, the building which is now the West Edward Impey 11/7/01 main moat to the Byward Tower gatehouse Gate Shop was put up on part of its site. Impey, HRP Curatorial Director, for his help, without which this project would not and the castle proper. Over the following Today, however, part of the medieval For further reading about the Lion Tower and the Menagerie we suggest “The Royal Menagerie at the have been possible centuries, largely due to its curious use, the stonework has been re-exposed and its out- Tower of London” by Geoffrey Parnell medieval Lion Tower gradually disappeared line marked out in the paving. under an accretion of later buildings and its Bodiam Castle today moat was gradually filled in. In 1853 the The Menagerie buildings were finally demolished and, a lit- The keeping of a menagerie at the Tower of London began at least as early as the reign of King John, as a payment to the Constable of the Tower for the support of the keeper and the his charges is recorded in 1210. The first identifi- able animals, however, arrived under Henry III as diplomatic gifts, in the fashion of the time, Interior of the Lion Tower showing animal cages in 1779 from foreign sover- Artist’s impression of the Lion Tower, Middle Tower and Byward Tower in the Middle Ages Page 7 Yanks Rediscover “Lost Palace” way monarchs lived and ruled during a crucial period in English history. But the story has to be largest royal palace in Europe: it covered twenty- pieced together from a wide spectrum of Our relationship with the HRP* (Historic ISTORY OF three acres compared with Versailles’ seven and a sources. From the financial accounts of the Royal Palaces Enterprises, Inc) over the past year H half, the Escorial’s eight and a half, and Hampton Office of Works responsible for alterations and has been very interesting and rewarding. It has THE “LOST PALACE” Court’s modest six. additions to the site, from plans and artists’ afforded us several extensive visits to the Tower Although the destruction of the palace in the views and from travellers’ eyewitness accounts and Hampton Court and the folks we deal with The site upon which the Banqueting House fire of 1698 may not have been mourned abroad, comes much important material. have really given us the “red carpet treatment”. now stands was originally the property of the it had an immediate and far reaching impact in Simon Thurley - Issue: Jan, 1998 times we visit these fascinating places, Archbishops of York and the location of their England. Whitehall had been a very public setting the more their history comes to life ... it’s a feel- London residence, York Place. After Henry VIII for monarchical power, patronage and politics After the devastating fire of 1698 destroyed ing that’s hard to describe. acquired the property from Cardinal Wolsey he since 1530. Inside its great halls wooed much of Whitehall Palace, the Banqueting House Early this spring, Dan and I were invited to set about improving and extending it until it had would-be suitors, and was converted into a attend an annual “Gala” hosted by the HRP ... a become the largest royal palace in Europe. In the outside them half a to replace sort of “thank you party” for people who work in late Tudor and early Stuart period, a number of century later Charles I the burnt Tudor chapel. one way or another with the HRP and the five banqueting houses were built on the site of the was executed on a It remained in use as a properties they manage and operate**. The venue present building for court and scaffold. In 1660 it chapel up until 1890 was none other than Whitehall Palace, sometimes special occasions, including the marriage negoti- was to Whitehall that and in 1893 Queen referred to as one of London’s best kept secrets. ations of Queen Elizabeth I Charles II returned in Victoria granted the It was a “black tie” event with about five The Banqueting House is the only remain- triumph and from building to the Royal hundred people in attendance and the evening ing complete building of Whitehall Palace, which, in 1688, James United Services was exciting from begin- which became the sovereign’s II fled in disgrace Institute for use as a ning to end. It started principal residence from before escaping to museum. Today the with a cocktail party 1530 until 1698 when it was France. It was here Banqueting House is where we were intro- destroyed by fire. Designed that William and used as a venue for a duced to many fascinat- by for James I Mary accepted the wide variety of royal ing people. Then came (1603-25) and completed in throne, and where, six and society occasions. an elegant dinner and a 1622, the Banqueting House years later, Mary’s life- Today the Banqueting full evening of enter- was originally built for occa- less body lay in state. House is a popular visi- tainment. The most sions of state, plays and For this reason tor attraction and one memorable moment, masques. The magnificent the destruction of of the finest banqueting however, came when ceiling paintings by Sir Peter Whitehall was both a venues in London, play- our hostess, HRP Paul Rubens were commis- practical and a sym- ing host to many royal Director Annabelle sioned by James I’s son, bolic disaster. and society occasions. Boyes, informed us that Charles I (1625-49) to cele- engraving showing Whitehall Palace (with- William III, who vis- in dotted area). Note Parliment buildings at bottom left. my dinner seat was just brate his father’s life and wise ited the site the day *The HRP holds a couple of feet from the government. after the fire; vowed that `if God gave him leave the copyright to JP’s model of the Tower of very spot where Charles In January of 1698, he would rebuild it much finer than before’. Sir London and the piece is produced under license I parted company with news from London reached was commissioned to design from the HRP. his head on January 30, 1649 in front of a crowd Versailles that the royal palace of Whitehall had a new palace which would have exceeded the old **The Tower of London, Kensington of thousands of onlookers (the only member of burnt down. Soon after, the Duc de Saint-Simon one in size and magnificence, but it was never Palace, Hampton court, and Britain’s royal house to be executed). Right noted in his memoirs `a fire destroyed built. Instead, from 1697 until the George IV Whitehall Palace. behind my seat was a large window outside of Whitehall, the largest and ugliest palace in created in the 1820s, the which a temporary balcony was constructed just Europe’. English monarch was without a principal resi- for the occasion. As legend has it, Charles pre- Saint-Simon’s scathing description of the prin- dence of any scale or grandeur. The latest survey shows that 3 out of 4 pared for the event with the minting of coins cipal seat of English kings was not unusual: a The almost complete destruction of people make up 75% of the population with which he paid the axeman to do a good French visitor in the 1660s had described it as a Whitehall has also left an important gap in the clean job. After Annabelle casually told us this `heap of houses’ and those who could bring them- historical record. Not only home to kings and The things that come to those who wait story, I couldn’t help but being somewhat dis- selves to praise it did so not for its beauty but for queens, the palace was also the seat of govern- may be the things left by those who got tracted the rest of the evening. its size. In 1617 Horatio Busino noted in his diary ment and its architectural form reflected this as there first A great evening and an experience Dan and `The palace is not remarkable in itself except for its much as the domestic comforts of its owners. I will never forget! size, as in case of need it could accommodate more Changes in its plan can tell us much about the I started out with nothing, and still have than 600 persons’. Whitehall was indeed the most of it Page 8 Page 9 Edward I ..... THE GREAT MEDIEVAL KING

(Note: Edward I was one of the most prolific by king John in 1215, established a prece- sect). While on Crusade Henry III castles builders in English history. The western dent of shared power between the king and died and Edward succeeded to the entrance to the Tower of London, part of which ruling class in English society. These agree- crown without opposition when he is called the Lion Tower, is modeled by JP ments could only be viewed as “embryonic returned in England in August 1274. Editions, as it existed in 1547 during the reign democracy”. The concept of “ordinary peo- Edward’s foreign policies lead to of Henry VIII. It was first constructed around ple and women voting” was not even a glim- the invasion and subjugation of Wales 1281 during Edward’s reign.) mer in the most radical reformer’s eye. and to long-term involvement and Henry vacated the Provisions in 1261, military actions in Scotland. Over a Edward “Longshanks” Plantagenet precipitating a civil war with a faction led by period of five years, Edward fought (1239-1307) in his own right one of Simon de Monfort, his brother-in-law. In Llywelyn ap Guffydd in Wales until England’s most effective rulers, was the Battle of Lewes, in 1264, Edward Llywelyn’s untimely death is a skir- the first of England’s “Three was captured and held hostage to mish. Upon Llywelyn’s death, Edwards” that many histori- assure that Henry complied Edward was able to obtain effective ans believe was a golden with the terms of peace. control of Wales and launched a castle century for England. De Monfort then sum- opposite page: Portrait of Edward I by William Henry Worthington building era not repeated in English (born 1790), above: Edward on throne with Alexander, King of Edward was born in moned the Great history. In 1301, to cement and rec- Scotland on left and Llywelyn, King of Wales on right ... from on June Parliament of 1265. Wriothesley Manuscript circa 1520 from copyright royal collection ognize the relationship between Wales bottom: Silver Penny of Henry III, father of Edward I 17, 1239, the oldest This was the first and England, the king’s first-born son of Henry III. Parliament to include son, Edward (to be Edward II), was granted die immediately after William Wallace was Henry III’s long reign representatives from the title of Prince of Wales, a tradition still hanged, drawn and quartered—Edward’s allowed Edward to English cities. In the recognized in the current Prince Charles. death occurred over 3 years later as he was learn from his father’s end this grand experi- Edward’s forays into Scotland were more mounting a campaign to again invade mistakes. There is no ment in consensus complicated. Edward’s primary scheme in Scotland.) way to view Edward’s decision-making was a Scotland was to marry his son Edward to Edward’s problems in Scotland were not reign without some “grand” failure. Margaret, Maid of Norway, heir to the over after the death of Wallace, as Robert the understanding of his In May 1265, Scottish throne. However, Margaret died in Bruce eventually defeated Edward at father’s failures as king. Edward escaped from cap- 1290 en route to England leaving a disputed Bannockburn in 1306. All this military Henry III and his wife, tivity and on the following succession in Scotland. Edward action assured Scottish hatred of the Eleanor of Provence, were both August 4, Edward defeated the chose to intervene eventually English for generations and was a patrons of the arts. During Henry’s rebels and killed Simon de Monfort leading to the succession of natural flashpoint for Scottish reign he rebuilt in at the battle of Evesham returning Henry John Baliol. Baliol’s succes- enmity. It also assured that London and a shrine to Edward the III to the throne. Although Henry was to sion to Scotland’ crown whoever was England’s Confessor, Edward I’s namesake. serve as king for about another 9 years, under the protection of enemy was also going to be Henry’s relationships with his barons Edward was the power behind the throne. Edward caused deep resent- Scotland’s friend. Edward were, at best rocky and ended in a civil war. Edward spent considerable time mending ment among the ruling earned the second nickname Henry’s intervention in Sicilian affairs fences with his barons and by 1274, when class of Scotland. Baliol of “Hammer of the Scots” angered his English barons, (probably he acceded to the crown, relationships eventually turned on Edward because of his ruthless behav- because his side did not win), caused bank- with the rebels had been smoothed. forcing Edward to invade and ior in Scotland. ruptcy of the English crown and threatened In 1270, Edward left on a Crusade to the then defeat Scotland in 1296. In terms of structuring the soci- excommunication by the Pope. To preclude Middle East. While his small Crusade army William Wallace (played by Mel Gibson ety of England and determining its civil bankruptcy and excommunication, Henry, proved of minimal help in restoring in the recent movie, “Braveheart”) led a rights, Edward was a model monarch. He signed the Provisions of Oxford in 1258, Christianity to the Holy Lands, Edward was rebellion in 1296. However, the Scots were used his royal powers to re-form a bureaucra- which created the Great Council of 24. The almost murdered in Acre (near Jerusalem) in eventually defeated and Wallace executed in cy that enforced central authority over feudal Provisions added to the Magna Carta, signed June 1272 by an Assassin (a Shi”ite Muslim 1304. (Unlike the movie, Edward I did not rights, moved to a ..... cont’d on page 12 Page 10 Page 11 ..... cont’d from page 11 husband at Berkeley Castle. Miscellaneous Interesting Stuff uniform justice system, codified English Sir Richard Baker, in A Chronicle of common law and installed tax systems. By the Kings of England: describes Edward I Bringing Home the Bacon Alligator spending enormous sums of money to fight as follows: “He had in him the two wis- In Old England any married couple who swore they hadn’t quar- Warning wars he also established the rights of parlia- doms, not often found in any, single; togeth- reled for over a year, or had never wished themselves single again ment to approve selected taxes. er, seldom or never: an ability of judgment ... and could prove this to the satisfaction of a mock jury ... was The Florida State entitled to the famed Dunmow Flitch, a prize consisting of a side Edward died in 1307 as one of in himself, and a readiness to hear the judg- of bacon that was awarded at the Church of Dunmow in Essex Department of Fish and England’s greatest medieval kings. His son, ment of others. He was not easily provoked County. This custom, initiated in the year 1111, lasted until the Wildlife is advising hik- Edward II, was such a poor king (failing the into passion, but once in passion, not easily late eighteenth century. ers, hunters, fishers, primary test of a medieval monarch-losing appeased, as was seen by his dealing with at war, and compounding this failure by the Scots; towards whom he showed at first Curfew ... origin of the word and golfers to take extra precautions and keep probably being gay) that he became the first patience, and at last severity. If he be cen- In medieval times the danger from fire was especially great English monarch in 300 years to renounce sured for his many taxations, he may be jus- because most buildings were made of wood. With a wind blow- alert for alligators while the throne. Edward II’s wife, Isabella, tified by his well bestowing them; for never ing, a single burning house could start a conflagration. Hence in Osceola, Polk, daughter of Philip IV, King of France, prince laid out his money to more honor of the practice developed of covering fires before retiring for the Brevard and Orange played a central role in the murder of her himself, or good of his kingdom.” night. During the reigns of William I and II (1066-1089), a bell was sounded at sunset to give notice that the time had come to Counties. extinguish all fires and candles. This came to be called a “cur- few”, a word borrowed from the French couvre feu, which trans- They advise people to Edward I - Important facts* lates to “cover the fire”. wear noise-producing from “The Story Behind the Word” by Morton S. Freeman devices such as little Born: ...... 17 June 1239 at the English Grave Markers bells on their clothing to Died: ...... 7 July 1307 at Burgh-on-Sands, Cumberland alert but not startle the Beneath this grassy mound now rests one Edgar Oscar Earl, who Buried: . . . .Westminster Abbey, to another hunter look exactly like a squirrel alligators unexpectedly. Parents: . . . .Henry III and Eleanor of Provence Beneath this silent stone is laid a noisy antiquated maid, who from They also advise the car- Siblings: . . .Margaret, Beatrice, Edmund, Richard, John, Katherine, William & Henry her cradle talked to death and ne’er before was out of breath rying of pepper spray in Crowned: . . .19 August 1274 at Westminster Abbey, Middlesex Here lies the bones of Joseph Jones who ate whilst he was able, case of an encounter st But once o’er fed he dropt down dead and fell beneath the table. with an alligator. It is Married: . . .(1 ) October 1254 at Las Huelgas, Castile When from the tomb to meet his doom he rises admist sinners, ...... (2nd) 10 September 1299 at Canterbury Cathedral Since he must dwell in Heav’n or Hell - take him which gives also a good idea to best dinners. watch for fresh signs of Spouse: . . . .(1st) Eleanor daughter of Ferdinand III, King of of Castile & Leon alligator activity...... (2nd) Margaret daughter of Philip III, King of France Blackmail ... origin of the word Offspring: . .(1st) Eleanor, Joan, John, Henry, Julian (alias Katherine), Joan, Black is used in the figurative sense of “evil” or “wicked”. Mail is People should recognize ...... Alfonso, Margaret, Berengaria, Mary, Alice, Elizabeth, Edward, a word used by the Scots meaning ‘rent’ or ‘tribute’. The term the difference between ‘blackmail’ originated in Scotland, where Highland chiefs at one small young alligator ...... Beatrice & Blanche time extorted tribute from Lowlanders and Englishmen on the ...... (2nd) Thomas, Edmund & Eleanor; (Illegitimate) supposedly one Scottish border in return for protection from being plundered. and large adult alligator from “Word Mysteries & Histories”, American Heritage Dictionaries droppings. Young alliga- Contemporaries: Robert Burnell (Chancellor, 1272-1288) tor droppings are small- War of the Whiskers - 1152 ...... Alexander III (King of Scotland, 1249-1286) er and contain fish King Louis VII of France had a beard when he was married, but ...... Robert Bruce shaved it off when he got home from the Crusades. According to bones and possibly bird ...... William Wallace (Braveheart) the Book of Lists, his wife, Duchess Elanor, thought he looked feathers. Adult alliga- ugly without the beard and insisted he grow it back. He refused tors droppings have lit- ...... Philip IV (King of France, 1285-1314) and she divorced him and married King Henry II of England...... Llywelyn ap Gruffydd Louis wouldn’t release control of Elanor’s ancestral lands so tle bells in them and Henry declared war to get them back. The conflict lasted longer smell like pepper spray. * Taken from Britannia.com (copyright 2000) than any of the people who started it ... 301 years. Page 12 Page 13 We all know those phrases that of surgical training in the late 1300s to mid sometimes bring fear or apprehension into 1400s. The majority of the surgeon’s train- our daily lives; “What is this rash?” ing was through apprenticeships resulting in “Mommy, my head hurts.” “Wow, I am run- some deficiencies in the basic scientific train- ning a fever” “I don’t think my arm is sup- MEDIEVAL MEDICINE ing for surgeons. posed to have a bend right there!” It is a In 1423, Henry V again advanced the simple matter now to call our physician, go gious orders and monasteries. Eventually, and allowing the patient to deliberately profession by creating the Royal College of to the clinic, contact the HMO or visit the training of physicians became part of the uni- bleed. This particular treatment continued Physicians and Surgeons. This reflected the urgent care clinic. In the time before and versity curricula. Physicians studied diseases for a long time. Historians often state that desire of surgeons to be more closely associ- during that of Henry VIII, that was an and treated them through the use of herbs, George Washington was deliberately bled to ated with physicians and less with the lowly entirely different issue. leeches and eventually other potions. A death during his final illness in barber. The barbers naturally rebelled and Consider that by the early 1400s, over review of the layout of medieval monasteries 1799. indicated they would continue to 3000 diseases and conditions had been diag- reveals extensive herb gardens as part of the The profession of practice surgery. The King final- nosed and named. Unfortunately for those standard design. Many of today’s drugs are surgeon was actually ly relented to the political living in the early 1400s, only three cures related to the natural substances used by closely associated pressures of the time and were known: apply herbs, apply leeches or monks and other learned people. For with that of the dissolved the College. In cut the offending part off. Consider the fol- instance, willow bark, which contains salicin, barber. A patient 1435, the Fellowship of lowing sample of diseases and treatments of a substance related to the salicylates used to could go for a Surgeons was founded. the time: make aspirin, was used to relieve pain. haircut and also This Fellowship lasted As the training of physicians was cen- have a boil until its merger in 1540 Appendicitis ... tered in universities, the profession became removed. Because with the Barbers Apply leeches to the abdomen, allow one held in high regard by the population. the profession was Company. leeches to gorge themselves until the The physician of the time diagnosed and not a learned one, it Gradually, the profession appendix is exposed and then cut it out. prescribed. The apothecary (pharmacist) was quite possible for attempted to control its own actually dispensed medications. In the almost anyone to enter it. quality and training and protect the Asthma ... early to mid-1500s, the physician became The profession gradually grew in impor- population from more unscrupulous practi- Drink a cough mixture of crushed of the upper classes of society. He was tance partially due to royal attention. Henry tioners. Eventually, this training was institu- leeches and garlic. considered an intellectual, a scientist and a V commissioned thirteen surgeons in 1415 tionalized in colleges and universities. From man of reason. He examined the patient; to accompany him to the Battle of Agincourt a patient perspective, that is probably a good Cataract ... thought about the problems presented and thus changing forever the role of the military thing. It is difficult to imagine heading to Insert leeches under each eyelid. determined a course of treatment. The surgeon. The next natural evolution of the the local barber to have an appendix first medical university in England was surgeon was the creation of guilds as a center removed! Flat feet ... founded in 1423, dissolved in 1425 and Our thanks to JP collector, Jeff Schackor for writing this interesting article Insert coriander leaves between toes. If re-established in 1518. ineffective, saw off feet. At the other end of the social spectrum and lower in status was the surgeon. The Not exactly like it used to be! surgeon was considered a “craft” rather than An elderly couple were celebrating their 50th wedding anniversary and decided to go to the small Nosebleed ... town where they first met. Inside the cafe they used to frequent, the man said to the woman, Stuff a fat leech into each nostril. a scientific profession. He worked with his “Remember the field where we first made love? I propped you up against the fence.” She nodded her hands and not his head. The profession was head yes. “Why don’t we go there and do it again for old times sake?” Giggling, she agreed. Based on these typical “cures”, it is prob- more closely associated with a butcher since By chance, a police officer was in the next booth and heard the conversation. He thought he’d better follow them and make sure no one disturbed them. The couple got to the field, took off their clothes and ably good that all we have to worry about is the surgeon worked with knives and created bleeding. Treatments by the surgeon fre- the man placed the woman against the fence. From the bushes the policeman watched as they gyrated all whether our insurance is paid each month. over the fence. He watched as they did things he never even thought of doing. But where did people of these times go to quently involved cutting, cautery and blood- After five minutes they stopped, fell to the ground and slowly got up and dressed themselves. As they receive these “stat of the art” treatments? letting. Bloodletting was often done in approached the bushes the policeman stepped out and said, “I just followed you to make sure no one The profession of physician, like many order to relieve the body of the poisons con- bothered you. That was the most wonderful love making I’ve ever seen. You must have been a wild couple tained in the bloodstream by opening a vein when you were young.” professions, grew out of changes in the reli- “Not really,” replied the old man. “When we were young that fence wasn’t electric.” Page 14 Page 15 The Hazards of Castle Inspection ..... Braving Hoof & Mouth

Although the HRP party was an impor- al till we crossed the Scottish border near sobbing uncontrolably and told her about tant part of our March trip to Britain, “cas- Carlisle ... then it started. First we’d see our trip all the way from Minnesota just to tle investigation” was the main focus. Like orange traffic cones blocking the rest areas see “her” castle that she started to soften. we mentioned before, it’s tough work, but along side the highway so people couldn’t When she finally came to her senses and somebody’s got to do it. For several years, stop and wander onto farmland. Then we realized the world-wide impact that JP’s JP had thought of started running model of Caerlaverock could have, she doing Caerlaverock into traffic diver- relented and said we could come by, provid- Castle in Scotland sions where we ing we drive very slowly as we entered the and we figured this had to drive off site over the straw “hoof & mouth barrier”*. Caerlaverock would be a great the roadway and Our time at Caerlaverock was wonder- Patrick’s “block-up” chance to “scope it over disinfected ful. Our friendly “castle keeper” stayed in ... Circa 1305 out” and do all the straw mats to the little entry building hundreds of yards Before leaving Caerlaverock, I bought research necessary prevent possible from the castle and said we could explore as out the book shop, like I’ve been know to before the start of spread of the dis- much as we wanted, as long as we stayed do at every castle I visit. modeling. TREBUCHET AT CAERLAVEROCK ease. Finally, we clear of neighboring farm fields ... and Sounded like a did run across a explore we did. It was overcast, very still The Castle ... good plan ... we laid out the trip to London scene like those shown on the “tele” .... piles and sort of foggy with only a few lonely and booked a return flight from Glasgow. of cattle ... big piles ... burning in the mid- birds breaking the silence. Never before had Built near the end of the 13th century, Then, a few days from departure when it dle of a field. Very sad, very erie, and very we had a castle all to ourselves without the during the peak of the tumultuous wars happened ..... “HOOF & MOUTH”. hard to understand. We were in Dumphries distractions of tourists swarming all over the with Scotland, Caerlaverock has a rich his- We couldn’t believe it. It was spreading County, one of the hardest hit areas in all of place ... and we took full advantage of the tory ... but we’ll save that for the next JP like wildfire. Every day we would check out situation. We climbed to the top of every newsletter. We are including a few pix we British tourist websites ... and every day the tower to look at the Firth of Solway and took at the castle and a progress shot of list of closures and off-limits places grew. looked into every dark corner. We walked Patrick’s Caerlaverock “block-up” to give Just before we left, Historic Scotland all around the moat and took pictures and you an idea of its very interesting shape. announced the closure of ALL rural castle videos from every conceivable angle. At *Due to the misty weather conditions, the straw sites. And it wasn’t only Scotland, large times we would just stand still, close our disinfectant had to be reapplied every hour. parts of England were affected too ... and eyes and imagine being there under very dif- growing day by day. I could just picture ferent circumstances - like with Edward I’s Dan and I spending ten days in our hotel troops laying seige just outside the moat. Old English Law ... watching burning cows on the BBC. What a way to EXPERIENCE a great place If an object is smaller than a husband’s little With our business in London finished, like Caerlaverock. finger, he can beat his wife with it. we headed north, not knowing what to Britain ... and that’s where Caerlaverock is. expect. We saw no signs of anything unusu- By that time we figured we might just as

well find a pub and “hole-up” and drown Our Scottish trip included a stop at St. our sorrows with some local brew till it was Andrews. Here, Dan prepares to tee off time to head for home. We stopped at a pay with an English bloke and a fellow who had phone to call Edinburgh ... but as chance, flown up from Italy just to play one round at the famous course. The temp was 38 and my scribbled notes, would have it, I degrees, 25 mph wind off the sea and light dialed the wrong number. A nice lady snow in the air. In the background is the answered and identified herself as the Clubhouse of the Royal & Ancient Golf Club “keeper” of Caerlaverock. I couldn’t believe of St. Andrews. In 1997 JP issued a limited edition model of this famous building ... it. She said the castle was closed and she produced with the express permission of the INTHEGREAT HALL ... CAERLAVEROCK had no idea when it would reopen ... no Royal & Ancient. (note the English bloke’s exceptions. I think it was when I started crazy wife posing in the background) Page 16 “Where Art Thou” ..... Rob meets with the Duke of Argyll. HADDON HALL Drummond has beautiful gardens that are well displayed in the film. Britain In the Movies Other films of note that have recently by George Lohmer been shot in Scotland (and some of the The British Isles has a long, intricate movie, “Elizabeth” (1998) staring Cate locations) have been: Entrapment (Duart and fascinating history. The Isles’ history is Blanchett as the queen, was a good example Castle), Braveheart, essentially as ancient as that of Rome. of the challenges of representing the past in Chariots of Fire (St. Stonehenge, for example, may be over a present day movie. York Minster stood in Andrews and 4,000 years old and represents an engineer- for Westminster Abbey and was used as Edinburgh), Monty ing and social achievement that rivals that Elizabeth’s coronation. Elizabeth’s child- Python and the Holy of the Egyptian Pharaohs. hood home Broughton Castle was also used for a Grail (Doune and In the last issue of the JP Newsletter, a and where number of recent films. Shakespeare in Stalker Castles), The review of how medieval history was repre- she received Love used Broughton Castle as the home for World is Not Enough sented in the movies ... from the good, and the news of both Viola De Lesseps and Lord Wessex. (Eilean Donan Castle). DRUMMOND the bad to the ugly. In this issue, we will her accession The dance scene when Viola and Will first Most films using CASTLE give you the “inside story” of where the real as queen, are attracted to each other was filmed in the location shooting will movie scenes of British history took place. does not Great Hall of Broughton Castle, while the describe the “real” location of any scenes on Much of British history has been recorded exist in its balcony scene was shot outside the house. the film’s web site. Another web site that on film; however, much of Britain has also medieval The house was also used in the movie, contains information regarding movie loca- “stood-in” for other parts of the world. form. In the Three Men and a Little Lady staring Tom tion shooting in Britain is the official site of On of the best examples of England movie, Selleck and Ted Danson. the British Tourist Authority (www.visitbri- standing in for somewhere else is the movie Haddon Hall 1994 was also a good year for English tain.com/moviemap/). Gladiator (1999), which just won 5 was chosen comedies including “Four Weddings and a To tell a story is the primary mission of a Academy Awards. The opening scene in as a substi- YORK MINSTER Funeral”. The Crown Hotel in Amersham is movie. The rich locations in Great Britain Gladiator is a battle between Roman tute for the site where provide both breath and legions and barbaric German tribes. . Haddon Hall is currently Charles (Hugh depth of locations. In Instead of staging the fight on the tradition- the home of the 10th Duke of Rutland. Grant and Carrie the world of movies al border between Rome and Germany Sometimes one site is used for multiple (Andie having a double identi- (maybe near the Danube River), the battle unrelated scenes in the movie. Raby Castle, McDowell) have ty seems to be standard really takes place on Forestry Commission which was first recorded as belonging to their first tryst. operating procedure. land near Surrey on land where the trees king Canute in the 11th century, was used This hotel still will soon be harvested. You can almost see for two scenes: the midsummer river pag- gets requests to When the chips the clear-cutting where the Roman legions eant and the arrival at Whitehall Palace of stay in the room BROUGHTON CASTLE are down, the are camped. the Duke of Anjou. The area around with the four- buffalo is empty Many times a movie production cannot Bamburgh Castle, which has been impor- poster bed. The Café Rouge on Wellington obtain permission to film in certain loca- tant since Saxon times, was the scene where Street in London was used as the location for Everyone has a photographic memory tions or the location no longer exists. The the Papal emissary comes ashore to meet the “number of lovers’ conversation. ... some are just out of film! Duke of Northumberland and murders the “Rob Roy”, released in 1995 and staring GLADIATOR spy in the Duke’s service. Liam Neeson and Jessica Lange, was prima- In the 1994 movie, The Madness of rily set in Scotland (Note Ms. Lange now King George, shots of Wilton House near lives in Stillwater, Minnesota with her hus- Salisbury and the Painted Hall at the Royal band Sam Shepard.) Using the web site, Naval College in were used as Scotland in the Movies, (www.scotlan- interiors of . Broughton dandthemovie.com), over 11 locations in Castle near Banbury in Oxfordshire was Scotland were used in the film. One of the also used in The Madness of King George. most notable was Drummond Castle where BAMBURGH CASTLE Page 18 Page 19 the Trebuchet Similar in design and concept to the age-old catapult, Trebuchets are fighting machines capable of throwing much larger and heavier objects ... and throwing them much further. The development and refinement of the Trebuchet in the thirteenth century was definitely a factor in the refortification of the Tower of London by Edward I. (note the hapless soul about to be “returned” to the cas- tle from whence he came)

TO THE ATTENTION OF THE IRS Enclosed is my 2001 tax return & payment. Please take note of the attached article from Three Pay Plan USA Today newspaper. In the article, you will JP offers a convenient Three-Pay see that the Pentagon is paying $171.50 for plan ... and here’s how it works. Sign hammers and NASA has paid $600.00 for a toilet seat. up for the plan and you will be auto- matically shipped each new JP issue Please find enclosed four toilet seats (value $2400) and six hammers (value $1029). This as it comes available. Your credit card brings my total payment to $3429.00. Please is billed in three equal installments at note the overpayment of $22.00 and apply it one month intervals. If for any rea- to the "Presidential Election Fund," as noted son you don’t want to keep the piece on my return. Might I suggest you the send you have a ten-day return privilege. the above-mentioned fund a 1.5 inch screw." Just give us a call and we’ll issue a (See attached article...HUD paid $22.00 for a 1.5-inch Phillips-head screw.) UPS call tag. Simple as that. We can also work out a similar It has been a pleasure to pay my tax bill this time payment plan on purchases of year, and I look forward to paying it again next year. earlier JP issues. Sincerely, A Satisfied Taxpayer JP•EDITIONS U.S. Office - c/o Collectors Gallery 8306 Tamarack Village #401, Woodbury, Minnesota, USA Phone: (651) 738-8351 • (800) 878-7868 • Fax (651) 738-6760

Web site ..... www.jpeditions.com • E-Mail ... [email protected]