Dalbergia assamica LC Taxonomic Authority: Benth Global Assessment Regional Region: Global Endemic to region Synonyms No common names available balansae Prain Dalbergia lanceolaria Benth Upper Level Kingdom: PLANTAE Phylum: TRACHEOPHYTA Class: MAGNOLIOPSIDA Order: Family: LEGUMINOSAE Lower Level Taxonomy Rank: Infra- rank name: Hybrid Subpopulation: Authority: The taxonomic status of this species is debated. Some still recognise Dalbergia balansae as a separate species but others have it as a synonym, with the accepted name Dalbergia assamica Benth. It is assessed here under D.assamica following Niyomdham et al. 1997.

General Information Distribution This species is found in northern Viet-Nam and southern China, Laos, Cambodia,Thailand, Myanmar, Bangladesh and India, and has been introduced into tropical Africa.

Range Size Elevation Biogeographic Realm Area of Occupancy: Upper limit: 800 Afrotropical Extent of Occurrence: Lower limit: 50 Antarctic Map Status: Depth Australasian Upper limit: Neotropical Lower limit: Oceanian Depth Zones Palearctic Shallow photic Bathyl Hadal Indomalayan Photic Abyssal Nearctic Population There are recent collections for this species, it has a wide distribution and occurs in a variety of habitats. It can tolerate some disturbance and natural regeneration is strong on abandoned shifting cultivation areas (Chinh et al 1996). The population is, therefore, inferred to be large and stable.

Total Population Size Minimum Population Size: Maximum Population Size: Habitat and Ecology This species grows in lowland and submontane mixed deciduous and dry evergreen forest, scrub and wasteland around villages. Natural regeneration is strong on abandoned shifting cultivation areas (Chinh et al 1996).

System Movement pattern Crop Wild Relative Terrestrial Freshwater Nomadic Congregatory/Dispersive Is the species a wild relative of a crop? Marine Migratory Altitudinally migrant

Growth From Definition Tree - size unknown Tree (any size), also termed a Phanerophyte (>1m) Threats This forest tree suffers from the general threats associated with increasing human population pressure upon forested areas, mainly clearance for timber and for agricultural purposes. Past Present Future 1 Habitat Loss/Degradation (human induced) 1.1 Agriculture 1.3 Extraction 1.3.3 Wood 1.3.3.3 Clear-cutting Conservation Measures There are no specific conservation measures in place for this widespread species. It is found in existing protected areas, for example, it is listed as a major tree of the mixed forest in Mae Ngao National Park in Thailand. This species is cultivated ex situ and seed is available from seed catalogues. Further research may be needed to clarify the taxonomy of this

In Place Needed 3 Research actions 3.1 Taxonomy 4 Habitat and site-based actions 4.4 Protected areas 5 Species-based actions 5.7 Ex situ conservation actions 5.7.1 Captive breeding/Artificial propagation

Countries of Occurrence PRESENCE ORIGIN Year Breeding Non- Passage Possibly Extinct Presence Native Introduced Re- Vagrant Origin Round Season breeding migrant extinct uncertain Introduced uncertain only season only Bangladesh Cambodia China India Lao People's Democratic Republic Myanmar Thailand Viet Nam General Habitats Score Description Major

1 Forest 1 Suitable Unset 1.5 Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Dry 1 Suitable Unset 1.6 Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland 1 Suitable Unset 3 Shrubland 1 Suitable Unset 3.5 Shrubland - Subtropical/Tropical Dry 1 Suitable Unset 3.6 Shrubland - Subtropical/Tropical Moist 1 Suitable Unset 14 Artificial/Terrestrial 1 Suitable Unset 14.5 Artificial/Terrestrial - Urban Areas 1 Suitable Unset

Ecosystem Services Insufficient Information available Species provides no ecosystem services

Species Utilisation Species is not utilised at all Purpose / Type of Use Subsistence National International 16. Other 9. Construction/structural materials This tree is grown to provide shade in tea gardens in Assam and is recommended as a mid-storey tree for shelter belts (Hanelt 2001). This tree, in Vietnam, is considered one of the best hosts for lac insects, from which a resin is extacted (Chinh et al 1996).

Trend in the level of wild offtake/harvest in relation to total wild population numbers over the last five years: Trend in the amount of offtake/harvest produced through domestication/cultivation over the last five years: CITES Not listed

IUCN Red Listing Red List Assessment: (using 2001 IUCN system) Least Concern (LC)

Red List Criteria: Date Last Seen (only for EX, EW or Possibly EX Is the species Possibly Extinct? Possibly Extinct Candidate? Rationale for the Red List Assessment This species has an extent of occurrence (EOO) that greatly exceeds the critical threshold for a threatened category. The estimated area of occupancy (AOO) and inferred population also exceed the critical thresholds. It is assessed as Least Concern (LC). However, further research is needed to confirm the taxonomy, since D.balansae, if treated as a separate species, may have a different assessment category. Reason(s) for Change in Red List Category from the Previous Assessment: Genuine Change Nongenuine Change No Change Genuine (recent) New information Taxonom Same category Genuine (since first assessment) Knowledge of Criteria Criteria and criteria Incorrect data used Other Same category but

Current Population Trend: Stable Date of Assessment: 29/07/2010 Name(s) of the H.Chadburn Evaluator(s): Notes: % population decline in the past: Time period over which the past decline has been measured for applying Criterion A or C1 (in years or generations): % population decline in the future: Time period over which the future decline has been measured for applying Criterion A or C1 (in years or generations): Number of Locations: Severely Number of Mature Individuals:

Bibliography Chinh, N. N., et al., 1996, Vietnam Forest Trees, , Agricultural Publishing House, Hanoi Hanelt, P., 2001, Mansfelds encyclopedia of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops, Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, , Springer, Berlin Mae Ngao National Park Services., 2010, Mae Ngao National Park29 July, , Mae Ngao National Park, Niyomdham, C., 2002, An account of Dalbergia (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae) in Thailand, Thai Forest Bulletin, 124-165, , Niyomdham, C., Ho, P.H., Dy Phon, P. and Vidal, J.E., 1997, Leguminoseae-Papilionoideae , Flore du Cambodge du Laos et du Vietnam, Morat, Ph., , Museum National D'histoire Naturelle, Paris Thothathri, K., 1987, Taxonomic revision of the tribe Dalbergieae in the Indian subcontinent, , Botanical Survey of India,