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Street Vendors Resiliencies: the Role of Social Capital and Community Governance

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Street Vendors Resiliencies: the Role of Social Capital and Community Governance Proceedings of the 2ndAceh Global Conference on Business Economic and Sustainable Development Trends (AGC-BEST) 2019, October 17-18, 2019, Banda Aceh, Indonesia Street Vendors Resiliencies: The Role of Social Capital and Community Governance 1Andy Arya Maulana Wijaya, 2Lia Hanifa, 3Hastuti Hastuti, 4Lilis Maryasih 1,2,3Universitas Muhammadiyah Buton, Indonesia 4Department of Accounting, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Indonesia Correspondence author: [email protected] Abstract - This study aims to assess the social capital capabilities of the Street Vendors in several places in Baubau, as a means to understand and input policies for structuring and empowering that is oriented to the capacity of the community. The general view of this group is still oriented about quantity and how to contribute to retribution, but the capacity of the street vendor community can become a form of community contribution in improving regional competitiveness. The results of the analysis suggest that the social capital capabilities of street vendors can be observed in their interactions in groups. Some elements that describe social capital such as trust, collective rules, and networking with the other groups. However, this study is aware of weaknesses in leadership that have not been able to become an effective group liaison with local governments. Keywords - Social Capital, Street Vendors, Community Governance 1. INTRODUCTION As a city of trade and services, the socio-economic movement of Baubau is characterized by a lot of trade and service provision. One of them is the presence of Street Vendors who participate in contributing to the hustle and bustle of the city. On the other hand, the development of street vendors quantity also often follows the growth of urban public spaces. For the city of Baubau itself, which has several popular public spaces, as well as concentration areas for street vendors activities, include the Pantai Kamali, Kotamara, Bukit Wantiro, and Pujaserata. But along with its development, street vendors in several publications regarding their condition are often described as traders who do not have a fixed place, fill public spaces, the number of which is booming every day, the existence of land sabotage, up to the unattractive issues of city security and aesthetics. Finally, in the Peraturan Daerah Number. 3 Tahun 2015 About the Arrangement and Empowerment of street vendors, this sector is only about data collection and spatial planning. As part of the community, street vendors certainly also have such capacity as a process of interaction that they do. It is still often found that the dynamics that occur with street vendors, make this group so vulnerable. Structurally, evictions, neglect, stereotypes disrupt the beauty of the city, as well as culturally, namely unhealthy competition, conflicts between traders, and limited access to capital. With this phenomenon, it does not mean that street vendors do not have a positive contribution to development. Even though it is only based on small businesses, street vendors can at least be able to provide employment and become one of the sources of retribution for the income of a region, whether it comes from parking, cleanliness retribution, tourism promotion, and as an informal economy that survives. Social capital in this study was chosen to be studied more deeply, due to the assumptions that emerged in the policy and empowerment of street vendors only as a disciplinary process. That way, street vendors are often seen as a business group that is weak and not so important in the city's development structure. Whereas in several other cities, for example, Surakarta and Yogyakarta show street vendors as a regional economic driver and become an icon of regional tourism. This study aims to explain the capabilities of the social capital of the Baubau street vendors, as well as the potential that can be used to maximize these capabilities. 2. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK However, in the previous study, the dynamics of the street vendor community at Pantai Kamali Baubau, stated that merchant social capital was sufficient to enable the existence of independent community action in empowering their communities, this seems to be observed in the element of social capital of the trust merchant community. regulate and the existence of cooperation in the economic activities it carries out (Wijaya, 2017). 37 Andy Arya Maulana Wijaya, Lia Hanifa, Hastuti Hastuti, Lilis Maryasih Long and intense interactions in the street vendors community, certainly in line with the indications of the existence of built- in social capital, have economic value for the development of the community itself. In a study of this role, it was stated that through social capital the community was able to provide public services that the government had not been able to provide. Through the use of social capital such as trust, networking, and community collaboration, it is the basis for developing community communities (Bowles and Gintis, 2002; Sudarmo, 2006; Suharto, 2008; Wijaya, 2014). In connection with this study, social capital it is assumed that communally the community can use its resources to develop optimally. Social capital can be interpreted as resources that arise from the interaction between people in a community (Suharto, 2011: 97). Sudarmo (2008) sees community governance as a form of community activity to fulfill their various interests, by cooperating with both their communities and with various other parties. In line with that, Bowles and Gintis in their Journal of Social Capital and Community Governance said that Social Capital, in general, is often associated with trust (trust), the business about the organization or association, willingness to live with the norms of trust that exist in a community and punish those who do not heed these norms (Bowles and Gintis, 2002; F419). Innes & Booher quoted in Sudarmo (2008: 104) explaining that to see how community governance is, it is also necessary to look at the community from Quality possessed by members who form their community and Quality of the community or organization itself. By referring to several conceptions of community governance, and the scope of work of the concept. The capacity of social capital owned by the PKL community certainly provides another perspective or reference in the formulation of public policies in the region. 3. RESEARCH METHODS This study uses a type of case study approach. Creswell (2010: 20) understand case studies as research that investigates a program, event, activity, process, or group of individuals. In determining the informants, purposive sampling was used through key persons who were also assisted by snowball sampling, as the need to find specific characteristics of the research phenomenon and to obtain more relevant data. 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Profile Street Vendors in Baubau In looking at street vendors in the city of Baubau, the market is certainly a keyword to understand this. Until now, the market which has the largest and continuous trading concentration is in 3 markets consisting of Central Market as a Wameo and Karya Nugraha. Street vendors are always identified with the location. As a commercial business that is defined based on a location, it is not uncommon for street vendors to always be associated with public space somewhere. To examine the community profile of street vendors, it will always be related to the location of the street vendors. There are four favorite locations by residents of Baubau City as well as being one of the tourist destinations namely Pantai Kamali, Pujaserata, Kotamara, and Wantiro. From this location, there is a concentration of street vendors with a considerable amount. This study noted that there were 361 traders in 4 locations, with each location divided into several groups. The classification of the types of merchandise sold by these traders are also quite varied, for example, food, drinks, accessories, children's toys, electronic devices, and others. However, it should also be recognized that this number is still very dynamic because in certain locations it has the flexibility of receiving new traders. The amount of sword that is quite large, coupled with the capability of social capital that it shows, the community of street vendors can be actively used by the government in efforts to organize and empower it. Social Capital Capability: Street Vendors in 4 Location Like the community, street vendors who have interacted for a long period and in a region, of course, social capital will form the basis of interaction and group formation. To assess the capabilities of social capital, experts relate it to the values of trust, cooperation (network) and norms which become the basis of the relationship between the community informally and develop within the community along with the social interaction it does (Putnam, 1996; Fukuyama, 2010; Bowles and Gintis, 2002; Sudarmo, 2011: 197-198; Hasbullah, 2006: 9; Suharto, 2011: 98-100). That way, to describe the activity shown by the street vendor group in several locations in Baubau City in this study, it can be mapped the working model of social capital in the community or group. As with the collective aspect, social capital concerns relationships, leadership, network cooperation (network), and Trust. Through this community, it then becomes a forum for group traders to exchange knowledge, manage organizations to face challenges both from within and from outside the street vendor community itself. The capabilities of the social capital of street vendors in the four locations that are the focus of this study can be seen in the following discussion: Table 1. Component of Social Capital of street vendors in Baubau Component of No. Activity Information Social Capital a. Trust the leader, help each other between Several groups do traders 1 Trust not have group b. Mutual trust through Arisan leaders. c. Mutual Aid Between Traders 38 Proceedings of the 2ndAceh Global Conference on Business Economic and Sustainable Development Trends (AGC-BEST) 2019, October 17-18, 2019, Banda Aceh, Indonesia a.
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