DOCSLIB.ORG

Revisiting Epigraphic Evidence of the Oldest Synagogue in Morocco In

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Revisiting Epigraphic Evidence of the Oldest Synagogue in Morocco In arts Article ArticleArticle RevisitingRevisiting Epigraphic Epigraphic Evidence Evidence of of the the Oldest OldestOldest SynagogueSynagogue in in Morocco Morocco in in Volubilis Volubilis 1 2 3, SofiaSofiaSofia Andreeva AndreevaAndreeva 1 1, ,Artem Artem Fedorchuk Fedorchuk 2 2 and and Michael Michael Nosonovsky Nosonovsky 3, 3,** * 1 1 TheTheThe Department Department Department of of ofGeneral General General History, History, History, Ben Ben Ben Gurion Gurion Gurion University University University of of of the the the Negev, Negev, Negev, P.O. P.O. P.O. Box Box 653, 653, Be Be Be’er’er’er Sheva Sheva 84105, 84105, Israel;Israel;Israel; [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] 2 2 InternationalInternationalInternational Center Center Center for for for Jewish Jewish Jewish Education Education Education and and and Field Field Field Studies, Studies, Studies, Kfar Kfar Kfar Eldad Eldad Eldad 90916, 90916, 90916, Israel; Israel; Israel; [email protected]@gmail.com 3 [email protected] 3 College of Engineering & Applied Science, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3200 N Cramer St., 3 CollegeCollege of of Engineering Engineering & & Applied Applied Science, Science, Univ Universityersity of of Wisconsin-Milw Wisconsin-Milwaukee,aukee, 3200 3200 N N Cramer Cramer St., St., Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA Milwaukee,Milwaukee, WI WI 53211, 53211, USA USA * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-414-229-2816 ** CCorrespondence:orrespondence: nosonovs@u [email protected];wm.edu; Tel.: Tel.: +1-414-229-2816 +1-414-229-2816 Received:Received: 17 17 August August 2019; 2019; Accepted: Accepted: 23 23 23 Se Se Septemberptemberptember 2019; 2019; Published: Published: 26 26 27 September September September 2019 2019 2019 Abstract:Abstract: Volubilis Volubilis was was a a Roman Roman city city located located at at the the so southwestsouthwestuthwest extremity extremity of of the the Roman Roman Empire Empire in in modern-daymodern-day Morocco. Morocco. Several Several Several Jewish Jewish Jewish gravestone gravestone gravestone inscriptions inscriptions inscriptions in in in Hebrew, Hebrew, Hebrew, Greek, Greek, and and Latin, Latin, likely likely fromfrom the the 3rd 3rd century century CE, CE, have have been been found found there. there. On On Oneee of of them them belongs belongs to to “Protopolites “Protopolites Kaikilianos, Kaikilianos, thethe head headhead ofof a aa Jewish JewishJewish congregation congregationcongregation (synagogue ((synagoguesynagogue)”,)”, and)”, andand it indicates itit indicatesindicates the presence thethe presencepresence of a relatively ofof aa relativelyrelatively big Jewish bigbig JewishcommunityJewish community community in the city.in in the the The city. city. Hebrew The The Hebrew Hebrew inscription inscription inscription of “Matrona, of of “Matrona, “Matrona, daughter daughter daughter of Rabbi of of Yehuda”Rabbi Rabbi Yehuda” Yehuda” is unique is is uniqueoccurrenceunique occurrenceoccurrence of using ofof the usingusing Hebrew thethe HebrewHebrew language languagelanguage in such in ain remote suchsuch aa region.remoteremote Theregion.region. Latin TheThe inscription LatinLatin inscriptioninscription belongs belongstobelongs “Antonii to to “Antonii “Antonii Sabbatrai”, Sabbatrai”, Sabbatrai”, likely alikely likely Jew. a Ina Jew. Jew. addition, In In addition, addition, two lamps two two lamps lamps decorated decorated decorated with menorahs,with with menorahs, menorahs, one fromone one frombronzefrom bronze bronze and oneand and fromone one from clay,from wereclay, clay, were foundwere found found in Volubilis. in in Volubilis. Volubilis. In nearby In In nearby nearby Chellah, Chellah, Chellah, a Jewish a a Jewish Jewish inscription inscription inscription in Greek in in GreekwasGreek also was was discovered. also also discovered. discovered. We revisit We We revisit revisit these these these inscriptions inscript inscript includingionsions including including their their their language, language, language, spelling spelling spelling mistakes, mistakes, mistakes, and andtheirand theirtheir interpretations. interpretations.interpretations. We relate WeWe relaterelate epigraphic epigraphicepigraphic sources sourcessources to archaeological toto archaeologicalarchaeological evidence evidenceevidence and discuss andand discuss adiscuss possible aa possiblelocationpossible location oflocation the synagogue of of the the synagogue synagogue in this remote in in this this city,remote remote which city, city, was which which the firstwas was synagoguethe the first first synagogue synagogue in Morocco. in in Morocco. Morocco. Keywords:Keywords: Volubilis;Volubilis; ancient ancientancient synagogues; synagogues;synagogues; Morocco; Morocco;Morocco; Mauretania; Mauretania;Mauretania; Hebrew HebrewHebrew epigraphy; epigraphy;epigraphy; Greek epigraphy; GreekGreek epigraphy;Jewishepigraphy; gravestone Jewish Jewish gravestone inscriptions;gravestone inscriptions; inscriptions; epitaphs; Jewish epitaphs; epitaphs; cemeteries Jewish Jewish cemeteries cemeteries 1.1. Introduction Introduction ﻗﺼﺮ ﻓﺮﻋﻮﻥ ṣ ﻭﻟﻴﻠﻲ Qå)¯) ) waswas anan ancient ancient ﻗﺼﺮ¯ àñ«Q ﻓﺮﻋﻮﻥ) ) JËð, , Berber: Berber:Berber: ⵡⴰⵍⵉⵍⵉⵡⴰⵍⵉⵍⵉ, , also alsoalso called calledcalled QQQṣs.ararar Pharaoun PharaounPharaoun úÎ ﻭﻟﻴﻠﻲ :VolubilisVolubilis (Arabic: (Arabic:(Arabic BerberBerber and and Roman Roman city, city, a a capital capitalcapital of ofof the thethe Kingdom KingdomKingdom of of Mauretania, Mauretania, located located next next to to the the modern modern city city of of MeknesMeknes in in Morocco. Morocco. AfterAfter After thethe the fallfall fall ofof CarthageCarthage inin 146146 BCE,BCE, MauritaniaMauritania becamebecame aa clientclient state state of of the the RomanRoman Empire, Empire, and and Volubilis Volubilis was was Romanised, Romanised, in in particular, particular, by by King King Juba Juba II II (52/50 (52(52/50/50 BCE–23 BCE–23 CE) CE) of of NumidiaNumidia andand Mauretania, Mauretania, whowho establishedestablished hishis royal royal capital capital in in the the city. city. In In 44 44 CE, CE, Mauritania Mauritania was was annexedannexed byby the thethe Roman RomanRoman Empire, Empire,Empire, and andand Volubilis VolubilisVolubilis became becamebecame the capital thethe capital ofcapital the new ofof the Romanthe newnew province RomanRoman Mauretania provinceprovince MauretaniaTingitanaMauretania. RomanTingitana Tingitana rule. .Roman Roman lasted rule untilrule lasted lasted 280 CE, until until although 280 280 CE, CE, Roman although although influence Roman Roman remained influence influence significant remained remained throughoutsignificant significant throughoutthethroughout fourth century the the fourth fourth despite century century the despite declinedespite the ofthe the decline decline city. Byof of the thethe city. timecity. By ofBy the the time Arab time of conquestof the the Arab Arab in conquest conquest 708 CE, thein in 708 city708 CE,centerCE, the the hadcity city beencenter center abandoned, had had been been abandoned, abandoned, and the population, and and the the population, population, mostly Awraba mostly mostly Berbers, Awraba Awraba moved Berbers, Berbers, to themoved moved southwest to to the the southwestofsouthwest the old of city,of the the where old old city, city, a newwhere where city a a new wallnew city city was wall wall constructed, was was constructed, constructed, while the while while old the citythe old old center city city center wascenter turned was was turned turned into a into a cemetery. After the capital of the region was moved to Feṣ by the rulers from the Idrisid dynasty intocemetery. a cemetery. After After the capital the capital of the of region the region was moved was moved to Fes. toby Fe theṣ by rulers the rulers from from the Idrisid the Idrisid dynasty dynasty in the inearlyin the the early800s, early Volubilis800s, 800s, Volubilis Volubilis was almost was was almost almost deserted deserted deserted (Panetier (Panetier (Panetier 2002, p.2002, 2002, 50; p.Risse p. 50; 50; 2001Risse Risse; Marion2001; 2001; Marion Marion 1960). 1960). 1960). SemiticSemitic population population was was present present in in Volubilis Volubilis th throughoutthroughoutroughout its its history. history.history. The The Phoenicians PhoeniciansPhoenicians appeared appeared herehere since since at at least least the the third third century century BCE. BCE. Jews Jews ha hadhadd contacts contacts with with Mauretania Mauretania on on several several occasions. occasions. MidrashMidrash Exodus Exodus Rabba Rabba 18:6 18:6 (35b) (35b) contains contains a a reference reference to to Mauretania Mauretania including including a a folk-etymology folk-etymology of of the the .barbur barburbarbur(appearing (appearing (appearing in in in 1 1 Kings1 Kings Kings 5:3) 5:3) 5:3) as as as “a “a “a fowl fowl fowl coming coming coming from from from Barbary” Barbary” Barbary”(Hirschberg (Hirschberg (Hirschberg 1974 1974, 1974,, p. 27).p. p ברבור ברבור wordword ArtsArts 2019 2019, ,8 8, ,x; x; doi: doi: FOR FOR PEER PEER REVIEW REVIEW www.mdpi.com/journal/artswww.mdpi.com/journal/arts Arts 2019, 8, 127; doi:10.3390/arts8040127 www.mdpi.com/journal/arts Arts 2019, 8, 127 2 of 13 Arts 2019, 8, x FOR PEER REVIEW 2 of 13 27).After After the death the death of King of JubaKing II’s Juba wife, II’s Cleopatra wife, Cleopatra Selene II Selene (40 BCE–before II (40 BCE–before 6 CE), who 6 wasCE), a daughterwho was ofa daughterMark Antony, of Mark Juba Antony,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Palmyra: a Matter That Concerns Us All
    Journal of Cultural and Social Anthropology Volume 1, Issue 2, 2019, PP 16-18 ISSN 2642-8237 Palmyra: A Matter that Concerns us all Joao Vicente Ganzarolli de Oliveira* Senior Professor and Researcher of the Tercio Pacitti Institute of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil *Corresponding Author: Joao Vicente Ganzarolli de Oliveira, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT Based on personal impressions gathered during my stay in the Middle East in 1998 and in 2002, this article focuses on the preservation of art in the Hellenistic city of Palmyra. The destruction of the ancient art produced in such a magnificent place means not only a breach with the past; it is also a bad omen for the very existence of art in the future of mankind. The Author thanks Professor Júlio Tadeu Carvalho da Silveira for his generous cooperation. Keywords: Palmyra, Art, Middle East, Preservation, Humanity. Palmyra has its own fate between the mighty Roman and Parthian empires Pliny, the Elder Beauty will save the world Dostoevsky 1 A FOREST OR MARBLE world. In the Middle East, Palmyra is second only to Petra. First mentioned on documents Palmyra is a forest of marble that contrasts to nd the ochre sameness of the deserts of the Middle during the early 2 millennium BC, Palmyra East. Palmyra is also the main oasis on the belonged to different empires before becoming part of the Roman world. Controversial issues desert fringe that fans out at the edge of concerning to what extend Semitic and Parthian Mesopotamia – the land whose ancient civilization (the oldest of all, hence the formula art are present in Palmyra may well be set aside Mesopotamia = cradle of civilization) lived and here, taking into consideration the scope of this thrived along the banks of two twin rivers, article, which is limited to general information; let us leave such issues to experts such as namely the Euphrates and the Tigris.
    [Show full text]
  • PDF. Ksar Seghir 2500Ans D'échanges Inter-Civilisationnels En
    Ksar Seghir 2500 ans d’échanges intercivilisationnels en Méditerranée • Première Edition : Institut des Etudes Hispanos-Lusophones. 2012 • Coordination éditoriale : Fatiha BENLABBAH et Abdelatif EL BOUDJAY • I.S.B.N : 978-9954-22-922-4 • Dépôt Légal: 2012 MO 1598 Tous droits réservés Sommaire SOMMAIRE • Préfaces 5 • Présentation 9 • Abdelaziz EL KHAYARI , Aomar AKERRAZ 11 Nouvelles données archéologiques sur l’occupation de la basse vallée de Ksar de la période tardo-antique au haut Moyen-âge • Tarik MOUJOUD 35 Ksar-Seghir d’après les sources médiévales d’histoire et de géographie • Patrice CRESSIER 61 Al-Qasr al-Saghîr, ville ronde • Jorge CORREIA 91 Ksar Seghir : Apports sur l’état de l’art et révisoin critique • Abdelatif ELBOUDJAY 107 La mise en valeur du site archéologique de Ksar Seghir Bilan et perspectives 155 عبد الهادي التازي • مدينة الق�رص ال�صغري من خﻻل التاريخ الدويل للمغرب Préfaces PREFACES e patrimoine archéologique marocain, outre qu’il contribue à mieux Lconnaître l’histoire de notre pays, il est aussi une source inépuisable et porteuse de richesse et un outil de développement par excellence. A travers le territoire du Maroc s’éparpillent une multitude de sites archéologiques allant du mineur au majeur. Citons entre autres les célèbres grottes préhistoriques de Casablanca, le singulier cromlech de Mzora, les villes antiques de Volubilis, de Lixus, de Banasa, de Tamuda et de Zilil, les sites archéologies médiévaux de Basra, Sijilmassa, Ghassasa, Mazemma, Aghmat, Tamdoult et Ksar Seghir objet de cet important colloque. Le site archéologique de Ksar Seghir est fameux par son évolution historique, par sa situation géographique et par son urbanisme particulier.
    [Show full text]
  • Performing Tangier 2008 Performing Tangier 2008
    Performing Tangier 2008 Performing Tangier 2008 Borders, Beats, and Beyond Borders, Beats, and Beyond Tangier, Morocco, May 16, 17, 18, 19, 2008 Tangier, Morocco, May 16, 17, 18, 19, 2008 International Centre for Performance Studies Sommaire des Conférences & Agenda Public presente Conférence Borders, Beats and Beyond... La Conférence Internationale annuelle de Tanger Vendredi 16 Mai 2008 http://icpsresearch.blogspot.com/2007/12/welcome.html 14: 15/16: 00 Séance Plénière 16: 30/17: 30 Discours d’ouverture, Dwight Reynolds 17: 30/18: 30 Discours d’ouverture, Mohammed Lammiri Samedi 17 Mai 2008 09: 00/09: 45 Discours d’ouverture, Jonathan Curiel Programme 10: 15/11: 00 Discours d’ouverture, Deborah Kapchan Conférences des 11: 15/12: 45 Session 1| L’identité de Tanger Conférenciers 14: 15/16: 00 Session 2| “Paul Bowles Once Again” Performances artistiques 16: 15/18: 15 Session 3| Tanger dans la Littérature espagnole 16: 15/17: 45 Session 4| Proust, Bowles et Choukri Expositions Dimanche 18 Mai 2008 08: 45/09: 30 Discours d’ouverture, Andrew Hussey 10: 00/10: 45 Discours d’ouverture, Allen Hibbard Concerts 10: 45/12: 45 Session 5| Beats et après Beats 14: 15/16: 00 Session 6| Beats : de l’intérieur/ de l’extérieur Théâtre 16: 15/17: 45 Session 7| Beats et Culture urbaine 18: 15/19: 15 Session 8| “Beckett IN/OUT of Tangier” Littérature Lundi 19 Mai 2008 08: 30/09: 15 Discours d’ouverture, Susan Gilson Miller Documentaires... 09: 30/10: 45 Panel Session 9| Construire la Ville Magique “...Performing the city, reorientering the Beats, and negotiating
    [Show full text]
  • The Romanization of Romania: a Look at the Influence of the Roman Military on Romanian History and Heritage Colleen Ann Lovely Union College - Schenectady, NY
    Union College Union | Digital Works Honors Theses Student Work 6-2016 The Romanization of Romania: A Look at the Influence of the Roman Military on Romanian History and Heritage Colleen Ann Lovely Union College - Schenectady, NY Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalworks.union.edu/theses Part of the Ancient History, Greek and Roman through Late Antiquity Commons, European History Commons, and the Military History Commons Recommended Citation Lovely, Colleen Ann, "The Romanization of Romania: A Look at the Influence of the Roman Military on Romanian History and Heritage" (2016). Honors Theses. 178. https://digitalworks.union.edu/theses/178 This Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Work at Union | Digital Works. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of Union | Digital Works. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Romanization of Romania: A Look at the Influence of the Roman Military on Romanian History and Heritage By Colleen Ann Lovely ********* Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Honors in the Departments of Classics and Anthropology UNION COLLEGE March 2016 Abstract LOVELY, COLLEEN ANN The Romanization of Romania: A Look at the Influence of the Roman Military on Romanian History and Heritage. Departments of Classics and Anthropology, March 2016. ADVISORS: Professor Stacie Raucci, Professor Robert Samet This thesis looks at the Roman military and how it was the driving force which spread Roman culture. The Roman military stabilized regions, providing protection and security for regions to develop culturally and economically. Roman soldiers brought with them their native cultures, languages, and religions, which spread through their interactions and connections with local peoples and the communities in which they were stationed.
    [Show full text]
  • Bibliography
    Bibliography Many books were read and researched in the compilation of Binford, L. R, 1983, Working at Archaeology. Academic Press, The Encyclopedic Dictionary of Archaeology: New York. Binford, L. R, and Binford, S. R (eds.), 1968, New Perspectives in American Museum of Natural History, 1993, The First Humans. Archaeology. Aldine, Chicago. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Braidwood, R 1.,1960, Archaeologists and What They Do. Franklin American Museum of Natural History, 1993, People of the Stone Watts, New York. Age. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Branigan, Keith (ed.), 1982, The Atlas ofArchaeology. St. Martin's, American Museum of Natural History, 1994, New World and Pacific New York. Civilizations. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Bray, w., and Tump, D., 1972, Penguin Dictionary ofArchaeology. American Museum of Natural History, 1994, Old World Civiliza­ Penguin, New York. tions. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Brennan, L., 1973, Beginner's Guide to Archaeology. Stackpole Ashmore, w., and Sharer, R. J., 1988, Discovering Our Past: A Brief Books, Harrisburg, PA. Introduction to Archaeology. Mayfield, Mountain View, CA. Broderick, M., and Morton, A. A., 1924, A Concise Dictionary of Atkinson, R J. C., 1985, Field Archaeology, 2d ed. Hyperion, New Egyptian Archaeology. Ares Publishers, Chicago. York. Brothwell, D., 1963, Digging Up Bones: The Excavation, Treatment Bacon, E. (ed.), 1976, The Great Archaeologists. Bobbs-Merrill, and Study ofHuman Skeletal Remains. British Museum, London. New York. Brothwell, D., and Higgs, E. (eds.), 1969, Science in Archaeology, Bahn, P., 1993, Collins Dictionary of Archaeology. ABC-CLIO, 2d ed. Thames and Hudson, London. Santa Barbara, CA. Budge, E. A. Wallis, 1929, The Rosetta Stone. Dover, New York. Bahn, P.
    [Show full text]
  • Greening the Agriculture System: Morocco's Political Failure In
    Greening the Agriculture System: Morocco’s Political Failure in Building a Sustainable Model for Development By Jihane Benamar Mentored by Dr. Harry Verhoeven A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Award of Honors in International Politics, Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service, Georgetown University, Spring 2018. CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 2 • THE MOROCCAN PUZZLE .................................................................................................... 5 • WHY IS AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IMPORTANT FOR MOROCCO? .............................. 7 • WHY THE PLAN MAROC VERT? .......................................................................................... 8 METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................................... 11 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................................................ 13 • A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR “DEVELOPMENT”....................................................... 14 • ROSTOW, STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT PROGRAMS (SAPS) & THE OLD DEVELOPMENT DISCOURSE ......................................................................................................................... 19 • THE ROLE OF AGRICULTURE IN DEVELOPMENT .............................................................. 24 • SUSTAINABILITY AND THE DISCOURSE ON DEVELOPMENT & AGRICULTURE ................
    [Show full text]
  • Roman Algeria, the Sahara & the M'zab Valley 2022
    Roman Algeria, the Sahara & the M’Zab Valley 2022 13 MAR – 2 APR 2022 Code: 22203 Tour Leaders Tony O’Connor Physical Ratings Explore Ottoman kasbahs, Roman Constantine, Timgad & Djemila, mud-brick trading towns of the Sahara, Moorish Tlemcen, & the secret world of the Berber M'Zab valley. Overview Join archaeologist Tony O'Connor on this fascinating tour which explores Roman Algeria, the Sahara & the M'Zab Valley. Explore the twisting streets, stairs, and alleys of the Ottoman Kasbah of Algiers and enjoy magnificent views across the city from the French colonial Cathedral of Notre-Dame d'Afrique. Wander perfectly preserved streets at the UNESCO World Heritage sites of Roman Djémila and Timgad, empty of visitors and complete with stunning mosaics, full-size temples, triumphal arches, market places, and theatres. At Sétif gaze upon one of the most exquisite mosaics in all of the Roman world – The Triumph of Dionysus. Engage with Numidian Kings at the extraordinary tombs of Medracen and the 'Tomb of the Christian' along with the ambitions of Cleopatra and Mark Antony at their daughter’s former capital of Caesarea/Cherchell. Explore the Roman 'City of Bridges', Constantine, encircled by the dramatic gorge of Wadi Rummel. Wander the atmospheric ruins of the Roman towns of Tipaza and Tiddis: Tipaza overlooks the Mediteranean, while Tiddis perches on a hillside, overlooking the fertile lands of Constantine. Walk the Algerian 'Grand Canyon' at El Ghoufi: a centre of Aures Berber culture, Algerian resistance to French colonial rule, inscriptions left behind by the engineers of Emperor Hadrian himself, and photogenic mud-brick villages clustering along vertiginous rocky ledges.
    [Show full text]
  • Ancient Rome
    Ancient Rome William E. Dunstan ROWMAN & LITTLEFIELD PUBLISHERS, INC. Lanham • Boulder • New York • Toronto • Plymouth, UK ................. 17856$ $$FM 09-09-10 09:17:21 PS PAGE iii Published by Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. A wholly owned subsidiary of The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc. 4501 Forbes Boulevard, Suite 200, Lanham, Maryland 20706 http://www.rowmanlittlefield.com Estover Road, Plymouth PL6 7PY, United Kingdom Copyright ᭧ 2011 by Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. All maps by Bill Nelson. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means, including information storage and retrieval systems, without written permission from the publisher, except by a reviewer who may quote passages in a review. The cover image shows a marble bust of the nymph Clytie; for more information, see figure 22.17 on p. 370. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Information Available Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Dunstan, William E. Ancient Rome / William E. Dunstan. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-7425-6832-7 (cloth : alk. paper) ISBN 978-0-7425-6833-4 (pbk. : alk. paper) ISBN 978-0-7425-6834-1 (electronic) 1. Rome—Civilization. 2. Rome—History—Empire, 30 B.C.–476 A.D. 3. Rome—Politics and government—30 B.C.–476 A.D. I. Title. DG77.D86 2010 937Ј.06—dc22 2010016225 ⅜ϱ ீThe paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI/ NISO Z39.48–1992. Printed in the United States of America ................
    [Show full text]
  • Reflecting on the Theory and Practice of Mosaic Conservation
    Cyan Magenta Yellow Black PART TWO Caring for Mosaics in Museums TJ14-3-2008 PO(Sam) GCI W:9” X H:11” 200L 115g EX Gold East M/A Magenta(S) EX Gold East M/A 115g 200L X H:11” TJ14-3-2008 PO(Sam) GCI W:9” 67 TJ14-3 P067-120 200L CTP.indd 67 3/3/08 11:28:32 AAMM Cyan Magenta Yellow Black TJ14-3-2008 PO(Sam) GCI W:9” X H:11” 200L 115g EX Gold East M/A Magenta(S) EX Gold East M/A 115g 200L X H:11” TJ14-3-2008 PO(Sam) GCI W:9” 68 68 TJ14-3 P067-120 200L CTP.indd 68 3/3/08 11:28:34 AAMM Cyan Magenta Yellow Black Conservation et restauration des mosaïques romaines au Portugal – Quelques exemples dans les collections de musées Maria de Fátima Abraços Résumé : Étant donné qu’il n’existe aucun relevé complet des Distribuição dos fragmentos de mosaïques fi gurant dans les collections des musées du Portugal, mosaico nas colecções de Museus nous avons décidé de procéder à ce travail pour quantifi er et 300 caractériser leur état de conservation. Nous avons choisi de 256 présenter dans ce colloque quelques-unes des mosaïques de la 250 collection de deux musées : le Musée National d’Archéologie, 200 N˚de Museus fondé en 1893, qui, du fait de son ancienneté, abrite le plus 150 114 N˚de Fragmentos grand nombre de mosaïques, et le Musée Régional d’Archéo- 100 logie D. Diogo de Sousa à Braga, créé en 1918 mais ultérieure- 53 50 ment installé dans un nouveau bâtiment dont la construction 19 6 10 0 a débuté en 1991.
    [Show full text]
  • PDF Full-Text
    Interdisciplinary Studies on Ancient Stone ASMOSIA X Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference of ASMOSIA Association for the Study of Marble & Other Stones in Antiquity Rome, 21-26 May 2012 P. P ENSABENE, E. GASPARINI (eds.) «L’ERMA» di BRETSCHNEIDER INDEX Presentation . XI I VOLUME 1. APPLICATION TO SPECIFIC ARCHAEOLOGICAL QUESTIONS - USE OF MARBLE Architecture with concave and convex rhythms and its decoration in Hadrian age: the Ma- ritime Theatre and the Southern pavilion of Piazza d’Oro in Hadrian’s Villa, B. Adembri, S. Di Tondo, F. Fantini . 3 Imported marbles found in three Roman cities of the territory of “Cinco Villas” (Zaragoza), north of Hispania Citerior, J. Andreu Pintado, H. Royo Plumed, P. Lapuente, M. Brilli . 13 Pentelic marble in the Severan Complex in Leptis Magna (Tripolitania, Libya), F. Bianchi, M. Bruno, S. Pike . 23 The limestone quarries of Wadi Gadatza in the territory of Leptis Magna, M. Bruno, F. Bianchi . 35 Provenance and distribution of white marbles in the arches of Titus and Septimius Severus in Rome, M. Bruno, C. Gorgoni, P. Pallante . 43 The imitation of coloured marbles in a first style wall painting from the Etruscan-Roman town of Populonia (LI – Italy), F. Cavari, F. Droghini, M. Giamello, C. Mascione, A. Scala . 55 Small Euboean quarries. The local community markets, M. Chidiroglou . 63 Lumachella at Cosa: late Republican?, J. Collins-Clinton . 73 Ancientmarbles.org: an open community for sharing knowledge about ancient marble from different approaches, S. Costa, F. Marri . 81 The use of marble in Lusitania between Rome and Islam, M. Cruz Villalón . 85 “Marmora Ostiensa”.
    [Show full text]
  • History of Horticulture: Lecture 18 1
    History of Horticulture: Lecture 18 Lecture 18 Roman Agricultural History Pompeii and Mount Vesuvius View from the Tower of Mercury on the Pompeii city wall looking down the Via di Mercurio toward the forum 1 History of Horticulture: Lecture 18 Rome 406–88 BCE Source: Harper Atlas of World History, 1992. Rome 241–27 BCE Source: Harper Atlas of World History, 1992. Rome 193–211 Source: Harper Atlas of World History, 1992. 2 History of Horticulture: Lecture 18 Carthage Founded 814 BCE in North Africa Result of Phoenician expansion North African city-state opposite Sicily Mago, 350 BCE, Father of Agriculture Agricultural author wrote a 28 volume work in Punic, A language close to Hebrew. Roman Senate ordered the translation of Mago upon the fall of Carthage despite violent enmity between states. One who has bought land should sell his town house so that he will have no desire to worship the households of the city rather than those of the country; the man who takes great delight in his city residence will have no need of a country estate. Quotation from Columella after Mago Hannibal Capitoline Museums Hall of Hannibal Jacopo Ripanda (attr.) Hannibal in Italy Fresco Beginning of 16th century Roman History 700 BCE Origin from Greek Expansion 640–520 Etruscan civilization 509 Roman Republic 264–261 Punic wars between Carthage and Rome 3 History of Horticulture: Lecture 18 Roman Culture Debt to Greek, Egyptian, and Babylonian Science and Esthetics Roman expansion due to technology and organization Agricultural Technology Irrigation Grafting Viticulture and Enology Wide knowledge of fruit culture, pulses, wheat Legume rotation Fertility appraisals Cold storage of fruit Specularia—prototype greenhouse using mica Olive oil for cooking and light Ornamental Horticulture Hortus (gardens) Villa urbana Villa rustica, little place in the country Formal gardens of wealthy Garden elements Frescoed walls, statuary, fountains trellises, pergolas, flower boxes, shaded walks, terraces, topiary Getty Museum reconstruction of the Villa of the Papyri.
    [Show full text]
  • Theocracy Metin M. Coşgel Thomas J. Miceli
    Theocracy Metin M. Coşgel University of Connecticut Thomas J. Miceli University of Connecticut Working Paper 2013-29 November 2013 365 Fairfield Way, Unit 1063 Storrs, CT 06269-1063 Phone: (860) 486-3022 Fax: (860) 486-4463 http://www.econ.uconn.edu/ This working paper is indexed on RePEc, http://repec.org THEOCRACY by Metin Coşgel* and Thomas J. Miceli** Abstract: Throughout history, religious and political authorities have had a mysterious attraction to each other. Rulers have established state religions and adopted laws with religious origins, sometimes even claiming to have divine powers. We propose a political economy approach to theocracy, centered on the legitimizing relationship between religious and political authorities. Making standard assumptions about the motivations of these authorities, we identify the factors favoring the emergence of theocracy, such as the organization of the religion market, monotheism vs. polytheism, and strength of the ruler. We use two sets of data to test the implications of the model. We first use a unique data set that includes information on over three hundred polities that have been observed throughout history. We also use recently available cross-country data on the relationship between religious and political authorities to examine these issues in current societies. The results provide strong empirical support for our arguments about why in some states religious and political authorities have maintained independence, while in others they have integrated into a single entity. JEL codes: H10,
    [Show full text]