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International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination by Succession on 15 March 1984

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International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination by Succession on 15 March 1984 United Nations CERD/C/SUR/16-18 International Convention on Distr.: General 20 July 2020 the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination Original: English English, French and Spanish only Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination Combined sixteenth to eighteenth periodic reports submitted by Suriname under article 9 of the Convention, due in 2019* [Date received: 4 November 2019] * The present document is being issued without formal editing. GE.20-09724(E) CERD/C/SUR/16-18 I. Introduction 1. The Republic of Suriname became a party to the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination by succession on 15 March 1984. Pursuant to article 9 of the Convention and as requested in paragraph 47 of the Concluding Observations of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (CERD) on the combined thirteenth to fifteenth periodic reports of Suriname, the State Party submits this report covering the sixteenth to the eighteenth periodic report. Scope 2. The present periodic report covers the period from 2015 to July 2019. The periodic report outlines the achievements since the concluding consideration of the CERD on its last report of Suriname. Additionally, the challenges impairing the full enjoyment of the rights under the Convention are highlighted and the measures taken to address these are described. Structure 3. In accordance with the reporting guidelines for States Parties, this consolidated periodic report, contain in a single document the sixteenth, seventeenth and eighteenth reports, and is divided into two main parts. 4. The first part, “General information and responses to the concerns and recommendations of the CERD”, describes the general political structure of the country and recalls the framework in which human rights are promoted and protected. Additionally, it also contains the responses of the Republic of Suriname to the prevention of racial discrimination and the recommendations formulated by the CERD in its previous concluding observations. 5. The second part of the report contains information on changes that occurred in Suriname in relation to substantive provisions of the Convention. In closing, the report presents conclusions and closing remarks. II. General information and response to the concerns and recommendations of the Committee 1. General Information 6. Suriname is the smallest country in South America, its territory covers an area of 163,820 sq km, of which 94% is covered by pristine forests. Suriname is an independent constitutional democracy with a President as the Head of Government since 1975. The National Assembly (Parliament), has a single legislative Chamber of fifty-one (51) members. 7. Suriname is organized into ten (10) administrative districts. There are 62 resorts in the ten districts. Each district is headed by at least one District Commissioner appointed by the President. According to articles 163 and 164 of the Constitution of the Republic of Suriname, two types of local participation exist namely: (i) District Councils, and (ii) Resort Councils. 8. In accordance with article 139 of the Constitution, the Judiciary is headed by the Court of Justice (Supreme Court). It is the highest court in the legal hierarchy. Its members are appointed for life by the President according to article 141 sub 2 of the Constitution. 9. Suriname has an extensive educational system with free schooling compulsory until age 12. The adult literacy rate is approximately 89.6%. As a rule, all instruction is in Dutch. The system allows for schools from different religious groups (e.g. Roman Catholic, Moravian, Hindu and Islam) in addition to public schools up to secondary education. 2 CERD/C/SUR/16-18 Tertiary education includes training institutes, technical schools and the Anton de Kom University of Suriname, situated in the capital Paramaribo, with faculties of Medicine, Law, Social and Technological Sciences, etc. 10. The Constitution guarantees freedom of expression and freedom of the press. The media sector is fairly diverse, and internet access is not restricted. Articles 20 and 21 of the Constitution protect the Rights to Freedom of Peaceful Association and Assembly, as well as the Right to Demonstrate. 11. In 2015, at the start of the reporting period, Suriname experienced a recession. The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) contracted by 2.6 % in that year and continued in 2016 with 5.1 %. The underlying circumstances contributing to this were the termination of bauxite production in the last quarter of 2015, and a sharp decline in the international prices of Suriname’s main export commodities (gold and crude oil), thereby interrupting the experienced sustained growth of real GDP from 2001-2014 (averaging 4.4 %).1 Relatively large fiscal and external imbalances, rising debt levels, and a drawdown of international reserves accompanied the economic decline. In 2016, Suriname signed a Stand-By Agreement (SBA) with the IMF, however mid-2016, the first and second reviews of the SBA did not proceed.2 12. By 2017, the economy recovered with a growth of 1.7 %. Growth of 2.0 % was projected over 2018.3 Drivers of the economy are exports (oil and gold in combination with increased exports of timber and food products) and public investments in infrastructure financed by loans. 4 Inflationary pressures have decelerated, and the exchange rate has stabilized. Monthly inflation (year-on-year) declined from 48.7 % in January 2017 to 9.2 % in December 2017 and 5.4% up to December 20185, after spiking at 79.2 % in October 2016 (attributed to higher costs for utilities and the exchange rate depreciation). After the currency depreciation of 102 % from 2015 to 2017, the exchange rate has since stabilized at a range of USD 1 – SRD 7.43 – 7,54, with a relatively low volatility of 0.27%.6 13. Suriname has an estimated population of 567,3007. Ninety percent (90%) of the population lives in the capital Paramaribo and the remaining coastal area. Suriname is among the least densely populated countries in the world with just three (3) people per square kilometer. With a GDP of USD 9,300 in 2015, the country is ranked as an upper middle-income country. 14. The Constitution and applicable laws are founded on the distinct character of Suriname. The country inhabits a rich mosaic in population groups, each with its own history and culture. The population comprises Indigenous Peoples and Maroons, who mainly reside in the interior. The coastal area is populated by Surinamese from African, East – Indian, Javanese and Chinese descent and various other ethnic groups, originating from many continents of the world. As a result, Suriname’s adherence to equality, non- discrimination and respect for diversity emanates from the very fabric of the diverse multi- ethnic, multi-cultural, multi-religious and multi-lingual society. 15. The Constitution stipulates in article 8 sub 2 that; “no one shall be discriminated against on the grounds of birth, sex, race, languages, religion, education, political opinion, economic position or any other status”. The keen awareness of these profound principles among the many ethnic groups has taught Suriname to peacefully co-exist by expressing tolerance, practicing respect for each faith, cultural background and the enjoyment of religious freedom. 1 Source: World Bank, National Accounts data website. 2 IMF Executive Board, Article IV Consultation with Suriname, January 24, 2017. 3 Source: IMF Art IV Consultation, 2018. 4 Source: Ministry of Finance. Financial Note 2019. 5 Source: Central Bank of Suriname. Enhanced General Data Dissemination System, consulted October 2018. 6 Source: Exchange rate historical dates, Central Bank of Suriname, consulted October 2018. 7 Source: Demographic Data 2013-2016, General Bureau for Statistics, August 2017. 3 CERD/C/SUR/16-18 16. Within this context, laws and policies are established by the Parliament and the Government of Suriname in a well-balanced manner in order to guarantee equality, promote national unity and ensure the indivisibility of the nation. The social and economic objectives of the Government are aimed at building a national economy from which the entire population benefits, and in which equality and social programs such as healthcare and education are accessible to each citizen. 17. As an expression of genuine respect and peaceful co-existence, the different ethnic groups celebrate the National Day of Independence in addition to national holidays such as the commemoration of the Abolition of Slavery, Indigenous Peoples Day, Maroon Day, Eid Al-Fitr, and Hindustani (East – Indian), Javanese and Chinese Immigration. 18. Suriname cherishes its harmonious and interwoven multitude of cultures and religions as its greatest wealth. Suriname is a beacon of respect and tolerance of diversity, therefore it is honored to share its way of peace and dialogue with the world. 2. Responses to the Recommendations Definition and prohibition of racial discrimination 19. Article 8 sub 2 of the Constitution states: No one shall be discriminated against on the grounds of birth, sex, race, language, religious origin, education, political beliefs, economic position or any other status. There are also provisions in several other laws which prohibit racial discrimination such as in the Penal Code of the Republic of Suriname, specifically the articles 126 sub a, 175, 175 sub a, 176, 176 sub b, 176 sub c and 500 sub a. 20. The definition of discrimination, contained in article 126 sub a of the Penal Code, applies to everyone, taking the principle of equality into consideration. In the articles 175 and 176 of the Penal Code, defamation of persons based on their sexual preference has been criminalized. 21. Article 500 sub a of the Penal Code criminalizes occupational discrimination, including discrimination based on sexual orientation. 22. Article 175 sub a of the Penal Code also prohibits organizations to promote and incite racial discrimination. In the latter article, instigation to hate, discrimination or violence has been criminalized. Constitutional Court 23.
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