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Multi-Perspective Analysis of Drivers of Deforestation, Forest Degradation En

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Multi-Perspective Analysis of Drivers of Deforestation, Forest Degradation En BACKGROUND STUDY FOR REDD+ IN SURINAME: MULTI-PERSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF DRIVERS OF DEFORESTATION, FOREST DEGRADATION AND BARRIERS TO REDD+ ACTIVITIES Strengthening national capacities of Suriname for the elaboration of the national REDD+ strategy and the design of its implementation framework Background study for REDD+ in Suriname: Multi-Perspective Analysis of Drivers of Deforestation, Forest Degradation and Barriers to REDD+ Activities Acknowledgements This report was prepared by the consultancy firm UNIQUE forestry and land use for the National Institute for Environment and Development in Suriname (NIMOS) and the Foundation for Forest Management and Production Control (SBB). The study benefits from collaboration between the consultant team and the staff at SBB, NIMOS and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). We extend our appreciation to all those who contributed their time and knowledge, especially those stakeholders who were consulted during the inception mission and leading up to the validation workshop (see annex 2) and in the national workshop on 8 December 2016. Please cite as follows: NIMOS, SBB and UNIQUE (2017). Background study for REDD+ in Suriname: Multi-perspective analysis of drivers of deforestation, forest degradation and barriers to REDD+ activities. Paramaribo, Suriname. Disclaimer The content of this report does not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of any agency of the Government of Suriname. The purpose of the report is to feed the REDD+ readiness process with background information that will be further analysed and considered when developing the national REDD+ strategy for Suriname. Views and opinions expressed in this report, as well as assumptions made within the analysis, are those of the consultants or their informants and should not be seen as definite facts. The report includes some analysis that is based on preliminary data, since final numbers were not yet available when the work was carried out. Annex 6 includes official numbers for deforestation and land areas for different classes that have since then been validated by SBB. In cases where there is a difference between the analysis and Annex 6, the latter is valid. It can be expected that future research will continue to improve data relevant for this report. Cover photo: The Rosebel Gold Mine (jointly owned by IAMGOLD and the Government of Suriname) in the Brokopondo District TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of contents ........................................................................................................................... 1 List of tables .................................................................................................................................. 4 List of figures ................................................................................................................................. 5 List of maps ................................................................................................................................... 6 List of abbreviations ...................................................................................................................... 7 Executive summary ....................................................................................................................... 9 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 19 2 Approach and methodology .................................................................................................. 22 3 Overview of forests in Suriname ............................................................................................ 24 4 Overview of deforestation and forest degradation ............................................................... 26 5 Proximate drivers, agents and underlying causes ................................................................. 30 5.1 Forestry .......................................................................................................................... 30 5.1.1 Introduction to the sector .................................................................................... 30 5.1.2 Deforestation and forest degradation patterns within the forestry sector ........ 32 5.1.3 Drivers and agents of deforestation and forest degradation .............................. 34 5.2 Mining ............................................................................................................................. 39 5.2.1 Introduction to the sector .................................................................................... 39 5.2.2 Deforestation and forest degradation patterns within the mining sector .......... 47 5.2.3 Impact of mining on GHG emissions .................................................................... 48 5.2.4 Drivers and agents of deforestation and forest degradation .............................. 50 5.3 Agriculture ...................................................................................................................... 52 5.3.1 Introduction to the sector .................................................................................... 52 5.3.2 Deforestation and forest degradation patterns within the sector ...................... 53 5.3.3 Drivers and agents of deforestation and forest degradation .............................. 56 5.4 Cost-benefit analysis ...................................................................................................... 60 5.4.1 Forestry ................................................................................................................ 61 5.4.2 Mining .................................................................................................................. 65 5.4.3 Agriculture ............................................................................................................ 68 5.5 Underlying causes .......................................................................................................... 74 5.5.1 Forestry ................................................................................................................ 74 5.5.2 Mining .................................................................................................................. 79 5.5.3 Agriculture ............................................................................................................ 84 5.5.4 Infrastructure development / road construction ................................................ 90 5.5.5 Summary of underlying causes ............................................................................ 91 6 Projected future deforestation .............................................................................................. 93 6.1 Deforestation risk map ................................................................................................... 93 6.1.1 Infrastructure ....................................................................................................... 95 6.1.2 Mining .................................................................................................................. 96 6.1.3 Forestry ................................................................................................................ 97 6.1.4 Agriculture ............................................................................................................ 98 6.1.5 Urban development ............................................................................................. 98 6.1.6 Energy .................................................................................................................. 98 7 Community perceptions ....................................................................................................... 100 7.1 Methodology and study design .................................................................................... 100 7.2 Context of forest communities..................................................................................... 103 7.3 Results - Community perceptions of drivers of deforestation, forest degradation and barriers to REDD+ ......................................................................................................... 105 7.3.1 Key results from stakeholder consultations....................................................... 105 7.3.2 Key results from surveys .................................................................................... 107 7.3.3 Key results from focus groups ............................................................................ 108 7.4 Results - Communities’ visions for forest in the future ................................................ 108 7.4.1 Key results from stakeholder consultations on visions for forests .................... 108 7.4.2 Key results from focus groups ............................................................................ 109 7.5 Key messages and recommendations .......................................................................... 113 8 Key barriers for REDD+ ......................................................................................................... 115 8.1 Conserving forest carbon stocks .................................................................................. 115 8.2 Sustainable management of forests............................................................................. 118 8.3 Enhancing forest carbon stocks...................................................................................
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