Merian Social Impact Assessment
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Final report Merian Social Impact Assessment 2019 Update FINAL REPORT, Submitted 25/01/2020 TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents ........................................................................................................................................... i List of Figures ................................................................................................................................................ iv List of Tables ................................................................................................................................................. iv Abbreviations and Glossary .......................................................................................................................... vi Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................................ vi Glossary ..................................................................................................................................................... vi Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................................... 1 2 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 4 2.1 Background ................................................................................................................................... 4 2.2 Objectives...................................................................................................................................... 4 2.3 Study Area ..................................................................................................................................... 5 2.4 Maps of the SIA study area ........................................................................................................... 6 2.5 Outline......................................................................................................................................... 13 3 Methods .............................................................................................................................................. 14 3.1 Ethical considerations ................................................................................................................. 14 3.2 Approach ..................................................................................................................................... 15 3.3 Secondary data collection ........................................................................................................... 16 3.4 Primary data collection ............................................................................................................... 16 3.4.1 Community survey .............................................................................................................. 16 3.4.2 Interviews with open ended questions with community members ................................... 16 3.4.3 Interviews with key informant who are not specifically tied to any one community ........ 17 3.5 Data analysis methods ................................................................................................................ 17 2.6 Data sharing and validation ........................................................................................................ 17 4 Pamaka ................................................................................................................................................ 19 4.1 Population and Demographics .................................................................................................... 19 4.1.1 Definitions of permanent and non-permanent households and inhabitants ..................... 19 4.1.2 Permanent inhabitants ....................................................................................................... 19 4.1.3 Non-permanent village inhabitants .................................................................................... 22 4.1.4 Pamaka, other Surinamese and foreigners ......................................................................... 22 4.1.5 Pamaka living outside of the communities along the road to Snesi kondre ...................... 22 4.1.6 Comparing 2010 and present population figures ............................................................... 23 4.2 Migration History ........................................................................................................................ 25 4.2.1 Migratory patterns 1970s to 1992: depopulation of Langa Tabiki and surrounding villages 25 4.2.2 1992 to 2011: New economic opportunities and growing population ............................... 25 4.2.3 2011 to present: collapse of the ASM economy causes outmigration ............................... 26 4.2.4 Reasons for out-migration .................................................................................................. 26 4.3 Vulnerable groups ....................................................................................................................... 28 4.4 Income generating activities ....................................................................................................... 28 4.5 Access to Social Infrastructure, Resources and Services ............................................................ 28 4.5.1 Electricity ............................................................................................................................. 28 4.5.2 Potable water ...................................................................................................................... 29 4.5.3 Sanitation ............................................................................................................................ 30 i 4.5.4 Waste collection and processing ........................................................................................ 30 4.5.5 Police, military, and emergency services ............................................................................ 30 4.6 Health .......................................................................................................................................... 31 4.6.1 Access to health services .................................................................................................... 31 4.6.2 General health concerns ..................................................................................................... 31 4.7 Education and Language ............................................................................................................. 33 4.7.1 Schools ................................................................................................................................ 33 4.7.2 French Guiana ..................................................................................................................... 34 4.7.3 Attendance .......................................................................................................................... 34 4.7.4 Language ............................................................................................................................. 35 5 Transport Corridor .............................................................................................................................. 36 5.1 Population and demographics .................................................................................................... 36 5.2 Migratory patterns ...................................................................................................................... 36 5.3 Income generating activities ....................................................................................................... 38 5.4 Vulnerable groups ....................................................................................................................... 39 5.5 Access to Social Infrastructure, Resources and Services ............................................................ 39 5.5.1 Electricity ............................................................................................................................. 39 5.5.2 Potable water ...................................................................................................................... 39 5.5.3 Sanitation ............................................................................................................................ 39 5.5.4 Waste collection and processing ........................................................................................ 39 5.5.5 Police and emergency services ........................................................................................... 40 5.6 Health .......................................................................................................................................... 40 5.7 Education and Language ............................................................................................................. 40 6 Kawina ................................................................................................................................................. 41 6.1 History and Migration Patterns .................................................................................................. 41 6.2 Population and Demographics .................................................................................................... 42 6.2.1 Economic area use by