sign in sign up
<<
Home , Software as a service

Seminar Report

On

CLOUD

Submitted by:

Arpit Rawat Roll No: UE7308 CSE 7Th Sem

1

INDEX

Content Page No.

Introduction 3

History 5

Layers of computing 7

Architecture 9

Cloud 10

Types of cloud 10

Essential characteristics of cloud 12

Advantages of 13

Multi-tenancy 13

Features of Multi-tenancy 14

Disadvantages of cloud computing 15

Need for change of present scenario 15

Silicon valley towards cloud computing 16

Google towards cloud computing 17

Microsoft towards cloud computing 18

Apple towards cloud computing 18

Future scope 19

2

INTRODUCTION

Cloud computing is an emerging computing technology that uses the internet and central remote servers to maintain data and applications. Cloud computing allows consumers and businesses to use applications without installation and access their personal files at any computer with internet access. This technology allows for much more efficient computing by centralizing storage, memory, processing and bandwidth.

In other words is the provision of dynamically scalable and often virtualized resources over the Internet on a utility basis. It͛s services often provide common business applications online that are accessed from a , while the and data are stored on the servers.

The term cloud is used as a metaphor for the Internet, based on how the Internet is depicted in diagrams and is an abstraction of the underlying infrastructure it conceals.

A technical definition is "a computing capability that provides an abstraction between the computing resource and its underlying technical architecture (e.g., servers, storage, networks), enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction."

3

Most cloud computing infrastructures consist of services delivered through common centers and built on servers. Clouds often appear as single points of access for consumers' computing needs. Commercial offerings are generally expected to meet quality of service requirements of customers, and typically include service level agreements (SLAs). The major cloud service providers include , Amazon and .[10][11] Some of the larger IT firms that are actively involved in cloud computing are , , Hewlett Packard,[12] IBM,[13] VMware, NetApp and Dell.

Courtsey : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_computing

4

HISTORY

The Cloud is a term that borrows from telephony. Up to the 1990s, data circuits (including those that carried Internet traffic) were hard-wired between destinations. Subsequently, long-haul telephone companies began offering Virtual Private Network (VPN) service for data communications. Telephone companies were able to offer VPN-based services with the same guaranteed bandwidth as fixed circuits at a lower cost because they could switch traffic to balance utilization as they saw fit, thus utilizing their overall network bandwidth more effectively. As a result of this arrangement, it was impossible to determine in advance precisely which paths the traffic would be routed over. The term "telecom cloud" was used to describe this type of networking, and cloud computing is conceptually somewhat similar.

In 1999, Salesforce.com was established by Marc Benioff, Parker Harris, and their associates. They applied many technologies developed by companies such as Google and Yahoo! to business applications. They also provided the concepts of "on demand" and SaaS with their real business and successful customers. The key for SaaS is that it is customizable by customers with limited technical support required. Business users have enthusiastically welcomed the resulting flexibility and speed.

In the early 2000s, Microsoft extended the concept of SaaS through the development of web services. IBM detailed these concepts in 2001 in the Autonomic Computing Manifesto, which described advanced automation techniques such as self-monitoring, self-healing, self-configuring, and self-

5

optimizing in the management of complex IT systems with heterogeneous storage, servers, applications, networks, security mechanisms, and other system elements that can be virtualized across an enterprise.

Amazon played a key role in the development of cloud computing by modernizing their data centers after the dot-com bubble which, like most computer networks, were using as little as 10% of their capacity at any one time just to leave room for occasional spikes. Having found that the new cloud architecture resulted in significant internal efficiency improvements whereby, small, fast-moving "two- pizza teams" could add new features faster and easier, Amazon started providing access to their systems through on a utility computing basis in 2005.

In 2007, Google, IBM, and a number of universities embarked on a large scale cloud computing research project.[25] By mid-2008, Gartner saw an opportunity for cloud computing "to shape the relationship among consumers of IT services, those who use IT services and those who sell them", and observed that "organizations are switching from company-owned hardware and software assets to per-use service-based models" so that the "projected shift to cloud computing ... will result in dramatic growth in IT products in some areas and in significant reductions in other areas."

6

LAYERS OF CLOUD COMPUTING

1) Clients 2) Application 3) Platform 4) Infrastructure 5) Servers

Courtsey : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_computing

7

Client: A cloud client consists of and/or computer software which relies on cloud computing for application delivery, or which is specifically designed for delivery of cloud services and which, in either case, is essentially useless without it. For example: Mobile (Android, iPhone, Windows Mobile) Thick client / Web browser (Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome, WebKit)

Application: A cloud application leverages cloud computing in , often eliminating the need to install and run the application on the customer's own computer, thus alleviating the burden of , ongoing operation, and support. For example: y Web applications (Facebook, Twitter, YouTube) y Software as a service (Google Apps, Salesforce) y Software plus services (Microsoft Online Services)

Platform: A cloud platform (PaaS) delivers a computing platform and/or solution stack as a service, generally consuming cloud infrastructure and supporting cloud applications. It facilitates deployment of applications without the cost and

8

complexity of buying and managing the underlying hardware and software layers. For example: y Services

o Payments (Amazon Flexible Payments Service, PayPal)

o Search (Alexa, Google Custom Search, Yahoo! BOSS)

o Python Django ()

o File storage (, Nirvanix, Files)

1) Infrastructure

Cloud infrastructure (IaaS) is the delivery of computer infrastructure, typically a platform environment, as a service. For example: y Compute (Amazon CloudWatch, RightScale)

o Virtual machines (Amazon EC2, GoGrid, Rackspace Cloud Servers)

o OS-level virtualisation

2) Servers: The servers layer consists of computer hardware and/or computer software products which are specifically and solely designed for the delivery of cloud services. For example: y HP Bladesystem Matrix y Fabric computing (Cisco UCS)

9

CLOUD

The term cloud is used as a metaphor for the internet, based on how the internet is depicted in computer network diagram and is an abstraction of the underlying infrastructure it conceals.

TYPES OF CLOUD

1) Private cloud 2) Public cloud 3) Hybrid cloud

Courtsey : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_computing

10

Private cloud:

Private cloud and internal cloud are neologisms that some vendors have recently used to describe offerings that emulate cloud computing on private networks. These (typically virtualization automation) products claim to "deliver some benefits of cloud computing without the pitfalls", capitalizing on data security, corporate governance, and reliability concerns. They have been criticized on the basis that users "still have to buy, build, and manage them" and as such do not benefit from lower up- front capital costs and less hands-on management, essentially "[lacking] the economic model that makes cloud computing such an intriguing concept".

While an analyst predicted in 2008 that private cloud networks would be the future of corporate IT, there is some uncertainty whether they are a reality even within the same firm. Analysts also claim that within five years a "huge percentage" of small and medium enterprises will get most of their computing resources from external cloud computing providers as they "will not have economies of scale to make it worth staying in the IT business" or be able to afford private clouds. Analysts have reported on Platform's view that private clouds are a stepping stone to external clouds, particularly for the financial services, and that future datacenters will look like internal clouds.

11

Public cloud:

Public cloud or external cloud describes cloud computing in the traditional mainstream sense, whereby resources are dynamically provisioned on a fine-grained, self-service basis over the Internet, via web applications/web services, from an off-site third-party provider who shares resources and bills on a fine-grained utility computing basis.

Hybrid cloud:

A hybrid cloud environment consisting of multiple internal and/or external providers "will be typical for most enterprises". A hybrid cloud can describe configuration combining a local device, such as a with cloud services. It can also describe configurations combining virtual and physical, collocated assetsͶfor example, a mostly virtualized environment that requires physical servers, routers, or other hardware such as a network appliance acting as a or spam filter.

Essential characteristics of Cloud

1) On-Demand self service 2) Broad network access 3) Resource pooling

12

4) Rapid elasticity 5) Measured service

Advantages of Cloud Computing

1) Storage 2) Cost 3) Energy conservation 4) Environment friendly 5) Multi-tenancy 6) Reliability 7) Mobility 8) No Downloads 9) Shared Resources

13

MULTI ʹTENANCY

Multi Tenancy refers to a principle where a single instance of the software runs on a server, serving multiple client organizations (tenants). With multi tenancy software is designed to virtually partition its data and configuration so that each client organization works with a customized virtual application instance.

FEATURES OF MULTI-TENANCY

Cost Savings:

An application instance usually incurs a certain amount of memory and processing overhead which can be substantial when multiplied by many customers,

14

especially if the customers are small. Multi-tenancy reduces this overhead by amortizing it over many customers.

Data Aggregation/Data Mining

One of the most compelling reasons for vendors/ISVs to utilize multi-tenancy is for the inherent data aggregation benefits. Instead of collecting data from multiple data sources, with potentially different schemas, all data for all customers is stored in a single database schema. Thus, running queries across customers, mining data, and looking for trends is much simpler.

Complexity

Because of the additional customization complexity and the need to maintain per- tenant metadata, multitenant applications require a larger development effort.

Release Management

Multi-tenancy simplifies the release management process. In a traditional release management process, packages containing code and database changes are distributed to client desktop and/or server machines. These packages then have to be installed on each individual machine. With the multi-tenant model, the package typically only needs to be installed on a single server. This greatly simplifies the release management process.

15

Disadvantages of Cloud Computing 1) Internet connectivity 2) Network down 3) Security is in hands of third party 4) Cloud host disappears

Need for change of present Internet scenario

Present internet scenario is based on the concept that there are a number of servers on which all the data is stored and the clients all over the world are talking to them. But imagine a situation in which the amount of data exceeds the capacity of these servers. Plus the more the data on the server the slower the server runs. To solve these problems is introduced.

Cloud computing is based on the concept that there will be a cloud on which all of the data will be there and the clients round the globe will talk to it. The capacity of cloud servers is more than anyone can imagine. Plus there will be no repetition of the data. All this plus the speed won͛t be affected because there will not be load on any one server.

As the and the data are going to increase exponentially cloud computing which provides more elasticity than the current internet scenario will prove worthwhile.

16

SILICON VALLEY TOWARDS CLOUD COMPUTING

Silicon Valley is the southern part of the San Francisco Bay Area in Northern California, United States. It is the leading high-tech hub because of its large number of engineers and venture capitalists.

Courtesy ʹ http://www.executiveofficespace.net/siliconvalley.jpg

Most of the leading companies such as Google, Apple, Microsoft, IBM have already sensed that advantages of cloud computing and have taken their first step towards it.

GOOGLE TOWARDS CLOUD COMPUTING

Google has raised its first step towards cloud computing. In January 2010 it is launching gOS CLOUD which is the first ever cloud computing . gOS Cloud is a operating system in which there is just a browser. It takes just a few seconds to boot and then the browser cum OS opens. This OS cum browser is 17

connected to the cloud. You just open the gOS Cloud and get whatever you need from the cloud just on the click of a button.

Courtesy : http://images.tothetech.com/2008/12/gos-cloud.jpg

Microsoft towards Cloud Computing

With the upcoming concept of cloud computing Microsoft fears that it͛s existence could suffer. With Google providing the operating system for cloud computing the monopoly of Google is for sure. Although Microsoft is working hard to avoid this situation. It is coming with platform which offers an intuitive, reliable and powerful platform for the creation of web applications and services.

18

The Windows Azure platform is comprised of Windows Azure: an operating system as a service; SQL Azure: a fully relational database in the cloud; and .NET Services: consumable web-based services that provide both secure connectivity and federated access control for applications.

Currently in Community Technology Preview (CTP), the services are free to evaluate through January 2010. We will begin charging customers on February 1st, 2010.

Apple towards Cloud Computing

Apple one of the largest computer technology company has launched new web based application on its website www.iwork.com as their first step towards cloud computing.

It is planning to allow users to create and edit documents, spreadsheets and presentations online, and store them on central servers that can then be accessed from any computer. The program converts the iWork document into a number of cross-platform formats for sharing files with Windows colleagues, including PDF and MS Word.

FUTURE SCOPE

The next generation computing will surely be cloud computing. As the amount of data a user have is going to increase exponentially and when multiplied by the total population the world the total amount of data will go on beyond the handling limit of internet servers present right now. Thus to control this scenario cloud computing is introduced. Every bit of data that any user requires will be

19

available on the cloud. You just need a slim laptop which will connect you to the cloud and then you can access any data you like.

Information technology is changing rapidly, and now forms an invisible layer that increasingly touches every aspect of our lives. Power grids, traffic control, healthcare, water supplies, food and energy, along with most of the world's financial transactions, now depend on information technology. An emerging IT delivery model-cloud computing-can significantly reduce IT costs & complexities while improving workload optimization and service delivery. Cloud computing is massively scalable, provides a superior user experience, and is characterized by new, internet-driven economics.

REFERNCES

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_computing

http://www.authorstream.com/CloudComputing

http:// www.ibm.com/ibm/cloud/

www.infosys.com/research/publications/Documents/cloud-computing.pdf

20