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UNIVERSITEIT GENT FACULTEIT ECONOMIE EN BEDRIJFSKUNDE ACADEMIEJAAR 2009 – 2010 Software as a Service: Study and Analysis of SaaS Business Model and Innovation Ecosystems Masterproef voorgedragen tot het bekomen van de graad van Master in de Toegepaste Economische Wetenschappen: Handelsingenieur Inna Churakova Ramilja Mikhramova onder leiding van Prof. Dr. Ir. F. Gielen Prof. Dr. B.Clarysse UNIVERSITEIT GENT FACULTEIT ECONOMIE EN BEDRIJFSKUNDE ACADEMIEJAAR 2009 – 2010 Software as a Service: Study and Analysis of SaaS Business Model and Innovation Ecosystems Masterproef voorgedragen tot het bekomen van de graad van Master in de Toegepaste Economische Wetenschappen: Handelsingenieur Inna Churakova Ramilja Mikhramova onder leiding van Prof. Dr. Ir. F. Gielen Prof. Dr. B.Clarysse Permission The authors hereby grant Ghent University the right to make this master thesis available for consultation. The reader is granted the right to copy parts of this master thesis for personal use only, explicitly mentioning the source when referring to the contents of this master thesis. Redistribution or publication of this document, partly or entirely, in any form, with or without modification, without prior written approval of both authors, is forbidden. Neither the name of the SinYate project nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products, unless explicitly approved by both authors in writing. Inna Churakova Ramilja Mikhramova June 2010 June 2010 i Acknowledgments Inna Churakova I would like to thank the initiator and the most fervent supporter of this work, our thesis promoter Prof. PhD. Eng. Frank Gielen, who gave us this opportunity and possibility not only to discover the business potential of software, but also to taste the entrepreneurial challenge through the iBoot contest. This work was only possible thank to the input of multiple business and academic professionals: Filip Tersago, Dirk Schaele, Joren De Wachter, David Geens, Angelo Vella, Will Baccich, Simon Small, Rich Walker, Jeff Bell, Rudi Geiger, Mike Warren, Chris Sterbenck and Mansour Salame. All of them provided us with insights on dissimilarities between theoretical and operational practices, which constitute the fundamentals of our work. In addition, special thank goes to my thesis partner for her straightforward and honest opinion, critical view, infinite patience and eternal friendship. Ramilja Mikhramova First of all I would like to thank our thesis supervisor Prof. PhD. Eng. Frank Gielen for the given opportunity to dive into the fascinated world of cloud computing in general and SaaS in particular and to experience the entrepreneurial spirit during the iBoot challenging event. The person, whom I am undeniably grateful to for her willingness to work on this master thesis together, is my thesis partner Inna. Without her critical view, open mind, great patience, continuous support and invaluable friendship, it would not be possible to realize such a great job. In addition, I would like to thank everyone who contributed to this thesis with valuable information, feedback and support. Finally, a special thank goes to my family who gave me the opportunity to accomplish the studies and to achieve one of the postulated goals. ii Samenvatting (Dutch Summary) Uit talrijk aantal bestaande omschrijvingen van Software Het eerder vermeld voordeel, met name één-op-veel aangeboden als een Service (SaaS), wordt volgende distributiemogelijkheid van SaaS, is grotendeels te wijten definitie geformuleerd waarin alle SaaS kenmerkende aan onderliggende meerlagige infrastructuur en elementen geconcentreerd zijn: SaaS is een business volgroeidheid van de onderliggende applicatie. model, dat in combinatie met concepten als IaaS Onder financieel luik vallen kostenstructuur en (Infrastructuur aangeboden als een Service) en PaaS opbrengstgenererende activiteiten. Eerste element omvat (Platform aangeboden als een Service) het aanbod van een alle kosten (initiële investeringen in infrastructuur en applicatie via een intern (Intranet) of een extern (Internet) hardware, onderzoek en ontwikkeling, verkoop en netwerk toelaat, waarbij klanten per gebruik, of op basis marketing kosten, etc.) om SaaS diensten te kunnen van een andere subscriptie mechanismen, gefactureerd leveren aan de eindgebruiker. Tweede element, is niet worden, en waar één-op-meer principe geldt. enkel beperkt tot inkomsten uit intekening gebaseerde Het oorspronkelijke idee van het concept, waarbij software mechanismen, maar bevat ook inkomstmogelijkheden uit als een dienst via een netwerk aangeboden wordt, is van ondersteunende diensten, onderzoek en ontwikkeling, Dhr. John McCarthy en dateert van 1960. Echter, marktstudie rapporten en reclame. Terwijl SaaS werkelijke realisatie was slecht mogelijk mits leveranciers met hoge initiële kosten geconfronteerd ontwikkeling van de ondersteunende technologieën, dat worden, zijn de opbrengsten verspreid over langere slechts in de jaren negentig doorbraken. Niettemin werd periode en zijn ze relatief lager (vergeleken met het succes ervan belemmerd doordat verspreiding ervan op traditioneel model), wat veroorzaakt dat SaaS bedrijven één-op-één principe gebaseerd was. Namelijk, voor elke tijdens startende periode hoge nood aan liquide middelen gebruiker werd een unieke en/of een aparte toepassing ervaren. ontwikkeld, dat het realiseren van schaal effecten en Het ecosysteem rond SaaS business model wordt andere voordelen van SaaS, verhinderde. Wat SaaS uniek gedefinieerd als een complexe set relaties tussen alle inter- maakt, is vervat in de mogelijkheid om meerdere agerende partijen (dienstverleners, gebruikers, gebruikers aan één platform te kunnen koppelen. ontwikkelaars, etc.) dat als één systeem functioneert met SaaS business model wordt beschreven gebruik makend virtuele en fysische omgeving. Analyse ervan wordt van het raamwerk van Dr. Osterwalder, dat uit volgende uitgevoerd aan de hand van de Porter‘s vijf krachten samenstellende en inter-agerende delen bestaat: (1) offer, model. De bedreiging van substituten, met name van dat een meerwaarde voor een klant creëert; (2) klant, dat traditionele licentie verkopers, ASP-, Software+Services klanten relatie, -segmentatie en distributie kanalen dienstverleners, kan als aanzienlijk groot worden inhoudt; (3) infrastructuur gedeelte, dat het verschaffen beschouwd, afhankelijk van het type substituut. Macht van van service toelaat mits collaboraties, strategische activa de leveranciers (bv. PaaS of IaaS leveranciers) is beperkt en -bedrijvigheid; en (4) financiële zijde, waarbij omwille van sterke groei binnen de industrie. Klanten opbrengsten en kosten tegen elkaar worden afgewogen. krijgen bevoorrechte positie binnen SaaS omgeving (door Meerwaarde dat SaaS diensten voor de klant creëren, lage omschakelingskosten zijn klanten niet gebonden aan verschillen in functie van het type klant. KMO‘s worden één leverancier, in tegenstelling tot de traditionele licentie getypeerd als bedrijven met kleine IT budgetten, waarbij opzet), waardoor sterke afnemersmacht wordt gecreëerd. men zoveel mogelijk op hoofdactiviteiten focust, en niet De interne bedrijfstak concurrentie varieert tussen gerelateerde activiteiten uitbesteedt. In dit geval bestaat de middelmatig en hoog, sterk afhankelijk van welk waarde propositie uit lagere totale kosten, voorspelbare IT subsegment binnen SaaS aanbod men in beschouwing uitgaven, snellere implementatie en gebruik van expertise neemt. Bedreiging van nieuwe markttoetreders wordt van de dienstverlenende partij. In tegenstelling tot KMO afgezwakt door hoge toetredingsbarrières (voornamelijk waarbij men interne IT afdeling volledig probeert te hoge initiële investeringen, operationele en structurele vervangen, worden SaaS diensten binnen grotere uitdagingen). ondernemingen complementair aan bestaande services. Dit Voor de analyse van voor- en nadelen wordt een laat grote bedrijven toe om te focussen op strategische vergelijkende studie van de meest recente SaaS uitdagingen binnen IT afdeling, terwijl ondersteunende industrierapporten opgesteld, waarbij zowel standpunt van functies (bv. e-mail) op een kostefficiënte manier worden de klant als van de leverancier wordt toegelicht. Voordelen uitbesteed. die ten gunste van de klant komen, zijn: ontbreken van of Aangezien binnen SaaS, diensten via een netwerk of lagere investeringskosten en snelle implementatie online aangeboden worden, is de aanpak bij het benaderen, procedure, met vervolgens continue (software) segmenteren en verschaffen van de klanten anders dan in vernieuwing. Als nadeel lopen de klanten nog steeds het het traditionele opzet, waarbij volledige software pakket risico van verlies van informatie doordat data buiten het en daaraan gebonden licentie verkocht worden. bedrijf opgeslagen wordt. Voor de SaaS leverancier zijn Daarnaast is de klantenstrategie in functie van de grootte, schaaleffecten en groter bereik van potentiële klanten de gewicht of belang van de klant. De meest gebruikte grootste troeven. Echter, grote initiële investeringen, trage aanpak is waarbij kleinere klanten telefonisch of via online opbrengsten groei en grotere behoefte aan liquide kanalen worden onderhouden; terwijl grotere klanten middelen maken dit model minder aantrekkelijk. direct met verkoopspersoon communiceren. In dit werk voorgestelde theoretische raamwerk wordt toegepast op SinYate initiatief, dat testing diensten voor mobiele applicaties op SaaS basis aanbiedt. iii Table of Contents Samenvatting (Dutch Summary) ................................................................................................
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