Visionary Thinking
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fo012010 the Utopia issue FO/futureorientation #1 2010 Copenhagen Institute for Futures Studies Instituttet for Fremtidsforskning Visionary thinking Orwell Was a Pessimist Nudging utopia The World According to Fresco Utopian Spaces DESIGNED BY JACQUE FRESCO, WWW.THEVENUSPROJECT.COM A vision is to a business as a lighthouse is to a ship at sea – a signpost and a guideline for futu- re direction. A utopia can be roughly the same thing, albeit on quite another scale. A utopia describes a future society that is substantially different from the present. Thus, it distinguishes itself from a vision in its magnitude and in its radical nature Page 10 DESIGNED BY JACQUE FRESCO, WWW.THEVENUSPROJECT.COM fo#01 2010 www.iff.dk/FO EDITORIAL Utopia Utopia comes from Greek. U = ‘no’ + topos = ‘place’, so Nudging is a matter of providing “small, gentle nudges” ‘utopia’ means a non-existing place.1 ”This is utopian,” we in the right direction without making us really notice it. say, meaning that something is farfetched and unrealis This is achieved by designing and organizing our sur tic. In this way, the concept of utopia has become part of roundings to influence our behaviour in a certain way. It our daily language and influences the way we think. is worth learning about this method regardless of which However, it is worth noting that utopias are not always medium you want to influence behaviour through e.g. unrealistic, nor does the original meaning of the word design. However, as usual, the question remains: What imply they should be. On occasion, they could easily be is the ‘right’ direction? What is the right behaviour? realized, if we could just agree to do so. In his article Here, too, the readers must decide for themselves. For, “The Difference Between Utopias and Visions – and the as with surveillance technologies, it is the intended goal Fear of the Totalitarian Nature of the Utopia”, on page when using nudging that must be debated. 9, Martin Kruse writes about the realistic utopia, and in There is much more about utopias in this issue of FO, particular the origin of the utopia in the history of ideas. which also offers a number of interesting contributi Read it to learn more about what a utopia really is. ons outside of the theme. Read, for instance, the first Perhaps the modern interpretation of the word ‘uto part of an article series by CIFS’s Nestor, Johan Peter pia’ is to blame when the Renaissance man and futurist Paludan, about future strategy in the present (page 53). Jacque Fresco says in the article on page 15 that he Or read the business philosopher Morten Paustian’s doesn’t want to call his life work, The Venus Project, a article “Visionary Thinking”, page 61, which uses Hans utopia. However, this visionary idea of a future society Christian Andersen’s character Clumsy Hans to take us has many characteristics in common with the utopia. As on a philosophical trip to recreate “the fairy tale in our Nikolina OlsenRude points out in her article, page 37, lives”. Happy reading! the word utopia carries a double meaning, since in Greek it can mean both the good place (eutopia) and the non In conclusion, I can inform you that right now you are existing place (outopia). A good place is precisely what reading the last issue of FO/Futureorientation in its old Fresco has devoted his life to describing and fighting form. We are on the street again in May with a big dou for. Read more about his ideas in the article and see the ble issue (#23), marking the shift to a brand new FO. futuristic photos of the project that Fresco and his wife, Among other things, the magazine will get a new design, Roxanne Meadows, have kindly allowed us to print. and we will move from publishing thematic issues to The flip side of the utopia is the dystopia. One of the writing about different themes and subjects in each bestknown fictional dystopias is the classic George issue under the headings Orwell novel Nineteen Eighty-Four, written in 1948. Klaus Æ. Mogensen deals with this novel in two articles DEVELOPMENT · VISIONS · IDEAS · TRENDS. in this FO, ”Orwell Was a Pessimist” and ”Orwell Was an Optimist”. As the sharp reader may have figured out, I am looking forward to presenting you with the new you can – depending on your viewpoint – argue that our format. presentday society is both far better and far worse than the future society Orwell describes in his book. Has the Morten Grønborg, nightmare of Big Brother from the novel become a rea Editor lity today? Has the surveillance society won? Read the articles and decide for yourself. The relationship between utopias and dystopias is inte resting. What is a paradise to some will be hell to others. History has taught us that people are simply different and that we can’t formulate a single, universal idea of ‘the good society’ or ‘the good life’ that will satidfy every body. It is hence interesting when the three philosophers Kyle Whyte, Evan Selinger and Søren Riis, the latter an associated researcher at CIFS, discuss the phenomenon notes of nudging in their article Nudging Utopia (page 29). 1 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utopia fo#01 2010 www.iff.dk/FO 5 CONTENTS THEME: UTOPIA EDITORIAL characterized by complex structures and globalization, it is easier to BY MORTEN GRØNBORG .............................................................5 speak of individual responsibility than of a common dream, which we all must struggle to realize THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN UTOPIAS AND VISIOns – AND THE FEAR OF THE TotaLItaRIAN NatuRE OF THE UTOPIA UTOPIANS - OUR CLOSEST COLLEAGUES? BY MARTIN KRUSE .......................................................................9 BY JOHAN PETER PALUDAN ......................................................46 What is the difference between a utopia and a vision? What is the origin of the utopia in the history of ideas? And what role does futures studies play in it all? Take the time to read Martin Kruse’s OUTSIDE OF THEME: article and get wiser NINE TRENDS AND NINE INVENTIONS THat WILL SHAPE THE WORLD ACCORDING TO FRESCO THE faCE OF THE 21ST CENTURY BY MORTEN GRØNBORG ...........................................................15 BY MARCEL BULLINGA ...............................................................49 With The Venus Project, 93-year-old Jacque Fresco, a multi-discipli- Nine trends and nine inventions will shape the face of the 21st cen- narian and futurist, has created an all-encompassing alternative to tury. They will have a similar impact on our lives as the car, the TV the society we live in today. Fresco recently visited Copenhagen as and the airplane had on the lives of our parents. Take a sneak peak part of the event COP Kreativ, where he talked about designing the at Marcel Bullingas upcoming book Futurecheck future. If you weren’t near Copenhagen, or if you happened to miss his lecture, you can read here about his ideas of how we can create FUTURE STRatEGY IN THE PRESENT – PaRT 1 a better world BY JOHAN PETER PALUDAN ......................................................53 The historian and the futurist can be said to study two sides of the ORWELL WaS AN OPTIMIST same matter, specifically the present, writes Johan Peter Paludan in BY KLAUS Æ MOGENSEN:..........................................................20 this first article about the phenomenon of futures studies and its role “Big Brother is watching.” This is how George Orwell described in organizational and strategic planning the surveillance society in Nineteen Eighty-Four. The novel depicts a dystopian society where the state closely watches everyone and VISIONARY THINKING strikes down hard on any activity that can be viewed as subversive. – A philOSOPHICAL TRIP WITH CLUMSY HANS ‘Big Brother’ often shows up as a grim spectre in contemporary BY MORTEN PAUSTIAN ...............................................................61 debates about surveillance, but reality is actually surpassing fiction: Thoughts aren’t just isolated in the human skull, but contain im- We are under surveillance everywhere, often without being aware of pulses with ideas that fly around among other people. The thoughts it, and the information collected about us is kept for years and may vibrate out in the world and attempt to guide people forward to be used against us. Hence, Orwell could be seen as an optimist each other, so that encounters and events can become inspiring transactions ORWELL WaS A PESSIMIST BY KLAUS Æ MOGENSEN:..........................................................24 “Big Brother is watching.” This is how George Orwell described FO/futureorientation is published by Copenhagen Institute for Futures Studies the surveillance society in Nineteen Eighty-Four. The novel depicts (CIFS), Norre Farimagsgade 65, DK-1364 Copenhagen K. Tel. +45 3311 a dystopian society where the state closely watches everyone and 7176, [email protected], www.cifs.dk, www.fo-online.dk strikes down hard on any activity that can be viewed as subversive. EdITOR: Morten Grønborg (responsible under Danish press law), [email protected] ‘Big Brother’ often shows up as a grim spectre in contemporary INTERNATIONAL EdITOR: Klaus Æ. Mogensen, [email protected] debates about surveillance, but reality isn’t as bad as the fiction: We SECRETARIAT: Ellen Mauri, [email protected] may be watched everywhere, but we can remain calm, because the ENGLISH ADAPTATION: Klaus Æ. Mogensen, [email protected] surveillance is there to protect us. Orwell was a pessimist LAYOUT: Karina Bjerregaard ILLUSTRATIONS: Jacque Fresco, www.thevenusproject.com NUDGING UTOPIA COVER: Portrait of Jacque Fresco. www.thevenusproject.com and Karina BY SØREN RIIS ............................................................................29 Bjerregaard The Nudge technology can lead to better design, more desirable behaviour and a better world … all without your noticing it. The SUBSCRIPTION 2010: 270 EURO plus shipping (20 EURO in Europe and 30 EURO in the rest of the world). The price includes two printed copies and method is based on the fact that human beings are far less rational online access.