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978 1 78904 186 6 Degrowth in Movement(S) What people are saying about Degrowth in Movement(s) Moving beyond the growth economy needs a movement of movements. This is an excellent anthology, establishing a much needed dialogue between the different groups struggling for a good life for all within planetary limits. Giorgos Kallis, author of Degrowth (2018) and co-editor of Degrowth: A Vocabulary for a New Era (2014) How to get beyond the Green Economy? This rich account of the global degrowth alliance, in all its socio-ecological dimensions - horizontal and prefigurative - shows us how. Give this book to your neighbours and friends - and let degrowth grow! Ariel Salleh, author of From Eco-Sufficiency to Global Justice (2009) Everyone knows the years ahead will be challenging, but they can also be filled with the praxis of hope. In writing a rich guide for how to change the world these chapters have, for some of their authors, been a process of metamorphosis. The same can be true for you. Think of this book as a flint. Find some friends, read it, and use it to spark your own transformations. Raj Patel, co-author of A History of the World in Seven Cheap Things (2017) As many struggle to imagine worlds shaped by desires other than economic growth, this collection shows that multiform pathways are possible, and already in practice. The pluriversal approach supports readers to learn with wildly diverse initiatives and ideas. Susan Paulson, editor of Degrowth: Culture, Power and Change (2017). Degrowth in Movement(s) This is a powerfully important topic to engage. Physics and chemistry are indicating that we’re going to have to inhabit this planet differently - here are some ideas on how we might do that. Bill McKibben, author and activist with 350.org Degrowth in Movement(s) Exploring pathways for transformation Degrowth in Movement(s) Exploring pathways for transformation Edited by Corinna Burkhart, Matt hias Schmelzer and Nina Treu Winchester, UK Washington, USA First published by Zero Books, 2020 Zero Books is an imprint of John Hunt Publishing Ltd., No. 3 East St., Alresford, Hampshire SO24 9EE, UK [email protected] www.johnhuntpublishing.com www.zero-books.net For distributor details and how to order please visit the ‘Ordering’ section on our website. Text copyright: Corinna Burkhart, Matthias Schmelzer and Nina Treu 2019 ISBN: 978 1 78904 186 6 978 1 78904 187 3 (ebook) Library of Congress Control Number: 2019903217 All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations in critical articles or reviews, no part of this book may be reproduced in any manner without prior written permission from the publishers. The rights of Corinna Burkhart, Matthias Schmelzer and Nina Treu as editors have been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Design: Stuart Davies UK: Printed and bound by CPI Group (UK) Ltd, Croydon, CR0 4YY US: Printed and bound by Thomson-Shore, 7300 West Joy Road, Dexter, MI 48130 We operate a distinctive and ethical publishing philosophy in all areas of our business, from our global network of authors to production and worldwide distribution. Contents Preface Donatella della Porta 1 Foreword Barbara Muraca 4 Introduction: Degrowth and the Emerging Mosaic of Alternatives Corinna Burkhart, Matthias Schmelzer and Nina Treu 9 Chapter 1 The Growth Imperative of Capitalist Society Eric Pineault 29 Chapter 2 15M: Strategies, Critique and Autonomous Spaces Eduard Nus 44 Chapter 3 Artivism: Injecting Imagination into Degrowth John Jordan 59 Chapter 4 Basic Income: Unconditional Social Security for All Ronald Blaschke 73 Chapter 5 Buen Vivir: A Perspective for Rethinking the World Alberto Acosta 87 Chapter 6 Care Revolution: Care Work – The Core of the Economy Matthias Neumann and Gabriele Winker 100 Chapter 7 Climate Justice: Global Resistance to Fossil-Fueled Capitalism Tadzio Müller 114 Chapter 8 Commons: Self-organized Provisioning as Social Movements Johannes Euler and Leslie Gauditz 128 Chapter 9 Degrowth: Overcoming Growth, Competition and Profit Corinna Burkhart, Dennis Eversberg, Matthias Schmelzer and Nina Treu 143 Chapter 10 Demonetize: The Problem is Money Andrea*s Exner, Justin Morgan, Franz Nahrada, Anitra Nelson, Christian Siefkes 159 Chapter 11 Ecovillages: Living Degrowth as a Community Christiane Kliemann 172 Chapter 12 Food Sovereignty: Fighting for Good Food for All Irmi Salzer and Julianna Fehlinger 187 Chapter 13 Free-Software: Re-decentralizing the Internet and Developing Commons Gualter Barbas Baptista 201 Chapter 14 Open Workshops: Collectively Creating and Using Infrastructure Tom Hansing 216 Chapter 15 Peoples Global Action: (Truly) Global Grassroots Resistance Friederike Habermann 231 Chapter 16 Post-Extractivism: Against the Exploitation of Natural Resources Ulrich Brand 244 Chapter 17 Radical Ecological Democracy: Reflections from the South on Degrowth Ashish Kothari 258 Chapter 18 Refugee Movement: Struggling with Migration and Escape Olaf Bernau 272 Chapter 19 Solidarity Economy: Paths to Transformation Dagmar Embshoff, Clarita Müller-Plantenberg and Giuliana Giorgi 287 Chapter 20 Transition Initiatives: How Communities Start Their Own Transformation Gesa Maschkowski, Stephanie Ristig-Bresser, Silvia Hable, Norbert Rost and Michael Schem 302 Chapter 21 Trade Unions: Who Can Afford to Degrow? Jana Flemming and Norbert Reuter 318 Chapter 22 Urban Gardening: Searching New Relationships Between Nature and Culture Christa Müller 333 Preface Donatella della Porta (Scuola Normale Superiore) Neoliberalism and its crises (especially visible after the financial turmoil which started in 2008) have deeply affected social movements, challenging citizens’ rights, in their civic, political and social forms. As market liberalization has been accompanied by illiberal political tendencies, traditional forms of associations have been weakened and channels for protests restricted, while societal ties and values of solidarity have been disrupted. However, we find ourselves in what the Italian political thinker Antonio Gramsci called an Interregnum, as the old is dying and the new is not born yet, various forms of resistance have developed, being at times successful in contrasting neoliberal tendencies. Progressive social movements have adapted to new challenges but also actively defied them, transforming their structures, practices and cultural message along the way. The Great Recession has indeed prompted defensive counter- movements, oriented to re-instating old rights, but also anti- systemic movements, challenging capitalism altogether. New protest waves have adopted fluid organizational structures, invented new repertoires of contention and invested in identity work, trying to connect various struggles and their main actors. Claims for social justice have been bridged with claims for recognition in the re-emergence of broad visions of problems and solutions. Degrowth in movement(s) contributes to the resistance against neoliberalism in different ways. First, Degrowth in movement(s) recognizes that the degrowth world is in transformation. De-growth is defined as an emerging movement that brings together alternative economies, building a society that aims at the well-being for all and ecological 1 Degrowth in Movement(s) sustainability. The economic and then political and social crises have made thinking about economic alternatives as well as experimenting with these alternatives all the more relevant. At the same time, as the anti-austerity protest spread, involving a broad social coalition of the affected, this has brought about a need for different forms of organization, repertoires of actions and frames. Reacting to the consequences of the economic crisis on the everyday life of the citizens, specific social practices (such as squats, housing occupations, self-managed schools and solidarity clinics) have been oriented to directly produce effects through activities like fair trade shops, anti-sweatshop campaigns, eco-villages and transition towns, slow food initiatives and community sustained agricultural practices, solidarity. Purchasing groups have all spread during the crisis as grassroots practices of resilience and resistance to it. So, degrowth is in movements as it is changing forms, involving individual and collective actors well beyond its initial basis. Second, Degrowth in movement(s) shows that degrowth is composed of different streams but also connected to different movements. Some of the ideas developed within the degrowth perspective have been inspiring for the various forms of innovations in the movements resisting the crisis through the construction of alternatives in the health system, housing, food-production and distribution, cooperatives for production and services. Forms of direct social action based on solidarity and cooperation have been re-invented in the struggles of the unemployed, homeless and migrants. In this process, the debate on degrowth has moved attention from “what” is consumed to “how and how much” is both produced and consumed, aiming at changing the dominant economic paradigm. Sustainable community movement organizations have mobilized citizens not only through individual actions but also through local grassroots organizations. Cooperatives, voluntary associations, informal community groups, social enterprises have functioned 2 Preface as “niches of innovation.” So, the cultural critique of the mainstream food industry and the need to tackle urban poverty and social exclusion are bridged in these grassroots
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