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Faunistique Des Mille-Pattes De Suisse (Diplopoda) Faunistik Der Tausendfüssler Der Schweiz (Diplopoda)

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Faunistique Des Mille-Pattes De Suisse (Diplopoda) Faunistik Der Tausendfüssler Der Schweiz (Diplopoda) DOCUMENTA FAUNISTICA HELVETIAE 14 FAUNISTIQUE DES MILLE-PATTES DE SUISSE (DIPLOPODA) FAUNISTIK DER TAUSENDFÜSSLER DER SCHWEIZ (DIPLOPODA) ARIANE PEDROLI - CHRISTEN 1993 Centre suisse de cartographie de la faune Centre suisse de cartographie de la faune (CSCF) Schweizerisches Zentrum für die kartographische Erfassung der Fauna (SZKF) Terreaux 14, CH-2000 Neuchâtel Adresse de l'auteur / Anschrift des Verfassers: Ariane Pedroli-Christen, c/o CSCF, Terreaux 14, CH-2000 Neuchâtel Traductions / Übersetzungen: Vera Christen, Ariane Pedroli-Christen, Willy Geiger Dessin de couverture / Titelzeichnung :Vera Christen, Bern Rhymogona montivaga (Verhoeff) Avec le soutien financier: / Mit finanzieller Unterstützung : Fondation Pierre Mercier, Lausanne / Pierre Mercier Stiftung, Lausanne Ligue Suisse pour la Protection de la Nature / Schweizerischer Bund für Naturschutz Office fédéral de l'environnement, des forêts et du paysage / Bundesamt für Umwelt, Wald und Landschaft L'Académie suisse des sciences naturelles / Schweizerische Akademie der Naturwissenschaften Ce travail fait partie de la thèse de doctorat de l'auteur qui a été soutenue en novembre 1992 à l'Institut de Zoologie, Université de Neuchâtel, Suisse . Tous droits réservés / Alle Rechte vorbehalten © 1993 CSCF/SZKF ISBN 2-88414-005-0 TABLE DES MATIERES I INHALTSVERZEICHNIS AVANT-PROPOS / VORWORT 6 I. REMERCIEMENTS / DANK 8 II. INTRODUCTION / EINFÜHRUNG 11 IH. MATERIEL ET METHODE / MATERIAL UND METHODE Méthodes de capture / Fangmethoden 13 Matériel pris en considération / Betrachtetes Material 15 Fiabilité des données /Zuverlässigkeit der Daten 18 Disparités de l'échantillonnage et effort de capture / Ungleichheiten im erhobenen Datenmaterial 22 Traitement des données / Datenverarbeitung 25 Etat actuel de la base de données / Gegenwärtiger Stand der Datenbank 25 IV. SYSTÉMATIQUE / SYSTEMATIK Historique et problèmes systématiques / Geschichtliches und systematische Probleme 30 Exemples d'une clarification de la systématique des Diplopodes de Suisse - approche morphologique / Beispiele einer Klärung der Systematik der Diplopoden der Schweiz - morphologischer Ansatz 33 Exemples d'une clarification de la systématique des Diplopodes de Suisse - approche morphologique et génétique / Beispiel einer Klärung der Systematik der Diplopoden der Schweiz - morphologischer und genetischer Ansatz 35 Discussion I Diskussion 38 V. CATALOGUE DES DIPLOPODES DE SUISSE / KATALOG DER DIPLOPODEN DER SCHWEIZ Introduction / Einführung 42 Liste des espèces / Artenliste 44 Traitement par espèce / Besprechung der einzelnen Arten 48 Polyxenidae 51 Glomeridae 51 Trachysphaeridae 60 Blaniulidae 61 Nemasomatidae 64 Julidae 65 Callipodidae : 89 Neoatractosomatidae 89 Mastigophorophyllidae 91 -3- Haaseidae 92 Craspedosomatidae 94 Chordeumatidae 109 Trachygonidae 113 Brachychaeteumatidae 113 Paradoxosomatidae 114 Polydesmidae 115 Pyrgodesmidae 123 ANALYSE DE LA FAUNE / BESPRECHUNG DER FAUNA Introduction / Einführung 124 Analyse zoogéographique /Zoogeographische Analyse 126 Analyses écologiques / Ökologische Analyse 136 Analyse de la faune par étage de végétation / Faunenanalyse nach Vegetationsstufe 136 Analyse de la faune par niveaux thermiques I Faunenanalyse nach Wärmestufe 138 Analyse de la faune par types de milieux / Faunenanalyse nach Lebensraumtypen 139 Discussion / Diskussion 142 BILAN / ZUSAMMENFASSUNG 145 BIBLIOGRAPHIE / LITERATURVERZEICHNIS 148 INDEX DES NOM DES TAXONS / NAMENSVERZEICHNIS DER TAXA 161 ANNEXE 1/ANHANG 1 Légendes pour les cartes, tableaux et histogrammes concernant chaque taxon /Legenden zu den Verbreitungskarten, Tabellen und Histogrammen der einzelnen Taxa II Carte des carrés kilométriques comprenant au moins une occurrence / Verbreitungskarte der Quadrate mit mindestens einem Vorkommen II Carte, graphes et tableau pour chaque taxon / Verbreitungskarte Histogramme und Tabelle der einzelnen Taxa Ill Polyxenidae Ill Glomeridae Ill Trachysphaeridae X Blaniulidae XI Nemasomatidae XIV Julidae XIV Callipodidae XXXIII Neoatractosomatidae XXXIV Mastigophorophyllidae XXXV -4- Haaseidae XXXVI Craspedosomatidae XXXVII Chordeumatidae XLIX Trachygonidae LII Brachychaeteumatidae LUI Famille non déterminée LUI Paradoxosomatidae LIV Polydesmidae LV Pyrgodesmidae LXIII X ANNEXE 2/ANHANG 2 Analyses factorielles des correspondances / Faktorielle Korrespondenzanalysen LEXIQUE / LEXIKON / LESSICO -5- AVANT PROPOS VORWORT Les Diplopodes sont communément Diplopoden heissen auf Deutsch Tau- appelés mille-pattes. Ils n'en ont pas sendfüssler. Dieser Name ist natürlich vraiment autant, puisque le mieux übertrieben, denn der diesbezüglich pourvu dans ce domaine n'en a que (!) am besten ausgerüstete Vertreter be­ 375 paires. Ce qui les caractérise vrai­ sitzt nur (!) 375 Beinpaare. Zoologisch ment aux yeux des zoologues, c'est le von Bedeutung ist, dass jedes Körper­ fait que chaque segment porte deux segment zwei Paar Gliedmassen trägt, paires d'appendices locomoteurs, wie der wissenschaftliche Name sagt: comme l'indique l'éthymologie du Doppelfuss. Dieses charakteristische nom: double pied. C'est un caractère Merkmal weisen alle Vertreter dieser constant dans cette classe de Myria­ Klasse der Myriapoden auf, deren podes, où, par contre, la morphologie Morphologie und Verhalten jedoch et le comportement sont très variés. sehr unterschiedlich ist. Unsere ein­ Certes, nos espèces n'atteignent pas les heimischen Tausendfüssler erreichen vingt-huit centimètres de longueur de zwar niemals die achtundzwanzig certains Iules tropicaux, mais elles ap­ Zentimeter Länge gewisser tropischer partiennent tout de même à la macro­ Exemplare der Juliden; sie gehören faune du sol, les plus grands mesurant aber trotzdem zur Makrofauna des jusqu'à cinq centimètres. Bodens, und die grössten von ihnen können immerhin bis zu fünf Zen­ timeter lang werden. A la fin du siècle passé et au début de Gegen Ende des letzten und anfangs celui-ci, les Diplopodes ont intéressé dieses Jahrhunderts erweckten die Di­ de nombreux faunisticiens, dont Ver- plopoden das Interesse zahlreicher Na­ hoeff fut un des plus eminent. Puis cet turforscher, von denen Verhoeff einer intérêt s'est estompé... peut-être der bedeutendsten war. Danach gerie­ croyait-on que tout avait été dit sur Ie ten sie wieder etwas in Vergessenheit sujet. ... vielleicht war man der Ansicht, dass das Thema erschöpft sei. Mais assez récemment, le grand essor In jüngerer Zeit jedoch ist mit der Er­ pris par la zoologie du sol a revivifié forschung des Bodenlebens das Inte­ l'étude des Arthropodes édaphiques, resse an den edaphischen Arthropoden dont les Diplopodes. En ce qui und damit auch an den Diplopoden concerne ces derniers, c'est Ariane neu erwacht. In unserm Lande hat sich Pedroli-Christen qui a rallumé le flam­ Ariane Pedroli-Christen intensiv mit beau dans notre pays. Avec beaucoup dieser Gruppe beschäftigt und mit de minutie, elle a prospecté les diffé­ Sorgfalt und Fleiss die verschiedenen rentes régions de Suisse et révisé les Regionen der Schweiz untersucht und collections accessibles. Elle a égale­ die zugänglichen Sammlungen nach­ ment mené des recherches de terrain et gesehen. Zudem hat sie zur Lösung de laboratoire pour résoudre certains gewisser systematischer Probleme problèmes de systématique, utilisant Feld- und Laboruntersuchungen les techniques modernes d'analyse gé­ durchgeführt und dabei die modernen nétiques et immunologiques qui com­ Techniken der genetischen und immu­ plètent actuellement l'approche pure­ nologischen Analyse eingesetzt, die ment morphologique qui fut celle des heute den rein morphologischen An­ pionniers. satz der frühen Pioniere ergänzen. Quinze années de travail aboutissent Fünfzehn Jahre Arbeit führen nun zur aujourd'hui à la publication d'un Atlas Publikation dieses Atlas der Diplopo­ des Diplopodes qui constituera pour den, der Naturforschern und Oekolo- longtemps un ouvrage de référence in­ gen für längere Zeit als unentbehr­ dispensable aux faunisticiens et aux liches Referenzwerk dienen wird. Zu­ écologues. On peut aussi souhaiter que dem könnte sein Erscheinen das Inte­ sa parution suscite quelques vocations resse an diesen Tieren neu beleben, dans notre pays, car il montre égale­ zeigt er doch wie faszinierend sie so­ ment à quel point ces animaux sont wohl für Naturfreunde als auch für fascinants tant pour les naturalistes cu­ Spezialisten sind, denen sie als For­ rieux que pour les spécialistes, à qui ils schungsobjekte für Fragestellungen fourniront des domaines de recherche der Faunistik, Biogeographie und mo­ en faunistique, en biogéographie et en dernen Systematik dienen. Auch für systématique moderne. Il ne faut pas die Bodenökologie sind Diplopoden oublier l'écologie des sols, car les als äusserst aktive Phytosaprophagen Diplopodes sont des phytosaprophages und damit wichtige Glieder in der Ab­ très actifs et, de ce fait, des chaînons baukette von Bedeutung. importants dans les chaînes de décomposeurs. On ne peut terminer cet avant-propos Zum Schluss sei die wichtige Rolle sans relever le rôle important pris par des CSCF für die Erfassung und Kar­ le CSCF dans le recensement et la car­ tographie der Schweizer Fauna tographie de la faune suisse, activités erwähnt - Tätigkeiten, die schliesslich qui se concrétisent dans la publication zur Publikation von Atlanten wie dem d'Atlas tels que celui-ci. Comme le di­ vorliegenden führen. Wie sagte doch sait il y a peu J. P. Mauriès, du Mu­ kürzlich J.P. Mauriès vomNatur- séum d'Histoire naturelle de Paris, c'est historischen Museum Paris? "Dies ist là " un travail que la
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