DOCSLIB.ORG

Intro and Chapters (1.084Mb)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Intro and Chapters (1.084Mb) University of Plymouth PEARL https://pearl.plymouth.ac.uk 04 University of Plymouth Research Theses 01 Research Theses Main Collection 2014 German-German Relations in the Fields of Sport, with Particular Reference to the Olympic Games 1952-1972 Raeke, Bernd http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/3203 Plymouth University All content in PEARL is protected by copyright law. Author manuscripts are made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the details provided on the item record or document. In the absence of an open licence (e.g. Creative Commons), permissions for further reuse of content should be sought from the publisher or author. I N T R O D U C T I O N In 1952 the Soviet Union, after years of having castigated the Olympic movement as a ‘vehicle of capitalism and imperialism’, began to realize the tremendous propaganda value of participating in the Olympic Games. In the tow of Moscow, East Germany also tried to enter the Olympic arena. Its main objective was not the development of sports per se but rather to use the Games for the country’s predominant ambition to be formally and internationally recognized as an independent, sovereign state. This had been an intent pursued ever since the foundation of the East German Democratic Republic (GDR) three years earlier, and was just as vehemently frustrated by the Federal Republic of West Germany (FRG), which claimed the status of being the only legal, democratically elected German state. Primarily through the initiative of the International Olympic Committee (IOC), joint German-German teams participated – with the Winter Olympics always preceding the Summer Games – in 1956 at Cortina d’Ampezzo/Italy and Melbourne, in 1960 at Squaw Valley/USA and Rome, and at Innsbruck/Austria and Tokyo in 1964; not under a German flag but rather under one with the five Olympic rings. The astonishing fact of this being possible in the middle of the Cold War, how and why this came about and under what conditions, forms the central theme of the thesis. In government circles in both Germanys there was only limited interest in fostering inter-German sports relations. In West Germany there prevailed an overriding concern, as seen under Chancellor Adenauer, in power throughout the 1950s, in trying to re- integrate the FRG into the Western fold; at the expense of neglecting contacts with the other Germany. This would change only from 1969 onwards in the framework of 1 Chancellor Willy Brandt’s neue Ostpolitik, embarking on a ‘policy of change through approximation’1 with other East Bloc countries – much to the dislike of the GDR. The year 1972 was a partial victory for the GDR not only in sports but also in international politics; at that time a separate East German team joined the Olympic Games at Munich under its own national flag, dresses and anthem. Yet the end of the inter-German Cold War would come only in 1987 with the visit of Erich Honecker, the East German leader, to West Germany (this, as an irony of history, to be followed only two years later by the implosion of his country). In the meantime East Germany, for its part, had for most of the Cold War also spurned inter-German sporting relations, except for a short period from 1959 to 1961. However some maintain that, on the ‘ground level’, there remained an invisible bond of earlier, pre-war friendly relations between clubs and local sports organizations in West and East during most of the post-war period, especially so until the foundation of the GDR in 1949. While so-called West-Kontakte could be criminalized by the GDR’s omnipresent Stasi, its state security police, there remained the possibility of meeting western sportspeople in ‘all-German’ summer holiday destinations like Lake Balaton in Hungary, or Bulgaria’s Varna Black Sea resort. Full normalization of sporting contacts between German sports-men and -women came only after the thaw of East-West political relations in the late 1980s. The difficulties in maintaining such contacts throughout more than four decades of separation would gradually become a remote memory even for the older generation. These and related problems have, more than two decades after German re-unification, been somewhat of a 1 This maxim, first coined as Wandel durch Annäherung by Brandt confidant Egon Bahr at the Evangelist Academy Tutzing/Bavaria on 15 July 1963, would become the tenet of Neue Ostpolitik from 1969 onwards. Quoted in DIE ZEIT, 8 May 2013, p. 4. 2 backwater of historians’ attention and writings, as can be gauged by reviewing the key secondary literature of relevance. LITERATURE REVIEW Thousands of books in dozens of languages have been written about the Olympics. Although most of the best published scholarships is in French, German, and Italian, the materials available in English are ample enough to satisfy most non-academic 2 readers. As the quotation above by Alan Guttmann indicates, there exists a huge body of literature in a variety of languages, though little of this specifically addresses German- German sporting relations. In what follows, a selection of key books and journal articles are divided for convenience into two main categories. The first category contains material considered to be of general interest regarding the Olympic Games, some of which briefly touches upon the issue of German-German Olympic cooperation. The second category reviews relevant works published by German writers and academics, and is finally followed by a short assessment of the limited items of secondary literature on this topic published in English. As will become clear, there remains scope for a detailed study of the origins, evolution and consequences of one of the most curious episodes in the history of the Cold War. General Histories of the Olympics Among the most important of general works on the Olympics is Guttmann’s The Olympics, A History of the Modern Games : [It reflects] the intended and actual meaning of the modern Olympic Games (…) recounting the memorable and significant events of the Olympics in terms of their social and political impact [and demonstrating that] the modern games were revived 3 to propagate a political message and continue to serve political purposes. 2 Guttmann, Allen, The Olympics, A History of the Modern Games, Second Edition. Champaign IL: University of Illinois Press (2002), p. 197. 3 Guttmann, The Olympics, back cover. 3 Guttmann goes back to the re-founding of the idea of Olympic Games in 1896 by Baron de Coubertin, the first modern Games of that year in Athens, and through to events of the XXVIIth Games in Sydney in 2000. Particular attention is given to national – and nationalistically motivated – tendencies by member nations of the movement like that of the Greeks, the Americans and especially by the Germans trying to usurp the Games in what he calls ‘the most controversial Olympics’, Hitler’s XIth Olympics in 1936.4 A central theme of Guttmann’s book is the life of Baron Pierre de Coubertin (1863- 1937). In 1892 de Coubertin had written: ‘Nothing in ancient history has inspired more reverie in me than Olympia’. The book vividly details the role of de Coubertin as the undisputed creator as well as successful organizer of the modern Games, President of the IOC for 29 years, from its inception in 1896 until his 1925 retirement. During the first two decades of his IOC presidency de Coubertin faced major problems with the Greeks, then the Germans and even his own French countrymen, who insisted on developing their own national systems, but his first major success was the 1912 Stockholm Olympic Games. More breakthroughs for the efforts of the IOC followed until the outbreak of the world wars cancelled those planned for Berlin in 1916 and Tokyo 1940/London 1944. Guttmann points out that the 1925 Olympic Congress tried to solve what became a long-running problem and that de Coubertin’s diplomatic talent led to a key definition, voted for by a majority of IOC members: An amateur is one who devotes himself to sport for sport’s sake without deriving from it, directly or indirectly, the means of existence. A professional one is one who derives the means of existence entirely or partly from sport. The relationship between amateurism and professionalism was to be central to the evolution of the post-WWII Olympic movement. Guttmann’s book also has some 4 Guttmann, The Olympics, p. 11, 13, 53 ff. 4 relevant comments in the context of this thesis – to be assessed in the second category of this review – dealing with German-German sporting matters during the Cold War. Another book by Guttmann,5 albeit primarily concentrated on one personality, should be mentioned here. It is dedicated to the American Avery Brundage, involved with the Olympics for sixty years and arguably the pivotal personality in what follows as President of the IOC for two decades. In June 1955 Brundage virtually dictated the formation of a German-German Olympic team, eventually accepted by East Germany for ulterior motives far from Olympic ones, and also by rather hesitant West German officialdom. His activities, successes and frustrations in fostering his dream of the 1950s will be followed throughout the main chapters of thesis, ending with his failure by the time of the 1972 Olympic Games. A high point in Brundage’s involvement, reflecting also on his considerable ego, was an event at the XVIIth Olympics at Rome in 1960. Standing next to Italian President Giovanni Gronchi, who marvelled at the sight of the joint German team entering the Stadium, and while commenting that such demonstration was unthinkable to have been achieved by politicians, Brundage exclaimed ‘in sport we do such things’.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Sounds of War and Peace: Soundscapes of European Cities in 1945
    10 This book vividly evokes for the reader the sound world of a number of Eu- Renata Tańczuk / Sławomir Wieczorek (eds.) ropean cities in the last year of the Second World War. It allows the reader to “hear” elements of the soundscapes of Amsterdam, Dortmund, Lwów/Lviv, Warsaw and Breslau/Wrocław that are bound up with the traumatising experi- ences of violence, threats and death. Exploiting to the full methodologies and research tools developed in the fields of sound and soundscape studies, the Sounds of War and Peace authors analyse their reflections on autobiographical texts and art. The studies demonstrate the role urban sounds played in the inhabitants’ forging a sense of 1945 Soundscapes of European Cities in 1945 identity as they adapted to new living conditions. The chapters also shed light on the ideological forces at work in the creation of urban sound space. Sounds of War and Peace. War Sounds of Soundscapes of European Cities in Volume 10 Eastern European Studies in Musicology Edited by Maciej Gołąb Renata Tańczuk is a professor of Cultural Studies at the University of Wrocław, Poland. Sławomir Wieczorek is a faculty member of the Institute of Musicology at the University of Wrocław, Poland. Renata Tańczuk / Sławomir Wieczorek (eds.) · Wieczorek / Sławomir Tańczuk Renata ISBN 978-3-631-75336-1 EESM 10_275336_Wieczorek_SG_A5HC globalL.indd 1 16.04.18 14:11 10 This book vividly evokes for the reader the sound world of a number of Eu- Renata Tańczuk / Sławomir Wieczorek (eds.) ropean cities in the last year of the Second World War. It allows the reader to “hear” elements of the soundscapes of Amsterdam, Dortmund, Lwów/Lviv, Warsaw and Breslau/Wrocław that are bound up with the traumatising experi- ences of violence, threats and death.
    [Show full text]
  • THE WESTERN ALLIES' RECONSTRUCTION of GERMANY THROUGH SPORT, 1944-1952 by Heather L. Dichter a Thesis Subm
    SPORTING DEMOCRACY: THE WESTERN ALLIES’ RECONSTRUCTION OF GERMANY THROUGH SPORT, 1944-1952 by Heather L. Dichter A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Graduate Department of History, University of Toronto © Copyright by Heather L. Dichter, 2008 Library and Archives Bibliothèque et Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de l’édition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre référence ISBN: 978-0-494-57981-7 Our file Notre référence ISBN: 978-0-494-57981-7 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non- L’auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library and permettant à la Bibliothèque et Archives Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par télécommunication ou par l’Internet, prêter, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des thèses partout dans le loan, distribute and sell theses monde, à des fins commerciales ou autres, sur worldwide, for commercial or non- support microforme, papier, électronique et/ou commercial purposes, in microform, autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L’auteur conserve la propriété du droit d’auteur ownership and moral rights in this et des droits moraux qui protège cette thèse. Ni thesis. Neither the thesis nor la thèse ni des extraits substantiels de celle-ci substantial extracts from it may be ne doivent être imprimés ou autrement printed or otherwise reproduced reproduits sans son autorisation.
    [Show full text]
  • PEENEMUENDE, NATIONAL SOCIALISM, and the V-2 MISSILE, 1924-1945 Michael
    ABSTRACT Title of Dissertation: ENGINEERING CONSENT: PEENEMUENDE, NATIONAL SOCIALISM, AND THE V-2 MISSILE, 1924-1945 Michael Brian Petersen, Doctor of Philosophy, 2005 Dissertation Directed By: Professor Jeffrey Herf Departmen t of History This dissertation is the story of the German scientists and engineers who developed, tested, and produced the V-2 missile, the world’s first liquid -fueled ballistic missile. It examines the social, political, and cultural roots of the prog ram in the Weimar Republic, the professional world of the Peenemünde missile base, and the results of the specialists’ decision to use concentration camp slave labor to produce the missile. Previous studies of this subject have been the domain of either of sensationalistic journalists or the unabashed admirers of the German missile pioneers. Only rarely have historians ventured into this area of inquiry, fruitfully examining the history of the German missile program from the top down while noting its admi nistrative battles and technical development. However, this work has been done at the expense of a detailed examination of the mid and lower -level employees who formed the backbone of the research and production effort. This work addresses that shortcomi ng by investigating the daily lives of these employees and the social, cultural, and political environment in which they existed. It focuses on the key questions of dedication, motivation, and criminality in the Nazi regime by asking “How did Nazi authori ties in charge of the missile program enlist the support of their employees in their effort?” “How did their work translate into political consent for the regime?” “How did these employees come to view slave labor as a viable option for completing their work?” This study is informed by traditions in European intellectual and social history while borrowing from different methods of sociology and anthropology.
    [Show full text]
  • Deutsche Olympiasieger, Welt- Und Europameister (1896 - 2019)
    Deutsche Olympiasieger, Welt- und Europameister (1896 - 2019) Summe 1896 bis 2019: 72 Olympiasiege 60 Weltmeistertitel 183 Europameistertitel vor 1945: 6 Olympiasiege 19 Europameistertitel 1949 - 1990: DLV: 14 Olympiasiege 3 Weltmeistertitel 35 Europameistertitel DVfL: 40 Olympiasiege 21 Weltmeistertitel 91 Europameistertitel 1991 - 2019: 12 Olympiasiege 38 Weltmeistertitel 44 Europameistertitel 1972 100m Hürd. Annelie Ehrhardt O l y m p i a s i e g e r 1972 4x100 m Krause, Mickler, Richter, Rosendahl 1928 800 m Lina Radke 1972 4x400 m Käsling, Kühne, Seidler, Zehrt 1936 Kugel Hans Woellke 1972 Hochsprung Ulrike Meyfarth 1936 Hammer Karl Hein 1972 Weitsprung Heide Rosendahl 1936 Speer Gerhard Stöck 1972 Speer Ruth Fuchs 1936 Diskus Gisela Mauermayer 1936 Speer Tilly Fleischer 1976 Marathon Waldemar Cierpinski 1976 Kugel Udo Beyer 1960 100 m Armin Hary 1976 100 m Annegret Richter 1960 4x100 m Cullmann, Hary, 1976 200 m Bärbel Wöckel Mahlendorf, Lauer 1976 100m Hürd. Johanna Schaller 1976 4x100 m Oelsner, Stecher, 1964 Zehnkampf Willi Holdorf Bodendorf, Wöckel 1964 80m Hürden Karin Balzer 1976 4x400 m Maletzki, Rohde, Streidt, Brehmer 1968 50km Gehen Christoph Höhne 1976 Hochsprung Rosemarie Ackermann 1968 Kugel Margitta Gummel 1976 Weitsprung Angela Voigt 1968 Fünfkampf Ingrid Mickler 1976 Diskus Evelin Jahl 1976 Speer Ruth Fuchs 1972 20km Gehen Peter Frenkel 1976 Fünfkampf Sigrun Siegl 1972 50km Gehen Bernd Kannenberg 1972 Stabhoch Wolfgang Nordwig 1980 Marathon Waldemar Cierpinski 1972 Speer Klaus Wolfermann 1980 50km Gehen Hartwig Gauder
    [Show full text]
  • (2019). the Rings and the Swastika: Political Ambiguity in Sport Before and During Second World War
    This file was dowloaded from the institutional repository Brage NIH - brage.bibsys.no/nih Goksøyr, M. (2019). The Rings and the Swastika: Political Ambiguity in Sport before and during Second World War. International Journal of the History of Sport, 36(11), 998-1012. https://doi.org/10.1080/09523367.2019.1687448 Dette er siste tekst-versjon av artikkelen, og den kan inneholde små forskjeller fra forlagets pdf-versjon. Forlagets pdf-versjon finner du her: https://doi.org/10.1080/09523367.2019.1687448 This is the final text version of the article, and it may contain minor differences from the journal's pdf version. The original publication is available here: https://doi.org/10.1080/09523367.2019.1687448 MAIN DOCUMENT The Rings and the Swastika: Political Ambiguity in Sport before and during WWII Keywords: Olympics, Nazism, war, sports, politics Abstract: As WWII emerged and eventually unfolded, sport's context changed from a sense of normalcy to increased political tension and eventually to war. In this article, I will discuss the role of sport and how sports organizations responded to the increasing hostilities. What happens to the claimed ‘un-political sport’ when the context in which it takes place becomes ever more politicized? Should sport take a stand or should it stick to the favourite position of Western sporting officials in the 1930s that ‘sport and politics should not mix’? What can be sport’s main contribution in times of conflict and war? Although I shall here have a particular emphasis on the small, occupied nations in Europe, I shall also discuss the attitudes and politics of the IOC and other international sports organizations in the critical years leading up to and into the war: Was it possible to keep the Olympics going? Based on recent research with primary and secondary sources, archive materials from the IOC and other organizations, as well as international research literature, I conclude that sport’s symbolic ambiguity as it related to peace and war was reflected in the different ways in which sportspeople and organizations reacted to WWII.
    [Show full text]
  • Detailed List of Performances in the Six Selected Events
    Detailed list of performances in the six selected events 100 metres women 100 metres men 400 metres women 400 metres men Result Result Result Result Year Athlete Country Year Athlete Country Year Athlete Country Year Athlete Country (sec) (sec) (sec) (sec) 1928 Elizabeth Robinson USA 12.2 1896 Tom Burke USA 12.0 1964 Betty Cuthbert AUS 52.0 1896 Tom Burke USA 54.2 Stanislawa 1900 Frank Jarvis USA 11.0 1968 Colette Besson FRA 52.0 1900 Maxey Long USA 49.4 1932 POL 11.9 Walasiewicz 1904 Archie Hahn USA 11.0 1972 Monika Zehrt GDR 51.08 1904 Harry Hillman USA 49.2 1936 Helen Stephens USA 11.5 1906 Archie Hahn USA 11.2 1976 Irena Szewinska POL 49.29 1908 Wyndham Halswelle GBR 50.0 Fanny Blankers- 1908 Reggie Walker SAF 10.8 1980 Marita Koch GDR 48.88 1912 Charles Reidpath USA 48.2 1948 NED 11.9 Koen 1912 Ralph Craig USA 10.8 Valerie Brisco- 1920 Bevil Rudd SAF 49.6 1984 USA 48.83 1952 Marjorie Jackson AUS 11.5 Hooks 1920 Charles Paddock USA 10.8 1924 Eric Liddell GBR 47.6 1956 Betty Cuthbert AUS 11.5 1988 Olga Bryzgina URS 48.65 1924 Harold Abrahams GBR 10.6 1928 Raymond Barbuti USA 47.8 1960 Wilma Rudolph USA 11.0 1992 Marie-José Pérec FRA 48.83 1928 Percy Williams CAN 10.8 1932 Bill Carr USA 46.2 1964 Wyomia Tyus USA 11.4 1996 Marie-José Pérec FRA 48.25 1932 Eddie Tolan USA 10.3 1936 Archie Williams USA 46.5 1968 Wyomia Tyus USA 11.0 2000 Cathy Freeman AUS 49.11 1936 Jesse Owens USA 10.3 1948 Arthur Wint JAM 46.2 1972 Renate Stecher GDR 11.07 Tonique Williams- 1948 Harrison Dillard USA 10.3 1952 George Rhoden JAM 45.9 2004 BAH 49.41 1976
    [Show full text]
  • Geburtsstätte Des Berliner Fußballs 1
    Inhaltsverzeichnis Grußwort des BFV-Präsidenten Vorwort von Werner Skrentny 1 1880 Das Tempelhofer Feld - Geburtsstätte des Berliner Fußballs 1 1890 Der Exerzierplatz „Einsame Pappel" - Das Gegenstück im Norden 2 1897 Erster Meilenstein der Berliner Stadiongeschichte - Sportpark Friedenau 2 1899 Fester Zaun und feste Tore - Athletik-Sportplatz am Kurfürstendamm 2 1902 Einstiger Fußball-Magnet des Nordens-NNW-Platz 3 1903 Der erste Berliner Vereinsplatz-Preussen-Platz am Teltowkanal 4 1904 Der Kronprinz beim Fußballspiel-Germania-Platz 4 1905 Viktoria im Jugendstil-Viktoria-Platz 4 1905 Nachfolger des Sportparks Friedenau - Sportpark Steglitz 5 1907 Schicksalsstunden einer Todesbahn-Sportpark Spandau 5 1908 Der ehemalige Union-92-Platz —Sportplatz Rathausstraße 6 1909 Seit 100 Jahren in Schmargendorf-Britannia-Platz 6 1909 Ein Fußball-Acker ohne Komfort-Vorwärts-Platz 7 1910 Die erste moderne Laufbahn von Deutschland - SCC-Platz 7 1910 Olympia an der Cicerostraße - Akademischer Sportplatz/BSC-Platz 7 1911 Die Olympia-Radrennbahn in Plötzensee 7 1911 Profifußball ohne Zuschauer-Resonanz-Wacker-Platz 8 1912 Sportplatz-Historie in Baumschulenweg-Willi-Sänger-Sportanlage 8 1913 Das erste deutsche Nationalstadion - Deutsches Stadion 8 1913 Berliner Meister im Nachwuchsfußball - Ernst-Reuter-Sportfeld 9 1913 Wo einst die „Babys" spielten - Sportplatz Markgrafenstraße 9 1913 Der „Adlerhorst" zu Mariendorf-Preussen-Platz Mariendorf 10 1920 Kult in Köpenick - Stadion An der Alten Försterei 10 1920 Die Stadionleiche im Hertzbergpark-Stadion Lichtenberg
    [Show full text]
  • Men's 100M Diamond Discipline 18.05.2019
    Men's 100m Diamond Discipline 18.05.2019 Start list 100m Time: 20:53 Records Lane Athlete Nat NR PB SB 1 Tyquendo TRACEY JAM 9.58 9.96 10.32 WR 9.58 Usain BOLT JAM Berlin 16.08.09 2 Michael RODGERS USA 9.69 9.85 10.28 AR 9.91 Femi OGUNODE QAT Wuhan 04.06.15 3 Reece PRESCOD GBR 9.87 9.94 =AR 9.91 Femi OGUNODE QAT Gainesville, FL 22.04.16 =AR 9.91 Bingtian SU CHN Madrid 22.06.18 4 Christian COLEMAN USA 9.69 9.79 =AR 9.91 Bingtian SU CHN Paris 30.06.18 5 Bingtian SU CHN 9.91 9.91 NR 9.91 Bingtian SU CHN Madrid 22.06.18 6 Noah LYLES USA 9.69 9.88 10.14 =NR 9.91 Bingtian SU CHN Paris 30.06.18 7 Akani SIMBINE RSA 9.89 9.89 WJR 9.97 Trayvon BROMELL USA Eugene, OR 13.06.14 8 Zhenye XIE CHN 9.91 9.97 MR 9.69 Tyson GAY USA 20.09.09 9 Isiah YOUNG USA 9.69 9.92 10.22 DLR 9.69 Yohan BLAKE JAM Lausanne 23.08.12 SB 9.94 Divine ODUDURU NGR Waco, TX 20.04.19 2019 World Outdoor list Medal Winners Shanghai previous 9.94 +0.8 Divine ODUDURU NGR Waco, TX 20.04.19 2019 - Asian Ch. Winners 9.97 +0.2 Cravon GILLESPIE USA Tucson, AZ 12.05.19 9.98 +1.0 Roberto SKYERS CUB Camagüey 22.02.19 1.
    [Show full text]
  • In Greek Mythology, PROMETHEUS Brought a Spark of Heavenly Fire to Earth for Man, His Creation, Thus Making Him the Ruler Of
    n Greek mythology, PROMETHEUS brought a the Hephaistia, but also in honour of ARTEMIS spark of heavenly fire to earth for man, his BENDIS. The variation of a torch ride can be traced Icreation, thus making him the ruler of the back to Thracian influences.4 JÜTHNER describes elements. He was punished by being chained to the torch relays as "essentially a matter of cult, only the Caucasian mountains. However, the great secondarily a matter of sport."5 This ambivalence also step forward into civilization had been taken by marks the modern re-enactments and probably means of the glowing pith of a torch, made from has a direct effect on their power of fascination. It a giant fennel stalk, which had been lighted at serves, moreover, to reinforce the separate nature the fiery chariot of the sun. Following on from of the Olympic Festival as a whole. these mythical conceptions of ancient days, the fire that was brought down from heaven became "The opening ceremonies, including the lighting a representation of reason and enlightenment, of of the sacred flame at Archaia Olympia and its freedom and the creative ability of the human relay to the 'New Olympia' are rites of separation race as a whole. In this case, too, Greek mythology from ordinary lire, initiating the period of public 1 has created an effect which can hardly be liminality."6 encompassed and whose influence can be seen in the Olympic ceremonies. The torch as a symbol and personification in At the ancient festivals held in honour of ancient and Christian mythology and art can PROMETHEUS in Athens, the craftsmen, particularly merely be mentioned here.
    [Show full text]
  • GERMANY from 1896-1936 Presented to the Graduate Council
    6061 TO THE BERLIN GAMES: THE OLYMPIC MOVEMENT IN GERMANY FROM 1896-1936 THESIS Presented to the Graduate Council of the North Texas State University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Master of Science By William Gerard Durick, B.S. Denton, Texas May, 1984 @ 1984 WILLIAM GERARD DURICK All Rights Reserved Durick, William Gerard, ToThe Berlin Games: The Olympic Movement in Germany From 1896-1936. Master of Science (History), May, 1984, 237epp.,, 4 illustrations, bibliography, 99 titles. This thesis examines Imperial, Weimar, and Nazi Ger- many's attempt to use the Berlin Olympic Games to bring its citizens together in national consciousness and simultane- ously enhance Germany's position in the international com- munity. The sources include official documents issued by both the German and American Olympic Committees as well as newspaper reports of the Olympic proceedings. This eight chapter thesis discusses chronologically the beginnings of the Olympic movement in Imperial Germany, its growth during the Weimar and Nazi periods, and its culmination in the 1936 Berlin Games. Each German government built and improved upon the previous government's Olympic experiences with the National Socialist regime of Adolf Hitler reaping the benefits of forty years of German Olympic participation and preparation. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 0 0 - LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS....... ....--.-.-.-.-.-. iv Chapter I. ....... INTRODUCTION "~ 13 . 13 II. IMPERIAL GERMANY AND THE OLYMPIC GAMES . 42 III. SPORT IN WEIMAR GERMANY . - - IV* SPORT IN NAZI GERMANY. ...... - - - - 74 113 V. THE OLYMPIC BOYCOTT MOVEMENTS . * VI. THE NATIONAL SOCIALISTS AND THE OLYMPIC GAMES .... .. ... - - - .- - - - - - . 159 - .-193 VII. THE OLYMPIC SUMMER . - - .- -. - - 220 VIII.
    [Show full text]
  • Hertha BSC – 1. FC Köln
    VIP FÜR -GÄSTE DIE WEBERBANK PRÄSENTIERT HERTHA EXKLUSIV Das offizielle VIP-Magazin von Hertha BSC Nr. 17 · 15. Mai 2021 EINE JAPANISCHE KNEIPE ZUM VERWEILEN The Catch AUS DEM TEAM Jordan Torunarigha JEDER SIEG IST EIN Schauspieler und Musiker SCHÖNER MOMENT Louis Held Dieter Rosenkranz HEUTE: Hertha BSC gegen 1. FC Köln 1 EDITORIAL Liebe Herthanerinnen und Herthaner, liebe Gäste! Nochmals senden wir unsere herzlichsten geist, Willen und Leidenschaft hat sich unsere Willkommensgrüße zu unserem anstehenden Mannschaft aus den Tiefen der Tabelle befreit Heimspiel raus in eure Wohnzimmer und und sich vor den noch zwei ausstehenden überall dorthin, wo ihr uns die Daumen Spielen eine sehr gute Ausgangslage ver­ drückt. Wir hätten euch heute Nachmittag schafft. Das haben wir auch durch eure tolle gegen den 1. FC Köln im Olympiastadion gern Unterstützung geschafft – dafür möchten wir dabeigehabt, um mit euch zusammen den schon einmal an dieser Stelle Danke sagen. vielleicht schon entscheidenden Schritt zum Gemeinsam gehen wir diesen Weg zu Ende – Ligaverbleib zu gehen. Auch weiterhin geht gemeinsam für den Klassenerhalt! Also gehen unser aller Gesundheit vor, trotzdem hoffen wir es an! Schmeißen wir ein weiteres Mal wir, euch alle schon bald wiedersehen alles rein, um uns die noch fehlenden Punkte zu können. Für unsere Mannschaft gehen mit zu holen! dem heu tigen Spiel zwei englische Wochen mit fünf Spielen in 13 Tagen zu Ende. Gemeinsam schaffen wir das: Also, auf geht’s, Wir ziehen unseren Hut vor acht Punkten in Hertha! Kämpfen und siegen!
    [Show full text]
  • Kicking Through the Wall: Football, Division, and Entanglement In
    Kicking Through the Wall: Football, Division, and Entanglement in Postwar Berlin By Emmanuel Hogg, BA (Hons), MA A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Affairs in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History Carleton University Ottawa, ON © 2016, Emmanuel Hogg Abstract Seldom is the German capital referred to as a “Fußballstadt” (“football-city”). When Berlin and football are mentioned together, themes of corruption, hooliganism, the Stasi, and scandal dominate. And yet, Berlin holds a rich footballing history that dates back to the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries and has long played an important role in the lives of Berliners as spaces for sociability. In the postwar period, two divergent states emerged, each with their own competing structures of football. Whereas in the Federal Republic football remained an autonomous but not apolitical space, it was explicitly politicized in East Germany. As an important form of “soft power” during the Cold War, the people’s game reveals the extent to which the Iron Curtain was much more porous and elastic than the imagery of the Berlin Wall suggests. Rather than view football as “war without the fighting”, a microcosm that interprets the German and Cold War past as simplistic, reductive, and dichotomous, this dissertation analyzes the sport’s inherent dynamism that presented Berliners on both sides of the Wall with unique spaces for social interaction. Although both German states tried to use the sport to assert their own interests, this dissertation argues that football simultaneously provided fans with a relatively free space authorities could not effectively control, opening the opportunity for German- German interactions.
    [Show full text]