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OHCHR in the Field: Africa

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OHCHR in the Field: Africa OHCHR’s approach to field work Background empowered. In particular, OHCHR supports efforts to establish or strengthen justice and accountability mechanisms at the national level, including through Supporting the work of human rights field presences strengthened monitoring and investigation and is the main function of OHCHR’s Field Operations redress of violations of civil, political, economic, and Technical Cooperation Division (FOTCD). social and cultural rights. The Division, in cooperation with other parts of the Office, oversees activities relating to field In 2013, a new peace mission was established in operations, including advisory services and technical Mali and a new Human Rights Adviser (HRA) was cooperation. deployed to Timor-Leste. The peace mission in Sierra Leone closed in 2013. At the end of 2013, OHCHR Based on dialogue with national counterparts, was running or supporting 59 field presences the Office’s activities at country level (through and providing support to other members of the headquarters or field presences) focus on the UN family through rapid deployment. promotion and protection of human rights, including by preventing and reducing human rights violations. This occurs mainly through strengthening national protection systems which involves ensuring that Types of field presences government authorities are aware of their human rights obligations, supporting them in their implementation and designing effective remedies OHCHR field presences fall into two categories: to overcome obstacles to the realization of human stand-alone presences and collaborative rights. Through its programmes in the field, OHCHR arrangements. The first category comprises those likewise seeks to ensure that national authorities offices that are under the direct supervision of and civil society actors have the capacity to address OHCHR, namely country and regional offices. human rights concerns and are better informed The second category comprises field presences about international human rights standards and how with double reporting lines, namely human to translate these into laws, regulations and policies rights components of peace or political missions so that rights-holders are better protected and who report to the Head of the mission and the © Christophe Valingot OHCHR REPORT 2013 201 OHCHR’S APPROACH TO FIELD WORK High Commissioner and HRAs who report to the mandate. Regional offices and centres are funded by Resident Coordinator and the High Commissioner. the UN regular budget and voluntary contributions. The decision to establish an OHCHR country or OHCHR has 12 regional presences which include regional presence is made with the concerned 10 regional offices in East Africa (Addis Ababa), government, taking into account the overall human Southern Africa (Pretoria), West Africa (Dakar), rights situation, security considerations, the presence South-East Asia (Bangkok), the Pacific (Suva), the and role of other international actors on the ground, Middle East and North Africa (Beirut), Central Asia as well as available human and financial resources, (Bishkek), Europe (Brussels), Central America administrative arrangements and the scope of (Panama City), South America (Santiago de Chile), a activities to be undertaken. subregional centre for human rights and democracy for Central Africa (Yaoundé) and a Training and Documentation Centre for South-West Asia and the Country and Stand-alone Offices Arab Region (Doha). OHCHR country and stand-alone offices are established on the basis of a standard agreement Human rights components of United Nations between OHCHR and the host government. Peacekeeping Operations and Special A mandate typically includes human rights Political Missions monitoring, protection, technical cooperation activities and public reporting and is tailored to a OHCHR supports human rights components of specific country situation. These offices are primarily peacekeeping and political missions by providing funded through voluntary contributions. strategic and expert advice, technical assistance, operational support and day-to-day backstopping OHCHR has 13 country or stand-alone offices on human rights issues. In this context, the which are comprised of 12 country offices in Office participates in interdepartmental technical Bolivia, Cambodia, Colombia, Guatemala, Guinea, assessment missions for the design, establishment Mauritania, Mexico, State of Palestine,1 Togo, Tunisia, and reconfiguration of peace missions. Additionally, Uganda and Yemen and one stand-alone office in OHCHR contributes, through its voluntary Kosovo.2 contributions, to the implementation of technical cooperation activities and projects. While most of the human rights staff in peace missions are Regional Offices and Centres contracted by the Department of Field Support and report to the peace missions, the Head of a Regional offices are similarly established on the human rights component acts as the representative basis of an agreement with a host government and of the High Commissioner for Human Rights in the in consultation with other countries in the region. country and has a dual reporting line, both to the These offices focus on cross-cutting regional human Head of the mission and to the High Commissioner. rights concerns and play an important role in In accordance with UN Security Council mandates, supporting governments in their engagement with typical functions of a human rights component may the UN human rights mechanisms, specifically the include: human rights treaty bodies, the special procedures u Monitoring and reporting on the human and the Universal Periodic Review (UPR). They rights situation and investigating human rights work closely with regional and subregional violations; intergovernmental organizations and civil society. u Advocating for peace processes to be inclusive, Regional offices complement the expertise of addressing past human rights violations and OHCHR country offices by providing support on promoting and protecting human rights; institutional and thematic issues. In addition to u Integrating human rights in legislative and the regional offices, OHCHR has regional centres institutional reforms, including the rule of law and that are established in accordance with a General security sectors reforms; Assembly resolution and are imbued with a specific u Preventing and redressing violations of human rights and international humanitarian law, with a focus on the protection of civilians; 1 Reference to the State of Palestine should be understood in com- u Building human rights capacities and institutions; pliance with United Nations General Assembly resolution 67/19. and 2 All references to Kosovo should be understood in full compli- u Mainstreaming human rights into all ance with United Nations Security Council resolution 1244 and UN programmes and activities. without prejudice to the status of Kosovo. 202 OHCHR REPORT 2013 OHCHR’S APPROACH TO FIELD WORK Fifteen UN peace missions maintained a human Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia and Ukraine. In rights component and incorporated human rights 2014, the deployment of human rights advisers promotion and protection into their mandated work, through the UNDG-HRM has been agreed for namely in: Afghanistan, Burundi, Central African UNCTs in Bangladesh, Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Republic, Côte d'Ivoire, the Democratic Republic of Malawi, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Zambia and the Congo, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Iraq, Liberia, Libya, for UNDG regional teams in Bangkok and Panama. Mali, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Sudan and Sudan (Darfur). Engagement in Humanitarian Action Human Rights Advisers in United Nations Country Teams At the global level, OHCHR integrates human Human rights advisers are deployed at the request rights considerations and advocates for the of Resident Coordinators on behalf of the United adoption of a human rights-based approach Nations Country Teams (UNCTs). Advisers support into the strategies and policies of humanitarian and assist the Resident Coordinators, Heads of initiatives through its engagement in a number of UN agencies and members of UNCTs to integrate inter-agency mechanisms. In October 2013, the human rights into their programming strategies Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC) endorsed and their implementation and to build and protection as a priority for 2014-2015, requesting strengthen national human rights capacities. Other the Global Protection Cluster (GPC) to take forward functions include: advising and providing training implementation of three related tasks, including: to independent national human rights institutions publication of an IASC Principals statement on and other stakeholders; advising State actors on the centrality of protection in humanitarian crises; the promotion and protection of human rights and a whole-of-systems review of protection; and other UN norms and standards; building networks the subsequent development of an IASC policy with and providing practical support to civil society on protection. This work seeks to ensure that actors; providing operational support to human rights humanitarian action responds appropriately in training and/or national capacity-building activities; the face of serious violations of international promoting engagement with the international human human rights and humanitarian law. OHCHR, with rights mechanisms; and when applicable, advising on InterAction, is co-chair of the GPC Task Team integrating human rights in humanitarian response facilitating implementation of
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