DOCSLIB.ORG

Cellular Localization of Clathridimine, an Antimicrobial 2-Aminoimidazole Alkaloid Produced by the Mediterranean Calcareous Sponge Clathrina Clathrus

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Cellular Localization of Clathridimine, an Antimicrobial 2-Aminoimidazole Alkaloid Produced by the Mediterranean Calcareous Sponge Clathrina Clathrus J. Nat. Prod. XXXX, xxx, 000 A Cellular Localization of Clathridimine, an Antimicrobial 2-Aminoimidazole Alkaloid Produced by the Mediterranean Calcareous Sponge Clathrina clathrus Me´lanie Roue´,† Isabelle Domart-Coulon,‡ Alexander Ereskovsky,§,⊥ Chakib Djediat,| Thierry Perez,⊥ and Marie-Lise Bourguet-Kondracki*,† Laboratoire Mole´cules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-organismes, FRE 3206 CNRS, Muse´um National d’Histoire Naturelle, 57 Rue CuVier (C.P. 54), 75005 Paris, France, Laboratoire de Biologie des Organismes et des Ecosyste`mes Aquatiques, UMR 7208 MNHN-CNRS-IRD-UPMC, Muse´um National d’Histoire Naturelle, 57 Rue CuVier (C.P. 26), 75005 Paris, France, Biological Faculty, Saint-Petersburg State UniVersity, UniVersitetskaya nab. 7/9, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation, Centre d’Oce´anologie de Marseille, UMR 6540 DIMAR CNRS-UniVersite´delaMe´diterrane´e, Station Marine d’Endoume, Rue de la Batterie des Lions, 13007 Marseille, France, and SerVice de Microscopie Electronique, Muse´um National d’Histoire Naturelle, 57 Rue CuVier (C.P.39), 75005 Paris, France ReceiVed March 12, 2010 Chemical investigation of the Mediterranean calcareous sponge Clathrina clathrus led to the isolation of large amounts of a new 2-aminoimidazole alkaloid, named clathridimine (1), along with the known clathridine (2) and its zinc complex (3). The structure of the new metabolite was assigned by detailed spectroscopic analysis. Clathridimine (1) displayed selective anti-Escherichia coli and anti-Candida albicans activities. Clathridine (2) showed only anti-Candida albicans activity, and its zinc complex (3) exhibited selective anti-Staphylococcus aureus activity. The isolation of analogues of 2-amino-imidazole derivatives from several Leucetta species from various sites in the Pacific Ocean and the Red Sea raises the question of their biosynthetic origin. Microscopic studies revealed abundant extracellular bacteria located in the mesohyl of the sponge, with two predominant morphotypes including spiral bacteria and long, narrow bacilli. Chemical analysis with HPLC/UV/ELSD profiles of sponge cells separated from bacteria by differential centrifugation and trypsinization of the sponge cell surface revealed that clathridine (2) was localized in the sponge cells. Marine sponges are a rich source of structurally unique natural cytotoxic,23-25 anti-inflammatory,30 and antitumor activities.31 Most compounds, with many of them displaying a wide variety of biological of them have been isolated from species belonging to the genus activities.1 They are also known to host a wide diversity of microor- Leucetta (Haeckel 1872), in the subclass Calcinea, order Clathrinida, ganisms that can amount up to 40-60% of the biomass of the sponge and family Leucettidae in specimens collected from various 2-4 and exceed seawater concentrations by 2-4 orders of magnitude. geographical sites (Pacific Ocean and Red Sea). These compounds Recently, these associations have raised questions about the origins have also been isolated from nudibranchs of the genus Notodoris, 5,6 of the metabolites isolated from sponges. However, despite this which feed on these sponges and sequester the alkaloid pigments growing interest in marine symbiotic association research, the complex in their dorsal mantle.16-18,31 To date there is no hypothesis interactions between sponges and associated microsymbionts remain regarding their biosynthesis, but their isolation from several Leucetta difficult to investigate. Thus the putative origin of natural compounds species from various sites raises the question of their biosynthetic isolated from sponges is often inferred from cellular localization - origin. Currently, there is little microbiological information available data.7 12 on sponges belonging to the Clathrinidae family. There is only one As part of our ongoing investigations on sponges within the ultrastructural report of a homogeneous population of one mor- framework of the French program ECIMAR (Ecologie Chimique: phological type of Gram-negative elongated bacterium inhabiting Indicateurs de Biodiversite´ et Valorisation), we studied the chem- the aquiferous canal system of Clathrina cerebrum (Haeckel, 1872) istry and microbiology of the Mediterranean calcareous sponge and of rare coiled bacteria associated with choanocytes of Clathrina Clathrina clathrus (Schmidt, 1864) (Calcispongia, Calcinea, Clath- 33 rinida, Clathrinidae). Unlike Demospongiae, Calcispongia have been clathrus. minimally studied in terms of both chemistry and microbiology. The 1:1 CH2Cl2/MeOH extract of C. clathrus revealed interesting Furthermore, their relatively low microbial density and diversity, broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities against both Gram-positive as reported for example for the Calcinea species Pericharax (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) heteroraphis (Pole´jaeff, 1883)3,13 and for the Calcaronea species bacterial strains and against the yeast Candida albicans. The HPLC/ 2,13 Grantia compressa (Fabricius, 1780), might represent an UV/ELSD/MS profile of the 1:1 CH2Cl2/MeOH extract revealed advantage to better understand the origin of the secondary the presence of four metabolites belonging to the 2-aminoimidazole metabolites they produce and the putative role of their endosymbionts. alkaloid family: the new clathridimine (1), the known clathridine Calcareous sponges of the Calcinea subclass are known as sources (2), and two minor metabolites, namely, clathridine-zinc complex of 2-aminoimidazole alkaloids with more than 40 reported compounds (3) and preclathridine (4). including clathridines,14-17 naamidines and isonnamidines,17-25 and 18,19,21,22,26-29 The current report describes the isolation and purification of naamines and isonaamines. Some of these alkaloids - have promising biological activities such as antifungal,14,21 compounds 1 3, the structure elucidation of clathridimine (1), and the antimicrobial activities of 1-3. Furthermore, due to the detection of an abundant bacterial community within the sponge, morphologi- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +33 140 795 606. Fax: +33 140 793 135. E-mail: [email protected]. cally characterized with scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) † Laboratoire Mole´cules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro- electron microscopy, we investigated the cellular localization of organismes. these secondary metabolites. Chemical profiles of populations ‡ Laboratoire Biologie des Organismes et des Ecosyste`mes Aquatiques. enriched either in bacteria or in cell types of C. clathrus, separated § Saint-Petersbourg State University. ⊥ Centre d’Oce´anologie de Marseille. by differential centrifugation and trypsinization of the sponge cell | Service de Microscopie Electronique. surface, are presented. 10.1021/np100175x XXXX American Chemical Society and American Society of Pharmacognosy B Journal of Natural Products, XXXX, Vol. xxx, No. xx Roue´ et al. Figure 1. HPLC/ELSD chromatogram of the CH2Cl2/MeOH extract of Clathrina clathrus. Table 1. NMR Spectroscopic Data (CDCl3) for Clathridimine (1) a no. δC, mult. δH (J in Hz) HMBC 2 147.6, C Results and Discussion 4 133.9, C 5 115.9, CH 6.39, s 2, 4 The HPLC/ELSD chromatogram of the 1:1 CH2Cl2/MeOH 7 n.o.b extract (Figure 1), after desalinization on a C18 SPE column, 9 158.5, C revealed the presence of two major compounds, 1 and 2. Successive 11 163.2, C chromatographies of the extract on reversed-phase columns led to 12 32.2, CH3 3.67, s 2, 5 the isolation of three 2-aminoimidazole alkaloids, 1-3, belonging 13 25.6, CH3 3.17, s 9, 11 ′ ′ ′ to the clathridine family, as first suggested by the UV profiles. The 14 32.8, CH2 3.88, s 4, 5, 1 ,2,6 1′ 131.2, C structures of these natural products were determined by mass 2′ 109.1, CH 6.72, s 14, 3′,4′,6′ analysis and 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic studies. Preclathridine 3′ 147.9, C (4), previously isolated from the nudibranch Notodoris gardineri,16 4′ 146.6, C was also observed in the sponge extract, as deduced from LC/MS 5′ 105.4, CH 6.76, d (7.8) 1′,3′,4′ experiments, but the molecule was present in an amount too small 6′ 121.9, CH 6.70, d (7.8) 14, 2′,4′ ′ ′ ′ to be isolated. 7 101.0, CH2 5.93, s 3 ,4 Compound 2 was obtained as yellow crystals. Its molecular a HMBC correlations, optimized for 7 Hz, are from proton(s) stated to the indicated carbon. b n.o.: signal not unambiguously observed. formula C16H15N5O4 was obtained from its ESIMS, which showed the pseudomolecular ion [M + H]+ at m/z 342.1189, indicating the presence of 12 unsaturations in the molecule. Detailed examina- 163.2), were also reminiscent of clathridine (2) (Table 1). Com- tion of the spectroscopic data readily established its identity as parison of all these data indicated that in 1 one carbonyl group clathridine, an antifungal compound previously isolated from C. was replaced by one imino group. Its localization, out of the two 14 clathrus. possibilities (C-9 or C-11), was solved by the resonance at δC 158.5 Compound 1 was obtained as a yellow-orange solid. ESIMS corresponding to the carbon bearing the imino group in position showed the pseudomolecular ion [M + H]+ at m/z 341.1354, which C-9, as previously reported for (2E,9E)-pyronaamidine 9-(N- differed from that of clathridine (2) by only one dalton, and led to methylimine) (5), in which the ambiguity in the structure was 25 the molecular formula C16H16N6O3, implying the presence of 12 resolved through X-ray single-crystal diffraction analysis. There- unsaturations in the molecule. Comparison of its 1H
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 1 Microbiome Diversity and Host Immune Functions May Define the Fate of Sponge Holobionts
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.06.20.449181; this version posted June 20, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 Microbiome diversity and host immune functions may define the fate of sponge holobionts 2 under future ocean conditions 3 4 Running title: Sponge holobionts under future ocean conditions 5 6 Niño Posadas1, Jake Ivan P. Baquiran1, Michael Angelou L. Nada1, Michelle Kelly2, 7 Cecilia Conaco1* 8 9 1Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, 1101, 10 Philippines 11 2National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Ltd., Auckland, New Zealand 12 13 *Corresponding author: 14 Cecilia Conaco 15 E-mail: [email protected] 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.06.20.449181; this version posted June 20, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 24 Abstract 25 26 The sponge-associated microbial community contributes to the overall health and 27 adaptive capacity of the sponge holobiont. This community is regulated by the 28 environment, as well as the immune system of the host. However, little is known about 29 the effect of environmental stress on the regulation of host immune functions and how 30 this may, in turn, affect sponge-microbe interactions.
    [Show full text]
  • Review of the Mineralogy of Calcifying Sponges
    Dickinson College Dickinson Scholar Faculty and Staff Publications By Year Faculty and Staff Publications 12-2013 Not All Sponges Will Thrive in a High-CO2 Ocean: Review of the Mineralogy of Calcifying Sponges Abigail M. Smith Jade Berman Marcus M. Key, Jr. Dickinson College David J. Winter Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.dickinson.edu/faculty_publications Part of the Paleontology Commons Recommended Citation Smith, Abigail M.; Berman, Jade; Key,, Marcus M. Jr.; and Winter, David J., "Not All Sponges Will Thrive in a High-CO2 Ocean: Review of the Mineralogy of Calcifying Sponges" (2013). Dickinson College Faculty Publications. Paper 338. https://scholar.dickinson.edu/faculty_publications/338 This article is brought to you for free and open access by Dickinson Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion by an authorized administrator. For more information, please contact [email protected]. © 2013. Licensed under the Creative Commons http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by- nc-nd/4.0/ Elsevier Editorial System(tm) for Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology Manuscript Draft Manuscript Number: PALAEO7348R1 Title: Not all sponges will thrive in a high-CO2 ocean: Review of the mineralogy of calcifying sponges Article Type: Research Paper Keywords: sponges; Porifera; ocean acidification; calcite; aragonite; skeletal biomineralogy Corresponding Author: Dr. Abigail M Smith, PhD Corresponding Author's Institution: University of Otago First Author: Abigail M Smith, PhD Order of Authors: Abigail M Smith, PhD; Jade Berman, PhD; Marcus M Key Jr, PhD; David J Winter, PhD Abstract: Most marine sponges precipitate silicate skeletal elements, and it has been predicted that they would be among the few "winners" in an acidifying, high-CO2 ocean.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Species of the Calcareous Sponge Genus Leuclathrina (Calcarea: Calcinea: Clathrinida) from the Maldives
    Zootaxa 4382 (1): 147–158 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) http://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2018 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4382.1.5 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:B222C2D8-82FB-414C-A88F-44A12A837A21 A new species of the calcareous sponge genus Leuclathrina (Calcarea: Calcinea: Clathrinida) from the Maldives OLIVER VOIGT1,5, BERNHARD RUTHENSTEINER2, LAURA LEIVA1, BENEDETTA FRADUSCO1 & GERT WÖRHEIDE1,3,4 1Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology and Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Rich- ard-Wagner-Str. 10, 80333 München, Germany 2 SNSB - Zoologische Staatssammlung München, Sektion Evertebrata varia, Münchhausenstr. 21, 81247 München, Germany 3 GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, 80333 München, Germany 4SNSB - Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie, Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, 80333 München, Germany 5Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected], Tel.: +49 (0) 89 2180 6635; Fax: +49 (0) 89 2180 6601 Abstract The diversity and phylogenetic relationships of calcareous sponges are still not completely understood. Recent integrative approaches combined analyses of DNA and morphological observations. Such studies resulted in severe taxonomic revi- sions within the subclass Calcinea and provided the foundation for a phylogenetically meaningful classification. However, several genera are missing from DNA phylogenies and their relationship to other Calcinea remain uncertain. One of these genera is Leuclathrina (family Leucaltidae). We here describe a new species from the Maldives, Leuclathrina translucida sp. nov., which is only the second species of the genus. Like the type species Leuclathrina asconoides, the new species has a leuconoid aquiferous system and lacks a specialized choanoskeleton.
    [Show full text]
  • Benthic Field Guide 5.5.Indb
    Field Identifi cation Guide to Heard Island and McDonald Islands Benthic Invertebrates Invertebrates Benthic Moore Islands Kirrily and McDonald and Hibberd Ty Island Heard to Guide cation Identifi Field Field Identifi cation Guide to Heard Island and McDonald Islands Benthic Invertebrates A guide for scientifi c observers aboard fi shing vessels Little is known about the deep sea benthic invertebrate diversity in the territory of Heard Island and McDonald Islands (HIMI). In an initiative to help further our understanding, invertebrate surveys over the past seven years have now revealed more than 500 species, many of which are endemic. This is an essential reference guide to these species. Illustrated with hundreds of representative photographs, it includes brief narratives on the biology and ecology of the major taxonomic groups and characteristic features of common species. It is primarily aimed at scientifi c observers, and is intended to be used as both a training tool prior to deployment at-sea, and for use in making accurate identifi cations of invertebrate by catch when operating in the HIMI region. Many of the featured organisms are also found throughout the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean, the guide therefore having national appeal. Ty Hibberd and Kirrily Moore Australian Antarctic Division Fisheries Research and Development Corporation covers2.indd 113 11/8/09 2:55:44 PM Author: Hibberd, Ty. Title: Field identification guide to Heard Island and McDonald Islands benthic invertebrates : a guide for scientific observers aboard fishing vessels / Ty Hibberd, Kirrily Moore. Edition: 1st ed. ISBN: 9781876934156 (pbk.) Notes: Bibliography. Subjects: Benthic animals—Heard Island (Heard and McDonald Islands)--Identification.
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolution of the Mitochondrial Genomes of Calcareous Sponges and Cnidarians Ehsan Kayal Iowa State University
    Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Graduate Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2012 The evolution of the mitochondrial genomes of calcareous sponges and cnidarians Ehsan Kayal Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd Part of the Evolution Commons, and the Molecular Biology Commons Recommended Citation Kayal, Ehsan, "The ve olution of the mitochondrial genomes of calcareous sponges and cnidarians" (2012). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 12621. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/12621 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The evolution of the mitochondrial genomes of calcareous sponges and cnidarians by Ehsan Kayal A dissertation submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Major: Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Program of Study Committee Dennis V. Lavrov, Major Professor Anne Bronikowski John Downing Eric Henderson Stephan Q. Schneider Jeanne M. Serb Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2012 Copyright 2012, Ehsan Kayal ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ..........................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Porifera, Class Calcarea)
    Molecular Phylogenetic Evaluation of Classification and Scenarios of Character Evolution in Calcareous Sponges (Porifera, Class Calcarea) Oliver Voigt1, Eilika Wu¨ lfing1, Gert Wo¨ rheide1,2,3* 1 Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universita¨tMu¨nchen, Mu¨nchen, Germany, 2 GeoBio-Center LMU, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universita¨t Mu¨nchen, Mu¨nchen, Germany, 3 Bayerische Staatssammlung fu¨r Pala¨ontologie und Geologie, Mu¨nchen, Germany Abstract Calcareous sponges (Phylum Porifera, Class Calcarea) are known to be taxonomically difficult. Previous molecular studies have revealed many discrepancies between classically recognized taxa and the observed relationships at the order, family and genus levels; these inconsistencies question underlying hypotheses regarding the evolution of certain morphological characters. Therefore, we extended the available taxa and character set by sequencing the complete small subunit (SSU) rDNA and the almost complete large subunit (LSU) rDNA of additional key species and complemented this dataset by substantially increasing the length of available LSU sequences. Phylogenetic analyses provided new hypotheses about the relationships of Calcarea and about the evolution of certain morphological characters. We tested our phylogeny against competing phylogenetic hypotheses presented by previous classification systems. Our data reject the current order-level classification by again finding non-monophyletic Leucosolenida, Clathrinida and Murrayonida. In the subclass Calcinea, we recovered a clade that includes all species with a cortex, which is largely consistent with the previously proposed order Leucettida. Other orders that had been rejected in the current system were not found, but could not be rejected in our tests either. We found several additional families and genera polyphyletic: the families Leucascidae and Leucaltidae and the genus Leucetta in Calcinea, and in Calcaronea the family Amphoriscidae and the genus Ute.
    [Show full text]
  • Biomarker Chemotaxonomy of Hexactinellid Sponges
    Naturwissenschaften (2002) 89:60–66 DOI 10.1007/s00114-001-0284-9 SHORT COMMUNICATION Volker Thiel · Martin Blumenberg · Jens Hefter Thomas Pape · Shirley Pomponi · John Reed Joachim Reitner · Gert Wörheide · Walter Michaelis A chemical view of the most ancient metazoa – biomarker chemotaxonomy of hexactinellid sponges Received: 15 December 2000 / Accepted: 24 October 2001 / Published online: 10 January 2002 © Springer-Verlag 2002 Abstract Hexactinellid sponges are often considered to Introduction be the most ancient metazoans. Lipid biomarkers from 23 species were studied for information on their phylo- It is now well established that the Porifera (sponges) are genetic properties, particularly their disputed relation to true animals. Their basic mode of organization and their the two other sponge classes (Demospongiae, Calcarea). biochemical properties place them at the very base of the The most prominent lipid compounds in the Hexactinel- kingdom Metazoa. A characterization as ancestral organ- lida comprise C28 to C32 polyenoic fatty acids. Their isms seems particularly valid for the 450–500 species of structures parallel the unique patterns found in demo- the class Hexactinellida (see Hooper 2000). These spong- sponge membrane fatty acids (‘demospongic acids’) and es are considered to be an early branch within the Porif- strongly support a close phylogenetic association of the era, characterized by ‘hexactine’ siliceous spicules and a Demospongiae and the Hexactinellida. Both taxa also unique mode of soft body organization. Much of their tis- show unusual mid-chain methylated fatty acids sue consists of multinucleate cytoplasm (‘choanosyncy- (C15–C25) and irregular C25- and C40-isoprenoid hydro- tium’) comprising collared bodies, sharing a common nu- carbons, tracers for specific eubacteria and Archaea, re- cleus and linked together by plasmic bridges (Reiswig spectively.
    [Show full text]
  • Genetic Diversity of Selected Petrosiid Sponges
    Genetic diversity of selected petrosiid sponges Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Fakültat für Geowissenschaften der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München vorgelegt von Edwin Setiawan Aus Surakarta, Indonesien München, 10. September 2014 Betreuer : Prof. Dr. Gert Wörheide Zweigutachter : PD Dr. Dirk Erpenbeck Datum der mündlichen Prüfung : 20.10.2015 Acknowledgements Acknowledgements This project was financed by the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) through their PhD scholarship programme, and by the Naturalis Biodiversity Center Leiden (The Netherlands) through their Martin Fellowship programme. In addition, the project received financial support from Prof Dr. Gert Wörheide of the Molecular Palaeobiology Lab of the LMU in Munich. I would like to express my sincere gratitude for their generous support. Also, I would like to thank the following colleagues from my host institute in Indonesia, the Sepuluh November Institute of Technology in Surabaya: Dian Saptarini, Maya Shovitri, Tutik Nurhidayati, Eny Zulaikha, Dewi Hidayati, Awik Pudji Diah Nurhayati, Nurlita Abdulgani and Farid Kamal Muzaki. Furthermore, I would like to thank the employees of several Indonesian education and research institutions, especially Thomas Triadi Putranto from the Geology Department Diponegoro University in Semarang, Indar Sugiarto from the Electrical Engineering Department at the Petra Christian University in Surabaya, the head and staff of Karimun Jawa National Park in Semarang, Buharianto from the Slolop Dive Centre in Pasir Putih Beach in Situbondo. Also, I would like to thank Jean- Francois Flot from the Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organisation in Göttingen (Germany), John Hooper, and Merrick Ekins (Queensland Museum, Brisbane, Australia). I am equally thankful to everyone who has contributed to my fieldwork and helped me to complete my thesis.
    [Show full text]
  • Revalidation of Leucetta Floridana (Porifera, Calcarea) 3
    Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2009, 157, 1–16. With 7 figures Revalidation of Leucetta floridana (Haeckel, 1872) (Porifera, Calcarea): a widespread species in the tropical western Atlantic DIEGO VALDERRAMA1, ANDRÉ LINHARES ROSSI1, ANTONIO MATEO SOLÉ-CAVA1, HANS TORE RAPP2 and MICHELLE KLAUTAU1* 1Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Zoologia, 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 2University of Bergen, Bergen High Technology Centre, Department of Fisheries and Marine Biology, N-5020 Bergen, Norway Received 23 July 2008; accepted for publication 4 September 2008 There is no consensus as to the level of intraspecific morphological plasticity in calcareous sponges, and so many species described in the nineteenth century were lumped into a few supposedly very polymorphic species during the 20th century. Leucetta floridana was originally described from Florida, but was subsequently considered as a junior synonym of the Pacific species Leucetta microraphis, in spite of the presence, in L. floridana only, of two size classes of tetractine spicules. We have compared, through DNA sequencing (ribosomal internal transcribed spacers, ITS1 and ITS2) and detailed morphological analyses, samples of Leucetta cf. floridana from the Atlantic (three sites in the Caribbean, and five along the Brazilian coast), with L. microraphis from the Pacific (Australia and New Caledonia). Not only did the genetic and morphological analyses confirm the taxonomic validity of L. floridana, but they also detected the presence of a new species of Leucetta, morphologically similar to and living in sympatry with L. floridana in the Brazilian coast. © 2009 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2009, 157, 1–16.
    [Show full text]
  • Global Diversity of Sponges (Porifera)
    OPEN 3 ACCESS Freely available online tlos one Review Global Diversity of Sponges (Porifera) Rob W. M. Van Soest1*, Nicole Boury-Esnault2, Jean Vacelet2, Martin Dohrmann3, Dirk Erpenbeck4, Nicole J. De Voogd1, Nadiezhda Santodomingo5, Bart Vanhoorne6, Michelle Kelly7, John N. 8A. Hooper 1 Netherlands Centre for Biodiversity Naturalis, Leiden, The Netherlands, 2 Aix-Marseille University, Centre d'Océanologie de Marseille, CNRS, DIMAR, UMR 6540, Marseille, France, 3 Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., United States of America, 4 Department of Earth- and Environmental Sciences & GeoBio-Center LMU, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany, 5 Paleontology Department, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom, 6 Flanders Marine Institute - VLIZ, Innovocean Site, Oostende, Belgium, 7 National Centre for Aquatic Biodiversity & Biosecurity, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand, 8 Queensland Museum, South Brisbane, Queensland, and Eskitis Institute for Cell & Molecular Therapies, Griffiths University, Queensland, Australia These chambers have a lining of flagella-bearing cells (choano­ Abstract: With the completion of a single unified cytes, Fig. 1C) that generate the water currents necessary for the classification, the Systema Porifera (SP) and subsequent unique filtering activity characteristic to sponges. An exception to development of an online species database, the World this is in the so-called carnivorous sponges, highly adapted deep- Porifera Database (WPD), we are now equipped to provide sea forms, in which the aquiferous system is non-existent, but a first comprehensive picture of the global biodiversity of which have a sticky outer surface with which small prey animals the Porifera.
    [Show full text]
  • Compiled by Moses John Amos Fisheries Department, Port Vila VANUATU
    Vanuatu Fisheries Resource Profile VANUATU FISHERIES RESOURCE PROFILES Compiled by Moses John Amos Fisheries Department, Port Vila VANUATU Sponsored by The International Waters Programme of the Vanuatu node funded by GEF, Implemented by UNDP and executed by SPREP 1 Vanuatu Fisheries Resource Profile The PREFACE The International Waters Programme of the Vanuatu node funded by GEF implemented by UNDP and executed by SPREP was requested to provide funding assistance for the review and up date the “Republic of Vanuatu Fisheries Resource Profiles” prepared by Lui A. J Bell and Moses J. Amos in 1993. The purpose of the profiles were to: • provide information for the Government on the level of fresh water and marine resources available for appropriate development planning and instigating regulatory controls for resource conservation and management; • facilitate the dissemination of information and data that are required within government, local communities as well as regionally and internationally; and, • facilitate the provision of concise and timely information required by potential investors. The Terms of Reference for the review are as follows: • Undertake library research to collate and assess all existing documentation, data. Images, etc.., which provides information relating to the resource identity, and abundance, distribution, exploitation, marketing and current management measures in Vanuatu; • Based on the information examined and the Fisheries Resource Profile for Vanuatu prepared by FFA in 1991: i. provide and update list for fresh water and marine resources to include their identity, abundance and local distribution, ii. describe the utilization of the resources including the exploitation and marketing information of each resource, and; iii. describe current management (including proposed management plans) for each resource described.
    [Show full text]
  • Irish Biodiversity: a Taxonomic Inventory of Fauna
    Irish Biodiversity: a taxonomic inventory of fauna Irish Wildlife Manual No. 38 Irish Biodiversity: a taxonomic inventory of fauna S. E. Ferriss, K. G. Smith, and T. P. Inskipp (editors) Citations: Ferriss, S. E., Smith K. G., & Inskipp T. P. (eds.) Irish Biodiversity: a taxonomic inventory of fauna. Irish Wildlife Manuals, No. 38. National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of Environment, Heritage and Local Government, Dublin, Ireland. Section author (2009) Section title . In: Ferriss, S. E., Smith K. G., & Inskipp T. P. (eds.) Irish Biodiversity: a taxonomic inventory of fauna. Irish Wildlife Manuals, No. 38. National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of Environment, Heritage and Local Government, Dublin, Ireland. Cover photos: © Kevin G. Smith and Sarah E. Ferriss Irish Wildlife Manuals Series Editors: N. Kingston and F. Marnell © National Parks and Wildlife Service 2009 ISSN 1393 - 6670 Inventory of Irish fauna ____________________ TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary.............................................................................................................................................1 Acknowledgements.............................................................................................................................................2 Introduction ..........................................................................................................................................................3 Methodology........................................................................................................................................................................3
    [Show full text]