Calcareous Sponges of Indonesia

Home , Amphoriscidae, Clathrina, Clathrinidae, Ernstia, Leucettidae

Zootaxa 3951 (1): 001–105 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Monograph ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2015 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3951.1.1 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:E7007E10-EC53-4B2E-9F9F-26E18B46AD8B ZOOTAXA

3951

Calcareous sponges of Indonesia

ROB W.M. VAN SOEST* & NICOLE J. DE VOOGD Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9617, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands, E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] *Corresponding author

Magnolia Press Auckland, New Zealand

Accepted by M. Klautau: 9 Mar. 2015; published: 30 Apr. 2015 Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0 ROB W.M. VAN SOEST & NICOLE J. DE VOOGD Calcareous sponges of Indonesia (Zootaxa 3951) 105 pp.; 30 cm. 30 Apr. 2015 ISBN 978-1-77557-683-9 (paperback) ISBN 978-1-77557-684-6 (Online edition)

FIRST PUBLISHED IN 2015 BY Magnolia Press P.O. Box 41-383 Auckland 1346 New Zealand e-mail: [email protected] http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/

ISSN 1175-5326 (Print edition) ISSN 1175-5334 (Online edition)

Abstract ...... 4 Introduction ...... 4 Materials and methods...... 5 Results ...... 6 Systematic descriptions ...... 6 Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836...... 6 Class Calcarea Bowerbank, 1864 ...... 6 Subclass Calcinea Bidder, 1898...... 6 Order Clathrinida Hartman, 1958 ...... 6 Family Clathrinidae Minchin, 1900...... 7 Genus Clathrina Gray, 1867 ...... 7 Clathrina purpurea sp.nov...... 7 Clathrina chrysea Borojevic & Klautau, 2000 ...... 9 Clathrina heronensis Wörheide & Hooper, 1999 ...... 10 Clathrina beckingae sp. nov...... 10 Clathrina aff. luteoculcitellaWörheide & Hooper, 1999 ...... 13 Clathrina sororcula sp. nov...... 14 Clathrina stipitata (Dendy, 1891) comb. nov...... 16 Genus Arthuria Klautau, Azevedo, Cóndor-Luján, Rapp, Collins & Russo, 2013...... 17 Arthuria tenuipilosa (Dendy, 1905) ...... 17 Arthuria tubuloreticulosa sp. nov...... 20 Genus Ernstia Klautau, Azevedo, Cóndor-Luján, Rapp, Collins & Russo, 2013...... 21 Ernstia indonesiae sp. nov...... 21 Ernstia chrysops sp. nov...... 23 Ernstia klautauae sp. nov...... 27 Ernstia naturalis sp. nov...... 28 Family Levinellidae Borojevic & Boury-Esnault, 1986 ...... 30 Genus Burtonulla Borojevic & Boury-Esnault, 1986 ...... 30 Burtonulla sibogae Borojevic & Boury-Esnault, 1986...... 31 Family Leucaltidae Dendy & Row, 1913 ...... 33 Genus Ascandra Haeckel, 1872...... 33 Ascandra kakaban sp. nov...... 36 Ascandra crewsi sp. nov...... 36 Genus Leucaltis Haeckel, 1872 ...... 39 Leucaltis nodusgordii (Poléjaeff, 1883) comb. nov...... 39 Family Leucascidae Dendy, 1893 ...... 44 Genus Ascaltis Haeckel, 1872 ...... 44 Ascaltis angusta sp. nov...... 44 Genus Leucascus Dendy, 1893 ...... 47 Leucascus flavus Cavalcanti, Rapp & Klautau, 2013 ...... 47 Genus Ascoleucetta Dendy & Frederick, 1924 ...... 49 Ascoleucetta sagittata Cavalcanti, Rapp & Klautau, 2013 ...... 49 Family Leucettidae De Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 51 Genus Leucetta Haeckel, 1872 ...... 51 Leucetta chagosensis Dendy, 1913 ...... 51 Leucetta microraphis Haeckel, 1872...... 54 Genus Pericharax Poléjaeff, 1883...... 57 Pericharax orientalis sp. nov...... 57 Order Murrayonida Vacelet, 1981 ...... 61 Family Lelapiellidae Vacelet, 1977 ...... 61 Genus Lelapiella Vacelet, 1977 ...... 61 Lelapiella sphaerulifera Vacelet, 1977 ...... 61 Subclass Calcaronea Bidder, 1898...... 61 Order Leucosolenida Hartman, 1958...... 61 Family Sycettidae Dendy, 1893...... 61 Genus Sycetta Haeckel, 1872 ...... 61 Sycetta vinitincta sp. nov...... 62 Genus Sycon Risso, 1827...... 66 Sycon spec...... 66 Family Grantiidae Dendy, 1893...... 69 Genus Leucandra Haeckel, 1872...... 69 Leucandra irregularis (Burton, 1930) comb. nov...... 69

CALCAREOUS SPONGES OF INDONESIA Zootaxa 3951 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press · 3 Family Jenkinidae Borojevic, Boury-Esnault & Vacelet, 2000...... 72 Genus Anamixilla Poléjaeff, 1883 ...... 72 Anamixilla torresi Poléjaeff, 1883 ...... 72 Anamixilla singaporensis sp. nov...... 74 Genus Uteopsis Dendy & Row, 1913 ...... 76 Uteopsis argentea (Poléjaeff, 1883) ...... 76 Family Heteropiidae Dendy, 1893...... 80 Genus Sycettusa Haeckel, 1872...... 80 Sycettusa sibogae (Burton, 1930) ...... 80 Genus Grantessa Von Lendenfeld, 1885...... 82 Grantessa borojevici sp. nov...... 82 Grantessa tenhoveni sp. nov...... 84 Genus Heteropia Carter, 1886 ...... 87 Heteropia minor Burton, 1930 ...... 87 Genus Vosmaeropsis Dendy, 1893...... 91 Vosmaeropsis grisea Tanita, 1939 ...... 91 Family Amphoriscidae Dendy, 1893 ...... 93 Genus Amphoriscus Haeckel, 1872 ...... 93 Amphoriscus semoni Breitfuss, 1896 ...... 93 Genus Leucilla Haeckel, 1872...... 95 Leucilla australiensis (Carter, 1886)...... 95 Additional Indonesian Calcarea not represented in the present collections ...... 97 Arthuria darwinii (Haeckel, 1870) comb. nov...... 98 Leucosolenia sertularia (Haeckel, 1872) ...... 98 Clathrina flexilis (Haeckel, 1872) comb. nov...... 98 Grantia capillosa var. longipilis sensu Breitfuss, 1896 ...... 98 Aphroceras caespitosa (Haeckel, 1872) ...... 99 Eilhardia schulzei Poléjaeff, 1883 ...... 99 Discussion ...... 99 Acknowledgements ...... 101 References ...... 102

Abstract

The calcareous sponges collected during Indonesian-Dutch research projects, incorporated in the collections of the Natu- ralis Biodiversity Center (formerly the Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie and the Zoölogisch Museum of the Univer- sity of Amsterdam), are described and discussed. A total of 37 species were distinguished, of which 16 are new to science, while several others are very poorly known. The new species are Clathrina purpurea sp.nov., Clathrina beckingae sp.nov., Clathrina sororcula sp.nov., Arthuria tubuloreticulosa sp.nov., Ernstia indonesiae sp.nov., Ernstia chrysops sp.nov., Ernstia klautauae sp.nov., Ernstia naturalis sp.nov., Ascandra kakaban sp.nov., Ascandra crewsi sp.nov., As- caltis angusta sp.nov., Pericharax orientalis sp.nov., Sycetta vinitincta sp.nov., Anamixilla singaporensis sp.nov., Grant- essa borojevici sp.nov. and Grantessa tenhoveni sp.nov. An additional six species reported from Indonesia, but not represented in our material, are briefly characterized.

Keywords: Porifera, Calcarea, new species,South East Asia, Indonesia

Introduction

Indonesia and surrounding region, often named the Coral Triangle (e.g. Hoeksema 2007; 2013), comprises a generally recognized biodiversity hotspot. For most marine animal groups, the region shows enhanced numbers of higher and lower taxa, and especially for sessile biota the area is the richest of all oceans (Briggs 1974). Sponges are probably no exception, although this is obscured by a distinct research effort bias (Van Soest et al. 2013). Whereas quite a lot of data has been published for the region on the largest sponge class, the Demospongiae Sollas (1885) (cf. Van Soest 1989; Van Soest 1997; Hooper et al. 2002), the information on diversity in the Coral Triangle of one of the smaller classes, the rather enigmatic Calcarea Bowerbank, 1864 is largely lacking. In fact, the World Porifera Database (Van Soest et al. 2015) lists only 12 ‘accepted’ species from Indonesia, which comprise the species originally described (‘endemics’) from Indonesia. Earlier, Haeckel (1872) described three species from