TheThe longlong ShiShi’’ii CenturyCentury

Shrine of ‘Ali at Kerbala AfterAfter thethe AbbasidsAbbasids

 TheThe newnew shapeshape ofof thethe caliphatecaliphate  EconomicEconomic transformationstransformations –– iqtaiqta systemsystem  TheThe militarymilitary –– ghulamghulam  ConversionConversion  ReligiousReligious factionalismfactionalism

FromFrom ‘‘AlidsAlids toto ShiShi’’aa

 TheThe threethree typestypes –– IsmailiIsmaili (7ers),(7ers), ImamiImami (12ers),(12ers), ZaydisZaydis FromFrom ‘‘AlidsAlids toto ShiShi’’aa (cont.)(cont.)

 NotionNotion ofof thethe ImamateImamate  OccultationOccultation ((ghaybaghayba)) andand thethe mahdimahdi  ShiiteShiite specificspecific doctrinesdoctrines  SunniSunni identityidentity inin oppositionopposition –– AbbasidAbbasid caliphalcaliphal supportsupport (al(al--QadirQadir r.r. 991991--1031)1031) andand thethe GhaznavidsGhaznavids TheThe ShiiteShiite DynastiesDynasties

 BuyidsBuyids (12er?)(12er?)  HamdanidsHamdanids (12er)(12er)  QarmatiansQarmatians ((IsmailiIsmaili –– nono mahdimahdi))  FatimidsFatimids ((IsmailiIsmaili -- mahdimahdi))

TheThe BuyidsBuyids (930s(930s--1040s)1040s)

 OriginsOrigins inin DaylamDaylam  ThreeThree kingdomskingdoms –– BaghdadBaghdad (Iraq),(Iraq), Fars,Fars, RayyRayy andand alal--JibalJibal  RoleRole ofof thethe wizirwizir andand statusstatus asas amiramir alal- - umaraumara ’’  FederationFederation oror Empire?Empire?  MilitaryMilitary rulerule byby ethnicethnic outsidersoutsiders  ‘‘AdudAdud alal--DawlaDawla (d.(d. 983)983)  TheThe problematicproblematic worldworld ofof BaghdadBaghdad –– TurkishTurkish associationassociation withwith SunniSunni causecause HamdanidsHamdanids (10(10thth c.)c.)

 OriginsOrigins inin thethe BanuBanu TaghlibTaghlib (Syrian(Syrian JaziraJazira))  TwoTwo mainmain centerscenters –– MosulMosul ((NasirNasir alal-- DawlaDawla )) andand AleppoAleppo ((SayfSayf alal--DawlaDawla))  ImportanceImportance ofof thethe ghilmanghilman (s.(s. ghulamghulam))  RelationsRelations withwith BaghdadBaghdad andand EgyptEgypt –– politicalpolitical straddlingstraddling  ProblemsProblems ofof thethe jihadjihad

QarmatiansQarmatians

 PoliticalPolitical dissidentsdissidents –– rebellingrebelling againstagainst thethe weakenedweakened ‘‘AbbasidAbbasid statestate  BaseBase inin SyrianSyrian steppe,steppe, laterlater BahraynBahrayn ((HasaHasa ))  TheThe missionarymissionary modelmodel  899899 breakbreak withwith thethe IsmailiIsmaili FatimidsFatimids  AA democraticdemocratic state?state?

TheThe FatimidFatimid CaliphateCaliphate

 UbaydUbayd AllahAllah assumesassumes mantlemantle ofof thethe mahdimahdi  MissionizingMissionizing successsuccess inin NorthNorth AfricaAfrica  EstablishmentEstablishment ofof CaliphateCaliphate andand capitalcapital ofof MahdiyyaMahdiyya  BerberBerber supportsupport essentialessential  SightsSights setset onon EgyptEgypt –– butbut mustmust firstfirst controlcontrol thethe MaghribMaghrib  969969 JawharJawhar (general)(general) finallyfinally takestakes EgyptEgypt –– alal-- QahiraQahira isis foundedfounded MahdiyyaMahdiyya TheThe FatimidFatimid DynastyDynasty AfterAfter thethe EgyptianEgyptian ConquestConquest

 The Syrian problem – i.e. what to do with the Qaramita th  Late 11th century control outside of Egypt challenged by Turks Late 11 century control outside of Egypt challenged by Turks (Levant), Zirids and Banu Hilal (N. Africa)

th  12th c. Crusader threats

 1169-1171 fall to the Ayyubid dynasty 1169 -1171 fall to the Ayyubid dynasty