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Energiewende Perspektiven Und Instrumente

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Energiewende Perspektiven Und Instrumente Arbeitskreis Energie Energiewende Perspektiven und Instrumente Vorträge auf der DPG-Frühjahrstagung Rostock 2019 Herausgegeben von Hardo Bruhns Arbeitskreis Energie in der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft Vorträge auf der DPG-Tagung 2019 in Rostock Herausgeber: Die Grafik des Einbandes wurde Arbeitskreis Energie (AKE) in der DPG mit freundlicher Genehmigung der Prof. Dr. Hardo Bruhns Autoren unter Verwendung von Meliesallee 5 Abbildungen aus einigen Beiträgen 40597 Düsseldorf dieses Bandes gestaltet. E-Mail: [email protected] Energie Perspektiven und Instrumente Energy Perspectives and Instruments Vorträge auf der DPG-Frühjahrstagung in Rostock 2019 Arbeitskreis Energie in der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft Herausgegeben von Hardo Bruhns Bad Honnef, 2019 Frühjahrstagung des Arbeitskreises Energie in der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft Rostock, 11. bis 15. März 2019 Haupt- und Fachvorträge Invited Talks Inhaltsverzeichnis / Table of Contents Introduction 7 Sessions and invited talks 8 Abstracts 9 Die Energiewende geht in die nächste Phase – wichtige Merkmale der 21 künftigen Energieversorgung C. Stephanos, F. Ausfelder, B. Erlach, K. Schätzler, C. Stemmler Bioenergie heute und was kann/muss die energetische 38 Biomasseverwertung bis 2030 bzw. 2050 leisten? M. Nelles, R. Glowacki, I. Hartmann, V. Lenz, J. Liebetrau, F. Müller- Langer, S. Narra, D. Thrän Review of inertial confinement fusion and Fast Ignition driven by intense, 52 laser generated proton beams M. Roth Neutron generation by laser-driven proton sources 61 M. Roth A safe, reliable and regenerative electrical energy supply to power the future 69 H. Weber, N. Ahmed Numerical modelling for the exploration of shallow geothermal energy 86 systems H. Shao Die Rolle der Fernwärme bei der Umsetzung der Energiewende 92 M. Krämer Revision, fabrication and survey of a scaled rotor blade for tank tests of 100 floating wind trubine systems F. Adam, T. Zwiesele, P. Schünemann Decommissioning of nuclear power facilities 117 Th. W. Tromm, S. Gentes Towards an effective climate protection approach after Paris: A revised 128 concept of economic environmental policy instruments F. Ekardt Impressum These proceedings comprise written versions of invited talks given at the sessions of the Energy Working Group (AKE) during the Spring and Annual Conference 2019 of the German Physical Society held in the premises of the University of Rostock. Viewgraphs of presentations (if provided by the speakers) can be accessed from the website of the Energy Group https://www.ake.dpg-physik.de (please follow the link to the archive of the Energy Group). My thanks extend to all those who provided contributions to this volume. Der vorliegende Band versammelt schriftliche Ausarbeitungen von Vorträgen des Arbeitskreises Energie auf der Frühjahrs- und Jahrestagung 2018 der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft in den Räumen der Universität Erlangen. Leider ist es nicht gelungen, von allen Vortragenden Manuskripte zu erhalten. Die Präsentationsfolien von Vorträgen (soweit von den Sprechern zur Verfügung gestellt) können auf der Webseite des Arbeitskreises eingesehen werden über: https://www.ake.dpg-physik.de (von dort gelangt man zum Archiv des AKE). Allen, die zu diesem Sammelband beigetragen haben, sei an dieser Stelle sehr herzlich gedankt. Düsseldorf, im August 2019 Hardo Bruhns Introduction Presentations at the sessions of the Energy Working Group (Arbeitskreis Energie, AKE) at the Spring Conferences of the German Physical Society (DPG aim at providing an overview of major ongoing developments towards sustainable energy supply and use. In a varying composition major strands of energy R&D and technology are being presented covering physical, chemical, biological geological, engineering and socio-economic disciplines. Following tradition these proceedings document part of the invited papers as well as abstracts of all talks given at the conference. A first focus of this year’s programme is on nuclear fusion where first significant results from the large Stellarator W7-X and developments at the National Ignition Facility (Livermore, USA) (AKE 1) will be reported. Nuclear fission will be phased out in Germany shortly (while internationally a strong development is being pursued). This requires technological developments and societal decisions for decommissioning of nuclear power plants and for the subsequent storage of radioactive waste (AKE 3). Wind and Photovoltaics are on the way to provide the major share of energy supply. Being fluctuating they require back-up, novel grid technologies (AKE 10), large storage systems based on chemical energy (PV VI/AKE 7) and/or involving underground (geological) storage (AKE 11) as well as integration (coupling) of all sectors of energy use (AKE 6). While an impressive development is continuing with Si-based technologies, photovoltaics hold promises to win new applications with multi-band thin-film technologies based on novel materials (AKE 2). Off-shore wind technologies are progressing at a rapid pace. The dominant wind potential being located beyond shallow coastal waters, floating wind turbines gain increasingly attention (AKE 9). Despite the advances in renewable technologies they remain uncompetitive as long as societal and environmental (external) costs of energy are not internalized, e.g. via a carbon tax (AKE 5). Bio-energy based on biomass is by far the dominant non-fluctuating renewable energy source. Technologies are being further optimized (AKE 8). Concurrently the development of synthetic (solar) fuels, in particular for mobility applications, is progressing along different tracks (AKE 4, AKE 12, see also proceedings of last year’s presentations). Furthermore, a perspective for sustainable hybrid-electric aircraft propulsion is being investigated (AKE 4). Mitigation of the global climate change has become the most distinguished task of energy research. Current observations of ice melting in the Antarctic and its far reaching consequences are being addressed as an exemplary aspect of climate research. Furthermore the societal considerations for a climate compatible development and its likely inconsistency with growth society are being investigated with regard to the potential technological and economical instruments to accomplish this transition in compliance with regulatory consequences of the Paris Climate Agreement with its legally binding path towards a zero- emission world within a much shorter time frame than so far understood. (AKE 13) Novel technologies enter the renewable energy market via start-ups as well as established industry. In a joint symposium (SYIT/AKE 14) with jDPG and AIW examples are presented: a novel approach to hydrogen technologies with a liquid organic hydrogen carrier (LOHC), energy-related meteorological services and new technologies for wind turbines. The role of physicists in energy related industries is being addressed in a ensuing panel discussion folloWednesday by an open get-together. The sequence of presentations is in part a consequence of constraints in speaker’s availability. Hardo Bruhns 7 Fachsitzungen / Sessions AKE 1.1–1.3 Monday 10:30–11:45 Nuclear Fusion AKE 2.1–2.1 Monday 11:45–12:15 Photovoltaics AKE 3.1–3.3 Monday 14:00–15:30 Decommissioning of Nuclear Facilities and Final Repository AKE 4.1–4.2 Monday15:30–16:45 Mobility: Hybrid-electric Aviation and Synthetic Fuels AKE 5.1–5.3 Monday 16:45–17:45 Intermittent Renewable Energy Supply AKE 6.1–6.3 Tuesday 16:15–17:45 Sector Coupling AKE 7.1–7.1 Wednesday 9:00– 9:45 PV X: Chemical Energy Storage (joint session PV/AKE) AKE 8.1–8.1 Wednesday 10:30–11:00 Bioenergy AKE 9.1–9.1 Wednesday 11:00–11:30 Wind Energy AKE 10.1–10.2 Wednesday 11:30–12:15 Distributed Energy Generation, Electrical Grids AKE 11.1–11.3 Wednesday 14:00–15:15 Geological Energy Storage and Geothermal Energy AKE 12.1–12.2 Wednesday 15:15–16:00 Artificial Photosynthesis, CO2-Reduction AKE 13.1–13.2 Wednesday 16:15–17:15 Climate Change AKE 14.1–14.5 Thursday 10:30–14:00 Industrietag: Physiker in der Energietechnik (joint session SYIT/AKE) 8 Abstracts1 aller Vorträge der Erlanger Tagung des Arbeitskreises Energie in der DPG of all presentations at the sessions of the DPG Energy Working Group Invited Talk AKE 1.1 (21) Mon 10:30 U A-Esch 1 Wendelstein 7-X - Erste Ergebnisse auf dem Weg zum stationären Betrieb *Torsten Stange und das W7-X Team — Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Wendel- steinstr. 1, 17491 Greifswald Das weltweit fortschrittlichste Stellaratorexperiment ist Ende 2015 in Betrieb gegangen. Dem folgten zwei weitere Betriebsphasen. Neben der integralen Inbetriebnahme der sehr komplexen Anlage, die mit 70 supraleitenden Spulen ein Hochtemperaturplasma einschließt, dienten diese ersten Experimente dazu, herauszufinden, inwieweit bereits Aussagen über dem Design der Anlage zugrundeliegenden Optimierung gemacht werden können. Mit noch ungekühlten Wandkomponenten im Plasmagefäß war die Pulslänge zwar begrenzt. Es konnten jedoch bereits Plasmazustände erreicht werden, die für den Nachweis der Optimierung der Magnetfeldkonfiguration und den späteren Dauerstrichbetrieb notwendig sind. Dazu gehören Elektronen- und Ionentemperaturen bis knapp 4 keV und Plasmadichten jenseits der 1020 m−3. Zusammengenommen wurde sogar der bisherige Weltrekord für das Fusionstripelprodukt in Stellaratoren übertroffen. Der Vortrag berichtet über die ersten experimentellen Ergebnisse und erklärt deren Relevanz für das Erreichen stationärer Hochleistungsplasmen. AKE 1.2 (16) Mon 11:00 U A-Esch 1 Systems
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