DOCSLIB.ORG

Increase of Acceptability Period of Musca Domestic L., 1758 (Diptera

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Increase of Acceptability Period of Musca Domestic L., 1758 (Diptera 2013 International Nuclear Atlantic Conference - INAC 2013 Recife, PE, Brazil, November 24-29, 2013 ASSOCIAÇÃO BRASILEIRA DE ENERGIA NUCLEAR - ABEN ISBN: 978-85-99141-05-2 INCREASE OF ACCEPTABILITY PERIOD OF Musca domestic L., 1758 (DIPTERA: MUSCIDAE) PUPAE, IRRADIATED BY GAMMA RADIATION AS HOST OF THE PUPAL PARASITOID Spalangia endius, Walker, 1839 (HYMENOPTERA: PTEROMALIDAE) Natanael M. Itepan1, Sara E. D. Z. Itepan2 and Valter Arthur3 1 Instituto Federal de São Paulo – IFSP - Área de Física Rua Diácono Jair de Oliveira, 1005 - Santa Rosa. 13423204 Piracicaba, SP [email protected] 2 Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto – FFCLRP - USP Av. Bandeirantes, 3900 05508000 Ribeirão Preto, SP. [email protected] 3Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura – CENA - USP LIARE Av. Centenário, 303 13400970 Piracicaba, SP [email protected] ABSTRACT This experiment was carried out in Biological Control of Domestic Fly "Eduardo Hiroshi Mizumoto" Laboratory at Entomology and Acarology Department (LEA/ESALQ/USP) and in Food Irradiation and Radioentomology Laboratory (LIARE/CENA/USP). The gamma radiation source used was a Co-60 irradiator model Gammabeam-650 of the Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd. whose activity in the beginning of the experiments was 9.8x1013 Bq. (2,644 Ci). The lots of pupae of Musca domestic L., 1758 and the parasitoid Spalangia endius Walker, 1839 had been kept in acclimatized room with 25 ± 2°C of temperature and 70 ± 5% of relative humidity. This experiment was designed to investigate if the non-viabilization M. domestic pupae, using gamma radiation, could build up the acceptability period as host of the pupal parasitoid S. endius. At these age intervals, the dose to prevent adult emergence was 25, 220, 360 and 520 Gy respectively. The 1, 2, 3 and 4 days old pupae were irradiated (dose rate: 1,510 Gy/hr) and exposed to the parasitoid S. endius at a proportion of one female parasitoid to five housefly pupae, during different periods after the irradiation. The results allow us to conclude that irradiation increase the acceptability period of the housefly pupae by the parasitoid. The best age to irradiate the housefly pupae was one day. 1. INTRODUTION The pressing necessity of increasing the animal protein availability in rational and economic way, gave origin to the modern systems of animal production. These systems cause a great manure accumulation, with enormous potential for the proliferation of synantropic flies. The flies are of great importance in doctor-veterinary medicine, therefore they are transmitters of some pathogenic agents (virus, rickettsia, bacteria and protozoa), act in the egg dissemination of helminthes [1,2]. The Family Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera: Cahlcidoidea) includes great number of species parasites, many with a very important paper as agents in the control of synanthropic flies [3]. Although they are gifts in the field, it does not have an adjusted number to exert good control [4]. However, with the mass creation of these parasitoids in laboratory [5], and repeated releases, they can thus, to win the great potential reproductive of these plagues, and to get a satisfactory control level [4,5,6,7,8]. Leading experiments the field level had observed that Muscidifurax uniraptor and Pachycrepoideus vindemiae acted in the surface and until 3 cm of depth, in manure poultry, already Spalangia spp attacked the hosts located between 5 to 10 cm depth [9]. The success achieved with the release was facilitated by extensive laboratory studies that determined the increased efficiency control of parasitoid S. endius [10]. These studies were used to develop a computer model to simulate the control of M. S. domestica endius [11]. Figure 1 shows the relationship between host and parasitoids. Figura1. Diagram of the model of interaction between Musca domestica and pupal parasitoid Spalangia endius [11]. The irradiations cause its deleterious effect in the muscles that help the adult to emerge, provoking partial or complete insufficiency of this process. However, pupas not viable, in the majority of the cases, contain completely imago [13]. The technique of the irradiation in the creation of parasitoids is used for the inhibition of the emergency of the flies and the elimination of the multiparasitism for the maintenance of pure colonies of parasitoids [12]. Pupae of M. domestica with: 0-1, 1-2, 2-3, 3-4, 4-5 days radiating them with rate of dose of 2020 Gy/hour, got LD100 respectively: 100, 250, 450, 850 and 1350Gy [14]. One of the important factors in the radio sensitivity of some insects is the dose rate employed [15]. The objective of this work was to test the possibility to increase the period of acceptability of pupae, M. domestica, as hostess of the parasitoid S. endius, with the irradiation process. INAC 2013, Recife, PE, Brazil. 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS This experiment was carried out in Biological Control of Domestic Fly "Eduardo Hiroshi Mizumoto" Laboratory at Entomology and Acarology Department (LEA/ESALQ/USP) and in Food Irradiation and Radioentomology Laboratory (LIARE/CENA/USP). The used species, S. endius and M. domestica had been gotten of colonies kept for the Laboratory of Biological Control. The radiation source used gamma was a irradiator of Co-60 type Gammabeam 650, of the Atomic Energy of Canada - Ltd., whose activity in the beginning of the experiments was of 9,8x1013 Bq. (2644Ci). The lots of pupae of M. domestica had been kept in room acclimatized with temperature of 25 ± 2°C and 70 relative humidity of ± 5%, until reaching, the desired ages. To evaluate the acceptability of pupae radiated by the parasitoid, the doses for pupae of 1, 2, 3 and 4 days had been respectively: 25, 220, 360 and 540 Gy, with rate of dose of 1510 Gy/hour. Each treatment had 5 repetitions, with 20 pupae each. The ratio host: parasitoid was: 5:1. Each repetition was conditioned in a polystyrene cup, with capacity of 250 ml, whose cover the central part was extracted, and glues a screen to allow the gaseous exchanges. In each repetition one was placed of cotton piece absorbed in water and another one in honey solution 25%. After the exposition of pupas to the parasitoids, by an interval of 1 day, each repetition was individualized in a glass pipe of 2,3 cm of diameter for 9 cm of height, closing with a peace of cotton water-repellent, where if it gave to the emergency of the parasitoids and flies. They had been carried through the counting of the emerged parasitoids of each repetition. The experiment followed the casualization project entirely contends the following factor: * Irradiation, with the following levels: pupas radiated with 1, 2, 3 and 4 days, and pupas not radiated, * Interval of age where pupa was displayed to the parasitism with the following levels: 1 to 2, 2 to 3, 3 to 4, 4 to 5, 5 to 6, 6 to 7, 7 to 8, 8 to 9, and 9 to 10 days. For pupas radiated the interval of exposition to the parasitoid it was not up to 4 the 5 days; therefore after this period occurs the emergency of the adults of the house fly. For the analysis the level of 1 factor was fixed in relation to the levels of the other factor. Statistics distribution free was used, by means of the test Qui-square [12]. 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The lineage of the parasitoid S. endius is gifts Table 1. The analysis of the results, for the test Qui-square, to a level of significance of 5%, is gifts in Table 2. Analyzing pupae radiated one does not perceive that it does not have difference in the lineage of S. endius in the intervals of the age of pupa. It inside did not have difference of the 4 tested intervals, between radiated pupae of not irradiates [15,16]. Pupae radiated with 2, 3 and 4 days had provided an increase of acceptability in 1 day; already radiated with the 1 day this period drew out in 2 days. The irradiation obtained to draw out the period of acceptability of pupae for the parasitoids. Pupae when radiated with 1 day, they had been the ones that had presented greater period of acceptability (with 5% of significance). Dissecting pupae made impracticable, noticed that the irradiation does not affect histogenesis, therefore all the imago had presented completely [12]. INAC 2013, Recife, PE, Brazil. Table 1 Lineage of gotten S. endius of pupae of M. domestica submitted to the treatments: not radiated, radiated with 1, 2, 3 and 4 days of age and displayed to the parasitoids in different intervals of the age of pupas (of 1 the 2 up to 9 the 10 days). Intervals of Repetitions TREATMENTS exposition to No Irradiated Irradiated Irradiated Irradiated the parasitoid irradiated with 1 day with 2 day with 3 day with 4 day 1 15 14 - - - - - - 2 16 15 - - - - - - 1 to 2 days 3 12 17 - - - - - - 4 15 14 - - - - - - 5 9 16 - - - - - - Total-Average 67 (13,4) 76 (15,2) 1 15 11 16 - - - - 2 14 12 12 - - - - 2 to 3 days 3 9 14 15 - - - - 4 17 14 14 - - - - 5 8 9 14 - - - - Total-Average 63 (12,6) 60 (12,0) 71 (14,2) 1 13 11 8 5 - - 2 10 10 15 10 - - 3 to 4 days 3 8 12 11 4 - - 4 14 12 11 8 - - 5 15 11 12 6 - - Total-Average 65 (13,0) 56 (11,2) 57 (11,4) 33 (6,6) 1 8 10 11 8 10 2 5 12 14 5 8 4 to 5 days 3 8 12 9 8 6 4 6 9 11 8 15 5 8 8 10 6 9 Total-Average 35 ( 7,0) 51 (10,2) 55 (11,0) 35 (7,0) 48 (9,6) 1 - - 2 1 2 0 2 - - 5 0 1 0 5 to 6 days 3 - - 3 1 0 1 4 - - 5 1 2 0 5 - - 5 1 0 0 Total-Average 20 (4,0) 4 (0,8) 5 (1,0) 2 (0,4) 1 - - 1 0 0 0 2 - - 1 0 0 0 6 to 7 days 3 - - 0 0 0 0 4 - - 2 0 0 0 5 - - 0 0 0 0 Total-Average 4 (0,8) 0 (0,0) 0 (0,0) 0 (0,0) 1 - - 0 0 0 0 2 - - 0 0 0 0 7 to 8 days 3 - - 0 0 0 0 4 - - 0 0 0 0 5 - - 0 0 0 0 Total-Average 0 (0,0) 0 (0,0) 0 (0,0) 0 (0,0) 1 - - 0 0 0 0 2 - - 0 0 0 0 8 to 9 days 3 - - 0 0 0 0 4 - - 0 0 0 0 5 - - 0 0 0 0 Total-Average 0 (0,0) 0 (0,0) 0 (0,0) 0 (0,0) INAC 2013, Recife, PE, Brazil.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Hymenopteran Pupal Parasitoids Recovered from House Fly and Stable Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) Pupae Collected on Livestock Facilities in Southern and Eastern Hungary
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln U.S. Department of Agriculture: Agricultural Publications from USDA-ARS / UNL Faculty Research Service, Lincoln, Nebraska 2001 Hymenopteran Pupal Parasitoids Recovered from House Fly and Stable Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) Pupae Collected on Livestock Facilities in Southern and Eastern Hungary Jerome A. Hogsette USDA-ARS Róbert Farkas Szent Istvan University Csaba Thuróczy Systematic Parasitoid Laboratory Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usdaarsfacpub Part of the Agricultural Science Commons Hogsette, Jerome A.; Farkas, Róbert; and Thuróczy, Csaba, "Hymenopteran Pupal Parasitoids Recovered from House Fly and Stable Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) Pupae Collected on Livestock Facilities in Southern and Eastern Hungary" (2001). Publications from USDA-ARS / UNL Faculty. 991. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usdaarsfacpub/991 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the U.S. Department of Agriculture: Agricultural Research Service, Lincoln, Nebraska at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Publications from USDA-ARS / UNL Faculty by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. BIOLOGICAL CONTROL Hymenopteran Pupal Parasitoids Recovered from House Fly and Stable Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) Pupae Collected on Livestock Facilities in Southern and Eastern Hungary 1 2 JEROME A. HOGSETTE, RO´ BERT FARKAS, AND CSABA THURO´ CZY Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, USDAÐARS, P.O. Box 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604 Environ. Entomol. 30(1): 107Ð111 (2001) ABSTRACT This Þeld survey, the second noting the occurrence and diversity of Þlth ßy pupal parasitoid fauna in Hungary, was performed on beef and dairy feedlots and swine facilities in the southern and eastern parts of the country.
    [Show full text]
  • Online Dictionary of Invertebrate Zoology Parasitology, Harold W
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Armand R. Maggenti Online Dictionary of Invertebrate Zoology Parasitology, Harold W. Manter Laboratory of September 2005 Online Dictionary of Invertebrate Zoology: P Mary Ann Basinger Maggenti University of California-Davis Armand R. Maggenti University of California, Davis Scott Gardner [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/onlinedictinvertzoology Part of the Zoology Commons Maggenti, Mary Ann Basinger; Maggenti, Armand R.; and Gardner, Scott, "Online Dictionary of Invertebrate Zoology: P" (2005). Armand R. Maggenti Online Dictionary of Invertebrate Zoology. 9. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/onlinedictinvertzoology/9 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Parasitology, Harold W. Manter Laboratory of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Armand R. Maggenti Online Dictionary of Invertebrate Zoology by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Online Dictionary of Invertebrate Zoology 651 palaeartic region A zoogeographical region encompassing P Europe and northern Asia including Japan, the Middle and Near East and areas along the southern coast of the Medi- terranean Sea. palatal a. [L. palatum, palate] 1. Belonging to the outer lip. 2. P 1 In Mendel's laws, the first parental generation; parents of a (MOLL: Gastropoda) Referring to folds and lamellae of the given individual of the F 1 generation. shell. pachynema n. [Gr. pachys, thick; nema, thread] Thickened, palatal setae (ARTHRO: Insecta) In Culicidae, four small pe- paired chromosomes of meiosis prophase I, third stage; glike cibarial setae located on the anterior hard palate.
    [Show full text]
  • Musca Domestica L.) Management in Poultry
    The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School Department of Entomology HOUSE FLY (MUSCA DOMESTICA L.) MANAGEMENT IN POULTRY PRODUCTION USING FUNGAL BIOPESTICIDES A Dissertation in Entomology by Naworaj Acharya 2015 Naworaj Acharya Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy May 2015 The dissertation of Naworaj Acharya was reviewed and approved* by the following: Matthew B. Thomas Professor and Huck Scholar in Ecological Entomology Dissertation Co-Adviser Co-Chair of Committee Edwin G. Rajotte Professor of Entomology Dissertation Co-Adviser Co-Chair of Committee Mary Barbercheck Professor of Entomology Nina E. Jenkins Senior Research Associate Paul Patterson Professor of Poultry Science Gary Felton Professor of Entomology Head of the Department of Entomology *Signatures are on file in the Graduate School iii ABSTRACT House flies, Musca domestica L., are economically and medically important insect pests in poultry production facilities. Standard, chemical pesticide-based control options for flies are becoming increasingly difficult due to insecticide resistance and regulatory constraints. Biopesticides based on naturally occurring fungal pathogens could provide an alternative tool for integrated pest management (IPM) in poultry production. Here we addressed several issues related to field application, persistence and performance of fungal biopesticides against flies. We demonstrated that residual spray treatments of fungal biopesticides, Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae could sustainably suppress fly populations through lethal and sub-lethal impacts on reproductive output. The study developed a cost-effective field delivery system whereby teneral adult flies are targeted via the application of oil-formulated spores to the lower portions of basement walls where flies momentarily rest to harden themselves following emergence.
    [Show full text]
  • The Pathogenicity of Fusarium Spp. to Wheat Stem Sawfly
    THE PATHOGENICITY OF FUSARIUM SPP. TO WHEAT STEM SAWFLY, Cephus cinctus NORTON (HYMENOPTERA: CEPHIDAE) by Zhitan Sun A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Plant Sciences MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY Bozeman, Montana February 2008 ©COPYRIGHT by Zhitan Sun 2008 All Rights Reserved ii APPROVAL of a dissertation submitted by Zhitan Sun This dissertation has been read by each member of the dissertation committee and has been found to be satisfactory regarding content, English usage, format, citation, bibliographic style, and consistency, and is ready for submission to the Division of Graduate Education. Dr. David K. Weaver (Chairperson, Graduate Committee) Dr. Alan T. Dyer (Co-chairperson, Graduate Committee) Approved for the Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology Dr. John E. Sherwood Approved for the Division of Graduate Education Dr. Carl A. Fox iii STATEMENT OF PERMISSION TO USE In presenting this dissertation in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a doctoral degree at Montana State University, I agree that the Library shall make it available to borrowers under rules of the Library. I further agree that copying of this dissertation is allowable only for scholarly purposes, consistent with “fair use” as prescribed in the U.S. Copyright Law. Requests for extensive copying or reproduction of this dissertation should be referred to ProQuest Information and Learning, 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106, to whom I have granted “the exclusive right to reproduce and distribute my dissertation in and from microform along with the non- exclusive right to reproduce and distribute my abstract in any format in whole or in part.” Zhitan Sun February 2008 iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am indebted to my graduate committee, David K.
    [Show full text]
  • Tachinidae Bigot 1853
    Dr Francesco Fiume Tachinidae Bigot 1853 Taxonomy of Tachinidae family Clade Natura Clade Mundus Plinius Superdominium/Superdomain Biota Bernard Pelletier 2012 Domain Eukaryota (Chatton 1925) Whittaker et Margulis 1978 Clade Amorphea Adl 2005 Clade Opisthokonta (Cavalier Smith 1987) Adl 2005 Clade Holozoa Lang et al . 2002 Kingdom Animalia Linnaeus 1758 Clade Epitheliozoa Ax 1996 Subkingdom Eumetazoa Bütschli 1910 Clade Bilateria Hatschek 1888 Clade Eubilateria Ax 1987 or (synonym) Nephrozoa Jondelius et al. 2002 Clade Protostomia Grobben 1908 Clade Ecdysozoa Aguinaldo et al . 1997 Superphylum Panarthropoda Nielsen 1995 Phylum Arthropoda von Siebold 1848 Clade Euarthropoda Lankester 1904 Clade Mandibulata Snodgrass 1938 Clade Crustaceomorpha Chernyshev 1960 Clade Labrophora Siveter, Waloszek et Williams 2003 Subphylum Pancrustacea Zrzavý et al . 1997 Clade Altocrustacea Regier et al . 2010 Clade Miracrustacea Regier et al . 2010 Superclass Exapoda Latreille 1825 Class Insecta Linnaeus 1758 Clade Dicondylia Hennig 1953 Subclass Pterygota Lang 1888 Infraclass Neoptera van der Wulp 1890 Clade Eumetabola Hennig 1953 Clade Holometabola Heider 1889 or (synonym) Endopterygota Sharp 1898 Superordo Panorpida Kristensen 1981 or (synonym) Mecoptera Hyatt et Arms 1891 Clade Antliophora Henning 1969 Order Diptera Linnaeus 1758 Suborder Brachycera Schiner 1862 Section Cyclorrhapha Brauer 1863 Infraorder Muscomorpha McAlpine 1989 Section Schizophora Becher 1882 Subsection Calyptratae Robineau-Desvoidy 1830 Superfamily Oestroidea Latreille 1817 Family Tachinidae Bigot 1853. Generality The Tachinidae are a large and variable family of true flies within the insect order Diptera , with more than 8,200 known species and many more to be discovered. Over 1300 species have been described in North America alone. Insects in this family commonly are called tachina flies or simply tachinids.
    [Show full text]
  • Xeat3uqmqmugc91ivv4fyp9p3sru
    SECRETARÍA DE AGRICULTURA, GANADERÍA, DESARROLLO RURAL, PESCA Y ALIMENTACIÓN ING. ALBERTO CÁRDENAS JIMÉNEZ Secretario ING. FRANCISCO LÓPEZ TOSTADO Subsecretario de Agricultura y Ganadería ING. ANTONIO RUÍZ GARCÍA Subsecretario de Desarrollo Rural LIC. JEFFREY MAX JONES JONES Subsecretario de Fomento a los Agronegocios ING. JOSÉ LUÍS LÓPEZ DÍAS BARRIGA Oficial Mayor ING. ALEJANDRO ZUÑIGA CAMACHO Delegado en Michoacán INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE INVESTIGACIONES FORESTALES, AGRÍCOLAS Y PECUARIAS DR. PEDRO BRAJCICH GALLEGOS Director General DR. SALVADOR FERNÁNDEZ RIVERA Coordinador de Investigación, Innovación y Vinculación DR. ENRIQUE ASTENGO LÓPEZ Coordinador de Planeación y Desarrollo LIC. MARCIAL ALFREDO GARCÍA MORTEO Coordinador de Administración y Sistemas CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIÓN REGIONAL PACIFICO CENTRO DR. KEIR FRANCISCO BYERLY MURPHY Director Regional DR. FERNANDO DE LA TORRE SÁNCHEZ Director de Investigación M.C. PRIMITIVO DÍAZ MEDEROS Director de Planeación y desarrollo C.P. JOSÉ RAMÓN DELFIN Director de Administración DR. IGNACIO VIDALES FERNÁNDEZ Director de Coordinación y Vinculación en Michoacán y Jefe del Campo Experimental Uruapan ENEMIGOS NATURALES DE LAS PLAGAS AGRÍCOLAS Del maíz y otros cultivos Dr. Fernando Bahena Juárez Investigador en Manejo Agroecológico de Plagas Agrícolas del Campo Experimental Uruapan. CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIÓN REGIONAL DEL PACÍFICO CENTRO CAMPO EXPERIMENTAL URUAPAN Libro Técnico Núm. 5 Diciembre de 2008 ENEMIGOS NATURALES DE LAS PLAGAS AGRÍCOLAS Del maíz y otros cultivos No está permitida la reproducción total o parcial de esta publicación, ni la transmisión de ninguna forma o por cualquier medio, ya sea electrónico, mecánico, fotocopia, por registro u otros métodos, sin el permiso previo y por escrito de la Institución. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias.
    [Show full text]
  • Applied Entomology Course
    NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA (NOUN) COURSE CODE: BIO 414 COURSE TITLE : APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY COURSE UNITS : 3 UNITS 1 CONTENTS PAGE Module 1…………………………………………………………………………. 3 Unit 1 Introduction to the Systematics of Insects and Mites……………………. 3 Unit 2 Biology of Major Economically Important Insects………………………. 14 Unit 3 Biology of Major Economically Important Mites……………………….. 26 Unit 4 Roles of Insects and Mites as Pests and Parasites………………………… 32 Module 2…………………………………………………………………………. 41 Unit 1 Chemical Pest Control Methods and Their Formulations………………… 41 Unit 2 Metabolisms and Behaviour in the Environment…………………………..54 Unit 3 Problems of Resistance…………………………………………………… 88 Unit 4 Integrated Pest Management……………………………………………… 97 Module 3………………………………………………………………………….. 109 Unit 1 Alternative Control Strategies: Insect-Plant Co-Evolution………………. 109 Unit 2 Plant Resistance and Insect Numbers……………………………………… 127 Unit 3 Insect-Insect Relationships………………………………………………… 141 Unit 4 Manipulating Insect Behaviour…………………………………………… 156 Module 4…………………………………………………………………………. 177 Unit 1 Alternative Control Strategies: Semio-Chemicals………………………. 177 Unit 2 Alternative Control Strategies: Sterile – Insect Technique……………… 186 Unit 3 Pest Forecasting…………………………………………………………... 206 . 2 MODULE 1 Unit 1 Introduction to the Systematics of Insects and Mites Unit 2 Biology of Major Economically Important Insects Unit 3 Biology of Major Economically Important Mites Unit 4 Roles of Insects and Mites as Pests and Parasites UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION TO THE SYSTEMATICS OF INSECTS
    [Show full text]
  • Hymenoptera: Braconidae)
    Royal Entomological Society HANDBOOKS FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF BRITISH INSECTS To purchase current handbooks and to download out-of-print parts visit: http://www.royensoc.co.uk/publications/index.htm This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License. Copyright © Royal Entomological Society 2012 Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects Vol. 7, Part 11 CLASSIFICATION AND BIOLOGY OF BRACONID WASPS (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE) M. R. Shaw and T. Huddleston ROYAL ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON flandbooksforthe Identification of British Insects Vol. 7, Part 11 Editors: W. R. Dolling & R. R. Askew CLASSIFICATION AND BIOLOGY OF BRACONID WASPS (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE) By M. R. Shaw Department of Natural History, Royal Museum of Scotland, Edinburgh EHllJF. and T. Huddleston / Department of Entomology, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD. 1991 ROYAL ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON The aim of the Handbooks is to provide illustrated identification keys to the insects of Britain, together with concise morphological, biological and distributional information. The series also includes a Check List of British Insects. Each part should serve both as an introduction to a particular group of insects and as an identification manual. Details of handbooks currently available can be obtained from Publications Sales, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD. World List abbreviation: Handbk !dent. Br. Insects ©Royal Entomological Society of London, 1991 First published 1991 by the British Museum (Natural History) at TheN atural History Museum, London ISBN 0 901546 77 1 Photoset by Row land Phototypesetting Ltd Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk Printed in Great Britain by Henry Ling Ltd, at the Dorset Press, Dorchester, Dorset Contents Page Introduction .
    [Show full text]
  • Parasitoid Wasps, Natural Enemies of Insects - A
    TROPICAL BIOLOGY AND CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT – Vol.VII - Parasitoid Wasps, Natural Enemies of Insects - A. Bone PARASITOID WASPS, NATURAL ENEMIES OF INSECTS A. Bonet Department of Entomology, Instituto de Ecología A. C., Mexico Keywords: Augmentative biological control, ectoparasitoid, endoparasitoid, endosymbionts, idiobiont, koinobiont, mitigation, multitrophic interactions, natural enemies, ovigeny index, parasitism, parasitoids, polydnaviruses, provigeny, synovigeny, Trichogramma, Wolbachia Contents 1. Introduction 2. Parasitoidism (= parasitism), important mode of life in Hymenoptera 3. Evolution of Hymenoptera parasitoids 4. Parasitoid biology 4.1 Developmental Strategies of Parasitoids 4.1.1 Ectoparasitoids 4.1.2 Endoparasitoids 5. Parasitoid Behavioral Ecology 5.1 Foraging and Optimization Theory with Parasitoids 5.2 Parasitoid Interactions through Infochemicals 6. Multitrophic interactions in natural and modified communities 7. Augmentative biological control with parasitoids in the Neotropics 7.1 A Success Case Study, Biological Control of Agricultural Pests with Trichogramma in Brazil, 20 Years of Research, Maintenance and Release of Trichogramma 7.2 Search for New Parasitoids against Bruchid Pests in one of the Domestication Centers of Beans (legume pulses), a Mexican Example 8. Digital information resources about parasitic wasps 9. Conclusion Acknowledgements Glossary Bibliography Biographical Sketch UNESCO – EOLSS Summary Parasitoid wasps are important insects in the Neotropics. They are consumers (third and fourth trophic level)SAMPLE in the food web and pl ayCHAPTERS a vital role, in a multitrophic interaction context, in natural communities. Their high diversity (240,000 species) and major radiation in Hymenoptera relies on the successful parasitism mode of life. Notorious representative families are in Chalcidoidea and Ichneumonoidea (200,000 species). Here, we address recent developments in parasitoid evolutionary history, developmental strategies, endosymbionts, behavioral ecology, and their role in natural and modified communities.
    [Show full text]
  • Terminology of Entomology a Brief Dictionary
    Terminology of Entomology A Brief Dictionary Neetu Kachhwaha (M.Sc., Ph.D) Assistant Professor Department of Zoology University of Rajasthan, Jaipur Rajasthan- India 2018 Ideal International E – Publication Pvt. Ltd. www.isca.co.in 427, Palhar Nagar, RAPTC, VIP-Road, Indore-452005 (MP) INDIA Phone: +91-731-2616100, Mobile: +91-80570-83382 E-mail: [email protected] , Website: www.isca.co.in Title: Terminology of Entomology A Brief Dictionary Author(s): Dr. Neetu Kachhwaha Edition: First Volume: I © Copyright Reserved 2018 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored, in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, reordering or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. ISBN: 978-93-86675-59-0 Terminology of Entomology A Brief Dictionary iii Preface The branch of biology dealing with the insects refers to the Entomology and it is a unique branch having many terms which are not known to the students. Therefore, this e-book is proposed to help the students in the form of dictionary. This is a kind of handbook which could be efficiently used in determining the terms of entomology online. The text is designed in an easy way for M.Sc. students, where entomology is a special branch in Masters in Zoology, also the students of M.Sc. Entomology and for the students facing competitive examinations. This book has been divided into various sections; Section I – Terminology of Entomology, Section II- Some interesting facts about insects, Section III- Order name and a brief classification, Section IV- Various Important Diseases and Section V- Contribution of scientists.
    [Show full text]
  • The Genetic Structure of Northeastern
    University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Doctoral Dissertations 1896 - February 2014 1-1-1995 The genetic structure of northeastern populations of the tachinid Compsilura concinnata (Meigen), an introduced parasitoid of exotic forest defoliators of North America. Vicente Sánchez University of Massachusetts Amherst Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations_1 Recommended Citation Sánchez, Vicente, "The genetic structure of northeastern populations of the tachinid Compsilura concinnata (Meigen), an introduced parasitoid of exotic forest defoliators of North America." (1995). Doctoral Dissertations 1896 - February 2014. 5657. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations_1/5657 This Open Access Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations 1896 - February 2014 by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE GENETIC STRUCTURE OF NORTHEASTERN POPULATIONS OF THE TACHINID COMPSILURA CONCINNATA (MEIGEN), AN INTRODUCED PARASITOID OF EXOTIC FOREST DEFOLIATORS OF NORTH AMERICA. A Dissertation Presented by VICENTE SANCHEZ Submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Massachusetts Amherst in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY May 1995 Department of Entomology © Copyright by Vicente Sanchez All Rights Reserved THE GENETIC STRUCTURE OF NORTHEASTERN POPULATIONS OF THE TACHINID COMPSILURA CONCINNATA (MEIGEN), AN INTRODUCED PARASITOID OF EXOTIC FOREST DEFOLIATORS OF NORTH AMERICA. A Dissertation Presented by VICENTE SANCHEZ Approved as to style and content by: Powell, Member Ring T. Carde, Department Head Entomology DEDICATION mi querida esposa Idalia, y dos bellas hijas Eva y Aurora, sin cuyo apoyo y carino no fuese posible este viaje.
    [Show full text]