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INDEX

Abbas the Great, Shah of Persia, 289 Afriea, British Central, heart of Boa eatea Abbot of Unreason, 586 to make eater brave in, 495 Abchases of the Caucasus, 534 --, East, sec1usion and purificatioa of Abduetion of souls by demons, 186 man-slayers in, 214; infanticide in, Absence and reeall of the soul, 180 293; propitiation of dead lions in, 5:1:1 Abstinenee, 136, 138 --, Nortb, charms to render bridegroom Abydos, 366; speeially associated with impotent in, 241; Midsummer ftres in, Osiris, 367 631 Abeokuta, the Alake of, 295 --, Soutb, rat's hair as a charm in, 31 ; Abipones of Paraguay, 254 continence in war in, :In; sec1usion of Abonsam, an evil spiIit, 55$ man-slayers in, 214; disposal of eut Abruzzl, the Camival in the, 303 hair and nails in, 235; magic use of Abscesses, eure for, 539 spittle in, 237; personal names tabooed Abyssinia, rain-making in, 66; rain- in, 247; rites of in, 497; making priests on the borders of, 107 seelusion of gilIs at puberty in, 595; Acagchemem tribe of Califomia, 499 dread of menstruous women in, 604; Acaill, Book of, 273 story of the extemal soul in, 677 Acosta, J. de, 587 --, West, magica1 funetions of chiefs in, Acts, tabooed, 194-202 85; reverence for silk-cotton trees in, Adam of Bremen, 160 1 I2; kings forced to accept office in, Adon, a Semitie title, 325 176; fetish kings in, 177; traps set for Adonis, and Aphrodite (Venus), 7, 8, 328 ; souls in, 187; puriftcation after a the myth of, 324-7; in Syria, 327-9; joumey in, 197; eustom as to biood in Cyprus, 329-35; ritual of, 335-41; shed on tbe ground, 229; rain-charms, the gardens of, 341-7; in relation to 234; negroes of, 236; human sacriftces the pig, 471 in, 433, 570; propitiation of dead Adonis, tbe river, 328, 336 leopard in, 523; the extemal soul in, Adoption, pretence of birtb at, 14 684; ritual of death and resurreetion Adultery of wife tbougbt to spoil the luek in, 697 of absent busband, 23, 24 Afterbirth, contagious magie of, 39-41 Aegira, priestess of Earth at, 94 Agar Dinka, the, 270 Aegis, Atbena and tbe, 477 Agarie, superstitions as to, 6IS , and tbe Golden Bough, 3, 163, 703, Agdestis, a man-monster, 349 706, 707; his vision of tbe glories of Age of magie, 55, 56 Rome, 149 Agni, Indian ftre-god, 708 Aeolus, King of tbe Winds, 81 Agrieultural year, expulsion of demons Aeseulapius, 5, Ul, 301 timed to coineide with seasons of the, Afgbanistan, ceremony at the reception of 575 strangers in, 196 Agrionia, festival at Orcbomenus, 291 Africa, magieians, especially rain-makers, ACU, Mount, in Togo, wind-fetish on, SI; as chiefs and kings in, 84-6; human fetish priest on, 169 gods in, 98; ruIes of life or taboos ob• Ague, eure for, 545, 546 served by kings in, 169-72; reluetance Abt or Nootka Indians, 599 of peopIe to tell their OWU names in, Ainos, 481, 496, 515, 528, 530, 532; 01 :147; seelusion of girls at puberty in, Japan, 252, 505,506,660; ofSaghalien, 595; dread and seclusioa of menstruous 20,509 women in, 604; birth-trees in, 6S1 Akikuyu of Britlsh East Afrlca, 145. 604 INDEX

Aladdin and the Wonderful Lamp, Roman Ammon, the god, 142,477,500 version 0 f, 67 I Amoy, spirits who draw away the souls of Alake, the, of Abeokuta, 295 ehildren at, 186 Alaska, respect of hunters for dead sables Amphictyon, king of Athens, 155 and bears in, 525; expulsion of evils in, Amulets, 109, 242, 243, 679, 680 55 I; seclusion of girls at puberty in, Amulius Silvius, 149 600 Anabis, human god at, 96 Alba Longa, 148; kings of, 149 Anaitis, Persian goddess, 331 Alban dynasty, 149; hills, 148; lake, Anatomie 0/ Abtlscs, 123 149; mountain, 149, ISO, 167 Ancestor, wooden image of, 679 Albania, milk-stones in, 34; mock lamen• Ancestors, prayers to, 71; sacrifices to, tations for locusts and beetles in, 531 ; 72; souls of, in trees, 11 5; names of, expulsion of Kore on Easter Eve in, 560 ; bestowed on their reinearnations, 256 the Yule log in, 638 Ancus lIIarcius, Roman king, 158 Albanians of the Caucasus, 251, 571 Andaman Islanders, 192 Albigenscs worshipped each other, 101 Anderida, forest of, 109 Alchemy leads up to chemistry, 92 Andes, the Peruvian, 79; the Colombian, Aleuts of Alaska, 221 104 Alexandria, festival of Adonis at, 335 Anemone, the searlet, 336 Alexandrian calendar, 374; year,373 Angamis, Eastern, of Manipur, 64 Alfai, rain-making priest, 107 Angola, the Matiamvo of, 271 Alfoors, of the island of Buru, 250; of Angoni, the, 73, 214 CentralCeIebes,181, 690; ofHalmahera, Angoniland, rain-making in, 63 548; of Minahassa, 94, 95, 186, 482, Angoy, king of, 273 492; of Poso, 248 Anhouri, Egyptian god, 265 Algeria, Midsummer fires in, 631 AnimaI, killing the divine, 499-518; and Algidus, Mount, 150, 164 man, sympathetic relation between, 700 Algonquins, 144- Animals, homoeopathic magie of, 31; All-heaIcr, name applied to mistletoe, assoeiation of ideas common to the, 54 ; 659-61 rain-making by means of, 72; injured All Saints' Day, 634, 636 through theirshadows, 190; propitiation AU Souls, feast of, 360 of tbe spirits of slain, 217, 220; tom to Allan, lohn Hay, on the Hays of Errol, 702 pieces and devoured in religious rites, Allatu, Babylonian goddess, 326, 327 390, 391; so-called unclean, origina11y All-Ha11ows (All Saints' Day), 173 sacred, 472; belief in the descent of Almond, causes virgin to conccive, 347; men from, 473; resurrection of, 516, the father of a11 things, 347 528, 529; wild, propitiation of, 518-32 ; Alpheus, the sacred, 110 two forms of the worship of, 532; pro• Alqamar, tribe of nomads, 64 cessions with sacred, 535; transferenee AIsace, May-trees in, 121; the Little May of evil to, 540-42; as scapegoats, 540, Rose in, 125; stuffed goat or fox at 565, 568, 570, 576; burnt at festivals, threshing in, 457; cats burnt in Easter 655,656; perhaps deemed embodiments bonfires in, 656 of witches, 657. 658; externaI soul in, Altmark, the May Bride at Whitsuntide 683-9 1 in the, 135; Easter bonfires in thc, 615, Animism, the Buddhist, not a philosophica1 616 theory, 112; passing into polytheism, Alvarado, Pedro de, Spanish general, 687 II7 Amaxosa Cafires, 52z Anjea, mythieaI being, 39 Amazon, Indians at the mouth of the, 581 Anna Kuari, an Oraon goddess, 434 Amboyna, rice in bloom treated like a Annam, ceremonies observed when a whale pregnant woman, 115; ceremony to is washed ashore in, 223 fertilise clove-trees in, 137; fear to lose Anointing stones, in order to avert bullets the shadow at noon in, 191; siek people from absent warriors, 26; in a rain• sprinkled with pungent spices in, 196; charm, 76 superstition regarding hair in, 680 Anointment, of weapon whieh eaused America, power of medicine men in North, wound, 41 ; of priest at installation, 174 87; continence in Central, 138; the Anthropomorphism of the spirits of nature, Corn Mother in, 412; personification of 423 maize in North, 419; first-fruit cere• Antigonus, King, 97 monies in, 486, 487 Antioch, festival of Adonis at, 336, 346 American Indians, 29, 63, 82, 87, III, 136, Antrim, harvest customs in, 404 138, 214, 244, 246, 252, 253, 256, 264, An ts, bites of, used in purificatory eere• 522_ See also North Ameriean Indians monies, 195, 601; for lethargie patients, Amethysts as charms, 34, 85 496 INDEX

ADubls, the jaekal-headed god, 366, 367, Artemis, 120, 140, 141; ud Hippolytns, 374 4-7; and Apollo, 120; 01 Ephesus, 141, Anula tribe of Northem Australia, 64, 72, 349; at Perga, 330; the Hanged, 355 693 Aru Islands, eustom 01 not sleeping after Apaehes, the, 76, zu a death in the, 182; dog's lIesh eaten to Apalai Indians, 195 make eater brave, 496 Ape, a Batak totem, 6g1 Arunta 01 Central Australla, 17, 603 Aphrodite, 4; and Adonis, 7, 327, 335; Arval Brothers, 224, 578 the mouming, of the Lebanon, 329; Aryan god of thunder, 638 sanetuary of, 330; and Cinyras and Aryans, magical powers ascribed to kings. Pygmalion, 332; her blood dyes white 89; in Europe, 1I0, 159, 161, 163, 656, roses red, 336 665 ; descent 01 kingship through Apis, sacred Egyptian bull, 335, 365, 476, women, 155; 01 ancient India, 490; 501 their use of the saered oak-wood, 666; Apollo, prophetess of, 95; image of, in stories of the extemal soul, 668; rever• sacred cave at Hylae, 95; and Artemis, ence for the oak, 709 120; at Delphi, 265; his musical con• Ascension Day, 312, 702 test with Marsyas, 354; identified with Ascetie idealism of the East, 139 the Celtie Grannus, 6u Ash-tree in popular eures, 546, 682 Apollo Diradiotes, inspired priestess at Ash VVednesday, 302, 304, 305, 461, 614 temple of, 94 Ashantees, 497 Apologies offered to trees, u3, u5, u6; Ashes, in magie, 30-32, 72, 76; of human by savages to the animals they kill, 520, victims seattered on fields, 378-80, 433, 52 3 436-8,442, 443; of bonfires, use of, 6n, Apoyaos, head-hunters, 433 615, 621, 635, 645, 646; of Midsummer Apple-tree, barren women roll under, to fires, 626, 629, 631, 632; of the Yule log, obtain ofIspring, 120; straw man placed 637; of the need-fire, 640 on oldf'.5t, 467; torehes thrown at, 610 ; Asia Minor, pontiffs in, 9; human seape• as life-index of boy, 682 goats in, 579 Arabeharms, 31, 242; name for the scarlet Asongtata, annual ceremony performed by anemone, 336 the Garos of Assam, 568 Arabia, belief as to shadows in aneient, Asopus, the river, 143 190; camel as seapegoat in, 540 Aspalis, a form 01 Artemis, 355 Arabian Nights, story of the extemal soul Ass, in eure for scorpion's bite, 544 in the, 674 Assam, the hill tribes of, taboos observed Arabs, of Moab, 32, 378; of North Africa, by the headman and his wife, 173, and 70 by warriors, 212; parents named after Araueanians of South Ameriea, 245 their children in, 248; head-hunting in, Arehigallus, high priest of AUis, 349, 353 441; the Asongtata ceremony in, 568 Aretie regions, ceremonies at the re- Assumption 01 the Virgin, festival of, 360 appearance of the sun in the, 551 Astarte, a great Babylonian goddess, 327, Arden, forest of, 1I0 335, 346 Ardennes, efligies of Camival in the, 305 ; Athamas, king of Alus, 290-92 exorcising rats in the, 531; bonfires on Athena and the aegis, 477 the first Sunday in Lent, 609, 656; Athenian saerifice of the bouphonia, 466 Lenten fires and eustoms in the French, Athenians, decree divine honours to 610 Demetrius Poliorcetes and his father Aricia, I, 2 ~ many Manii at, 6, 491; its Antigonus, 97; prayed to Zeus for rain, distance from the sanetuary, 106; the 159 ; their tribute of youths and priest of, 582, 592, 593, 703 maidens to Minos, 280; saerifiee to Arician grove, 5, 6, 301, 477-9, 491, 582, for the fruits of the land, 386 ; 70 4 their use of human seapegoats, 579 Arizona, aridity of, 76 Athens, king and queen at, 9; titular king Armcnia, rain-making in, 70; cut hair, at, 106; marriage of Dionysus at, 142; nails, and extraeted teeth preserved in, female kinship at, 155; saered spots 236; sacred prostitution of girls before struck by lightning at, 159; the Com• marriage in, 331 memo ration of the Dead at, 340; Arrows, in homoeopathie magie, 29; in Dionysus of the Blaek Goatskin at, 390 ; contagious magie, 41; ftre-tipped, shot annual saerifice of a goat on the Aeropolis at sun during an eclipse, 78; shot as a of, 477; fever transferred to pillar at, rain-charm, 99 545 Arsacid house, divinity of Parthian kings Atonement, Jewish Day of, 569 of the, 104 Attica, summer festival of Adonis in, 336; Art, sylvan deities in classical, 117 Flowery Dionysus in, 387; time GI 718 INDEX

threshing in, ~66; killing an o:t formerly Ba-Ronga of South Africa, 677 a capital crime in, -466 Ba-Thonga of South Africa, ~ZI1, 220 AUis, and Cybele, 4, 5, 8; myth and ritual Baal, prophets of, 66 of, 3-47-52; as a god of vegetation, 352, Baba, name given to last sheaf, 404 353; human representatives of, 353-6; Babar Archipelago, ceremony to obtain a his relation to Lityerses, HO; killed by child for balTen woman in the, 14; aboar,471 at marriage of Sun and Augustine, 359, 382 Earth, 136-7; fatigue transferred to as a ruler, 46 stones in the, 540 Aun or On, king of Sweden, 278, 290 Babyion, theocratic despotism of ancient, Aurelia Aemilia, a sacred harlot, 331 48; sanctuary of Bel at, 142; mortality Australia, magical ceremonies in, 17; of the high gods of, 265; festival of charms in, 32; contagious magic in, 38, Zagmuk at, 281; festival of Sacaea at, 39. 42, -44, 45; magie practised but 282; sanctified harlotry at, 330 religion nearly unknown in aboriginal, Babylonia, divinity of the early kings, 104 ; 55; rain-making in, 64, 65, 72, 76; worship of Adonis in, 325 detaining the sun or hastening its descent Bacchanals of Thrace, ivy eaten by, 95; in, 80; dust columns thought to be tore Pentheus in pieces, 378, 392; wore spirits in, 82; government of old men in horns, 390 aboriginal, 83; ceremony observed at Bacchic frenzy, 291 approaching the camp of another tribe, Bacchus or Dionysus, 386. See Dionysus 197; totemism in, 533; annual ex• Badagas of the Neilgherry Hills, 482, 541, pulsion of ghosts in, 550; dread and 542 seelusion of women at menstruation in, Badonsaehen, king of Burma, 99 603; initiation of young men in, 692 Baduwis of Java, 225 --,·Central, magical ceremonies for the Baffin Land, expulsion of Sedna in, 552 supply of food in, 17; charm to promote Bag, souls of persons deposited in a, 186, the growth of beards in, 32; contagious 675, 679; soul of dying chief caught in magie of wounds in, 42; headmen of a, 294, 295 totem clans public magicians in, 83; Baganda of Central Africa, 40, 98, 137, concealment of personal names in, 245 ; 145, 523, 539, 604 avoidance of the names of the dead in, Bagba, a wind-fctish, 81, 170 252; magical rites for the revival of Bageshu of East Africa, 214 nature in, 323; expelling the devil in, Bagobos of Minandao, 180, 355, 433 548 Bahaus. See Kayans --, Northern, homoeopathic magie of Bahima, of Central Africa, 257; of Uganda, fiesh diet in, -496 539 --, South-eastem, contagious magic of Bailly, J. 5., French astronomer, 337 footprints in, H, and of bodily im• Balder, the myth of, 607-9; and the pressions, 45; sex totems in, 687-9 mistletoe, 608, 658-67, 701, 702, 710 --, Western, belief as to the placenta in,39 Balder's Balefires, 625, 664 Australian aborigines (blacks), 38, 39, 55, Bali, island of, riee personified as husband 80,179,190,205,207,229,234,244,251, and wife in, 418; expulsion of devils in, 253,254,349,533, 539, 551 557 Austria, charm to make fruit trees be ar in, Ball-players, homoeopathie charms em• 28; belief in the sensitiveness of trees, ployed by, 29 XI3; harvest customs in, 405 ; children Balls, gold and silver, to imitate tbe sun warned against the Corn-cock in, 451 ; and moon, 121 mythical eaU in the corn in, -459; Mid• Balong of the Cameroons, 685 summer fires in, 625; the mistietoe in, Bangala of the Upper Congo, 24' 663 Banjars in West Africa, 86 Autumn-hen, last sheaf called, -451 Banks' Islands, magical stones in the, 33; Auvergne, Lenten fires in, 6Il making sunshine in the, 78-9; ghosts in Auxerre, harvest customs in, 401, 459 stones in the, 190; ceremony for getting Auxesia and Damia, 7 rid of fatigue in the, 540 Awa-nkonde, the, 596 Banting in Sarawak, rules observed during .. Awasungu, house of the," 596 absence of warriors at, 25 Axe, that slew OX, condemned, 466 Bantu tribes, 209, 215 Axo-mama (Potato-mother), 413 Banyoro, the, 85, 565 Aymara Indians, 73, 565 I3area of East Afriea, 107 A ladirachta I ndica, 72 Barenton, the fountain of, 76, 77 Aztecs, 488, 587, 681 Bari of tbe Upper Nile, 85 Barley, oldest cereal cultivated bv the Ba-Pedi of South Africa, 209, 2II, 220 Aryans,399 INDEX

Barley-cow, 457, 458; -mother, 399; Deltane flres, 6r'-22, 653; cakes, 618-21 ; -sow, 460; -wolf, 448, 449 carline, 618 Baronga, the, of South Africa, 67, 71 Denares, Hindoo gentleman worshipped a5 Barren women. See und" Women a god at, 100 Bashilange, reception of subject chiefs by Bengal, marriage ceremony at the digging head chief among tbe, 198 of wells, 144; rule of suceession of kings Basque hunter transformed into bear, 692, of, 277; ceremony over a Karma-tree 699 in, 342; human sacrifices in, 434; Bastard, name given to last sbeaf, 406 sec1usion of girls at puberty in, 602; Bastian, Adolf, 533 stories of the extemal soul in, 670 Basutos, 38, 192, 214 Benin, king of, worshipped as a god, 99, Bataks of Sumatra, 14, 40, 82, 184, 198, 200; human sacrifices in, 433 541, 570, 690, 691 Bera Pennu, Earth goddess, 434 Batavia, rain-making in, 72 Berawans oi Sarawak, 15 Batchelor, Rev. ]., 506, 515, 516 Berbers of North Airica, 631 Bathing as a rain-charm, 70 Berlin, treatment of navel-string in, 40 Bats, the lives of men in, 687, 688 Besisis of the Malay Peninsula, 191 Bavaria, cbarms in, 28; magie in, 29, 40, Besoms, buming, ßung into the air to 42, 43; greasing weapon instead oi make com grow, 647 wound in, 42; green bushes plaeed at Bethlehem, the Star of, 347 doors of newly married pairs in, II9; Betsileo of Madagascar, 229 thc May-pole in, 124; the Walber in, Bhars of India, 565 126; saying as to crossed legs in, 240 ; Bhotiyas of ]uhar, 569 Whitsuntide mummers in Lower, 297; Biajas of Bomeo, the, 566 carrying out Death in, 3°7; contests Bibili, off New Guinea, the natives reputed between Summer and Winter in, 316; to make wind, 80 the com-spirit in, 402; harvest customs Bidasari and the golden fish, Malay story in, 4°5, 426-8, 454, 456, 457, 461; eure of, 676 lor fever in, 544; expulsion of witehes Bilaspur or Bilaspore, twirling spindIes for- in, S61; Easter flrcs in, 616; Mid• bidden in, 20; temporary rajah in, 287 summer flres in, 623, 653 Bilqula. See Bella Coola Bean, King of the, 586 Binbinga tribe of Northem AustraIia, 693 Bean-cock, 451; -goat, 454 Birch-trees, 121, 128, 627 Bear, taboos coneeming, 221; custom Bird, soul conceived as a, 181 observed after kiJIing a, 222; killing Birds, cause headache through clipped hair, the saered, 505 234, 237; absent warriors called, 247; Beards, magie to promote growtb of, 32 tongues of, eaten, 496; as scapegoats, Beasts, sacred, held responsible for tbe 541, 545; extemal souls in, 670, 672, course 01 nature in ancient Egypt, 87 675-7 Beating a man's g:ument instead of the Birth, pretence of, 14, 15, 197, 406, 421; man, 44; with rods in rain-making, 66 ; a man's fortune determined by the day frogs, as a rain-charm, 73 and ho ur of his, 37; new, 351, 697 Beauce and Perche, 40 Birth-trees, in Alrica, 681; in Europe, 683 Bechuanas, the, of South Africa, 31, 73, Bitch, last sheaf called the, 449 197, 474, 484 Bithynia, song of reapers in, 425 Bed-clothes, contagious magie of bodily Black colour in rain-making ceremonies, impressions on, 45 67; animals in rain-charms, 72, 161 Bede, on the suceession 01 Pietish kings, 156 Blackfoot Indians, 21, 22, 524 Bedonins attack whirlwinds, 83 Blindness, charm to cause, 30 Beeches of Latium, 150 Blood, sympathetic connection between a Beech-tree, in sacred grove of , 8; wounded person and his shed, 43; burnt in Lenten bonfire, 612 human, in rain-making ceremonies, 65 ; Buna marriage, 152 as a means of inspiration, 94; smeared Beer, continence obscrved at brcwing, 219 on woodwork of house, 117; put on door• Bcetle, in magie, 31; superstitions pre- posts, 175; of childbirth, 209, 229; cautions against beetles, 531; external smeared on person as a purification, 221 ; soul in a, 674 tabooed, 227-30; royal, not to be shed Belgium, Lenten flres in, 609; Midsummer on the ground, 228; unwillingness to fires in, 630 shed, 228; received on bodies of kins• Bella Coola lmlians, 600 folk, 229; drops of, effaced, 229; of Bells, used in exorcism, 195, 568; to con• chief sacred, 230; fetish priests allowed jure spirits, 199; worn as amulets, 226 ; to drink fresh, 238; Day of, in tbe rung as a protection against witches, festival of Attis, 349, 353; ba tb of bull's, 560, 561 in the rites of Attis, 351; remission of INDEX

slns th1'Ough the sheddlng of, 3S6; Borolos of Brazil, 181, 484 sprinkled on seed and scattered on field, Dosnlan Turks, 15 432, 434, 438: of sacri1ieiaI horse, 478 : Bough, the Golden. See Golden Bougb of men drunk to aequire their quaIities, Bouplwnia, Athenian saerifiee, 466 ~97, 498: as a means of communion Boys, at initiation, 692, 696 with a deity, 535: of children used to Brahma, Vishnu, and Siva, the Hindoo knead a paste, 553: girls at puberty for• trinity, 52 bidden to see, 600; menstruous, 603,604 Brahmans, 33, 67, 79, 100, 227, 24S, a8S, Blood-brotherhood, 113; -covenant, 20a 288, 343, 490 Blu-u Kayans of Bomeo, 195 Drains of enemies eaten, 498 Boa-constrictor, Caffres' dread of, 22:3 Branches, used in rain·charm, 63, 64: in Boar, in magie, 31; and Adonis, 325, ~71; exorcism, 197; fatigue and siekness Attis killed by a, 347, 471; com-spirit as, transferred to, 540, 564 460: the Yule, 461, 462: Christmas, 462 Brand, lohn, 636, 637 Boas, Dr. Franz, 699 Brandy, North American Indian theory of, Boba, name given to the last sheaf, 40.5 496 Bodio, fetish king, 86 Dray, Mrs., 446 Boeotians, the, 143, 371 BraziI, Indians of, 88, 181, 495, 523, S81 : Bogota, rigorous training of the heir to the seclusion of girls at puberty in, 601 throne of, 595 Bread, leavened, Dialis forbidden Bohemia, Midsummer tree bumed in, 12a ; to touch, 174; fast from, in mouming throwing Death into the water in, 125: for Attis, 350; communion, 481: eaten May King and Queen in, 130-32; Whit• saeramentally, 488, 498 suntide mummers in, 298, 299: carrying Bread-fruit, 33 out Death in, 309, 310; bringing in Brcath, of chief saered, 205, 231: eaught Summer in, 3II; the last sheaf in, 404 ; by his successor, 294 harvest eustoms in, 429, 456, 457; eure Brethren and Sisters of the Free Spirit, for fe ver in, 544: expulsion of witches 101 in, 561; bonfires in, 621, 626; charm to Breton superstitions as to tides, 35; make com grow high in, 647; fem-seed peasants' way of getting rain, 76; stories on 5t. lohn's Day in, 704, 70S of the external soul, 674: peasants and Boils, 473 tbe mistletoe, 704 Bolivla, secIusion of girls at puberty in, 601 Brewing, contincnce obscrved at, 219 Bombay, belief as to absence of sleeper's Bribri Indians, the, 208, 60S soul in, 183 Bride, the Whitsuntide, 132, 135; thc May, Bones, of dead in magie, 30, 71; human, 135; races for a, 156; 1ishing-net buried as a rain-charm, 72; departing thrown over, 242; of the Nile, 370; souls bottled up in hollow, 180; used as name given to last sbeat, 408 charms, 201, 495; eakes baked in the Bride and bridegroom, the Whitsuntide, shape of, 489; of animals, treatment of, 133; the Midsummcr, 133; all knots on 525·9; bumt in bonfires, 616 their garments unloosed, 241 Donfires, Midsummer, 122, 622, 629, 645 ; Bridegroom, the Whitsuntide, 133; of leaping over, 318, 610; supposed to May, 133, 320 protect against conflagration, 610; lit Bridget in Scotland and the Isle of Man, by persons last married, 610; a protec• 134 tion agail1st siekness, witchcraft, and Brigit, a Celtie goddess, 135 sorcery, 610, 620, 621: fertilising in• Brimo and Brimos in the mysteries of fluence of, 645, 646: protect fields E1eusis, 143 against hai! and homesteads against British Columbia. See Columbia, British th under and ligh tning, 649 Brittany, belief as to death at ebb-tide in, Boni, Commendatore G., 163 35; the Mother-sheaf in Upper, 401; Bontoe, the natives of, 433 Midsummer fires in, 628; mbtlctoe Bormus or Borimus, 425, 442 as a protcction against witchcraft in, Bomeo, the Dyaks of, 14; rules observed 704: fern-seed on Midsummcr Evc in, by camphor-hunters in, 21; telepathy 705 in war in, 25; hooks to catch souls in, Brooke, Rajah, of Sarawak, 89 180; rice uscd to prevent soul from Brothcrhood of the Green Wolf, 628 wandering, 181; precautions against Brothers, childless persons namcd after strangers in, 195: use of puppets as their youngcr, 248; ancient Egyptian substitutes for living persons, 492; sick• story of the Two, 674 ness expelled in a ship from, 564; ex• -- and sisters, marriagc of, 332 pulsion of evils in, 566; secIusion of girls Brothers-in-Iaw, their names not to be at puberty in, 597; birth custom in, pronounced, 250, 251 679: tree as life-index in, 682 Brown, Dr. Gcorge, 84 INDEX Buddha, Images of, drenched as a raID- Calabashes, souls shut up In, 1811 charm, 77; the Footprint of, 235 Calabria, Easter custom In, 345; UUlUal Buddhas, living, 102 expulsion of witches in, 560 Buddhism, II2; and Chrlstlanity, 361 Calendar, the ancient Greek, 279; regula• Butfalo, sacrüiced for human victlm, 436 ; tion of the early, an aflair of religion, a Batak totem, 691 280; the Egyptian, 368; the Alex• Buftalo-bull, last sheaf called, 457 andrian, 373; of Esne, 373; the Butfaloes, propitiation of dead, 523; the Mohammedan, 632 resurrection of, '29; revered by the Calf, killed at harvest, 4,8; mythlcal, In Todas, '34; as scapegoats, ,6, the corn, 459 Buginese 01 Celebes, 33 Calicut, rule of luccesslon observed by the Building, continence during, 220 kings of, 273-7, 296 Bukaua of New Guinea, '97, 694 Calilornla, the shaman In, 88; killing tbe Bulgaria, 15; charms in, 30, 31; peasants sacred buzzardin, 499; Indiansof, '99, 707 threaten fruit trees to make them bear, Caligula and the priest of Nemi, 3 II4 ; superstitions in, 240; harvest Cambodia, homoeopathic magie used by customs in, 40'; eUle tor lever in, '45 ; hunters In, 18; human incamation of need-fire in, 640 god in, 95; klngs of, 108, 167, 224, 266, Bull, in relation to Dionysus, 389, 390; 284, 289; luperstltions regarding the corn-spirit as, 457, 46,; at threshing, head In, 230; annual expulsion of 458, 459 demons In, 559; palace purged of Bull', b1ood, bath of, In rites of Attis, 351 demons, 563; sec1usion of girls at Bull-roarers, 692-5 puberty, 602; ritual at cutting a para• Bu1lets, magical treatment of, 19; magiea\ sitic orchid In, 660, 661 modes of averting, 26 Cambodian story of the external soul, 668 Bullocks as scapegoats, 541 Camel, plague translerred to, 540 Bulls, sacred, of Ancient Egypt, 476 Cameroons, the external soul in the, 681 ; Bunyoro, king of, 199, 270 theory of, 685 Burghers or Badagas. See Badagas Camomile, burnt in Midsummer fire, 631 Burglars, charms employed by, 30 Camp shifted after a death, 252 Burial customs, 35, 1:>5, 185, 190 Campbell, Major-General John, 436, 437 Burma, priestly king in, :z:z6, 227; king's --, Rev. J. G., 403 name tabooed in, 257; custom of thresh• Camphor, U, 24 ing in, 418; expulsion 01 demons in, 549 Canadian Indians, 525, '26 Burne,Miss C 5., 446 Candlemas, 134, 461 Buru, East Indian island, glrl sacrificed to Candles,3; magieal, 30; of human ta1Iow, 56 crocodile in, 145; eating thc soul of the Cannibal feast, legendary, at the BoeotlaD nce in, 482; dog's llesh eaten in, 496 Orchomenus, 292 Burying the Carnival, 301-7 Cannibalism, 233, 391 , 497 Bush negroes of Surinam, 166, 473 Caprification, 580 Bushmen of Soutb Africa, 495, 604 Car Nicobar, expulsion of devils in, 567 Dusiris, back bane of Osiris at, 367; ritual Caramantran, death of, 304 01 Osiris at, 375; .. the house 01 Osiris," Caribs, the, 27, 495, 690 443 Carinthia, Green George in, 126; ceremony Busirii, king of Egypt, 443 at the Installation of a prince of, 287; Dutter, time lor making, 35 custom at threshing in, 429 Buzzard, killing tbe sacred, 499 Cadin or Carline, .. the Old Woman," in Byblus, Adonis at, 327 j Osiris and Isis at, Scotland, 403 364 Carnival, dances at the, 28; bUIying the, 298, 301-7; the bunal and resurrection Cacongo, king of, 199 of the, 315; at Rome in the rites of Cactus, the sacred, 23 Attis, 350; in relation to tbe Saturnaliao Cadiz, death at Iow tide at, 35 586; effigy burnt at end of, 614 Caesar, Julius, 46, 653 Carolina, Indians of, 519 Caffres, tbe, 222, 235, 247-9, 522; of Caroline Islands, 40, 218; traditionaty' Sofala, 33; 01 Natal and Zululand, 483 origin of fire in the, 707 CaiUeacll (Old Wile), name given to last Carpathus, laying out of corpses in, 2<43 corn cut, 403, 409 Carrier Indians of Nortb-West Americ:a, Cairo, ceremony of cutting the daIns at, 370 18, 219, 606 Cajaboneros Indians, the, 138 .. Carrying out Death," 12', 302, 3°7-16, Calabar, expulsion of demons at Old, 492, 577, 613, 614 567; snul of chief in sacred grove at, , Christlans worshipping each 681; belief of negroes regarding external other at, 101; the effeminate priest. of souls, 686 the Great Mother at, 336 INDEX

CarthaginlaJI sacri1ice of ehildren to Moloch, Cbasas of Orissa, 473 281 Chastity observed for sake of absent Carver, Captain JonathaJI, 698 persons, 23, 24; as a virtue not under• Castration, 347, 350 stood by savages, 139. Su ~o Con• Cat, in homoeopathlc magie, 32; in rain• tinenee charm, 72; com-spirit as, 453; killed Chatti, German tribe, 232 at barvest, 4.53; a representative of the Cheese, the Beltane, 620 devil, 6.56; story of a clan whose souls Chent-Ament, title of Osiris, 37.5 were an in one, 677; a Batak totem, Cheremiss of Caucasus, the, 262, 560 6g1. S" also Cats Cherokees, the, 29, 40, 372, 520 Cat's cradle as acharm, 20, 79; forbidden Chibchas, the, 104 to boys among the Esquimaux, 20 Chicomecohuatl, Mexlean goddess, .589 Catat, Dr., 193 Chiefs, supematural power of, in Melanesla. Caterpillars, preeautions against, .531 84; as magicians, 84; punished for Catholie Church, 335, 345 drought and dearth, 86; tabooed, 202 ; Catholie custom of dedicating candles, 3 ; saered, 205; foods tabooed to, 238; as to partaking of the Eucharist, 488 names of, tabooed, 257-9 Catlin, George, 88 Chilcotin Indians, 78 Cats, bumt in bonfires, 610, 656; perhaps Child, name given to last sheaf, 406; bom bumt as witches, 657 on harvest field, pretenee of, 406 tatt1e, magicalstones for inerease of, 33 ; Childbed, woman in, thought to control the in1!uenee of tree-spirits on, 119 ; erowned, wind, 80; souls of women dying in, live 126 ; protected against wolves by in trees, 1I5; taboas on wornen in, 208 charms, 242; last sheaf given to, 400, Childbirth, precautions taken with motber 407, 408, 412; Yule Boar given to the, at, 180, 18r; women taboaed at, 207, 462; driven through, round, or between 208; knots untied at, 238; homoeo• bonfires, 615, 620, 621, 624, 626-8, 640, pathic magie to faeilitate, 239 641; protected against sorcery by sprigs Children, taboas observed by, 21, 22; of mullein, 629; ligbted brands carried buried to the neck as a rain-charm, 75 ; round,647 parents named after their, 248; saeri• Cattle disease, :'lidsummer fires a protec• ficed, 281, 293. 380. 431; blood of, used tion against, 627; plague, need-fire to knead a paste, 553 kindled as a remedy for, 641 Chilote Indians, 237 Caueasus, rain-making in the, 70; sacra- China. emperors of, 9; charms in, 35; ments of pastoral tribes in tbe, 534 geomancy in. 36; modes of compelling Cayor in Senegal, the king of, 172 the rain-god to give rain in, 74: trees Cazembes of Angola, the, 203 planted on graves in, II5; convulsions Cecrops, king of Athens, 15.5 attributed to the action of demons in, Cedar, saered, 95 186: custom as to sbadows at funcrals Cedar-tree, girl sacrificed to a, 1I2 in, 190; eeremony at the beginning of CelebCelts, their warship of the oak, 1I0, 160; Chippeway Indians, 605 annual sacriftce to Artemis, 141; fire• Chiquites Indians of Paraguay, 526 festivals of the, 632 Chiriguanos of South Ameriea, 601 Ceram, island of, sickness expelled in a ship Chitome or Chitomb6, a pontifi of Congo, from, 563; seehlsion of girls at pubt'rty 170, 266, 296 in, 597; the Kakian association in, 696 Chittagong, 239 , the, in France, 40r Choctaws, the, 215 Cetehwayo, king of Zululand, 257 Cholera, demon of, 549, 551, 563; sent Ceylon, ogres in, 669; king of, and bis away in animal scapegoats, 565 extemal soul, 669, 670 Christ, his Nativity, 358; his erucifixion, Cbaka, the Zulu despot, 86 359; his resurrection, 359, 360 Chams of Coehinebina, 29, 220 Christian festivals displace hea then festi• Cbarms, to ensure long life, 35; to prevent vals, 360 tbe sun from going down, 79; to facili• Christianity, its condict with the Mithraic tate childbirtb, 238 religion, 358; and Buddhism, 361 INDEX

Christians, pretenders to divinity among, Continence, required during search for 101 sacred cactus, 23; practised before Christmas, festival of, borrowed from the fertility ceremonies, 136; practised in Mithraie religion, 358; heathen origin order to make crops grow, 138; enjoined of, 359 on people during rounds of sacred Christmas Boar, 462; candles, 637 pontiff, 170; of priests, 170; on eve of Church beUs, a protection against witcb• period of taOOo, 173; during war, 210, craft, 560 2II; after victory, 212; by hunters Ciminian forest, tbe, IIO and fishers, 217; by workers in salt• Cingalese cure by means of devil-dancers, pans, 219; at brewing, 219; at house• 542 building, 220; at making and repairing Cinyras, fatber of Adonis, 327, 328, 332 dams, 220; by lion-killers and bear• Circassia, custom as to pear-trees in, II9 killers, 221, 222; at festival of first• Circe, tbe land of, 150 fruits, 486 Circumcision, 229, 694 Cords, knotted, in magie, 241 Claudius, tbe Emperor, 3, 348 Corea, kings responsible for rain and crops, Clayton, Rev. A. C., 542 87; offerings to souls of the dead in Cloth es, magie sympathy between a person trees in, II5; king not to be touched, and his, 43, 44 224; means of inspiring courage in, 496 ; Clotilde, Queen, 232 use of torches to ensure good crops in, Clove trees treated like pregnant women, 647 IIs Corinthians make images of Dionysus out Cloves, ceremony to make them grow, of a pine-tree, 387 137 Cormac Mac Art, king of Ireland, 273 Clucking-ben at tbresbing, 451 Com, spirit of the, embodied in human Clyacll sheaf, 408, 425 beings, 419; double personification of, as Coast Murring tribe of New Soutb Wales, mother and daughter, 420 693 Com-baby, 459; -bull, 458; -cat, 453; Cobra, ceremony after killing a, 222 -cock, 451; -cow, 457; -foal, 460; Coca-mother, among the Peruvians, 413 -goat, 454; -pug, 449; -sow, 448, 460 ; Coco-nuts sacred in Northem India, 119 -steer, 457; -wolf, 450 Cock, com-spirit as, 450; name given to ---god, Adonis as a, 338; Attis as a, last sheaf, 45 I 353; Osiris as a, 376 Cockatoos, magical multiplication of, 17 ---mother, 143, 399, 4I:Z Coel Coeth, Hallowe'en bonftre, 635 ---reapers, songs of the, 424 Coins, trom tbe eyes of corpses, 31; ---spirit, Adonis as a, 338; represented portraits of kings not stamped on, by human victims, 339; represented as 193 a dead old man, 372; killing the, 425' Columbia, British, use of magical images 431; slain in his human representatives, to proeure fish in, 18; taboos imposed 438-47; how representative was chosen, on parents of twins in, 66; belief regarding 439; as an anima!, 447-64 a pbysician and his patient's soul, 189; Com-medicine festival, 419, ~20 Indians' dislike of telling their own Comwall, temporary king in, 287 names, 246; seclusion of girls at puberty Cos, sanctuary of Aesculapius in, 11I; in, 600; rites of initiation in, 699 harvest-home in, 396 Combs, when not to be used, 24, 174, 215, Costa Rica, 60S 216 Cottonwood trees, the shades or spirits of, Commagny, tbe priory of, 77 III, 112 Communion with deity by eating new CourJand, eustom at sowing in, 461 fruits, 487 Cow, ceremony of rebirth from a golden, Communion bread, 481 197; sacred to Isis, 373; com-spirit as, , festival of the, 491 457; as scapegoat, 565, 571; witches Conception in women caused by trees, II9 steal milk from, 648; mistletoe given to, Congo, recall of stray souls among the 663 tribes, 184; conj uring spirits before Creator, the grave of the, 264 drinking in tbe, 199; royal persons for• Creek Indians, 2II, 484, 60S bidden to touch the ground, 594; rites Creta~ festival of Dionysus, 389, 390 of initiation on the Lower, 697 Crete, milk-stones in, 34 Connaught, taboos observed by the aneient Crevaux, J., 195 kings of, 173 Criminals shorn to make them confess, 680 .. Consort, the divine," ".2 Cripple Goat, last sheaf called, .55 Constantine, the EmpertJl', 331 Crocodile, girl sacrificed to a, 145 Consumption, cure for, 545 Crocodiles, Malay charm to cateh, 19 i Contact or contagion in magie, law of, II spared by savages out of respeot, 518 INDEX

(:ronus, hls sacrI1ice of hls IOD, 193 spirits of, 47 j maklng rain by means 01. CIops, charms to promote the growth of 71; trees animated by the souls of, II5 ; the, J8, 188, 610, 613, 614, 614. 645; sacrl1ices tot 175; taboos on persons intercoune of the sexes to promote the who have handled, 105; names of, growth of the, 136; human vietlms tabooed. 251-6; appear to the living in sacrl1iced for the, 355, 431; super• dreams, 256 j festival of, 373, 633; .tltlous devices to get rld of vermin in worshlp of, 414 j ghosts of, 551 the, 530 j lupposed to be spoiled by Dead Sunday, 30::1 meDStruous women, 604. 606 Death, pretence of, 16 i .. carrylng out," .. Cross of the Horse." first sheaf called, 115,302,307-16,577,613,614; at ebb tide, 460 167. 168; mourners forbldden to sleep In Cross-road, fever depo~ited at, 544 j offer• a house after a, 181; custom of covering Ings at, 5.57; ceremonles at, 561 j Mid• up mirrors aftera, 192; from imagination, Iwm:ner fires 1Igh ted a t. 615 204; ritual of, and resurrectIon, 691-711 • CryIng the Mare .. in Hertfordshlre, Deir el Baharl, palntlngs at. 141 459 Deitles duplicated through dlalectlca1 .. Crylng the neck" in DevonshIre, -4-45 dlfferences In thelr names, 164, 165; of Crystals, magie of, 38. 76. 85 vegetation as animals, 464-79 Cumanus. the inquisitor, 681 Delty, savage conceptlon of, 91 Cumont, Professor Franz, 584 Demeter, marrled to Zeus at E1eusls, 141; Cup-and-ball as acharm, 80 and , 393-8. 420; Cybele, Mother of the Gods, ,.7; worshlp of her name. 399; In relation to the plg, of, 348 469; horse-headed, of Phlgalla, 471; Cynaetha, festival of Dlonysus at, 390 Black,471 Cyprus, saered prostitution In, 330 Demetrlus Pollorcetes, delfied, 97 CytJsorus, son of Phrixus, 190, 191 Demons, of trees. 116; abductlon of lOuls Cyzlcus, councll chamber at, u5 by, 186; and ghosts averse to lron, u6 ; decelved by ef6gies, 49::1; of disease Dacotas. 529 exorclsed, 541; omnlpresence of, 546 i Daedala, festival of the, 143 of cholera. 549, 55 1 ; men d1sgulsed U, Dahomey, the king of, 171, 199, 157 562; conjured Into images, 568 Dalrl, the, or Mikado of Japan, 168, I6g D6n6 Indians, the, 208 DaIrles, sacred, of the Todu, 175 . Denmark, Whitsuntide customs In, 133 i Dalal Lama of Lhasa, 103 Yu1eBoarln,461; Mldsummerliresln,6:15 Dalmatla, belief u to the souls of trees In, Departmental kiDp of nature, 106-9 111 Depilation, 681 Damla and Auxesla, 7 Deputy, expedient of dylng by, 178, 289 Dams, contlnence at makiDg, uo j In DevU-dancers, 54:1 ElYPt. 369, "0 Devils. S" Demant Danae, the atory of, 601 DevonshIre, harvest eustoms In, 445 Dances, of women whUe men are away Dharml, the Sun-god. 145· flghtlng, 16. 17 j to make hemp grow, DI, Aryan root meanlng .. brlght," 164 18; for raln. 64; round sacred trees, Dlana, I, 3, 8; the Taurlc, :I, 3, 6; goddess u8 j round the May-pole. IU, 124. 126 ; of chlldblrth, 3, 141 ; goddea of fertlllty, round bonfires, IU, 610-12, 614. 620, 139-4::1, 163; and Dlanus, 161-7 6:n, 615. 618-30; to fert11Jse gardens, .. Diana's Mirror," I, 711 137 j of king, 200; of successful head• Dlanus and Diana, 161-7 hunters. 212; to propltlate souls of slaln Dlerl of Central Australla, the, 641 65, 115, foes, 112 ; ofvictorY.II3; of harvesters, 548,60 3 401, 427. 460; at festival of flrst-fruits, Dlnkas, the, 269, 565 486; at burlal ofthe wren. 537; masked, Dlodorus Siculus. 365 541 Dione, wife of Zeua at Dodona, ISI; the Danger !sland, snares for souls in, 187 old consort of Zeus, 165 Danlsh magie of footprints. 44 Dlonysus. 14::1, ::165, 378; god of the vine, Danzig, dlsposal of cut hair at, 235; last 386; ,od of trees, 387; the FIowery, !heal at harvest at, 400 387; god of agrieulture and the corn, Daramulun, a mythical being, 692, 693 387; and the winnowing fan, 388; Darfur, Sultan 01, 200; people of, believe horned, 390; live animals rent in the the liver to be the seat of the soul, 497 rites of, 390, 391; as a goat. 390, 464 ; Date-palm, artificial fertilisation of the, S82 human saeriJices in his rites, 39~; torn Day of BIood, In rites of Attis, 3So; of In pieces at Thebes, 392; as a bull, 464, Atonement, 56g 465; relations to Pans, , and De Barras, Portuguese hlstorlan, 177 Silenuses, 464; his resurrectlon perhapa Deacl, the, homoeopathle maste 01, 30; enacted in hls rites, 468 INDEX

Dlsease, demoas of, expelled, 196, 542: Eagle-hunten, n, aa transferred to other peop1e and to Eag1e-owl wonhlpped by the Ainos, 515 efligies, 539; sent away in little shlps, 563 Earth, inspired priestess of, 94; marriage Divination, 256, 634, 635 of the Sun and, I45: lznage of, praying Dlvine anImal, kI1lins the, 499: as acape- to Zeua for raIn, 159; Uthuanlan pt, 570, 576 prayen to the, 480; the priest of, 594 .. Dlvine Coasort, the," I42 Earth dexnons, 492: goddeu, 396, 434-7 Dlvine Huabandman, In China, 468 Earthworma eaten by dancing giri, 497 Dlvining roels, 70.5 East, ascetlc IdealIsm of the, 139· Dlvinltles, human, bound bymany ru1es, a62 East Indian Islanels, magio In the, 18, n ; Dlvinlty of Idngs, I6a: growth of the epUepsy transierred to leavea in the, 539 ; conceptlon of the, I6a, I63 demons of lickn_ expelled in litt1e Dlvorce of Iplrltual from temporal power, shlps, 564 17.5-8 East Indl., pregnant women forbidden to Dobrlzhoffer, Father 14., a54, 2.55 tle knote, 138; reluetance of perlOns to Dodona, oracular spring at, 147: Zeua and tell thelr own namea, 146: bringlng Dione at, 151: oraeular oak at, 159 back the Soul of the Rice, 371: the Riee• Dodwe1l, E., 397 mother in the, 413 Dog, black, aaerlficed for rain, 73: uaed to Easter, reaemblanee of the festival of, to .top rain, 75: prohibition to touch or the rltea of Adonis, 345; uslmilated to name, 174: corn-.plrlt as, 448: of· the the spring festival of Attla, 359; COIl• harveat, 449 troveay as to the orIgin of, 361 Dop erowned, 3 Easter Eve, ceremoniea on, 400, 560 ; DoJ1ar.blrd aaocIated w1th rain, 7a Saturday, new ire on, 614; Sunday, Donaror Thunar, German thunder-god, 160 ceremony observed by gypst. on, 568; DoorI opened to facllltate chUdblrth, 139: Monday, f.tlval· on, 116; eand1e, 614 : to faeI1Itate death, 143 irea, 614 DoI SantoI, J., 97 Eatlng, out of aaend veuels, I6g :together, DoIuma, Idng of, 593 101: and drinking, tabooa on, 198 i Dov., externa1 lOul in, 670; Aeneas 1ed eating the IOd, 479-94, 498 i the lOul of to the Golden Bough by, 703 the rlce, 48a Dragoo, raIn-god repreaented as, 74: or Ebb tlde, death at, 35 IeIpent of water, 146; at Mldlummer, EclIpse, ceremoniea at an, 7' efligy of, 655 Ecuador, hUllllln aaerlficea in, 451 Dramas, magieal, 140, 314; aaered, 374 Edgewell Tree, the, 681 Dreama, absence of lOulln, 181: belief of EfIitIea, 468, 491, 492, 539, 568, 609, 61a- aavagea In the realIty of, 181: festival 614, 6aa, 614, 615, 630, 648, 650, 655, of, 553 658: of Carnlval, 30a: of Death, 307, DrenChIng peop1e wlth water as a rain• sn: of Judas, 615; of Kupalo, Kost• charm, 69, 70, 341, 341 roma, and YarIlo,. 318: of Oslrls, 376, .. Drink, Black," an emetle, 486 Sb; of Shrove Tueaday, 505 ~g and eating, tabool on, 198, 199 : Efugaoa, the, of the PhWppin., 498 modeI of drInkIng for tabooed perlOns, Egbas, the, of W.t AfrIoa, 173 199, 2oS, IU, 119 Egerla, water-nymph, 4t 8, 147, 15 1, 151, Drougbt, IUPposed to be caused by the 164 unburled dead, 71; chiefs and kings E;geriua Baeblua or Laeviua, 5 punlahed for, 86: IUPposed to be eauiied Egg-shella, the breaklng of, 101 by a concea1ed mlscarriage, log Egypt, the Nativity of the Sun at the Druldlca1 festivals, ao-ealled, 617 winter IOlstice in, 358: in early June, DruieIs, no, 149, 653, 654, 657, 659; of 369: the gods f1ee into, 391: the com• . lre1and, 611 ; and the m1at1etoe, 7og, 7IO spirl t in, 443 Ducheane, Mgr., 360 --, anolent, theoeratle despotIsm of, 48 ; Dugong fishlng, tabool in connectIon w!th, maglclans in, 52, 161: confuslon of 117 magie and religion in, .53; eeremoni. Dulyn, the tarn of, on Snowdon, 76 for the regulation of the sun, 78 j klnp Dunkirk, the Follies of, 654 blamed for the fallure of the erops in, 87 i Durian-tree, the, XI3 saered beast responsible for the COUISe 01 Dusuns of Bomeo, the, aa.5, .566 nature In, 87: human goels in, 96, 165 ; Dyaks, of Bomeo, 14, 16, 2S, 182, 148, 249, kings of, 104, 141, 174, 238, 333, 378 i 413, 496, 518: of Landak, 682: of queen of, 142; personal names in, 245 ; Pinoeh, 679; of Sarawak, 498; Sea, reapers' lamentations and invoeations to 139, 531; of Tajan, 68a Isls in, 338, 371, 424, 443, 444 j sacrüice of red-haired men In, 378, 379: human Bacle, the blrd of Jove, 149 sacrüicea In, 443; religIoua attitude 10 INDEX

pigs in, 47%; raDlS sacred in, 500; bulls Europc, dancing or lcaping high to make as scapegoats in, 571; story of the erops grow in, 28; the Hand of Glory in, extemal soul in, 674 30; belief as to death at ebb tide in, 35 ; Egypt, Lower, Sais in, 373 treatment of thc navel-string and after• --, Upper, temporary kings in, 286 birth in, 40; contagious magie in, 44; Egyptian ca1endar, 368; festivals, 368, confusion of magic and religion in, 53, 369; religion, 370; types of sacrament, 54; belief In magie in modem, 56; 53%-5 rain-making ceremonies in, 69; the May• Eider.<, oouncU of, in savage communities, pole or May-tree in, II9, 120; mid• 47 summer festival in modem, 153; fear of Elephant hunters, 23, 594 having one's likeness taken in, 194; Elephants, ceremonies observcd at the belief as to consummation of marriage slaughter of, 522, 524; lives of persons being impeded by locks and knots, 240 ; bound up with those of, 685 the Corn-mother in Northern, 399"41% ; Eleusine grain, 483 comparison between the Lityerses story , 142, 393-5, 397, 398 ; and harvest eustoms in, 426-31; .. hunt• priests, 259 ing the WIen" in, 536; transference of Eleusis, rites of Demeter at, 376, 397; evil in, 543-6; annual expulsion of Demeter at, 393; Rarian plain at, 394 demons among the heathen of, 559; ElJin race averse to iron, 226 annual expulsion of witehes in Central, Elipandus of Toledo, 101 560; expulsion of embodied evils in, Elis, Dionysus hailed as a bull by the 568; the mistletoe in, 661; super• women of, 390 stitions as to menstruous women in, 606 ; Elisha, the prophet, 334 fire-festivals of, 609-41; Midsummer Elk clan of the Omaha Indians, 474 fires in, 622; need-fire in, 638 Embalming as a means of prolonging the Evil, transference of, 538-46; to animals, life of the soul, 265 540-42 ; to men, 54%-3 ; in Europe, 543-6 Emblica ojficinalis sacred in N orthem Evils, expulsion of, public, 546 ; occasional, India, 1I9 547; periodie, 551; embodied, 562; Emin Pasha, 196 occasional, in a material vehicle, 563; Empedocles, his claim 10 divinity, 96 periodie, in a material vehicle, 568 Emu-wrens, 689 Ewe-speaking peoples of the Slave Coast, Encounter Bay tribe, 603 tbe, 112, 198; taboos observed by tbeir Endymion, 4, 156 kings, 172 England, belief as to death at ebb tide in, Exogamy, 152 35; anointing the weapon instead oi the Eyeos, the, 172, 273 wound in, 42; May-trees and May• Ezekiel, the prophet, 327 bushes in, 121; village May-poles in, 123; J ack-in-the-Green in, 129; un• Face, of sleeper not 10 be painted or dis• doing loeks and bolts at a death in, 243 ; figured, 183; taboos on showing tbe, Harvest Queen in, 405; harvest eustoms 199; of buman scapegoat painted half in, 406, 459, 460; kiliing the wren in, white, half blaek, 573 536; the Yule log in, 637; the mistletoe Faces, veiled to avert evil influences, 200; in, 662, 663; birth-trees in, 682; eure blackened, 2 I 3, 462 for rupture or riekets in, 682 Faditras among the Malagasy, 541 Epilepsy transferred to leaves, 539 Fairies, averse to iron, 226 Epiphany, 359, 462, 561 Falling siekness transferred to fowls, 545 : Ergamenes, king of Meroe, 266 mistletoe a remedy for, 662 Erman, Professor, 377 Fan tribe, the, 8:; Escouvioft or Scouvion, in Belgium, 610 FansoftheG.aboon, 684; ofWest Africa, 495 Esne, festal calendar of, 373 Fans in homoeopathie magie, 26 Esquimaux, 20, 82, 179, 244, 317, 529; of Fasting obligatory, 23, 26; of Catholics, Alaska, 551, 679; of Baffin Land, 552 ; 488; of girls at puberty, 600, 601 of Bering Strait, 193, 220, %21, 227, 526, Father, ealled after his ehild, 247; and 606; of Iglulik, 79 mother, names not to be mentioned, Esthonia, Shrove Tuesday customs in, 315 ; 250; of a god, 333, 334 harvest customs in, 456, 460; Christmas Father-in-Iaw, his name not 10 be men· Boar in, 462; Midsummer fires in, 628 tioned, 249-5 I Esthonians, 81, 225, 228, 307, 481, 530 Father May, 126, 127 Ethiopia, kings of, 200, 273 Fatigue transferred to leaves, 540 ßubuleus, legendary swine-herd, 469, 470 Fauns, rustie Italian gods, 464 Eucharist, 488 Fazoql, kings of, 266 Eudoxus of Cnidus, 474 Feast of all Souls, 633; of yams, 20Q Eunuch priests, 349, 351 Feet of enemies eaten, 498 INDEX

Felkin, Dr. R. W., 534 First-fruits, 170, 177, 396, 431, 467, 479. Feloupes of Senegambia, 74 482,487 Female kinship or mother-kin defincd, 152 ; Fish. magieal image to procure, 18 ; sacred, indifferen~ to paternity of kings under, 473; treated with respeet by fishing 154; at Athens, 155; among the tribes, 527; external soul in a golden, Aryans, ISS 676 Fem-seed, 704, 705 Fishers tabooed, 216 Fernando Po, taboos observed by the kings Fishing, homoeopathie magie in, 18 of, 172, 238 . the, 151, 235, 244; rules Fertilisation, artificial, II4. 378, 580, 582 ; of life prescribed for, 174 of barren women, 581 Flaminiea, the, 151; rulesobserved by, 174 Fertility, Diana as a goddess of, 8; of Flanders, Midsummer fires in, 630, 646; women, magical images designed to the Yule log in, 637 ensure the, 14 Flax, homoeopathie magie at sowing, 28 ; Fetish kings in West Africa, 177 prayers of old Prussians for the growth Feuillet, Madame Octave, 306 of, 288; giddiness transferred to, 545 ; Fever, eures for, 343-5 leaping over bonfires to make it grow Fig, artificial fertilisation of the, 378; tall, 613, 624, 626 human scapegoat beaten with branches Flax-mother, 399 of the wild, 579 Flight of the king, at Rome, IS7 Fig-tree, the sacred, 136; artifieial fertilisa• Flowers, goddess of, 588 tion of the, 580, 582 Flute, magieal, made from human leg-bone, Fiji ls1ands, the, conception of the soul in, 30; skill of Marsyas on the, 354 179; notion of the absence of the soul Folk-eustoms. the external soul in, 678-701 in dreams in, 182; eatching away souls Folk-tales, the external soul in, 667-78 in, 187; supposed effeet of using chiefs Food, homoeopathie magie for supply of, dishes or clothes in, 202; custom at 17; eaten dry, 21, 29, 68; tabooed, 21, cutting a chiefs hair in, 233; birth• 22,238; taboos on leaving food over, 200 trees in, 682; drama of death and FooIs, Bishop off 586 resurrection in, 695 Footprints, contagious magie of, 44. 4S Finland, eattle protected by the woodland Foreskins used in rain-making, 6S spirits in, 141 Fowler, W. Warde, 709 Finnish-Ugrian peoples, sacred groves of Foxes, burnt in Midsummer fires, 656, 657 ; the, IU witches turn into, 657 Finnish wizards and witches, 81 Framin in West Africa, dance of women at, Finns, 521 26 Fire, the god of, 23; kept burning for the France, contagious magie in, 44; peasants sake of absent warriors, 26; supposed aseribe magical powers to priests, 53, 54 ; to be subjeet to Catholic pricsts, 53; images of saints dipped in water as a used to stop rain, 64; as acharm io rain-charm in, 77; kings of, touch for rekindle tbe sun, 78; and Water, kings scrofula, 90; custom of tbe Harvest• of, 108, 176, 266; kindled by friction, May in, u8; May eustoms in, In; the 161, 534, 617, 618, 620, 627, 639, 644, May-pole in, 124; harvest customs in, 707; purification by, 197, 198,213,648 ; 341, 448-50, 453, 455, 457-9; tbc Corn• .. new," 485, 614; saered, 486, 534; mother in, 401; the dough man in, 480; .. living," 638; .. wild," 638; made by hunting the wren in, 537; the King of means of a wheel, 639; of heaven, 644 ; the Bean in, 586; expulsion of witches extinguished by mistlctoe, 659, 662, 706 ; in, 561; Lenten fires in, 610; Mid• primitive ideas as to the origin of, 707. summer fires in, 628-30, 645; the Yule Se, also Bonfires, Fires, Need-fire log in, 637; wicker-work giants bumt Fire-festivals of Europe, the, 609; inter• in, 655; mistletoe in, 662; 'birth-trees pretation of, 64 I; solar thcory of, 642, in, 682 643; purificatory theory of, 642, 647; Franche-Comte, danccs in, to make hemp at the solstices, 643; a proteetion against grow, 28; tbe goat at threshing in, 456 witcheraft, 648; their relation to Frey, the Scandinavian god of fertility, IH Druidism, 654 Fricktal, Switzerland, the Whitsuntide Fires, perpetual, 3, 161, 163, 665, 704; the Lout in, 128; the Whitsuntide Basket Lenten, 609; Easter, 614; Beltane.617, in, 129 Midsummer, 622; Hallowe'en, 632, 635 ; Friction, fire kindled by. Sei undet' Fire Midwinter, 636; extinguished before l"riesland, East, the clucking hen at ligbting the need-fire, 639; burning of thrcshiug in, 451 efligies in the, 650; burning of men and Frigg, the Norse goddess, and Balder, 607 women in the, 652; the solstitial, Frog in magie, 31, 73,131; maladies trans• perhaps sun-charms, 706 ferred to frogs, 544 INDEX PIog-ßayer, ehe, In Whltsuntlde pageaat, Gbansyam Deo, a deity 01 tbe Gondl, 511 130 Ghosts, 84, 185, 190, 207, 116, 116, 153, PIosinODe In Latium, bumlng an emgy 01 491, 551: of the min, 212-15, 111; oi the Camlval at, 301 animals, dread of, 113, 520-14, 526 Fruit-trees, ferti1ised by fruitful women, Giant who bad no heart in his body, storles 18; homoeopathic magie in relation to, of the, 668, 673: mythical, supposed to 19; thRatened to make them bear fruit, kill and resuscitate lads at initiation, 695 113; worshippe18 01 Osiris forbidden to Giants, wicker-work, 654, 655 Injure, 380; wrapt In straw u apre• Giddiness, eure for, 545 caution agalnst eYll Iplrits, 561; fires GUyaks of the Amoor, 510-14. 517, 5SO Bt under, 631; fumlgated w1th smoke Gingiro, king of, 270 01 need-fire, 641; fertilised by buming Glppsland blacks, 148 torches, 6.7 Girl, annually sacrificed to cedar tree, 111: Puegian charm to make the wind drop, 80 saerificed to a crocodile, 145; sacrificed Fumigation, w1tb laurel, 95; 01 tloeks, for the crops, 431: and hoy, need-fire 478; with juniper and tue, 560 ; of fruit• kindled by, 640 trees and nets, 6.1; 01 crops, 6.5 Girls, marrled to nets, 144: used In rain• Puneral eustoms, 185, 190, 117, 541; rites, making, 210: &ec1uslon of, at puberty, 367,375 595-607 Glory, the Hand of, 30 Gaboon, theory 01 the eJ:temal soul In the, Gnabaia, an Australian spirit, 693 684 Goajiros of Colombla, 151 Gabrie1, the archangel, 13, 141 Goat, blood of, sucked by priest u means GaIela, dRad of menstruous women In, 604 of inspiration, 94: sacrificed, 356, 391, Ga1elareese of Halmahera, 19, 29-31 436; in relation to Dionysus, 390, 464 ; Galic1a, harvest eustoms in, 451 com-spirit as, 454: last sheaf in form 01 Gallas,98, u8; kiDgs of the, 10 a, 454; ki1led on harvest-field, 455: Galli, the emasculated priests 01 Altls, 348 effigy of a, 456: sacred animal 01 a Ganesa, the Image of, 482 Bushman tribe, 474; relation of, to GardeJll of Adonis, 341-1 Athena, 477; evils Uansferred to, 540; Garos of ADam, 72, 568 as scapegoat, 565 Gascon peasants, their belief In the magical God, savage ideas of, 91; the killing and power of priests, 54 resurrection of a, 301, 538; the Dying Gatschet, A. 5., ISS and Reviving, 386; killed in anlmal form, , ancient, human sacrifices In, 653; 391; the animal enemy of, origlnally the mistleloe in, 659 identical with the IOd, 391, 469, 475; Gaurl, harvest goddess, 410 eating the, 4'9-94, 498; dying, as scape• Gayos of Sumatra, 141 goat, 539, 576: killing of the, in lIIexlco, Gazelle Peninsula, 151; the Ingalet 58'-91. See lIlso Gods soeiety In the, 680 God-man, a source of danger, 201 Geomaney In China, 36 Goddesses, of fertility &erved by eunuch Germany, contagious magie In, 39, 42, 45 ; priests, 349: personated by wornen, 589 worship of women in ancient, 97; tree• Gods, appeal to the pity of, as a rain• worsbip In, 110; Harvest May in, n8; charm, 75; ineamate buman, 91-106, use of May trees In, 119; Midsummer 162; conception of, slowly evolved, 91 ; trees In, 111; races at Whitsuntide in, and goddesses, dramatie weddings of, 114: worship of the oak in, 160: belief 140; the mamage of the, 142-5 ; created u to the eseape of the soul In, 181: by man In tbeir own likeness, 260; their luperstition as to cut balr In, 234: the names tabooed, 260-62: mortality of Corn-mother in, 399: the Old Woman the, 164-5; death and resurrl'ction of, In, 400; names given to the last sbeaf in, 385-6, 388; distinguished flom spirits, 4°1; barvest eustoms, 401, 408, 417, 4U 449, 451, 453, 454, 458-60; tbe Com• Gold Coast, negroes of tbe, u8: expulsion Ipirlt In, 448; tbe barvest cock In, 451, of demons on the, 550, 554, 555 479; pigs' bones In connection with Golden Bough, 3, 593, 701-u IOwing in, 461; Lentcn fires in, 611; -- F1eece, ram witb, 290 Baster fires in, 614: Midsummer fires in, Goldi, hear-festivals 01 tbe, Sl4 683; the Yule log in, 637; need-firc in, Goliath, straw man stabbed at Wbltsun• 641; mistletoe in, 661, 701; oak-wood tide, 133 for cottage fires at Midsummer In, 665; Gonds of lndia, the, 433, "I ltories of the extemal soul in, 671; birth• Good Friday, ceremony in Greek churchea "-1n,681 on, 345; expulsion oi witebes on, 560 G~ In Australla, 83 Gorillas, livea of persons hound up w1th Getae, buman god among the, 9'1 those 01, 685 INDEX

Gosslps oi St. lohn, 3•• Guatemala, the Indians of, 687 Gouri, Indian goddess of fertility, 3H Guayaquil, Indians of, 43 I Gout, remedy for, 196; transferred to Guaycurus, the, 82 trees, 546 Guayquiries of the Orinoco, 605 Gran Chaco, Indians of, 182, 601 Guiana, Indians of, 181, 601 Granada, youthful rulers secluded in, 595 Guinea, priestly kings in, 169; belief 01 Grandmother, name given to last sheaf, .01 negroes in dreams, 182; human sacri• Grannas-mias, torehes, 6u fices in, H3; annual sacrifice of oxen at Grannus, a Celtie deity, 6II Great Bassam, 467; expulsion of the Grass king, the, 130, 299 devil in, 554; seclusion of girls at Grass knotted as acharm, 242 puberty in, 597 Grasshoppers, in homoeopathie magie, 37; Gunputty, elephant-headed god, 100 sacrifice of, 541 Gypsies, Green George among the, 126; Grave, soul fetched from, 185; of Zeus, annual ceremony performe!;i by the, 568 265; of Dionysus, 265, 389; of Osiris, 365, 378; dance at initiation in a, 693 Hag (wrach), name given to the last corn Grave-clothes, homop.opathie magie of, in cut in Wales, 403, 40. China, 35; no buttons in, 2H Haida Indians, 27, 35 Graves, rain-charms at, 67, 71; trees Hair, used in magie, 13,233-5; charms, 28, planted on, II5 29, 32; tabooed, 231; disposal of cut, Greasing the weapon instead of wound, .1 233; external soul in, 670; strength Great Mother, last sheaf ealled, 401 bound up with, 680; oi criminais, Grebo people of Sierra Leone, 174 wizards, and witches shorn, 681 Greece, priestly kings in, 9; ceremony Hair-eutting, ceremonies at, 233 performed by persons supposed to have Halfdan the Blal:k, Norwegian king, 379 been dead, 15; homoeopathie magie in, Hallowe'en, 609; fires, 632-6; divinatIons 16, 3.; sacrifice of pregnant victims to at, 634; witches, fairies, and hobgoblins ensure fertility in, 28; contagious magie let loose at, 634; and Beltane, the two In, 44; rain-making in, 69, 77; sanctity chief fire festivals of the British Celh, 656 of kings and chiefs in Homeric, 89; Halmahera, driving away devils in, 548 forests of, IIO; tree worship in, 1 II ; Hand of Glory, 30 custom as to foundations of new build• Hands, tabooed, 204-6, 208, 210, 212, 214, Ings in, 191; eustom as to man-slayers 233; not to be c1asped, 240; of enemies in, 216; names of the priests of the eaten, 498 Eleusinian mysteries not to be mentioned HannibaI, his retirement from Italy, 348 in, 259; the eight years' cyele in, 279 ; Hanover, harvest customs in, 400, 401, human sacrifices in, 290; mode of eid• 454; Easter bonfires in, 615 ding the fields of mice in, 530; scape• Hare, com-spirit as, 452 goats in, 541, 578; Midsummer fires in, Hares not eaten lest they make the eaters 631; stories of the external soul in, 670 timid, 495; witches changed into, 657 Greek belief that the sun rode in a chariot, Haroekoe, East Indian island, fishermen's 79; calendar, 279; charms, 31, 32; magie in, x8 Church, ceremonies on Good Friday in Harpocrates, the younger Horus, 36. the, 345; divinities who died and rose Harran, mouming for Tammuz in, 338; again, 386; maxim not to look at one's legend of Tammuz in, 442; human reflection in water, 192; maxim not to sacrifices in, 444 wear rings, 243; mythology, Adonis in, Harvest, rain-charm at, 341; custom oi 325, 327;· ritual of expiatory sacrifices, the Arabs oi Moab at, 372, 378; ex• .73; sanctuaries, iron not to be brought pulsion of devils after, 557, 575 into, 22.; superstitions as to certain Harvest child, 406; cock, 451; customs, woollen garments and stones, 32 400-10; goat, 454; hen, 451; May, II8, Green Com Dance, 486 124; mother, 401 -- George, 126, 128 Harz Mountains, 42; Carnival in the, 307 -- Wolf, Brotherhood of the, 628, 664 Hawaii, capture oi souls by sorcerers in, Greenland, woman in child-bed thought to 188; festival of Macahity in, 28:il, :il83 con trol the wind in; 80; belief in the Hawk, Isis in the form of a, 36. mortality of the gods in, 264 Hawks revered by the Ainos, 516 Grey, Sir George, 689 Hawthom at doors on 1I1ay Day, UI Grimm, lacob, 709 Hays of Errol, 702 Grove, Arician, 5, 163, 301 ; Balder's, 608 ; Head, prohibition to touch the, 207, 230, soul of chief in a sacred, 68 I 23I; regardcd as sacred, 230; tabooed, Groves, sacred, IIO, III; to Diana, 140 23°-31; supposed to be the residence oi Guanches of TeneritIe, 75 spirits, 230; of horse in Roman sacri1ice, Guarani Inö!ans, 29, 601 .78. See also Heads 130 INDEX Head'hunters, 433 Holiness, and pollution not differentiatecl Headache, caused by elipped hair, 234, by savages, 222; conceived as a danger• 237; transferred to animal, 540 ous virus, 474; as a dangerous physical Heads, of lae gatherers not to be cleansed, substance wh ich needs to be insulated, 21; of man-slayers shaved, 215; of 594 dead kings removed and kept, 295. See Holland, .. killing the Hare" in, 452; also Head Easter ftres in, 617; the mistletoe in, 662 Heart, of Dionysus, 388, 389; of jackal not Honduras, Indians of, 687 eaten lest it make the eater timid, 495 ; Honey-wine, continence at brewing, ZI9 of lion or leopard eaten, 495; of water• Hooks used in magic, 27; to catch souls, ouzel eaten to acquire wisdom and 180, 185 eloquence, 496; of wolf and of bear Horns, blown to ban witches, 561; to eaten to acquire courage, 496 expel demons, 568 Hearts, of men and animals ofIered to the Rorse, prohibition to see a, 172; prohibi• sun, 79, 589; of dead kings eaten by tion to ride, 174; last sheaf given to, their successors, 295; of men sacrificed, 408, 460; com-spirit as a, 459 ; .. fatigue 431; of men eaten to acquire their of the," 460; .. Cross of the," 460; qualities, 497 Virbius and the, 476; sacrificed to , Heaven, between, and earth, 592-607; lire 478, 578; red, sacrificed as a purification of, 644; Queen of, 7 II of the land, 570 Hebrew prophets, their ethical religion, Horse-headed Demeter, 471 SI Horses, Hippolytus killed by, 5, 301; Heitsi-eibib, Hottentot god or hero, 264 exc1uded from Arician grove, S, 477; Helen of the Tree, 356 sacrificed to thc sun, 79; driven through Heliogabalus, sun-god at Emesa, 330 the need-fire, 639, 640 Helle and Phrixus, children of King Atha- Rorus, his eye injured by Typhon, 475; mas, 290 the younger, son of Isis and the dcad Hernp, promoting the growth of, 28, 624 Osiris, 364, 367 Hen, sacrificed by woodrnan after felling Hos, of North-eastem India, 556; of Togo- tree, 112; heart of, not eaten, 495 land, 232, 239, 241 , 555 Hera, adoption of Hercu1es by, 14; and Hotber, the blind god, and Bald<:r, 608 Zeus, their marriage, 143 Hottentots, 45, 80, 221, 265 Hercu1es, 14, 425, 443 House, taboos observed after building a Hercynian forest, 109 new, II7; cerernony on entering a new, Herdsmen dread witches and wolves, 649 186; taboos on quitting the, 200 Hermotirnus of Clazornenae, 185 House-building, 30; continence obscrved Hermutrude, legendary queen of Scotland, at, 220 155 Housebreakers, charms employed by, 30 Hialto, how he became brave, 496 Howitt, A. W., 44, 23~ Hidatsa Indians, III, 690 Hudson Bay Territory, 605 Highlands of Scotland, the, magic to catch Huichol Indians of Mexico, 23, 32 ftsh in, 18; St. Bride's Day in, 134; Huitzilopochtli, or Vitzilipuztli, a great iron as acharm against fairies in, 226 ; Mexican god, 488 saying about cornbing hair at night in, Human sacrifices. See under Sacrifices 234; knots untied at marrlage in, 241 ; Hungary, Whitsuntide Queen in, 131; beating the cow's hide in, 538; Beltane continence at sowing in, 138; harvest ftres in, 617-20; Hallowe'en fires in, 635 ; cock in, 451; custorn at threshing in, need-fire in, 641; story 01 the external 458; wornen fertilised by being struck soul in, 673 with certain sticks in, 581; Midsummcr Hilal'ia., festival of joy, 350 fires in, 627, 644 Hindoo charm, 30; marriage, 34; trinity, Hunters, employ homoeopathic magic to 52; superstition, II4 ensure a catch, 18; taboos observed by Hindoo Koosh, sacred cedar of the, 95; and for, 19, 20, 23; employ contagious expulsion of demons in the, 557, 575 magic of footprints, 45; taboocd, 216; Hindoos, 15, 101, 180, 343, 602, 669; of chastity of, 217; propitiation of wild Southern India, 482 animals b-y, 518-32; luck of, spoiled by Hippasus, tom to pieces by Bacchanals, menstruous wornen, 605-6 292 Hurons, 144, 179, 527. 55 0 Hippodamia and Pelops, 156 Husband, taboos observed in his absence, Hippolytus, 4, 5, 301 , 477 21-25; his name not to be pronounced, Hippopotamus, ceremony after killing a, 248, 249; and wife, name given to two 523 fire-sticks, 484 Hogmanay, Highland custom on, 538; Huzuls of the Carpathians, 20, 234, 541, song in the Isle of Man, 634 638 INDEX 731 Hyaenas, supposed power over men's India, Southem, inspired priest in, 94; shadows, 190 husband's name tabooed in, 249; kings Hy".n tc Demeter, Homeric, 393 formerly killed after a twelve years' Hymns to Demetrius Poliorcetcs, 97; to reign in, 274; ceremonies at eating the Tammuz,326 new rice in, 482; expulsion of demon in, Hyrrockin, a giantess, 608 563 Indian ceremonies analogous to the rites of Ibadan, king of, 29' Adonis, 336; legend parallel to Balder Ibans of Sarawak, 531 myth,701 Ibn Batutah, 1405 -- Archipelago, the, head-hunting in, Ibos of the lower Niger, 685 441; expulsion of diseases in, 566; Iddah, divinity c1aimed by king of, 99 birth-custom in, 679 Ignorrotes, the, 11 5 Indonesian ideas of tbe rice soul, 414; Ijebu tribe, 281 treatment of the growing rice as a breed• Ilocanes of Luzon, the, 113 ing woman, 414 Images, magieal, 13, 14.; dipped in water Indra, great Indian god, 67, 701 as a rain-charm, 77; of Osiris made of Industrial progress essential to intellectual vegetable mould, 374-7; vicarious use progress, 48; evolution from uniformity of, 492; of gods, suggested origin of, to diversity ol function, 106 0501; demons conjured into, 563, 568; Infanticide, 293 colossal, filled with human victims and Infants, exposed to attacks of demons, bumt,654 226,245; tabooed,231 Imagination, death from, 204 Infidelity of wife thought to injure absent Immortality, Egyptian hope of, centred in husband, 23, 25 Osiris, 367, 376, 382; hope of, associated Ingiald, son of King Aunund, 496 with the Eleusinian mysteries, 398 Ingniet or Ingiet, a secret society, 680 Impregnation of women by the sun, 603 Initiation, rites of, 692, 693 Inca, fast of the future, 595 Innovations, the savage distrust of, 22' Incamation, of gods in human form, 91 ; Ino and Melicertcs, 290, 291 cxamples of temporary, 93; of divine Inquisition, the, 101, 102 spirit in Shilluk kings, 267, 268 Insects, homoeopathic magie of, 11; Incas of Peru, 40, r04, 236, 553 charms to protect the flelds against, '30, Incense, inhaled to produce inspiration, 95 ; 53 1 used in exorcism, 195; bumt at thc Inspiration, 93; two modes of producing rites of Adonis, 337; bumt in honour of temporary, 94; prophetie, 334; savage the Queen of Heaven, 337; bumt as a theory of, 356 protection against witches, ,561 Intellectual progress dependent on eco• Inccst, 141, 332 nomic progress, 48 India, ascendency of sorcerers over gods Invulnerability, conferred by decoction of in modem, 52; rain-charm in, 71; in• a parasitic orchid, 660; of Balder, 667 ; carnate human gods in, 93, 100; cere• attained through blood brotherhood with mony of rebirth in, 197; story of the animaI, 684 transference of human souls in, 184; Invulnerable wadock or giant, stories of images of Siva and PärvaU married in, the, 668 3 I 9-20; human sacriflces in, 433; use Ireland, wornan bumt as a witch in, 56; of animals as scapegoats in, ,565; girls magical powers of kings in, 89; belief sec1uded at pubcrty in, 602; torture of as to green boughs on May Day in, II9 ; suspected witches in, 681 May Day in, 121; May Queen in, 131 ; --, ancient, ceremony performcd by taboos observed by kings in ancient, persons supposed to have been dead in, 173; cut hair preserved against the day 15; magical nature of ritual in, 53; of judgmeut in, 236; old kings of, might magical power of kings in, 89; maxim not not have any blcInish,. 273; barvest to look at one's reflection in water in, 192 customs in, 404; hunting tbe wrcn in, --, Central Provinces of, rain-charms in, 537; Beltane fires in, 621; Hallowe'cn 73; sacred trees in, 119; peacock in, 634; ltlidsummer flres in, 646; story worshipped among the Bhils of, 474; of the external soul in, 673 expulsion of disease in, 565 Iron, tabooed, 221, 224; used as acharm --, North-eastern, harvcst horne festival against spirits, 225, 481; mistletoe in, 556 gathered without the use of, 660 --, Northem. the Emblica officillalis Iron-Beard, Dr., a \Vhitsuntide mummer, sacrcd in, H9; coco-nuts sacred in, II9; 297, 300, 307 eyes of owl eaten in, 497 lroquois, the, II2, 553 --, South-eastcrn, precautions against Ishtar, great Babylonian goddess. 3250 demon of smallpox in, 549 330 732 INDEX Isis, bow sbe discovered tbe name of Ra, Jawbones, magical use of, 18, 78; of sIam :ZOO; sister and wife of Osiris, 363, 382 ; animals propitiated by hunters, 526 her many names, 382; a com-goddess, Jaws of corpse tied up to prevent the 382; her discovery of wheat and badey, escape of the soul, 180 382; identifted with Demeter, 383; Jay, blue, as scapegoat, 545 popularity of ber worship in tbe Roman Jeoud, sacrifieed by his father, 293 Empire, 383; resemblanee to the Virgin Jerome on the worship of Adonis, 346 Mary, 383; dirge of, 424 -- of Prague, rr8 Islay, tbe island of, 403 Jerusalem, the Temple at, 225 j mourning Isle de Franee, tbe May-tree and Father forTammuzat,326j religiousmusicat,334 May in, 126; harvest customs in, 427, Jewish hunters, 228 430; Midsummer giant bumt in, 655 Jewitt, John R., 698 Isle of Man, the, 81; St. Bridget in, 135 ; Jews, attitude of, to the pig, 472; tbeir hunting the WIen in, 536; Midsumml'r ablutions, 473; use of scapegoats, 569, fires in, 630, 645; old New Year's Day 572 in, 633; Hogmanay song in, 634; Jinn, 145, 540 Hallowc'en in, 636 Jinnee of the sea, virgins married to a, 146 Israelites, 210, 472 Judah, idolatrous kings of, 79 Issapoo, negroes of, 501 Judas, efligies of, burnt, 615, 616 Italones, the, 498 Jukos, the, of Nigeria, 270 Italy, disposal of loose bair by womcn in, , the Emperor, 109, 336, 346 236; .. killing the Hare" at barvest in, Juniper berries, houses fumigated with, 560 453; resemblanee between the Camival , ISO, 151, 164, 165; Moneta, 150 of modem and tbe Satumalia of ancient, , Roman kings in the character of, 586; Midsummer fires in, 631; thc 148, 152; as god of the oak, the rain, mistletoe in, 659; birth-trees in, 682 and the thunder, 160; and Juno, doubles --, ancient, spinning on highroads for• of (Dianus) and Diana, 164; and bidden to women, 20; forests of, rro; Dionysus, 388 tree-worship in, rr I; oaks sacred to -- Capitoline, 148, 150; Elicius, 149; Jupiter in, 160 Latian, ISO; Liber, temple of, 225 Itonamas of South America, 180 Jutland, superstitions about a parasitic Ivy, eaten by Bacchanals, 95; prohibition rowan in, 702 10 touch or name, 174; sacred to Attis, Jutuma, a water nympb, 165 352; sacred to Osiris, 381; associated with Dionysus, 387 Kabyle story of thc external soul, 674 Kachins of Burma, 219 Ja-Luo tribes of Kavirondo, 215 Kadiak, island off Alaska, 208 Jablonski, P. E., 384 Kai, tribe in New Guinea, 498, 581, 694 Jabme-Aimo, abodc of the dead, 529 Kakian association in Ceram, 696 Jack-in-the-Green, 129, 299 Kalamba, a Congo chief, 198 Jackal's heart not eaten lest it make the Kali, Indian goddess, 94 eater timid, 495 Kalmucks, thc, 534; story of tbe extemal Jagas, a tribe of Angola, 293 soul among the, 675 Jambi in Sumatra, temporary kings in, 287 Kamilaroi, tbc, 498 Jana, another form of Diana, 164-5 Kamtchatkans, the, 78, 520, 529 Janus, 164, 165, 167; as a god of doors, Kangaroo, eaten to make eater swift- 166 j explanation of the two-headcd, 166 footed, 496 Japan, black dog sacrificed for rain in the Kansas Indians, 496 mountainsof,73; rain-makingby mc:ms Kapus or Rcddis in Madras Presidency, 73 of a stone in, 76; eeremony to make Kara·Kirghiz, tbc, 120 trees bear fruit in, II4; the Mikado of, Karens of Burma, 183, 185, 230, 415 168; bear festival of the Aino in, 505 ; Kanna-tree, eercmony over a, 342 the mistletoe in, 660 Karo-Bataks of Sumatra, 40, 185, 233 Jar, theevils of a whole yearshut up in a,567 Karok Indians of California, 528 Jars, wind kept by priests in, 170 Karpathos, island of, 545 Jaundice, 15, 16 Katajalina, an Australian spirit, 693 Java, 30; rain - charms in, 66, 68, 72; Kavirondo, tribes of, purification of man- sexual intercourse to promote the growth sla yers among thc, 2 I:; of riee in, 136; custom when child is Kayans of Bornco, 82, II 7, 2II, 221,414,496 first set on the ground, 181; remedy for Kei lslands, tht!, magical telepatby in, 24, gout or rbeumatism in, 196; supeISti• 26; treatment of tbc navel-string in, 40 ; tions as to the head in, 230; eeremony expulsion of demons in, 548; birth at riee-harvest in, 418; earthworms custom in, 679 ..ten by dancing ,iris in, 496 Kekchi Indians of Guatemala, 138 INDEX 733 Keramin tribe of New South Wal('s, 76 term, 274; dying by deputy, 278; Keremet, a god of the Wotyak~, 144 temporary, ~S3-9; tom in picces, tradi• Kettles u,ed to mimic thunder, 77 tions of, 378; trace of the custom of Key of the field, 430 slayillg thelll allnually, 440 Keys, bunch of, as acharm, 226 King'ihip, evolution of the saered, J05; Khalij, old canal at Cairo, 370 descent of thc, in the female line, 152, Khan, ceremony at visiting a Tartar, 198 ; 154, ISS; burdens and restrietion~ tbe Great, 228 attaching to the early, 168, 175; tenure Khön-ma, Tibetan goddess, 492 of the, 279-8 I Khonds, tbe, 256, 434, 557 Kingsley, Miss, on soul-traps, 188 Khor-Adar Dinka, the, 270 Kinship of men with croeodiles, 519 Kibanga, king of, 270 Kiowa Indians, 253 Kickapoo Indians, 214 Kirghiz, the, 156, 249, 602 Kid, surname of Dionysus, 390 Kirn, last corn cut, 406, 407 Kidncys taboocd to Malagasy soldiers, 22 Kiwai, natives of, 379 Killer,of the Elephant,official who throttles Klamath Indians of Oregon, 255 sick kings, 271; of the Rye-woman, 428 Knife as ehann against spirits, 226; not Killing the spirit of tbe wind, 82; the to be left edge upwards, 227 divine king, 264-83; tbe tree-spirit, 296- Knives, not used at meals after a funeral, 323; tbe divine animal, 499-518; a god, 227; of special pattern used in reaping 533, 538, 587-92 riee, 414 Kimbunda, the, of West Afrien, 498 Knots, tying up the wind in, 81; pro• King, tbe killing of the divinc, 264-83; hibition to wear, 174; untied at ehild• his life sympathetically bound up with birth, 238, 240; thought to prevent the the prosperity of the country, 267, 268, consummation of marriage, 240 ; thought 592; sacrifice of his son, 289-93; re• to cause sickness and disease, 241; used sponsible for wcather and crops, 292. to eure disease, win a lover, or stop a See also Kings runaway, 242; magical virtue of, 242-3 ; King and Queen, at Athens, 9; at Whit• tied in branches of trees as remedies, 545 suntide, 132, 299; of May, 132, 299, Koniags of Alaska, 600 320 Koran, on magieal knots, 241 King, the Grass, 130, 299; the Leaf, 130 ; Ko,e, Maiden, title of Persephone, 420 the Roman, as ]upiter, 148 Kore, expelled on Easter Eve in Albania, King of the Bean, 586; of the Cali, 458 ; 560 of Fire, 108, 176, 266; of Rain, 70; of Koryaks, the, 156, 521, 523 Rain and Storm, 107; of Sacred Rites Koschei the Deathless, story of, 671 at Rome, 9, 106, 152, 157; of Water, Kostroma, funeral of, in Russia, 318 108, 176, 266; of the Wood at Nemi, I, Kostrubonko, death and resurreetion of, 3, 8, 106, 140, 147, 163, 164, 167, 269, 31 7 296, 3°O, 301, 586, 593, 703, 710; of the Koui hunters in Laos, 529 Years at Lhassa, 573, 574 Krishna, Hindoo god, 101 King Hop in Siam, 284, 285 Kublai Khan, 228 King's evil, 90, 204 Kuhn, Adalbert, 644 -- Race at Whitsuntide, 129 Kukulu, priestly king, 169 Kings, priestly, 9, 169, 2°3; Teutonic, 9 ; Kumis of South-eastern India, 549 magicians as, 83-91; touch for scrofula,. Kunama, the, 107 90; divinity of, 91; as gods in India, Kupalo, mythical being, 317-18, 627, 652 100; temples. built in bonour of, 104; Kurmis of India, 565 sacrifices to, 104; of nature, 106-9; of Kurnai of Vietoria, 190, 689 rain, 108; of fire and water, 108; Kuruvikkarans of Southern India, 94 Roman, 147-9, 151, 152; supernatural Kwakiutl Indians, 66, 527, 678 powers attributed to, 149, 168; pater• nity of, 154; their lives regulated by Labyrinth, the Cretan, 280 strict rules, 168, 194; taboos observed Lae, taboos observed in gathering, 21 by, 171; beaten be fore coronation, 176 ; Lada, mythical being in Russia, 318 portraits of, not on co ins, 193; guarded Ladder, for the use of a tree-spirit, II6; 10 against the magic of strangers, 198; not faeilitate the deseent of the sun, 136 to be seen eating and drinking, 198; fOr• Lafitau, ]. F., 256 bidden to leave their palaccs, 200; Lagos, in West Afrien, 295, 433 tabooed, 202; foods tabooed to, 238; Lagrange, Father, 338 names of, tabooed, 257-9; killed when Lake-dwellers of Europe, 399 strength fails, 265; attacks on, per• Lakor, island of, 566 mitted, 267, 275; worshipped after Laluba, the, of the Upper Nile, 115 death, 268; killed at the end of a fixed Lama of Tibet, the Grand, 102-3 734 INDEX

Lamb, . blood of, ta~tl'd by priestess to Licellce, periods ol, 158, 553, 555, 558. ~'5, proeure inspiration, 94; as expiatory 583 victim, 224; thl'Own illlo lake as an Lightnillg, magical imitation of, 63; imita• olIering, 390; killed sacramentally, 534 tion of, by kings, 77, 149; talisman3 l.aments for Tammuz, 326; for Osiris, 366 against, 614, 615, 626, 637, 638, 649~ Lamps, dedication of, 3; to ligbt ghosts to regardcd as a god descending out 01 their old bomes, 374 heaven, 708; strikes oak oftener than Landen, the battlefteld of, 340 any other tree, 708, 709; places strnck Language, special, 99; change of, cau,ed by, enc10scd and deemed saered, 70') by taOOo, 254, 255, 257 Lime-trees, sacrcd, 16I Lanquineros, the, 138 Linus or Ailinus, Phoenician vintage süng, lAIos, in Siam, tab00s oLserwd at, 21, 23, 425, 442 21 9, 594 LiOIl, purification of killer of a, 221; fiesh Lapis manalis used in rain-mal

Nanumea, island 01, precautions against New Hebrides, contagious magie in tbe, 43 j strangers in, 195 magie of refuse of feod in the, 201; eon• Narcissus and his reflection, 192 ception of tbe extemal soul in tbe, 684 Narrinyeri of South Australia, 201 New Ireland, 596 Natal, the Caffres of, 483 Ncw Mexico, tbe aridity 01, 76; the Natchez Indians of North America, 63, 215 Indians of, 502, 551 Nativity of the SUD at the winter solstice, New South Wales, natives of, bury their 358 dead at fleod-tide, 35; tribes of, 38 i Nature, conception of tbe immutable laws way of stopping rain in, 64; the drama of, not primitive, 91-::1; the order and oi resurrection at initiation in, 692, 693 uniformit}' of, 162 New Year, Chinese, 468; the Celtic, on Nauras Indians of New Granada, 497 November first, 633 Navajoes of New Mexico, 678 Ncw Year's Day, 558, 569; Eve, 538, 561 Navel-steing, 39-41, II9 New Zealand, sanctity of chiefs in, 204; Ndembo, secret soclety on the Lower Congo, sacredness of chiefs' blood and heads in, 697 230, 231; customs at hair-cutting in, Ncbseni, the papyrus of, 380 233; magie use of spittlc in, 237; namp-s .. Neck, crying the," in Devonshire, 445 of chiefs tabooed in, 259; effect oi con• Need-fire, 617, 638-41 tact with a sacred object in, 474; eyes Nckht, the papyrus of, 380 of slain chi~f swallowed by warriors in, Nemi, I, 4, 5, 8; priest oi Diana at, I, 8, 498; human scapegoats in, 542 106, 161, 167; lake of, I, 704; sacred Ngarigo tribe of New South Wales, 498 grove of, 1,4,8, 140-42, 147; at evening, Ngoio, a province of Congo, rulc of sueccs• 714 sion to the chieiship in, 283 Nephele, wife oi King Athamas, 290 Nias, island of, magie in, 18; natives of, Nephthys, sister oi Osiris, 363 believe in demons oi trees, n6; eon• Net to catch the sun, 79 eeption of the soul in, 179; dctaiJlin~ Nets, marriage oi girls to, 144; to catch the soul in the body in, 180; taboos souls, 182; as amulets, 242; fumigatcd obscrvcd by hunters in, 218; super• with smoke of necd-fire, 641 stition as to personal names in, 245; New birtb, tbrougb blood in tbe rites of succession to tbe cbieftainsbip in, "94 ; Attis, 351; savage theory of, 356; of expulsion of demons in, 549; story of novices at initiation, 697 the extern al soul in, 677 New Britain, rain-making in, 63; the Nicaragua, the Indians of, 138 Sulka of, 64, 76; magical pow~ Nicbolson, General, worshipped as a god, ascribed to chiefs in, 84; avoidance of 100 wife's mother in, 191; expulsion of Nicknamcs, 247 devils in, 547-8; secret society in, 680 Nicobar Islands, heavy rains attributed to New Caledonia, rain-making by means of the wrath of spirits in the, 225; custom a human skeleton in, 71; making sun• of moumers in thc, 253; changes in shine and drought in, 78; dctaining the language caused by fear of naming thc soul in the body in, 180; ideas as to dead, 255; expulsion of demons in thp, reflections in, 192; burying the evil 567 spirit in, 548; taro plants beaten to Niger, belief as to extemal human souls make them grow in, 581 lodged in animals on the, 686 New Guinea, charm to basten the moon in, Nigeria, Northem, custom of putting kings 80; ebarm for making wind in, 80; to death in, 271 constitution of society in, 84; leavings --, Southem, the priest of the Earth in, oi feod destroyed in, ::101; seclusion and 594; theory of the external soul in, 677. puriJieation oi man-slayers in, 213; eon• 684, 685 tinence observed during the turtle season Nightingale in magie, 32 in, 217; dread of sorcery in, 229 Nightjars, the lives of women in, 687 --, Britisb, cbarms used by bunters in, Nile, the rise and fall of the, 369; thought 18; charm against snake-bite in, 31; to be swollen by the tears of Isis, 370; 110 despots in, 84; double ehieftainship the .. beide" of the, 370; money and in the Mekeo distriet of, 178; a widower offerings of gold thrown into the, 37 I an outcast in, 207; changes in language --, the Upper, medicine-men as chiefs eaused by fear of naming tbe dead in, among the tribes of, 85; Kings of the 255; girls secluded at puberty in, 597 Rain on, 107 --, Dutch, 213; naIDes of relations by --. the White, 266, 56S marriage tahooed in, 250 Nine, a number used in magica1 ceremonies, --,Nortbem, rites of initiation in, 694, 695 etc., 18, 241, 242, 284, 480, 618, 620, 625. --, Soutb-eastem, annual expulsion of 626, 6:z8, 639 demons in, 556 Niska Indians of British Columbia, 699 INDEX 739 Nisus, king of Megara, story 01, 670 Oil, in magie, 23, 25, 26, 76; oi St. John, Noessa Laut, magie in, 18 661, 662, 706; human victim anointed Nonnus, on death of Dionysus, 388 with,435 Noon, fear to lose the shadow at, 191 Ointment, magieal, 41 Nootka Indians, 66, 179, ::117, 522, 599, Ojebway Indians, 13, 45, 78, II3, 2II, 245 698; wizard, 18 01a1a, secret society of Niska Indians, 699 Normandy, burial of Shrove Tuesday in, Old Calabar, II9, 493; expulsion of devils 305; harvest customs in, 429; Brother• and ghosts in, 567 hood of the Green Wolf in, 628-9; pro• Old Man, Arab custom of burying the, 378 ; cessions on the eve ofTwelfth Day in, 647 the last sheaf called the, 402, 426, 427, Norrland, Midsummer bonfires in, 625 457 Norse stories of the extemal soul, 673 --men, savage communities ruled by, 47 North-American Indians, 210, 228, 494, -- Rye woman, 428, 465 496, 524, 529, 533, 594, 605, 678, 698 --Wife, name given to last corn cut, 403 Norway, 133; harvest eustoIDS in, 428, -- Witch, buming the, 429 429,453, 454; Midsummer fires in, 625 ; -- Woman, oi the Corn, 372; last ears superstitions about a parasitie rowan in, oi com called, 400; last sheai called, 702 4°2; killing th(', 428; burning the, 6I+ Nubas of Jebel-Nuba, 203 -- Woman who Nevcr Dies, North Nufoors of Dutch New Guinea, 246, 250 American Indian p('rsonification of Numa, 4, 147, 149, 151, 158, 164 maize, 419 Nut, Egyptian sky-goddess, mother of Oldenberg, Professor, 67 Osiris, 362, 363 Oldfield, A., 25 I Nuts passed aeross Midsummer fires, 629 Oleae, the, at Orchomenus, 291, 292 Nyakang, first of the Shilluk kings, 267 Olive wood, sacred images carved of, 7 Nyanza, Lake, incamate human god of, 98 Olofaet, a fire-god, in Namoluk, 707 Nyassa, Lake, 596 Oloh Ngadju oi Borneo, the, 492 Olympia, races for the kingdom at, 156 Oak, the worship oi the, 159-61, 659, 710 ; Omaha Indians, 63, 216, 473, 474 effigy of Death buried under an, 309; Omens, magie to annul evil, 37; from the principal sacred tree of the Aryans, observation of the sley, 279; from boil• 665; human representatives of the oak ing milk, 482; from the smoke and perhaps originally bumt at the fire• flames of bonfires, 612, 615,616, 6ZI, festivals, 665, 666; life of, in mistletoe, 624, 645; from cakes rolled down hill, 701; supposed to bloom on Midsummer 620; oi marriage, 626, 646 Eve, 706; struck by lightning oftener Omonga, a rice-spirit, ,p6 than any other tree, 708 On or Aun, king of Sweden, 278, 290 Oak branch, in rain-charm, 77; crown, Ongtong Java Islands, ceremony at re- sacred to Jupiter and Juno, I48, 151; ception of strangers in thc, 196 god, 151, 161; leaves, I48,66I ; mistle• Onitsha, on the Niger, king of, 200; cere• toe,an .. all-healer," 660-62; nymphs, mony at eating the new yams at, 483 ; at Rome, 147; -spirit, 701, 703; -trees, human scapegoats at, 569 sacrifices to, 161, and ague transferred Oracles, given by the king as representa• to, 546 tive oi the god, 94; by inspiret! priest<, -- wood, perpetual fire of, 16I, 70of; 94 used for the Yule log, 637, 638, 666; Oracular spring at Dodona, 147 Ilsed to kin dIe the Beltane fires, the nel'.d• Oraons of Bengal, 144, 342, 434 fire, and the Midsummer fires, 618, 620, Orchomenus in Boeotia, human sacrifice& 639, 665 at, 291 Oaths, on stones, 33: taken by Mexican Ordeal of battIe, 158; by poison, 294 kings, 87, 10+ Orestes at Nemi, 2, 6, 216 Oats Bride, 408; -cow, 457, 45B; -goat, Oriental religions in tbe West, 356·62 447,454,457; -mother, 400; -sow, 460 ; Orinoco, Indians oi the, 27, 28, 71, 73, 78, -stallion, 459; -wolf, 44 8, 449 524 O'Brien, Murrogh, 229 Orion, the constellation, 355 Octennial cyde based on an attempt to Orissa, Queen Victoria worshipped as a harmonise lunar and solar time, 279-80 deity in, 100 horse, sacrifice of the, 478 Orkney Jslands, transferencc of sickness by" Odin, saerifice oi king's sons to, 278-9, 290 ; means of water in the, 544 legend of the deposition of, 279; human Orotcbis, bear-iestivals of the, 514 sacrificcs to, 354 Orpheus, the legend oi his death, 379 O'Donovan, E., 242 05 iris, 52, 325, 443; the myth of, 362-8 ; Offspring, charms to procure, 14, 15 the ritual of, 368-77; the nature of, 377- Ogres in stories of the extemal soul, 669, 670 382; and the sun, 38 .. ; the cuIts ot 74° INDEX Adonis, Attis, Dionysus, :md, 424; key Parrots' eggs, a signal of death, 2'3 to mysteries of, 444; and the pig, 472, Parthian monarcbs brothcrs of the Sun, 104 475; in relation to sacred bulls, 476 Pärvatl and Siva, marriage of the imagel Osiris, Adonis, Attis, tbeir mytbic~l simi- of, 320 larity, 32~ Paschal candle, 614 Osiris of the mysteries," 376 -- Mountains, Easter fires on the, 615 Osiris-Sep, title of Osiris, 375 Passicr, in Sumatra, king of, 277 Ostiaks, tbe, 521 Pastoral tribes, animal sacraments am"ng, Ostrich, ghost of, deceived, 526 533 Ot Danoms of Borneo, 195, 597 Patagonia, 236; remedy for smallpox in, Ottawa Indians, 214, 522, 527 550 Ounce, ceremony at kilIing an, 523 Patani Bay, the Malays of, 183 .. Our Motber among tbe Water," JlIcxican Paternity of kings a matter of indifferencl! goddess, 588 under female kinship, 154 Ovambo of Soutb-west Africa, 224 Pa ton , W_ R., 580 Owl, eyes of, eaten to make eater see in tbe I'awnces, tbe, 225, 432 dark, 496; life of a person bound up Payaguas of South America, 82 witb that of an, 684; sex totem of Pea-mother, 399, 400; -wolf, 448 women, 688 Peacoek, a totem of thc Bhils, 474 Ox, in magie, 22, 3r, 72; com-spirit as, Pear-tree as proteetor of eattle, H9; a9 457, 466-8; slaughtered at threshing, life-index of a girl, 682 459; sacrificed at the BOllphotlia, 466 ; Pearls, in homocopathie magie, 37 effigy of, brokcn as aspring ceremony in Peas-eow, 458; -pug, 448 China, 468 Pebbles thrown into Midsummer fires, 638 Oyo, king of, among tbe Yorubas, 274 Pelcw Islands, rr6; sccJusion of man- slayers in, 215; taboos observrd by Pacific, oracular inspiration of priests in relations of murdercd man in thc, 227 the Southern, 94 Pelops and Hippodamia, 156 Paddy (unhusked rice), the Father and Penance observed after building a new Mother of the, 419 hause, II7; for killing a baa-constrictor, Padlock as amulct, 242 222 Paganism and Christianity, resemblances Pennefathcr Riyer in Qucensland, the cxplained as diabolical counterfcits, 358, natives of the, 39 361 Pennyroyal, burnt in lIli,lsummer fire, 631 Palatinate, mimic contest between Summer Pentheus, king of Thcbes, 378, 392 and Winter in the, 316 Peppcras aeure orexorcism, I96; dropp,'Parilia, the, Roman festival of shepherds, Phaya Phollathep, " Lord of the Heavenly 154, 360 Hosts," temponry king in Siam, 284 Parkinson, lohn, 281 Pheneus, lake of, I ro Parrot, extern al soul of warlock in a, 669 Philae, the sculptures al, 376, 3lh INDEX 741 Philippine Islands, the, belief that souls of Plough, in relation to Dionysus, 387; ancestors are in certain trees in, II5; piece of Yule log inscrted in the, 645 grave of the Creator in, 264; human Ploughing, by women as a rain-charm, 70 ; sacrifices in, 355, 433; head-hunting in, ceremony 01, performed by temporary 441 king, 284, 288; Prussian custom at, Philo of Byblus, 293 342; in rites of Osiris, 375 Philosophy, as a solvent oi religion, 162; Plurality of souls, doctrine oi the, 690 primitive, 263 Pluto, carries off Persephone, 393, 469-70 , on death at low tide, 3.5 Plutus, begotten in thrice-ploughed field, Phoenicia, song oi Linus in, 425 421 Phoenician temples, 330, 331; kings in Poison, continence observed at brewing, Cyprus, 332; vintage song, 425, 442 21 9 Phrixus and Helle, children oi King Poison ordea!, 294 Athamas, 290 Poland, objeetion to iron p!oughshares in, Phrygia, 347, 354; Lityerses in, 425, 426 225; harvest customs in, 404, 406, 451 ; Phrygian cosmogony, 347; cap oi Attis, Christmas custom in, 450; need-fire in, 353 641 Pieardy, harvest customs in, 451; Lenten Pole-star, homoeopathic magic of the, 34 fire-customs in, 612 Pollution and holiness not differentiated by Piets, iemale descent of kingsbip among savagcs, 223 the, 156 Polynesia, taboos in, 205, 206, 259 ; sacreTiber, ism, 52; drenched with water as a rain• 493; used to attract demons of sickness chann, 70; rolled on fields as a fertility from living patients, 564 charm, 139; of Zeus, 159; brings back Puppies, red-haired, sacrificcd by the lost souls in a bag, 186; of Dionysus, Romans to the Dog-star, 444- 29 I ; sows and plucks the first riee, 482 ; Purification, of man-sIayers, 212, 215; of of Aricia, 592; of the Earth, 594 hunters and fishers, 216; after contact Priestesses, 94, 594 with a pig, 472 ; by washing, 473 ; before Priestly kings, 9 partaking of new fruits, 484, 488; by Priests, magical powers attributed to, 53, emetics, 485, 488; by standing on sacri• 54; inspired by gods, 94; infiuence fieed human victim, 572; by beating, wielded by, 196;. their hair unshorn, 602 232; foods taboocd to, 238; of Attis, Purificatory eeremonies, at reception of the emasculated, 347; sacrifice human strangers, 195 ; on return from a journey, victims, 589, 591 197 Princesses married to foreigners or men of --theory of the fires of the fire-festivals, low birth, 154 642, 647; more probable than the solar Proeessions, for rain in Siclly, 74; with theory, 650 bears from house to house, 512; with Puyallup Indians, 256 sacred animals, 535; to the Midsummer Pygmalion, king of Cyprus, 332 bonfires, 628, 630; of giants (efligies) at Pythagoras, maxims of, 44, 45 popular festivals, 654 Python clan, in Sencgambia, 502 Progress, the magician's, 45-8 Prophets, Hebrew, their ethical religion, 51 Quartz used in circumcision, 224 Propitiation, essential to religion, 50; of Quartz-crystal used in rain-making, 76 the souls of the slain, 212; of the spirits Queen, name given to last corn cut at of sIain animals, 217, 220; of the spirits harvest, 407; thc Harvest, in England, of plants, 487; of wild animals by 405; of Athens, married to Dionysus, hunters, 518-32; of vennin by farmers, 142; of tbe Com-ears, 405; of Egypt 530 the wifc ofAmmon, 142 ; of Heaven, 337, Prostitution, sacred, before marria,ge, 330 ; 7II; of May, 127, Y29, 131, 320 suggested origin of, 331 Queensland, beliefs as to the afterbirth in, Provence, priests thought to possess the 39; namesakes of the dcad chan~e thcir power of averting storms in, 53; May• names in somc of thc tribes of, 253; trecs in, 124; mock execution of Cara• expulsion of a· demon in Central, 562; mantran on Ash Wednesday in, 304; seclusion of girls at puberty in, 598 Midsummer fires in, 630; the Yule log Quetzalcoatl, Mexican god, 491 in, 637 Quilaeare, suicidc of the kings of, 274-S Prussia, contagious magie in, 44; custom Quinoa-mother, the, 413 at spring ploughing in, 342; harvest Quiteve, title of king oi Sofala, 273 customs in, 421, 426; the Corn-goat in, Quito, tbe kings of, 431 454; the Bull at reaping in, 459; Mid• Quonde, in Nigeria, king-ldlling at, 271 summer fires in, 627 --, East, harvest custOlIIS in, 401, 453, Ra, the Egyptian sun-god, 362, 364, 366, 454, 457 475; and !sis, 260 --, \Vest, harvest customs in, 402, 457 ; Race, to determine the Whitsuntide killg, pretenee of birth of child on harvcst• 129; succession to a kingdom detcr• field in, 406, 421 mincd by a, 156; for a bride, 156; of Prussian rulers formerly burnt, 274 reapers to last sheaf, 459 Prussians, the old, 288; their funeral Races, at Whitsuntide, 124, 129; on horse• fcasts, 227; supreme ruler of, 274 back to the Maypolc, 132; at tire• P,oloeis, the, at Orchomenus, 291, 292 festivals, 6II Psylli, a Snakc clan, 83, 502 Radica, a festival at the end of thc Cami val Ptarmigans and ducks, dramatic contest in Frosinone, 302 of the, among the Esquimaux, 317 !{ain, the magical control of, 62-78, 234, Puberty, girls secluded at, 595; initiatory 629, 645; praycrs for, 71, 77, 86, II8, rites at, 692 159-61; kings cxpected to give, 85-7, Punchkin and thc parrot, story of, 669, 98-9; supposed to fall only as a resllit 687, 690 of magic, l!7; Zeus as the god of, 159 ; Punjaub, the, General Nicholson wor• prevented by the blood of a wOlllan who shipped in his lifetime in, 100; human has miscarricd, 209 INDEX 743 Rain-bird, 71.; -charms, 71, 131, 1.10, 234, Reincamation of animals, 526-7 300, 341, 400, 437, 438; doctor, among Relations, names of, tabooed, 1.49-51; 01 the Toradjas of Celebes, 68; -gods, 73-5 ; the dead take new names for fear of the king, 70, 107; -makers, 62, 84-6, 107, ghost, 253 269, 270; song, sung by women, JI8; Religion, and magie, 48-60, 64, 90, 92, 162, -stones, 76, 85; temple, in Angoniland, 324, 7JI; defined, So; two elements of, 64 a theoretica1 and a praetica1, 50; and Rajah, temporary, after death of rajah, 287 science, SI, 712; the Age of, 56; transi• Rajahs, among the Malays, supematural tion from magie to, 57; and musie, 334, powers attributed to, 88; two, in Timor, 335 177 Religions, oriental, in the West, 356-62 Rajputana, gardens of Adonis in, 343 Religious assoclations among the Indians Ralf, the fair of, in India, 319 of North America, 698 Ram, with golden ßeece, 290; as vicarious Remission of sins through the shedding of sacrifice for human victim, 291; saeri• blood,356 ficed to Ammon, 477; Tibetan goddess Remulus, 149- See Romulus riding on a, 492; killing the sacred, 500 ; Renan's theory of Adonis, 340, 341 censecration of a white, 534 Renouf, Sir P. le Page, 384 Ram's skull in charm to avert demons, 492 Reproduetive powers, heating people to Rama, his battle with the king of Ceylon, stimulate their, 581-1. 670 Reptile clan of the Omaha Indians, 474 Ramanga, among the Betsileo, 229 Resurrection, 236; of the god, 300, 386; Raratonga, in the Paeific, 39 of the tree-spirit, 3°0; of a god in the Rarhi Brahmans of Bengal, 602 hunting, pastoral, and agrieultural Raskolnik, Russian Dissenter, 71 stages of soclety, 301 ; enaeted in Shrove• Raspberries, wild, cercmony at gathering tide and Lenten ceremonies, 307; of the the first, 486 effigy of Death, 312; of the Camival, Rat's hair as acharm, 31 315; of the Wild Man, 315; of Kostru• Rats, in magie, 39; superstitious pre• bonko, 317; of Attis, 350, 360; of Osiris, cautions of farmers against, 531 374, 376; of Dionysus, 468; of animals, Rattle, wooden, swung by twins to make 516, 529; of fish, 527; divine, in fair or foul weather, 66 Mexiean ritual, 592; ritual of death and, Rattlesnakcs respeeted by North-Ameriean 69 1-701 Indians, 520 Rez Nemorensis, King of the Wood, 3 Raven's eggs in homoeopathic magie, 32 Rheumatism, and magie, 44, 45; popular Reapers, contests between, 401, 403, 404, eure for, 196 407, 426, 439; throw siekies at the last Rhine, dramatic contest between Winter standing eorn, 401, 403, 404, 407, 446, and Summer on the middle, 316 452; blindfolded, 404, 407; of riee , worship of Helen in, 356 deceiving the rice~spirit, 414; pretend Rhodians worship the sun, 79 to mow down visitors to the harvest• Rhys, Sir John, 635, 636 field, 430; remedies for pa ins in the Rice, in homoeopathic magie, 28, 29; in baek,455 bloom treated like a pregnant woman, --, Egyptian, their lamentations, 338, 115, 414; used to attraet the soul cen• 371, 382, 443, 444 ceived as a bird, 181, 184; in water, Reaping-mateh of Lityerses, 426 divination by, 256; soul of, 413-15, 417 ; Rebirth from a golden cow, 197; of two sheaves as .. husband and wife," ancestors id'their descendants, 256 418; (paddy) father and mother of the, Recall of tbe soul, 180 419; .. eating the soul of the rice," 482 ; Red colour in magie, 15; WOOl,242 the new, eeremonies at eating, 482 Red - haircd men sacrifieed by aneient Rice bride and bridegroom, 418; cakes, Egyptians, 378, 38o, 443, 476; puppies 490; child, 417; mother, 413, 415, 417 saerificed by thc Romans, 444, 476 Riekets, eure for, 682 Reddening the face of a god, 148 Riedei, J. G. F., 696 Reddis or Kapus in Madras Presidency, 73 Rings to prevent the escape of the soul, Refleetion, the soul identified with the, 180; as amulets, 226, 243; as spiritual 192 fetters, 243; and knots tabooed, 238-44 Reßeetions in water, supposed dangers of, Ritual, of Adonis, 335-41; of Attis, 347- 192 352; of Dionysus, 389; primitive, Regalia, sanetity of, in Celehes, 295 marks of, 4II; magical or propitiatory, Regeneration from a golden cow, 197 4n; myths dramatiscd in, 608; 01 Regieide among the Slavs, 278; modified death and resurreetion, 691-701 eustom of, 283 Roek-erystal in rain-charms, 72, 83 Regifu,ium at Rome, 157, 301 Roepstorff, F. A. de, 255 744 INDEX Romans, saerifieed pregnant vietims to Rustling of leaves regarded as the voiee of ensure fertility, 28; the ancient, their spirits, II5 ceremonies for procuring rain, 77, 78; Ruthenia, Midsummer bonfires in, 627 superstition as to egg-shells, 201; cut• Ruthenian burglars, their ehanns to cause ting hair or nails on shipboard, 234; sleep, 30 superstitious objeetion to clasped hands Rye-boar, 460, 461; -mother, 399, 400; or crossed legs, 240; belief in the magie -dog, 449; -goat, 454; -pug, 449; virtue of divine names, 261; adopt the -sow, 447-60; -wolf, 447, 448; -woman, worship of the Phrygian Mother of the 428; Woman, the Old, 405 Gods, 348; their saerifiee of red-hai red puppies, 444, 476; their eure for fever, Sabaea or Sheba, kings of, 200 543 ; deemed sacred the places struck by Sabarios, a Lithuanian festival, 480 lightning, 709 Sabine priests, 224 Romanus Leeapenus, the emperor, 680 Sable-hunters, rules observed by, 525 Rome, the 5aerificial King at, 9, 106; rain• 5acaca, a Babylonian festival, 281; mock making in, 78, 149; sacred trees in, II I ; king of, 443 kingsof, 146-51; King and Queen of, 147, Sacrament in the rites of Attis, 351; of 151; founded by settlers from Alba swine's fiesh, 470; of first-fruits, 479, eom• Longa, 148; descent of the kingship in, bined with a sacrifice of them, 488; of 152; Midsummer festival in ancient, eating a god, 498; types of animal, 532-8 153, 154; priests in, 224; name of 5acramental bread, 491; eating of corn• guardian deity kept seeret, 262; Regi• spirit in animal form, 470; meal of new jugium at, 301; Phrygian Mother of the riee, 482 Gods brought to, 348; Festival of ]oy 5acred persons, names of tabooed, 257-9 () at, 350-51; sacrifiee of she• 5acrifiee, of the king's son, 289; of virility, goat to Vedijovis at, 392; annual saeri• 349, 350; not to be touched, 473; tice of Oetober horse at, 478; festival annual, of a sacred animal, 475; of first• of the Compitalia at, 491; the Mother fruits, 488; of heiter at kindling need• and Grandmother of Ghosts at, 491-3; fire, 641 human scapegoats in ancient, 577; Sacrifices, offered to aneestors, 71, 72; 5atumalia at, 583; sacred tire of human, 79, 96, II2, 117, 146, 279. 281. at, 665 290, 354, 355, 378-80, 431, 569, 571, 579, Romulus, III, 148, 158, 378 587, 6°9, 617, 653, 657, 658; offered to Romulus or Remulus, King of Alba, 149 kings, 104; offered to a sacred sword, Rook, island of, expulsion of the devil from 109; offered to trees, 112, II3, II5, n6, the, 547; initiation of young men in the, IIB; on roof of new house, II7; to 695 water-spirits, 146; to the dead, 175; Rope used to keep off demons, 559 at foundation of buildings, 191; to souls Rose, the Little May, 125; the white, of slain enemies, ,. I,.; vicarious, 292; of dyed red by the blood of Aphrodite, 336 children among thc 5emites, 293; offered Roumania, festival of Green George in, 126 in connection with irrigation, 370 Roumanians of Transylvania, 191, 227,341 5acrifieial king at Rome, 9, 106 Rowan, parasitie, 702 5agard, Gabriel, 527 Rowan-tree, a protection against witehes, 5aghalien, facilitating childbirth in, a40 620 5ahagun, B. de, 587 Royalty, the burden of, 168-78 5t. Andrews, witch burned at, 243 Runaways, knots as charms to stop, 242 5t. Angelo, ill-treated in drought, 75 Runes, magie, Odin and the, 355 5t. Bride, her Day in the ·Highlands 01 Rupert's Day, effigy burnt on, 614 5cotland, 134 ; an old goddess of Rupture, eure for, 682 fertility, 135 Russia, thieves' eandles in, 56; rain• 5t. Bridget, 134 making in, 63, 71; celebration of Whit• 5t. Columba, 101 suntide in, 121, 128, 134; 5t. George's 5t. Dasius, martyrdom of, 584-5 Day in, 128; priest rolled on the fields 5t. Denys, his seven heads, 366 to fcrtilise them, 137; use of knots as 5t. Francis of Paolo, 74 amulets in, 242; funeral ceremonies of 5t. , his image uscd in rain-making, 77 Kostrubonko, ete., in, 317-18; harvcst 5t. George, festival of, 360 customs in, 405, 425; wood-spirits in, 5t. George's Day, fertilisation of barren 465; expulsion of demons in Eastcrn, women by fruit-trees on, II9; Green 559-60; Midsummer fires in, 627, 656 ; George on, 126-8; cercmony to fertilise treatment of the effigy of Kupalo in, 652 ; the fields on, 137 story of the external soul in, 671; birth 5t. Gervais, spring of, '1'1 trees in, 682; fern-seed at Midsummer 5t. Hippolytus, 5 in, 704 St. ]ames, 50, SI INDEX 74S St. John, Midsummer festival of, in Samyas monastery, near Lhasa, 5'3 Sardinia, 343; Sweethearts of, 343; oi! San Pellegrina, church of, at Ancona, S85 of, found on oak 1eaves at l\{idsummer, Sanctity and unc1eanness not clearly 661-2, 706 differentiated in the primitive mind, 607 - the Baptist, bathing on bis day, 70; Sandwich Islands, the king persona ted tbe his chapel at Atbens, 545; associated god in the, 93, 94; precaution as 10 with Midsummer Day, 622 spittle of chiefs in the, 237 --, the Knights of, 630; Grand Master Saning Sari, rice goddess, .IS of the Ord er of, 631 . Sanitation improved through superstition, St. John's Day, swinging on, 289; Mid• 201 summer lires on, 624, 628; fem-seed Sankara and tbe Grand Lama, 189 blooms on, 704. See Midsummer Day Santals, their belief in the absence of the St. John's Eve, in Sweden, 122; Russian soul in dreams, 182 ceremony on, 318; in Malta, 631 Saparoea, East Indian island, lishermen's 5t. Joseph, ill-treated in drought, 75 magic in, 18 5t. Lawrence, lire of, 536 Sarawak, IS, 25, 89; taboos observed in, 5t. Louis, 90 24 5t. lI1ary, Isle of, 523 Sardines worshipped by Indians of Peru, 5t. MaughoId, gives veil to St. Bridget, 134 527 St. Michael, ill-treated in drought, 7S Sardinia, gardens of Adonis in, 3-43; 5t. Patrick, canon attributed to, 90 Sweethearts of St. John at IIlidsummcr 5t. Paul, on immortality, 398 in, 343-4; Midsummer lires in, 344 St. Peter, as giver of rain, 77 Sarmata Islands, marriage of the Sun and 5t. Peter's Day, 318, 360 Eartb in, 136 5t. Pons, his image used in rain-making, 77 Satan, annually expelled by tbe Wotyaks, St. Rochus's Day, need-fire kindled on, 641 559, and by tbe Cheremiss, 560; 5aint 5ecaire, lI1ass of, 54 preaches a sermon in North Berwick St. Stephen's Day, 537 church, 681 St. Sylvester's Day, 561 Satum, the god of sowing, 583; his festival St. Tec1a, falling sickness cured' in her the Satumalia, 584 church at Llandegla in Wales, 545 Satumalia, 136, 153, 553, 575; the Roman, St. Vitus's Day, 644 158, 583-7 Saints, violence done to images of, to Satyrs in relation to goats, 464 procure rain, 75; images of, dipped in 5avage, tbe, 47; his awe and dread of water as a rain-charm, 77 everything new, 225 ; our debt to, 262-4; Sakalavas of Madagascar, 172, 258, 295 not to be judged by European standards, ~akvari song, ancient Indian hymn, 67 294; not illogical, 517; his belief that Sal tree, 145 animals have souls, 518; unable to dis• Salish or Flathead Indians, 187, 486 criminate clearly between men and Salmon, twins tbougbt to be, 66; cere- animals, 532; secretiveness of, 691; monies at catcbing tbe first of tbe his dread of sorcery, 691 season, 528 Savage Island, kings killed on account of Salmoncus, king of EHs, 77, 149, 159, 292 dearth in, 87; cessation of monarchy Salt, abstinence from, 23, 138; not to be in, 176 eaten, 2 I 8, 510, 595, 602; Mexican Savage philosopby, 263 Goddess of, 588 Saxo Grammaticus, 33, 155 Salt-pans, continence observed by workers Saxans of Transylvania, 238, 239, 306, 312, in, 219 316, 45 6, 530, 672 Salvation of thc individual soul, importance Saxony, May or Wbitsuntide trees in, 123 ; attached to, in Orient al religions, 357 Whitsuntide mummers in, 298, 300; Samarcand, homoeopathic magic applied .. carrying out Death" in, 309; Oat5 to babics in, 32; Ncw Year ceremony in, bride and bridegroom in, 409; fires to 285 burn the witches in, 622, Samaveda, the, 67 Scandinavia, femalc descent of the king• Samhllagan, Hallowc'cn bonfires, 635 sbip in, 155 Samoa, rain-making in, 75; taOOo on Scandinavian custom of the Yule Boar, 461 persans who have handled the dead in, Scapegoat, J ewish use of, 569; a material 206; butterfly god in, 474; the Wild vehiclc for expul,ion of evils, 575 Pigcon family in, 474 Scapegoats, animals as, 540, 565, 568; Samorin, title of thc kings of Calicut, 275 birds as, 541; public, 562-77; divine Samoyed shamans, their familiar spirits, animals as, 570, 576; divine men as, 6tl3 571, 576; in general, 574 Samoycd, of SilJeria, 252 --, human, 542, 565, 569; in classical SampsoD, Agncs, a Scotch witch, 5.2 aJ.Itiquity, 577-87 INDEX

Scheube, Dr. B., ~07 Set, or Typhon, brother of Osiris, 363, 36S. Schleswig, eustom at tbresblng in, Hl 475 Schrenck, L. von, ~II Seven, the number in magical ceremonies, Schuyler, E., 543 ete., 242, 280, 417, 610, 631 Science, and magie, 48, 711; and religion, Sex totems, 687-8 712 Sexes, of plants, recognised by some Scorpion's bite, pain transferred to an ass, savages and by the ancients, 114; SH influenee of the, on vegetation, 135·9; Scorpions, Isis and tbe, 364 danger apprehended from the relation Scotland, magical images in, 56; witebes of the, 700 raise wind in, 80; iron as a safeguard Sexual intercourse praetised to make the against fairies In, 226; witeb bumt in, crops and fruit grow, 135-6 243; barvest eustoms in, 341, 4°3, 406-8, Seyf el-Mulook and the jinnee, story of, 674 452; names given to last com eut in, Shadow, the soul identified with the, 189- 4°3, 409, 48o; saying as to tbe wren in, 192 536; witebcraft in, 542; worsbip of Shadows, of people drawn out by ghosts, Grannus in, 611; BeHane fires in, 617· 190; animals injured through their, 190 ; 620; few traces of Midsummer fires in, of certain persons dangerous, 190, 207; 631; Hallowe'en fires In, 635; need-fire of people built into foundations of in, 639-41. See also Highlands edifiees, 191 Scouvion, or Escouflion, in Belgium, 610 Shakespeare on death at ebb tide, 35 Serofula, 90, 203, 204 Shamans, 88, 683 Scylla, daugbter of Nisus, 670 Shanghai, geomaney at, 36 , the, 87 Shans of Burma, 77 Sea Dyaks, 25, 239, 249, 531 Sheba or Sabaea, kings of, 200 Sea-god, buman sacrifice to, 579 Sheep, tom by wolf in homoeopathie magie, Seals, care taken of tbe bladders and bones 32; used in purifieatory eeremony, 214 ; of, 526 black, sacrifieed for rain, 72 Sealskins in sympatby witb the tides, 35 Shell, caIIed the .. old man," 33 Seasons, magieal and religious theories of Shenty, Egyptian eow·goddess, 375 the, 324 Shetland, witches in, 81 Seb (Keb or Geb), Egyptian earth-god, Shilluk, the, 266, 294-; their Jüngs, 295 father of Osiris, 362 Shoes, of priestess, 174; of boar's skin Secretiveness of the savage, 691 wom by king at inauguration, 594 Sedna, Esquimau goddess, 552 Shooting star, superstition as to, 279 Seed-com, 420, 452, 461, 463, 469, 470, Shrove Tuesday, eustoms on, 134-,302, 3005, 666; ·riee, 284; .time, annual expulsion 317, 461, 614, 651, 656 of demons at, 557 Shrovetide customs, 298; Bear, 306 Segera, a sago magician of Kiwai, 379 Shuswap Indians, 66, 190, 207 Seker (Sokari), titIe of Osiris, 375 Siam, kings of, 99, 224, 257, 593; objeetion Selangor, riee-crop supposed to depend on to the king's image on coins in, 193; tbe distriet officer of, 89; durian-trees mode of exeeuting royal eriminals in, threatened in, II3 228; belief that a guardian spirit dweils Seligman, Dr. C. G., 266, 270 in the head in, 230; eeremony at eutting Semeie, mother of Dionysus, 265, 389 a ehild's hair in, 235; temporary kings Seminole Indians of Florida, 486, 520 in, 284,289; annualexpulsionofdemons Semites, the, 293 in, 559; human seapegoat in, 570 Semitic Baal, 281; kings as hercditary Siamese monks, II2; story of the extern al deities, 333 j personal names, indicating soul, 669 relationship to a deity, 333 j worship of Siaoo, belief as to sylvan spirits in, n6 Adonis, 325 Sibcria, bear-festival in, 510; sable• Senal Indians of Califomia, 707 hunters in, 525; external souls 01 Sencis of Peru, the, 78 shamans in, 683 Senegambia, Python clan in, 5°2; thc Sibyl, the, and thc Golden Bough, 3 mistletoe in, 660 Sibylline Books, the, 348 Serbia, rain-making ceremony in, 69; Sicily, attempts to compel the saints to Midsummer fires in, 627; the Yule log give rain in, 74, 75; gardens of Adonis in, 638; need-fire in, 640 in, 344; Good Friday ceremonies in, Serbian women's ebarm to hoodwink their 345; Midsummer fires in, 631 husbands, 32 Siekness, homoeopathic magie for the eure Serpents, in magie, 32; ceremonies of, 15; explained hy thc absence of the observed after killing, 222; killing the soul, 183; aseribcd to possession by sacred, 501; bumt alive, 655, 658 demons and cured by exorcism, 196, Servius Tullius, Roman !ring, 152 547; eured or preventcd by effigics, 492 ; INDEX 747

transferred to things, 539, or people, 540, Slave Coast of West Africa, negroes of the, 544, or animals, 540, 544; bonfires a 116; exorcism of demons from children protection against, 610 on the, 196, 226; precautions as to the Sicknesses expelled in a ship, 563 spittle of kings on the, 237 Sierra Leone, 174; custom of beating a Slaves, license granted to, at the Satur• king on the eve of bis coronation in, nalia, 158, 583 176 Slavonia, harvest customs in, 404 j the 5ieve, water poured through, as a rain• Com-spirit in, 448; custom of" carrying charm, 71 out Death" in, 578; the Yule log in, Sikkim, fear of the camera in, 193 638; need-fire in, 641; stories of the Si1enuses, minor deities associated with external soul in, 671 Dionysus, 464 Slavonians, Soutb, 30, 32, 114t 119, 649· Silesia, Whitsuntide King in, 129: Whit• 5u also Slavs suntide customs in, 132; .. carrying out Slavs, 110, 161, 278, 302, 400, 649, 665; Death" in, 309-11, 314, 614: bringing of Carinthia, 126; Sonth, 44, 636 in Summer, 311; the Grandmother at Sleep, charms to cause, 30 j absence of tbe harvest in, 401; names given to last soul in, 181-2; forbidden in bouse after sheaf in, 402; tbe Wheat Bridc at a death, 182 j siek people not allowed harvest in, 409: harvest customs in, to, 193 428, 449, 451, 453, 457; expulsion of Slovenes, 128; of Oberkrain, 134 witehes and evil spirits in, 560, 561: Smallpox, 493; demon of, transferred to need-fire in, 640 a SOW, 540; blood of monkey used to Silk-cotton trees reverenced, 112 exorcise tbe devil of, .549; ftigbt from Silkworms, taboos observed by breeders of, the evil spirit of, 550; demon of, ex• 218 pelled by means of an image, 563; , the Roman wood-god, 140, 141 expelled In a baat, 564 Silvii, family name of kings of Alba, 149, Smith's craft sacred, 86 163 Smoke, in rain-making, 73; of cedar inbaled Simeon, prince of Bulgaria, 680 as means of Inspiration, 95; of banfires, Similarity in magie, law of, II 612, 622, 645; of need-fire, 640: used Singarmati Deva, Indian goddess, 218 to stnpefy witches in tbe elouds, 650 Singhalese, the, 226 . Smoking as a means of inducing astate of Sins, confession of, 198, 217, 540, 541-2. ecstasy, 484; in bonour of slain bears, 522 553, 569; tbe remission of, tbrougb tbe Snail supposed to suck blood of cattle, 190 shedding of blood, 356; transferred to a Snake, used in rain-charm, 72; respected buffalo ca1f, 54I; transferred vieariously by Indians of Carolina, SI9; worshipped, to human beings, 542; of the Children 535; said to wound a girl at pUberty, of Israel transferred to ·scapegoat, 569 601; seven-beaded, external soul of Sioux Indians, 497 witch in a, 676 Sirius, the Dog-star, 370, 384 Snake-bite, charm against, 32; clan, Sisters, taboos observed by, 23, 25 exposed infants to snakes, 502; -god, 5itua, annnal festival of the Incas, 5S3 married to women, 145; -stone, 34; Siva and PärvaU, marriage of tbe images tribe, in the Punjaub, 535 of, 320 Snipe, fever transferred to a, 545 Skeat, W. W., 417 Snorri Sturluson, 379 Skeleton drenebed with water as a rain• Sockit or Sockel, epithet of Isis, 383 charm, 71 5ociety, uniformity of occupation in primi- Skin disease caused by eating a saered tive, 61; ancient, built on the principle animal,473 of subordination of the individual to the Skins of sacrificed animals, uses made of, community, 357 466, 477, 499-501, 529; of human Sofala, kings of, put to death, 272 victims, 591 Sogamosa or Sogamoza, the pontiff of, 104 ; 5kipping-rope played at bear - festival, heir to tbe throne not allowed to see the 512 sun, 595 Skulls, of head-hunters' victims preserved Sokari (Seker), a title of Osiris, 375 as relics, 433; of bears and foxes Solar theory of the nres of the fire-festivals, worshipped and consulted as oraeles, 642, 643 505; of turtles propitiated, 526 Solomon Islands, the, disposal of cut hair Sky, twins called cbildren of the, 67; in, 235; ceremony for getting rid of observation of tbe, for omens, 279 fatigue in, 540 Skye, last sheaf called the Cripple Goat in, Solstice, the summer, its importflnce 455 j the need-fire in, 618 for primitive man, 622; the wintet, Slave, charm to bring back a runaway, 31 reckoned by the ancients the NativitJ' Slave priest at Nemi, 3 of the Sun, 358 INDEX

Solstitial lires perhaps rain-charms, 706 Spelt-goat, last sheaf ealled tbe, 456 Son ~f God, alleged incarnation of tbe, in Spiees used in exorcism of demons, 196 America, 102; of the king, sacrifieed for Spiders in homoeopathie magie, 31; eere- his faUler, 289 mony at killing, 524 Songs of tbe corn-reapers, 424 Spin dIes not to be earried openlyon the Sopater aeeused of binding the winds, 81 highroads, 20; not to be twirled while Soreerers, 84, 233, 235, 236; souls ex- men are in eouncil, 20 tracted or detained by, 187, 188; in• Spinning forbidden to women undcr certain fiuence wielded by, 196; injure men circumstances, 20 through tbeir names, 245; exorcise Spirit, Brethren and Sisters of the Free, demons,548 101; of vegctation, see Vegetation; Sorcery, tbe dread of, 233, 691; protec- the Great, of Ameriean Indians, 264 tions against, 621, 629, 663 Spirits, in trees, II2; water, 145; averse Sorrowful One, vaults of the, 371 to iron, 225; evil, fear of attracting tbe Sothis, Egyptian name for Sirius, 370 attention of, 248; distinguished from Soul,. the perils of the, 178; as a manuikin, gods, 4 II; of tbe woods, 465; retreat 178; absence and recall of the, 180; as of tbe army of, 546 a shadow and a refiection, 189-92; in Spitting, forbidden, 218; upon knots as tbe blood, 228, 230; identified witb the acharm, 241; at eeremony of expulsion personal name, 244; of man-god, 265 ; of evils, 568 suecession to tbe, 293-5 ; of tbe rice, 413, Spittle, uscd in magie, 13, 233, 234, 237; 415; thought to be seated in the liver, tabooed, 237; uscd in making a cove• 497; the notion of a, 690; the unity nant, 237; magieal virtue of, 435, 437 and indivisibility of tbe, 690. See also Sprenger, the inquisitor, 681 Souls Spring, magieal ceremonies for the revival --, the external, in folk-tales, 667-78; of nature in, 320; eeremony at the in inanimate things, 679; in plants, 681 ; beginning of, in China, 468 in animals, 683; kept in totem, 690 Spring eustoms and harvest eustoms eom- Soul-boxes, amulets as, 679-80; -stone, pared, 410 680 Spring, oraeular, at Dodona, 147 Souls, of tbe dead in trces, II 5; every Springbok, not eaten by Busbmen, -495 man thought to have four, 179; light Squirrcls bumt in Easter bonfires, 616, 656 and heavy, thin and fat, 179; trans• Stabbing men's shadows in order to injure ference of, 184, 185; abducted by the men, 189 demons, 186; cxtracted or detained by Standing on one foot, custom of, 284, 285. sorcerers, 187-8; supposed to be in 288 portraits, 193; of slain enemies pro• Star, falling, in magie, 17; tbe Evening, in pitiated, 213; of beasts respected, 223 ; Keats's last sonnet, 34; of Salvation, of the dead transmitted to successors, 346; of Bethlebem, 347; the 1I10rning, 294; immortal, attributed to animals, 432 518; the plurality of, 690 Stars, shooting, superstitions as to, 279 South Sea Islands, human gods in the, 96 Stella Maris, an epithet of the Virgin Mary. Sow, com-spirit as, 460; the cropped 383 black, at Hallowe'en, 636 Stepping over persons forbiddcn, 2 II ; Sowing, homoeopathic magie at, 28; over dead panther, 221 sexual intercourse before, 136; con• Stern berg, Leo, 513, 517 tinence at, 138; rites of, in Egypt, 371 ; Sticks, cbarrcd, us('s of, 614, 616, 624, 626 ; and ploughing, eeremony of, in the rites of and stones, evils transferred to, 540; Osiris, 375 ; expulsion of demons at, 575 whittled, 508, 5 I 2 Spain, belief as to death at ebb tide in, 35 ; Stiens of Cambodia, tbe, 524 Midsummer lires in, 631 Stinging with ants as a form of purifieation, Spark Sunday in Switzerland, 613 601 Sparrows, charm to keep them from the Stone, used in ceremony to facilitate ehild• com, 530 birth, 14; supposed to eure jaundiee, Sparta, state saerifices at, 9; sacrifiees to 16; treading on a, as a homoeopathic the sun at, 79; king not to be touehed, charm, 33; (lapis tIIanalis) used in rain• 224; warned by orade against a lame making at Rome, n-8; holed, in magie, reign, 273; octennial tenure of kingship to make sunshine, 78; external soul in at, 279 a, 680; magical, put into body of noviee Spears, saered, 35 I, 571 at initiation, 699 Speke, Captain J. H., 196 Stone-throwing as a fertility charm, 7 i Speils, cast by strangers, 197; at hair• -eurlew as a cure for jaundice, 16 cutting, 233; cast by witehes on union Stones anointed in order to avert bullets oi man and wife, 650 from warriors, 26; homoeopathic magie INDEX 749 of, 33; preeiolls, magical qllalities of, persons, 169, 170; represented as a 34; rain-making by means of, 75, 85; man witb a bull's hcad, 281; Adonis as In charms to make the sun shine, 78; the, 337; Nativity of the, 358; tbe In wind charms, 80; ghosts in, 190; Unconquered, Mitbra identified with, sacred, 235; in last sheaf, 402, 4°3; 358; Osiris as tbe, 384; first-fruits criminal crushecl between, 431; fatigue offered to the, 431; ceremony at the re• transferrcd to, 540 appearance of the, in the Aretie regions, Stoning human scapegoats, 579 551; hearts of human vietirns offcred to Storms, Catholie priests thought to possess thc, 589; rule not to see the, 595; not the power of avcrting, 53; caused by to shine on girls at puberty, 596-600, cutting or combing the hair, 234 602; symbolised by a wheel, 644; fern• Stow, in Suffolk, witch at, H secd procured by shooting at the, 705; Strangers, taboos on interCOllrse witb, 194 ; the ultimate cooling of the, 713 suspected of practising magie arts, 194 ; Sun-god, the, 73, 105; -goddess, 168 c:eremonies at reception of, 195; slain Sundanese, 30 as representatives of the com-spirit, 426 ; Sunflower roots, ceremony at eating, 487 regarded as representatives of tbe com• Sunshine, use of fire as acharm to produce, spirit, 429, 431, 439 647-8 Straw, wrapt round fruit-trees as a pro• Surinam, the Bush negroes of, 166, 473 teetion against eviI spirits, 561; tied Swabia, the Harvest-May in, u8; May• lound trees to make them fruitful, 612 trees in, 123; disposal of cut hair in, Straw-bllll at harvest, 457; -goat, 456 235; Whitsuntide mummers in, 297; Strength of people bound up with their Shrovetide or Lenten ceremonies in, 307 ; hair, 68o the Old Woman at harvest in, 402; Strings, knotted, as amulets, 243 harvest eustoms in, 454, 457, 458, 46o; Strudeli and Strätelli, female spirits of the Lenten fires in, 612; Easter fires in, 617 ; wood,561 Midsummer fires in, 624; .. fire of Stseelis Indians of British Columbia, 605 hea yen " in, 644 Stubbes, Phillip, bis Anatomie 0/ Abltses, Swallows as seapegoats, 541 123 Swami Bhaskaranandaji Saraswati, 100 Stubble-cock, name of barvest supper, 451 Swan-woman, Tartar story of the, 676 Styx, passage of Aeneas across the, 707 Swazieland, knots as charms in, 242 Substitutes, put to death instead of kings, Swearing on stones, 33 278, 2R2, 289; temporary, for the Shah Sweat, contagious magie of, 43 of Persia, 289; for human sacrifices, 354 Sweating as a purification, 207 Substitution for human victims, of animal., Sweden, sacred grove in, UO; peasants 292, 392, 436; of rice-cakes, 490; of stick leafy branches in comfields in, u8; effigies, 491 guardian trees in, 120; birch twigs on Sutfocation as a mode of executing royal the eve of May Day in, 122; bonfires criminals, 228 and May-poles at Midsummer in, 122; Sulka, tbe, of New Britain, 64, 76, 247 Midsummer Bride and Bridegroom in, Sulla at the temple of Diana, 164 133; Frey and his priestess in, 143; .. Sultan of the Scribes," at Fez, 286 dramatic contest between Summer and Sumatra, magieal image to ob ta in offspring Winter on lIIay Day in, 316; harvest in, 14; pregnant woman not to stand customs in, 406; custom at threshing in, at the door in, 21; homoeopathic magie 431; Yule Boar in, 461; Christmas at sowing rice in, 28; rain-charm by custom In, 462; Easter bonfires in, 617 ; means of a blaek cat in, 72; personifica• JI1ay Day bonfires in, 621, 645: ?lid• tion of the riee in, 415; tigers respected summer fires in, 625; the need-fire in, in, 519; human scapegoat in, 570 641 ; the mistletoe in, 661,663; Balder's Summer, bringing in the, 3II-16; and balefires in, 664; superstitions about a Winter, battle of, 316-17 parasitic rowan in, 702; the divining Summer-trees, 311, 314 rod in, 705 Sun, prayers offered to the, 14, 26, 78; Swedish kings, traces of nine years' reign magical control of tbe, 78-80; cere• of, 278 monies at eclipses of the, 78; aneient .. Sweethearts of St. John," 343, 344 Egyptian ceremony for the regulation Swinc's flesh, sacramentally eaten, 470, of the, 78; sacrifiees to the, 79; chief 472> not eaten by worsbippers of Attis, deity of the Rhodians, 79; supposed to 471 drive in a chariot, 79; caught by nei or Swineherds forbidden to enter Egyptiao string, 79; father of the Incas, 104; temples, 472 Parthian monarchs the brothers of the, Swinging, at ploughing rite in Siam, 104; and Earth, marriage of the, 136, 285, 288; to make tbe f1ax grow high, 145; not allowed to shine on sacred 2 89 INDEX

Switzcrland, harvest customs in, 455, 457, Tahiti, seclusion of women after child. 458; frishtcning ~way thc spirits of the birth in, 208: king and queen of, 22.1, wood in, 561; Lenten fires in, 613; the 593; sanctity of the head in, 231; need-fire in, 641, 645; the mistletoe in, names of kings not to be pronounecd in, 661, 662; fern-seed on St. ]ohn's Night 259 in, 705 Talismans possessed by the Fire King 01 Sword, a magical, 109 Cambodia, 108 Swords used to ward off or expel demons, Talmud, the, on menstruous women, 604 549, 55 1 Talos, legend of, 280 Sycamore at doors on May Day, 121; Tamarind tree, sacrcd, II8 effigy of Oslris placed on boughs of, 376 Tammuz, or Adonis, 325; the 101'er 01 Syleus, the legend of, 442 Ishtar, 325 ; laments for, 326; mourned Sylvan deities in classieal art, II7 for at ]erusalem, 327; as a corn-spirit, Sympathy, magieal, 38 338; his bones ground in a mill, 338, Syrians, their religious attitude to pigs, 471; 442; perhaps represented by the mock es teemed fish saered, 473 king of Sacaea, 442-3 Syria, 241; Adonis in, 327; preeaution Tana (Tanna), one of the New Hebrides, against eaterpillars in, 531 eontagious magic of clothes in, 43; Szis, the, of Upper Burmah, 418 magic praetised on refuse of food in, 201 Tapio, woodland god in Finland, 141 Ta-ta-thi tribe of New South Wales, 76 Tar barrel, burning, swung round pole at Tä-uz (Tammuz), 338 Midsummer, 625 Tabali, chief of, 237 Tara, capital of ancient Ireland, 173, 273 Taboo, or negative magie, 19-22, 29; of Tari Pennu, earth goddess, 434 chiefs and kings, 204; the meaning of, Taro plants beaten to make them grow, 581 223; coneeived as a dangerous physieal Tarquin the Eider, 152 substanee whieh needs to be insulated, -- the Proud, 150 594. See also Taboos Tartar Khan, eeremony at visiting a, 198 Taboo rajah and chief, 177-8 --stories of the external soul, 675, 676 Tabooed acts, 194-202; hands, 204-8, 210, Tartars, the Buddhist, 102 214, 233; persons, 202-23, 593-5: Tasmania, 252 things, 223-4: words, 244-62 Tatius, king of Rome, 152, 158 Taboos, on food, 21, 238: on parents of Tattoo marks of priests of Attis, 3S:Z twins, 66: royal and pricstly, 168-75: Tattooing in the Punjaub, 180 on intercourse with stransers, 194: on Taurie Diana, her image brought by eating and drinking, 198: on showing Orestes to Italy, 2; only to be appeased the face, 199: on quitting the house, with human blood, 6 200; on leaving food over, 200: on Taygetus, Mount, saerifi.ees to the SUIl on, chiefs and kings, 202; on mourners, 79 205; on wornen, 207; on warriors, 210 ; Taylor, Rev. ]. C., 570 on man-slaycrs, 212; on hunters and Teeth, contagious magie of, 38-39; of rats fishers, 216; as spiritual insulators, 223 ; and mice in magie, 39; of ancestor in on iron, 224; on sharp weapons, 226; magical ceremony, 78; of sacred kings on blood, 227; relating to the head, 230 ; preserved as amulets, 109;. 1055 of, on hair, 231; on spittle, 237; on knots supposed effect of breaking a tab00, and rings, 238; on words, 244; on 206; as a rain-charm, 234; extraeted, personal names, 244; on names of kept against the resurrection, 236 relations, 249; on names of the dead, Tegner, Swedish poet, 664 251; on names of kings and other saered Ttin-eigin, need-fi.re, in Seotland, 617, 618 persons, 257; on names of gods, 260; Telepathy, magical, 22, 24, 25 regulating the lives of divine kings, 593 Telugus, their way of stopping rain, 64 -- observed in fishing and hunting, 20 ; Temple at ]erusalem, built without iron, by ehildren in the absence of their 225 fathers, :U, 22, 26; by wives in the Temples built in honour of living kings 01 absence of their husbands, :U-5; by Babyion, and of Egypt, 104 sisters in the absence of their brothers, Tenedos, isle of, 29 1, 392 25; after house-building, 1I7; for the Tepehuanes of Mexico, 193 sake of the crops, 138; by the Mikado, Teton Indians, 524 169; by headrnen in Assam, 173; by Teutonic kings as priests, 9; stories of tht ancient kings of Ireland, 173; by the external soul, 672; thunder-god, 160 Hamen Dialis, 174; by the Bodia, 175 ; Tezcatlipoco, Mexiean god, 587 by sacred milkmen among the Todas, Thargelia, Greek festival of the, 579, 582 175; by priest of Eaxth In Southem Thebes, the Boeotian, gxave of Dionysus at NiBeria, 594 389 INDEX 751

Tbebes, In Egypt, 142, 174; Valley of the Tinneh or D~n6 Indians, 208; of Nortb- Kings at, 377; annual sacrifice of rarn west America, 486 to Ammon at, 477, 500 Titans kill Dionysus, 388 'lileddora tribe of South-east Australia,498 Tiyans of Malabar, 602 Theocracies in America, 170 Tlingit or Thlinkeet Indians, 234. 528, 600 Theogamy, divine marriage, 140 Tlokoala, a secret society 'of the Nootka Theology distinguished from religion, 50 Indians, 699 Theseus and Hippolytus, 4 Toads in relation to rain, 73 Thesmophoria, ancient Greek festival, 353, Tobacco, used as an emetic. 484-5 371, 389, 469, 470 Tobacco smoke, priest inspired by, 95 Thevet, F. A., 88 Toboongkoo, the, of Central Celebes, II6 Thieves' candIes, 30, 31, 56 Todas, a tribe of Southern India, 100, 17.5, Thlinkeet or Tlingit Indians, 234, 528, 600 534 Thompson Indians of British Columbia, 27, Togoland, expulsion of devils in, 555 45, 487, 708 Tolalaki, the, of Central Celebes, 498 Thonga, Bantu tribe of South Airica, 708 Tolampoos, the, of Central Celebes, 244 Thor, the Norse thunder-god, 160 Tomori, the, of Central Celebes, II6, 416 Thorn bushes to keep off ghosts, 207 Tonapoo, the, of Central Celebes, II7 Thorns, wreaths of, hung up as a sign to Tonga, chiefs touch thought to heal warn off strangers, 558 scrofula in, 90; veneration paid to Thoth, Egyptian god of wisdom, 362, 364 divine chiefs in, 177; kings of, 203, 231 ; Thrace, worship of Dionysus in, 386; thc tabooed persons not allowed to handle Bacchanals of, 390; human scapegoat food in, 206; ceremony performed after in, 579 contact with a sacred chief in, 473 Thracian gods ruddy and blue-eyed, 260 Tonquin, division of monarchy in, 177; Thread, use of, in magic, 181,242, 545 annual expulsion of demons in, 558 Thresher of the last corn, 400, 405.6, 448, Toothache, transferred to encmies, 539; 456, 458, 460 remcdy for, 544 Thresher-cow, in the Canton of Zurich, 458 Toradjas of Central Celebes, 18, 21, 68, 71, Threshing, customs at, 400, 405, 418, 428-9, 75, II7, 197, 232, 416, 581 431,448,449,451,453,456,458,460 Torches, offered by wornen to Diana, 3; Threshing-dog, 448 used to mimie lightning, 77; used in Thrumalun, mythical being in Australia, expulsion of demons, 548, 550, 554, 555, 693 557, 560, 562; in expulsion of witches, Thunar or Donar, German thunder-gou, 560, 561; processions with lighted, 610, 160 6n, 647; carried round folds, 631; Thunder, imitation of, 63; kings expeetcd applied to fruit trees to fertilise them, 647 to make, 149; expiation for hearing, Torres Straits Islands, 604; magie in the, 174; Midsummer fires a protection 18; personal names taboocd in, 250; against, 627, 629 seclusion of girls at pUberty in, 598 Thunder-beings, 524; -besom, 662, 709; Tortoises in magie, 36; reasons for not -bird, the mythical, 599; -god, 161 eating, 495 Thundcrbolt, Zeus surnamed the, 159 Totem, skin disease supposed to be caused Thuremlin, a mythical being, 692 by eating, 473; supposed effect of kill• Thüringen, homoeopathic magie at sowing ing, 689; reeeptacle for a man's extelnal fiax in, 28; May King in, 129; Whit• soul, 690; transference of soul to, 692,7°0 suntide mummers in, 298, 300; carrying Totem animal, artificial, 699; clans, 17, out Death in, 308; customs at threshing 504, 7°0 in, 405, 458; the Harvest-cock in, 451 ; Totemism, in Australia and Amcrica, 533; .. the Boar in the corn .. in, 46o; Mid• suggested theory of, 689 summer fires in, 656 Totems, magica1 ccrcmonics for the Tiber, puppets thrown into the, 493 multiplication of the, I7, 85-6 Tibet, the Grand Lamas 01, 102; illcarnatc Toumbuluh tribe of North Celebes, 239, 240 human gods in, 103; vicarious IIse of TmlcaU, old Mcxican festival, 587 images in, 492; human scapcgoats in, 572 Transmigration of human souls, into Tibetan new year, 572 turUes, 504; into bcars, 5II; into Tides, homoeopathic magic of the, 34, 35 totcm animals, 69 I Tigers, respected in Sumatra, 519 Transubstantiation, 490 Timmes, the, of Sierra Leone, 176 Transylvania, rain-making in, 71; festival Timor, island 01, telepathy in, 26; fetish of Green George in, 126; continence at or taboo rajah in, 177; war customs in, sowing in, 138; saying as to sleeping 212; transfcrcnce of fatigue to lcaves in, chilu in, 182; harvest customs in, 451, 54 0 452, 456; cllstoms at sowing in, SP; Timorlaut lslands, 526, 564 story of the extern al soul in, 672 INDEX

Transylvania, the Germans of, 239; the Tuhoe tribe of Maoris, II9 Roumanians of, 191, 227, 341; the Tullus Hostilius, king of Rome, 141, 158 Saxons of, 238, 306, 31:2, 316, 456, 530, Tumleo, island of, 43 672 Tlloa, a spirit, expulsion of, 551 Travancore, the Rajah of, 543 Turcoman eure for fever, 242 Teee, that has been struck by lightning, 80, Turkestan, human seapegoat in, 543 708; deeked with sham bracelets, ete., Turks, exoreism praetised by tbc, 195; 342; burnt in thc Midsummer bonfire, preserve their nail-parings for use at the 626, 628; external soul in a, 670, 680. resurreetion, 236; of Central Asia, 496 See also Trees Turmeric cultivated, 434, 437 Tree-agates, 34 Turners pieture of the Golden Dough, I - -spirit, represented simuItaneously in .. Turquoise, Mistress of," at Siuai, 330 vegetable and human form, 125; re• Turtle, magical models of, 18 presentative of, thrown into water to Turtles, killing the saered, 502; trans• ensure rain, 126; killing of the, 296- migration of human souls into, 504 323; resurreetion of the, 300; in rela• Twanyirika, an Australian spirit, 693 tion to thc vegetation-spirit, 315-16; Twelfth Day, ceremony of the King at Attis as a, 352; Osiris as a, 380; effigies CarcassOne OD, 537; the Eve of, 561, of, burnt in bonfires, 651 ; human repre• 609,647 sentatives of, put to death, 652, 665 -- Nigbt, expulsion of the powers of evil ---spirits, 109-17; benefi~ent powers on, 561; the King of the Bean on, 586 ; of, 117-20, 651 i in human form or the Yule log on, 637 embodicd in living people, 125 Twelve Days from Christmas to Twelfth ---worship, 109; among the ancient Night, precautions against witehcs Gcrmans, 110; among European families during the, 56I; Nic;hts, remains of of the Aryan stock, IlO; among the Yule log scattered over thc fields during Lithuanians, IlO i in ancient Grecce and the, 637 Italy, lU; among thc Finnish-Ugrian Twins, 29, 227; taboos laid on parents of, stock in Europe, I JI; notions at the 66; supposed to possess magical powers, IOOt of, 111; in modem Europe, relies 66-7; assoeiated with salmon, and the of, 120-35 grizzly bear, 66; ealled ehildren of the Teees, worship of, 109; oracular, uo; sl

cause haD and thunderstorms, 6~9 j Würtemberg, bU5bes set up on Palm buming missiles throWD at, 649 j brought Sunday in, 125; the thresber of tbe last down from the clouds by shots and com at Tettnang in, 456; effigy 01. goal smoke, 649-50 j thought to keep their at Ellwangen in, 456; leaf-clad mummer strength in their hair, 680-81; tortured at Midsummer in, 653 in India, 68I; animal fmniliars of, Wurunjeri tribe of Victoria,183 684 Witchetty grubs, 17 Xerxes in Thessaly, 290 Wives, tahoos observed by, :n-S Xnurnayo tribe of Zulus, 257 Wizards, 43; Finnish, 81; eapture human souls, 187, 188 j thougbt to keep their Yabim tribe of New Guinea, 213, 597, 694 strength in their hair, 680-8I; animal Yakut shamans and their extemal souls, familiars of, 683, 684 683 Wolf, track of, in contagious magie, 44; Yakuts,80 ~om-spirit as, H8; last shl'af at harvest Yams, feast of, 200; ceremony at eating ealled, 449, 450; beast-god of Lycopolis the new, 483 in Egypt, 500 j ceremonies at killing a, Yap, one of the Caroline Islands, 598 520, 52I; the Green, 628, 652, 664 Yarilo, the, funeral of, celebrated in Russia, ·Wolf soeiety among the Nootka Indians, 318 rite of initiation into, 699 Year, the fixed Alexandrian, 373; the Women, taboos observed by, 20, 25, 26; Caffre, 483; tbe Egyptian, a vague year, dances of, 26-8, 64; employed to sow 368; the old Roman, 577; the Slavonic, fields on the prineiple of homoeopathic 577 magie, 28; plough as a rain-charm, 70 ; Years, cycle of eight, in ancient Greece, worshipped by aneient Germans, 97; 279; the King 01 the, in Tibet, 573, 574 married to gods, I42-5; tabooed at Yellow colour in magie, 15 menstruation and childbirth, 207-10, Yezo or Yesso, ]apanese island, the Ainos 603; not allowed to mention husbands' of, 505, 507 names, 249 j infiuence of corn-spirit on, Ynglingar family, 155 410; thought to have no soul, 497; Yorkshire, .. buming the Old Witeh" in, ceremorues performed by, to rid tields 429; elergyman cuts the tirst com in, of vermin, 531; p,ut to death in the 481 character of goddesses in Mexico, 589; Yorubas of West Africa, 23°,256,273,570 irnpregnated by the sun, 603; dread of Youths and maidens, tribute of, sent to menstruous, 603 Minos, 280 --, barren. charms to procure ofIspring. Yuin tribe of New South Wales. 191 '4; sterilising influence ascribed to. 29. Yuki Indians of California. 27 137; thought to conceive through eating Yukou River, the Lew!:r, the Esquimaux nuts of a palrn-trec, II9; fertiliscd by 01, 193 trees, II9, 120; thought to bligbt tbc Yule Boar, 461-2, 478; log, G36-8, 641, fruits of tbe eartb, 137; fcrtilised by 643, 646 bcing struck witb a certain stick, 581 Yuracares of Eastem Bolivia, 601 --, pregIlant, forbidden to spin or twist ropes, 21; not to loiter in the doorways Zafimanelo. the, 01 Madagascar, 198 whcrc there are, 22; emplovccl to Zagmuk, Babylouian festival. 281 fertilise crops and truit-trecs, 28 Zagreus. a form of Dionysus, 388 Wonghi teibe of Ncw South Wales, 692 Zaparo Indians of Ecuauor, 495 Wood, King of the, at Nemi, I, 3, 8, 106, Zapotecs of Centra.I America, 687; the 140, 147, 163, 164, 167, 269, 296, 3°°, pontiff of the, 170, 593. 595 301 , 586, 593. 703. 710 Za,a-mama, Maize Mather, 413 Wood-spirits in goat form, 465 Zemis 01 Assam. 248 Woodmen. ccrcmonies observed by, at Zeus, rain made uy, 71; the priest of, felling trees, II2, II3 makes. rain by an oak ·brauch, 77; Words. tabooed, 244-62; savages take a mimicked by King Salmoneus, 77; materialistic vicw of, 2-l7 malTiage with Demeter at Ekusis. 142 ; World. as regardcd by carly man, 91 and Hera, 1-l3. 159; and Dionc, 151. Wotjobaluk teibe in Victoria, 43, 687 165; as god of tbe oak, thc rain, ami Wotyaks, the. of Russia, 143. 559 the thunder, 159; his oracular oak at Wound and weapon, contagious magic of, Dodona, 159; prayed to for rain, 159; 41-3 Greck kings callcd, 159; surnamcu W,ach (Hag), name given to last corn cut Thundcrbolt, 159; bis resemblance to in Wales, 403, 404 Donar, Thor, Peruu, and Pcrkunas. Wren, hunting tbe, 536-7 I60-61; tbe grave of, 265; bis oraeular Wünsch, R., 344 cave on Mount Ida, 280; his intriguc 756 INDEX with Persephone, 388; said to have Zailns, priest of Dionysus at Orchomenus. transferred the sceptre to young 29 1 Dionysns, 388; father of Dionysus by Zulu language, its diversity, 258 Demeter, 389; his appearance to Zululand, rain-making by means of a Hercules in the shape of a ram, 500; .. heaven-bird .. In, 75; children buried and Danae, 602 to the neck as a rain-charm in, 75; Zeus, the Descender, places struck by names of chiefs and kings tabooed in, lightning consecrated to, 159; Heavenly, 257; kings put to death in, 272; festival at Sparta, 9; Lacedaemon, at Sparta, 9 ; of first-fruits in, 483; seclusion of girls Laphystian, 290-92; Lightning, sacri• at puberty in, 595; gardens fumigated ficial hearth of, 159; Polieus in Cos, 466 with medicated smoke in, 645 Zimbas, or Muzimbas, of South-east Africa, Zulus, 192, 495, 498 97 Zuni Indians of New Mexico, 502, 504. Zoganes, temporary king at Babyion, put 571 to death after a reign of five days, 283 lytniamatka, the Com-motber, 42I

THE END