Abbas the Great, Shah of Persia, 289 Abbot of Unreason, 586 Abchases
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Roman Southwark's Ritual Landscape
Roman Southwark’s Ritual Landscape; a study of sacred places in a Roman urban environment Victoria Ridgeway (Pre-Construct Archaeology; Newcastle University) This paper presents a brief introduction to the long history of religious practices and sacred places across Southwark in the first four centuries AD. It is based on data from various published by Pre- Construct Archaeology and research for an MLitt dissertation on the subject at Newcastle University, which involved an examination of published and archive material from across the borough. As this represents almost four centuries of activity across a broad area, this short paper is limited to consideration of some highlights and of the relationship between Southwark and the landscape. Geographically, this study is limited to the northern part of the modern borough, from about Harper Road northwards. Buried deep beneath alluvial clays, the shape of Roman Southwark was very different from what we see today. Around AD50, Southwark was a low-lying expanse of sandy riverine islands, or eyots, interspersed with braided channels; a shifting landscape with extensive mudflats inundated at high tide (Figure 1). Here two eyots, (most commonly termed the north and south islands) form elements of a landbridge over the Thames, heading towards the main settlement of Londinium on the north bank. Figure 1 Southwark’s island topography c.AD50, showing key sites mentioned in the text The role of water is crucial to an understanding of ancient Southwark; its peculiar situation, indeed its very existence, was defined by and arguably dependent on water. The city was situated not only at a convenient crossing point of the Thames (Watson et al. -
Ritual Details of the Irish Horse Sacrifice in Betha Mholaise Daiminse
Ritual Details of the Irish Horse Sacrifice in Betha Mholaise Daiminse David Fickett-Wilbar Durham, New Hampshire [email protected] The kingly inauguration ritual described by Gerald of Wales has often been compared with horse sacrifice rituals in other Indo-European traditions, in particular the Roman October Equus and the Vedic aßvamedha. Among the doubts expressed about the Irish account is that it is the only text that describes the ritual. I will argue, however, that a similar ritual is found in another text, the Irish Life of St. Molaise of Devenish (Betha Mholaise Daiminise), not only confirming the accuracy of much of Gerald’s account, but providing additional details. Gerald of Wales’ (Gerald Cambrensis’) description of “a new and outlandish way of confirming kingship and dominion” in Ireland is justly famous among Celticists and Indo-European comparativists. It purports to give us a description of what can only be a pagan ritual, accounts of which from Ireland are in short supply, surviving into 12th century Ireland. He writes: Est igitur in boreali et ulteriori Uitoniae parte, scilicet apud Kenelcunnil, gens quaedam, quae barbaro nimis et abominabili ritu sic sibi regem creare solet. Collecto in unum universo terrae illius populo, in medium producitur jumentum candidum. Ad quod sublimandus ille non in principem sed in beluam, non in regem sed exlegem, coram omnibus bestialiter accedens, non minus impudenter quam imprudenter se quoque bestiam profitetur. Et statim jumento interfecto, et frustatim in aqua decocto, in eadam aqua balneum ei paratur. Cui insidens, de carnibus illis sibi allatis, circumstante populo suo et convescente, comedit ipse. -
The Argei: Sex, War, and Crucifixion in Rome
THE ARGEI: SEX, WAR, AND CRUCIFIXION IN ROME AND THE ANCIENT NEAR EAST Kristan Foust Ewin, B.A. Thesis Prepared for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS May 2012 APPROVED: Christopher J. Fuhrmann, Major Professor Ken Johnson, Committee Member Walt Roberts, Committee Member Richard B. McCaslin, Chair of the Department of History James D. Meernik, Acting Dean of the Toulouse Graduate School Ewin, Kristan Foust. The Argei: Sex, War, and Crucifixion in Rome and the Ancient Near East. Master of Arts (History), May 2012, 119 pp., 2 tables, 18 illustrations, bibliography, 150 titles. The purpose of the Roman Argei ceremony, during which the Vestal Virgins harvested made and paraded rush puppets only to throw them into the Tiber, is widely debated. Modern historians supply three main reasons for the purpose of the Argei: an agrarian act, a scapegoat, and finally as an offering averting deceased spirits or Lares. I suggest that the ceremony also related to war and the spectacle of displaying war casualties. I compare the ancient Near East and Rome and connect the element of war and husbandry and claim that the Argei paralleled the sacred marriage. In addition to an agricultural and purification rite, these rituals may have served as sympathetic magic for pre- and inter-war periods. As of yet, no author has proposed the Argei as a ceremony related to war. By looking at the Argei holistically I open the door for a new direction of inquiry on the Argei ceremony, fertility cults in the Near East and in Rome, and on the execution of war criminals. -
SLC/LAT/HST 394 Roman Religion
Arizona State University Criteria Checklist for HUMANITIES, FINE ARTS AND DESIGN [HU] Rationale and Objectives The humanities disciplines are concerned with questions of human existence and meaning, the nature of thinking and knowing, with moral and aesthetic experience. The humanities develop values of all kinds by making the human mind more supple, critical, and expansive. They are concerned with the study of the textual and artistic traditions of diverse cultures, including traditions in literature, philosophy, religion, ethics, history, and aesthetics. In sum, these disciplines explore the range of human thought and its application to the past and present human environment. They deepen awareness of the diversity of the human heritage and its traditions and histories and they may also promote the application of this knowledge to contemporary societies. The study of the arts and design, like the humanities, deepens the student’s awareness of the diversity of human societies and cultures. The fine arts have as their primary purpose the creation and study of objects, installations, performances and other means of expressing or conveying aesthetic concepts and ideas. Design study concerns itself with material objects, images and spaces, their historical development, and their significance in society and culture. Disciplines in the fine arts and design employ modes of thought and communication that are often nonverbal, which means that courses in these areas tend to focus on objects, images, and structures and/or on the practical techniques and historical development of artistic and design traditions. The past and present accomplishments of artists and designers help form the student’s ability to perceive aesthetic qualities of art work and design. -
Greenfield, P. N. 2011. Virgin Territory
_____________________________________ VIRGIN TERRITORY THE VESTALS AND THE TRANSITION FROM REPUBLIC TO PRINCIPATE _____________________________________ PETA NICOLE GREENFIELD 2011 Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Classics and Ancient History The University of Sydney ABSTRACT _____________________________________ The cult of Vesta was vital to the city of Rome. The goddess was associated with the City’s very foundation, and Romans believed that the continuity of the state depended on the sexual and moral purity of her priestesses. In this dissertation, Virgin Territory: The Vestals and the Transition from Republic to Principate, I examine the Vestal cult between c. 150 BCE and 14 CE, that is, from the beginning of Roman domination in the Mediterranean to the establishment of authoritarian rule at Rome. Six aspects of the cult are discussed: the Vestals’ relationship with water in ritual and literature; a re-evaluation of Vestal incestum (unchastity) which seeks a nuanced approach to the evidence and examines the record of incestum cases; the Vestals’ extra-ritual activities; the Vestals’ role as custodians of politically sensitive documents; the Vestals’ legal standing relative to other Roman women, especially in the context of Augustus’ moral reform legislation; and the cult’s changing relationship with the topography of Rome in light of the construction of a new shrine to Vesta on the Palatine after Augustus became pontifex maximus in 12 BCE. It will be shown that the cult of Vesta did not survive the turmoil of the Late Republic unchanged, nor did it maintain its ancient prerogative in the face of Augustus’ ascendancy. -
Ancient Roman Munificence: the Development of the Practice and Law of Charity
Texas A&M University School of Law Texas A&M Law Scholarship Faculty Scholarship 3-2004 Ancient Roman Munificence: The Development of the Practice and Law of Charity William H. Byrnes IV Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.tamu.edu/facscholar Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation William H. Byrnes IV, Ancient Roman Munificence: The Development of the Practice and Law of Charity, 57 Rutgers L. Rev. 1043 (2004). Available at: https://scholarship.law.tamu.edu/facscholar/421 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Texas A&M Law Scholarship. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Scholarship by an authorized administrator of Texas A&M Law Scholarship. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ANCIENT ROMAN MUNIFICENCE: THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PRACTICE AND LAW OF CHARITY William H. Byrnes, IV* INTRODUCTION This article traces Roman charity from its incipient meager beginnings during Rome's infancy to the mature legal formula it assumed after intersecting with the Roman emperors and Christianity. During this evolution, charity went from being a haphazard and often accidental private event to a broad undertaking of public, religious, and legal commitment. To mention the obvious, Rome was the greatest and most influential empire in the ancient world. It lasted more than a thousand years, traditionally beginning in 753 B.C. as a kingdom under Romulus.' In 509 B.C. it became a republic with permanent tyranny beginning in 31 B.C. under direction of the immortal Julius Caesar.2 The exact date of the end of * Professor and Director, Walter H. -
Festus and Ritual Foodstuffs
Eruditio Antiqua 6 (2014) : 215-227 FESTUS AND RITUAL FOODSTUFFS FAY GLINISTER CARDIFF UNIVERSITY Résumé Cet article examine certaines entrées de Festus et de Paul Diacre qui se rapportent aux gâteaux sacrés. Il souligne l’importance de la préparation de ces gâteaux, en termes d’ingrédients et de variété de formes données. Il s’arrête également sur les lacunes des sources lorsque nous essayons de comprendre comment ces aliments étaient utilisés dans le rituel romain. Abstract This article examines some of the entries in Festus and Paul the Deacon which relate to sacred cakes. It emphasises the importance of the preparation of these cakes, in terms of ingredients and the various ways in which they were shaped. It also considers some of the failings of the sources when we try to understand the ways in which these foodstuffs were employed in Roman ritual. www.eruditio-antiqua.mom.fr FAY GLINISTER FESTUS AND RITUAL FOODSTUFFS Festus’ text, an epitome of the De Verborum Significatu of Verrius Flaccus put together around the 2 nd century AD, is for many aspects of ancient Rome – especially the topography of the city and its religious and institutional history – a key, sometimes unique, source. Verrius’ lexical and antiquarian work drew on many late Republican writers, now lost, who had collected and debated information concerning the Roman past. Festus’ abridgement – which survives only in a damaged 11 th century manuscript and must be supplemented by the Carolingian-period epitome of Paul the Deacon – represents a crucial link to this scholarly tradition. The lexicon of Festus covers a huge range of topics, but its primary interest focus, of course, is words. -
Roman Aristocracy and the Palatine Hill's Appropriated Memory
Providence College DigitalCommons@Providence History & Classics Undergraduate Theses History & Classics 12-15-2015 Mons Maiorum: Roman Aristocracy and the Palatine Hill's Appropriated Memory Charles T. Rainville III Providence College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.providence.edu/history_undergrad_theses Part of the History Commons Rainville III, Charles T., "Mons Maiorum: Roman Aristocracy and the Palatine Hill's Appropriated Memory" (2015). History & Classics Undergraduate Theses. 16. https://digitalcommons.providence.edu/history_undergrad_theses/16 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the History & Classics at DigitalCommons@Providence. It has been accepted for inclusion in History & Classics Undergraduate Theses by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Providence. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Mons Maiorum: Roman Aristocracy and the Palatine Hill's Appropriated Memory by Charles T. Rainville III HIS 490 History Honors Thesis Department of History Providence College Fall 2015 To My Parents and Sister for always supporting me, and Cailin for never letting me quit, Thank you. Acknowledgements This work would not have been possible if not for the tireless patience, dedication, and willingness to work with me exhibited by Professor Fred Drogula, throughout this two semester process. Not only has he taught me to argue effectively on paper what seems so clear in my own mind, he has most importantly made me a more confident writer and self-critic. These are invaluable lessons I hope to bring to my graduate studies and to greater academia. His own exhaustive well of knowledge on all things ancient and Roman is not only an invaluable benefit to Providence College, but to the field of Roman history as a whole; it has been a privilege to work with Professor Drogula. -
TFA Observances
Notes on Holy Tides: Fîron: The -Fîron (to celebrate) in TFA is recognized as a celebration taking place in the household. It is a time for wirdskap (worship meal), where the divine is invited into the home to take part in the holy meal. The meal may be comprised of specific offerings. Under the dark new moon, celebrations are closer to the hearth - the divine come nearest to the world of man even into the home. Naht: The -Naht (night) in TFA is the tide held on the moon before the full. Celebrations held within the home and nearest the hearth move onto the land of the Hêm. Worshipers may offer at the home-tree or some other natural feature of the land. The divine ride above along their celestial course. Fol: The -Fol (full) in TFA is the most liminal tide, straddling the divide between the waxing and waning moon. The method and area of worship will be a combination of indoor and outdoor activities within and without. This tide is when the worlds of men and gods are bought together in many ways. Drinking, recalling to mind, making merry and being boisterous is the natural tone for sacred affairs. Tîd (or Thing): The -Tîd (or -Thing) in TFA is a full tide lasting from the after-full moon until the following new moon. Whereas the pre-Fol month is waxing and spirits are rising until the pinnacle of the Fol, the second half is the waning where the divine are sought out in places beyond the Hêm and into the Civitas. -
1. This Body Holds a One-To-Two Resonance with the Objects Known As Twotinos. This Object Is Itself Surrounded by Rings Named Fo
2008-2009 ACF-Format Set #3 Round 1 Tossups 1. This body holds a one-to-two resonance with the objects known as Twotinos. This object is itself surrounded by rings named for Arago and Lassell, while its outermost Adams ring sports clumps referred to as arcs. This body’s atmosphere exhibits a feature known as the Wizard’s Eye, and this body has the strongest winds in the solar system, although its largest storm had apparently (*) disappeared by 1994 and was known as the Great Dark Spot. Visited in 1989 by Voyager 2, for 10 points, name this parent planet of the moon Triton and the outermost gas giant of the solar system. ANSWER: Neptune 2. This author recounted how books made him weak in an autobiographical work about exercising, Sun and Steel . Noburo kills his mother’s lover Ryuji for abandoning the life of a seaman in one of this man’s novels, and another of his works features the scandalous pregnancy of Satoko, the lover of Kiyoaki. This author of The Sailor who (*) Fell from Grace with the Sea included his novel Spring Snow in his Sea of Fertility tetralogy. For 10 points, name this Japanese author of Confessions of a Mask and The Temple of the Golden Pavilion who committed seppuku on live television. ANSWER: Yukio Mishima [accept in either order] 3. The Festival of the October Horse featured a sacrifice to this god, and Anna Perenna tricked this god into marrying her, thinking she was Minerva. The Roman battle standards initially lost at Carrhae were installed in a temple to this god built by Augustus, who worshiped him as Ultor. -
The Religion of Ancient Rome
ANC I ENT A ND MOD ERN N O F AN CIE NT RO M E R E LIG IONS : ANCIENT AND MODERN . ANI MISM. W O uth r The S o a on U o tor Cr e ti . By ED ARD CL D , A of y f T SM PAN HEI . S SO CT O utho r The R eli io n o the JAME ALLAN N PI N , A of g f 721 067 56. T THE RELIGIONS OF AN CIEN CHINA . B P e I S D P e hi s in the U n ve t y rof ssor G LE , LL . rof ssor of C ne e i rsi y C b d e of am ri g . O THE RELIGI N OF ANCIENT GREECE. A SO Le t e at N e n am C lle e Camb d e By JANE H RRI N . c ur r w h o g , ri g , t u k i i Author of P r olegome na o St dy of Gr ee R el g on . M ISLA . ‘ SY AMBE R Au M A la H M H C te . s u t ED , . of . igh o r n0 ud at e in e n al A t o The S ir it ( l r lam and The J ic ur B g , u h r of p f E thics M D T S SM AGIC AN FE I HI . B Dr O . R . S Le t e o n E t n l at Cam y . -
Ritual, Narrative, and Trauma
Ritual, Narrative, and Trauma Considering the Socio-Psychological Significance of Roman Martial Rituals by ARJEN J. VAN LIL UTRECHT UNIVERSITY RMA-THESIS RESEARCH MASTER IN ANCIENT STUDIES SUPERVISOR: DR. ROLF STROOTMAN SECOND READER: DR. SASKIA STEVENS STUDENTNUMBER: 4157192 Ritual, Narrative, and Trauma Abstract The Roman conduct of war appears to have been a ritualized affair. This thesis is concerned with unfolding this ritual pattern and discussing the socio-psychological significance this may have held for the Roman soldier at war. It investigates the various rituals that the soldier would have been witness or participant of: the lustratio, auspicium, devotio hostium, and passum sub iugum. The comparative analysis and source collection of these rituals may already offer new insights. Its Republican chronological scope results from this. Literary sources form the primary focus of this approach, intermittently supported by the disciplines of archaeology, numismatics, and epigraphy. Accordingly, it attempts to position these rituals in the course of warfare, as it would feature for the soldier. From the vantage point of trauma studies and the principle of narrative understanding, this thesis offers an alternative interpretation of the significance ritual may have had for the Roman soldier’s experience of battle. Thereby, it explores new avenues of study to the experience of ritual and battle. This thesis argues that the various rituals that featured in the preamble and summation of battle had significant potential to shape the individual’s anticipation, experience, and memory of the event. The rituals that the soldier would be witness or participant of, aided him in the creation of a meaningful narrative of events, thereby having the potential to offer psychological relief.