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Joint Logistics Innovations Issue 75, 4th Quarter 2014 JOINT FORCE QUARTERLY Joint Logistics I SSUE Innovations S EVENTY- Chinese Cruise Missile F Developments IVE, 4 TH QUARTER 2014 2014 Essay Competition Winners Joint Force Quarterly Founded in 1993 • Vol. 75, 4th Quarter 2014 http://ndupress.ndu.edu GEN Martin E. Dempsey, USA, Publisher AMB Wanda L. Nesbitt, Interim President, NDU Editor in Chief Col William T. Eliason, USAF (Ret.), Ph.D. Executive Editor Jeffrey D. Smotherman, Ph.D. Production Editor John J. Church, D.M.A. Internet Publications Editor Joanna E. Seich Photography Editor Martin J. Peters, Jr. Art Director Marco Marchegiani, U.S. Government Printing Office Advisory Committee COL Michael S. Bell, USA (Ret.), Ph.D./College of International Security Affairs; Maj Gen Brian T. Bishop, USAF/Air War College; LTG Robert B. Brown, USA/U.S. Army Command and General Staff College; BG Guy T. Cosentino, USA/National War College; Brig Gen Thomas H. Deale, USAF/Air Command and Staff College; Col Keil Gentry, USMC/Marine Corps War College; Lt Gen David L. Goldfein, USAF/The Joint Staff; BGen Thomas A. Gorry, USMC/ Dwight D. Eisenhower School for National Security and Resource Strategy; Col Steven J. Grass, USMC/Marine Corps Command and Staff College; MG William E. Rapp, USA/U.S. Army War College; RDML John W. Smith, Jr., USN/Joint Forces Staff College; LtGen Thomas D. Waldhauser, USMC/The Joint Staff Editorial Board Richard K. Betts/Columbia University; Stephen D. Chiabotti/School of Advanced Air and Space Studies; Eliot A. Cohen/The Johns Hopkins University; COL Joseph J. Collins, USA (Ret.)/National War College; Mark J. Conversino/Air War College; Thomas P. Ehrhard/Office of the Secretary of Defense; Aaron L. Friedberg/Princeton University; Col Thomas C. Greenwood, USMC (Ret.)/Office of the Secretary of Defense; Douglas N. Hime/Naval War College; Mark H. Jacobsen/Marine Corps Command and Staff College; Col Jerome M. Lynes, USMC (Ret.)/The Joint Staff; Kathleen Mahoney-Norris/Air Command and Staff College; Thomas L. McNaugher/Georgetown University; Col Mark Pizzo, USMC (Ret.)/National War College; James A. Schear/Office of the Secretary of Defense; LtGen Bernard E. Trainor, USMC (Ret.) Printed in St. Louis, Missouri, by Cover 2 images (top to bottom): Marine takes cover behind berm during firefight in Helmand Province, Afghanistan, July 2014 (U.S. Marine Corps/ Joseph Scanlan); Sailor performs maintenance on F/A-18F Super Hornet aircraft assigned to Strike Fighter Squadron 213 aboard aircraft carrier USS George H.W. Bush (DOD/Brian Stephens); Airmen with 455th Expeditionary Aircraft Maintenance Squadron work on C-130J Super Hercules engine at Bagram Air Field, Afghanistan (U.S. Air Force/Kayla Newman) NEW from NDU Press A Low-Visibility Force Multiplier: Assessing China’s Cruise Missile Ambitions By Dennis M. Gormley, Andrew S. Erickson, and Jingdong Yuan China’s military modernization includes ambitious efforts to develop antiaccess/area-denial (A2/AD) capabilities to deter intervention by outside powers. Highly accurate and lethal antiship cruise missiles and land-attack cruise missiles carried by a range of ground, naval, and air platforms are an integral part of this counter-intervention strategy. This comprehensive study combines technical and military analysis with an extensive array of Chinese language sources to analyze the challenges Chinese cruise missiles pose for the U.S. military in the Western Pacific. “Cruise missiles are key weapons in China’s A2/AD arsenal, providing a lethal precision-strike capability against naval ships and land-based targets. The authors use hundreds of Chinese language sources and expertise on cruise missile technology to assess China’s progress in acquiring and developing advanced antiship and land-attack cruise missiles and to consider how the People’s Liberation Army might employ these weapons in a conflict. Essential reading for those who want to understand the challenges China’s military modernization poses to the United States and its allies.” —David A. Deptula, Lieutenant General, USAF (Ret.), Senior Military Scholar, Center for Character and Leadership Development, U.S. Air Force Academy “This volume is a major contribution to our understanding of Chinese military modernization. Although China’s ballistic missile programs have garnered considerable attention, the authors remind us that Beijing’s investment in cruise missiles may yield equally consequential results.” —Thomas G. Mahnken, Jerome E. Levy Chair of Economic Geography and National Security, U.S. Naval War College “This book provides an excellent primer on the growing challenge of Chinese cruise missiles. It shows how antiship and land-attack cruise missiles complicate U.S. efforts to counter China’s expanding A2/AD capabilities and are becoming a global proliferation threat. The authors also demonstrate just how much progress China has made in modernizing and upgrading its defense industry, to the point of being able to develop and produce world-class offensive weapons systems such as land-attack cruise missiles. This book belongs on the shelves of every serious observer of China’s growing military prowess.” —Richard A. Bitzinger, Coordinator, Military Transformations Program, S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies, Singapore Available online at ndupress.ndu.edu/Portals/68/Documents/Books/force-multiplier.pdf About the Cover In this Issue Soldiers of 92nd Engineer Battalion stand guard during force protection exercise at Forward Operating Dialogue Base Hadrian in Uruzgan Province, 2 From the Chairman Afghanistan, March 2013 (U.S. 4 True and Steady, Army) Inspection Ready By Bryan B. Battaglia and Curtis L. Brownhill Forum 6 Executive Summary 8 An Interview with Raymond T. Odierno Joint Doctrine 13 Theater Airlift Modernization: 84 Is Military Science “Scientific”? 139 Implementing Joint Operational Options for Closing the Gap By Glenn Voelz Access: From Concept to By Robert C. Owen 91 The Best Man for the Job? Joint Force Development 19 The Afghanistan National Combatant Commanders and By Jon T. Thomas Railway: A Plan of Opportunity the Politics of Jointness 143 Dealing with Corruption: Hard By Lawrence J. Pleis, Richard By R. Russell Rumbaugh Lliteras, David A. Wood, Matthew D. Lessons Learned in Afghanistan Bain, and Steven J. Hendrickson Features By Richard J. Holdren, Stephen F. Nowak, and Fred J. Klinkenberger, Jr. 28 The USCENTCOM Train: The 98 A Potent Vector: Assessing Deployment and Distribution Chinese Cruise Missile 148 Joint Doctrine Update Operations Center Turns 10 Developments By Dennis M. Gormley, Andrew S. By Mark A. Brown Joint Force Quarterly is published by the National Erickson, and Jingdong Yuan Defense University Press for the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. JFQ is the Chairman’s flagship Essay Competitions 106 Blurred Lines: Cultural Support joint military and security studies journal designed 32 2014 Winners Teams in Afghanistan to inform members of the U.S. Armed Forces, allies, and other partners on joint and integrated By Megan Katt 34 Deterrence with China: Avoiding operations; national security policy and strategy; efforts to combat terrorism; homeland security; Nuclear Miscalculation 114 Determining Hostile and developments in training and joint professional By David S. Forman Intent in Cyberspace military education to transform America’s military and security apparatus to meet tomorrow’s challenges By Ramberto A. Torruella, Jr. 43 The Limits of Cyberspace better while protecting freedom today. All published articles have been vetted through a peer-review Deterrence 122 Understanding the Enemy: The process and cleared by the Defense Office of By Clorinda Trujillo Enduring Value of Technical Prepublication and Security Review. 53 Opportunities in Understanding and Forensic Exploitation NDU Press is the National Defense University’s cross-component, professional military and academic China’s Approach to the By Thomas B. Smith and Marc Tranchemontagne publishing house. Senkaku/Diaoyu Islands The opinions, conclusions, and recommendations By Bradford John Davis expressed or implied within are those of the Recall contributors and do not necessarily reflect the views JPME Today 129 Challenges in Coalition of the Department of Defense or any other agency of Unconventional Warfare: the Federal Government. 57 Cyber Security as a Field of The Allied Campaign in Submissions and Communications Military Education and Study JFQ welcomes submission of scholarly, independent By Eneken Tikk-Ringas, Mika Yugoslavia, 1941–1945 research from members of the Armed Forces, security Kerttunen, and Christopher Spirito By J. Darren Duke, Rex L. Phillips, policymakers and shapers, defense analysts, academic and Christopher J. Conover specialists, and civilians from the United States and abroad. Submit articles for consideration by email to 61 Why Military Officers Should [email protected], with “Attention A&R Editor” in the Study Political Economy Book Reviews subject line. Or write to: By Rebecca Patterson and Jodi Vittori 135 You Cannot Surge Trust Editor, Joint Force Quarterly Reviewed by Dov S. Zakheim NDU Press 70 Low Cost, High Returns: 260 Fifth Avenue (Building 64, Room 2504) Getting More from Fort Lesley J. McNair 136 Engineers of Victory Washington, DC 20319 International Partnerships Reviewed by Bryon Greenwald By Russell S. Thacker and Telephone: (202) 685-4220/DSN 325 137 Next-Generation Email: [email protected] Paul W. Lambert JFQ online: www.dtic.mil/doctrine/jfq/jfq.htm Homeland Security 4th Quarter, October 2014 Reviewed by Katie Kuhn Commentary ISSN 1070-0692 77 Asymmetry Is Strategy, Strategy Is Asymmetry By Lukas Milevski Chairman speaks with U.S. military officers before ISAF and U.S. Forces–Afghanistan change of command ceremony August 26, 2014, in Kabul, during which Marine Corps General Joseph F. Dunford, Jr., relinquished command to Army General John F. Campbell (DOD/Sean K. Harp) From the Chairman Commitment to Service epresenting America to the rest Major Bryan Battaglia, USMC, presided representation of the trust we share with of the world is something that we over a similar ceremony in June for the our teammates, our leaders, and the R all take great pride in.
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