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Saving Rhinos TM November 2012 Volume 33, No. 4 SAVING RHINOS Kids caring for the Earth AWARDS ISSN 1995-6703 SA Nature Foundation Merit Award Reg. No. 05/04658/08 Specialist Press Association Award 1992 & 1999 TM Offi cial quarterly publication SAB Environmental Journalist Merit Award 2007 of the Wildlife and Environment Society of SA (incorporated association, not for gain). Registered NPO 000-716 Previously published as Toktokkie Magazine (1979-1997) and as a loose insert, Tok-Tokkie (1974-1979), in African Wildlife. SUPPORTING: SAVING RHINOS CONTENTS Front cover: This is a young White rhino calf. The mother gave Features birth to her calf in dense bush. The calf 3. Caring about big game could stand within 4. Meet the rhinos an hour of birth, but was wobbly 6. A rhino‛s life for several days. 8. Rhinos in trouble It drinks milk 10. Saving rhinos from its mother for a year, but 12. WESSA helping rhinos started eating 16. Rhinos in the web of life grass when 2 months old. Photo © Hedrus/ Specials Dreamstime.com 20. One river – four nations part 3: The Vaal sub-basin 22. Eco-Schools report: Eco-warriors Are you a member? at Virginia Prep. Your EnviroKids membership 24. Crafty fun with rhinos will help us to protect 32. Free State Eco-Schools news: wildlife and the environment. Solar energy cookies Join us today! See page 31 for details. Visit our website: www.wessa.org.za Regulars Editor: Roberta Griffiths P.O. Box 30145, Tokai, 7966. 13. Just 4 fun: White rhino colour-in Tel./Fax (021) 671-8344. 14. Story: Mick and the White rhinos Sub-Editor: Ethleen Lastovica Tel. (021) 762-2363. Layout & Reproduction: C2 Digital Print Tel. (021) 531-1441. 18. What‛s news Printer: Creda Communications: Cape Town 26. Puzzles Publisher, WESSA National Office, The Wildlife and Environment WESSA Membership Services, Society of SA, P.O. Box 394, Howick, 3290. 28. Letters ‘n art EnviroKids Advertising & Financial Tel. (033) 330-3931. Fax 330-4576. 30. Kids caring for the Earth: Julia‛s Administration birthday rhinos The views expressed in this magazine do not necessarily re ect those of the Wildlife and Environment Society of SA. Copyright on all content belongs to WESSA and the individual contributors. No part may be reproduced in any form without the written consent of the publisher. Photocopies may be made for non-pro t educational purposes provided the source Puzzles, competitions and prizes of the material is clearly acknowledged. 13. Just 4 Fun: White rhino colour-in EnviroKids is printed on ISO certifi ed Hi-Q Titan Plus paper produced by Hanlon Paper Co, South Korea, and supplied by Antalis. The paper is acid-free, recyclable and contains (2 rhino storybooks) chlorine-free pulp and FSC, CoC and PEFC certifi ed wood products from sustainable forests. 26. Spot the animals (Sea Life book) Inks used are non-toxic, biodegradable, and made from plant oils and resins. What is the stork saying? Supported by: (Surprise gift) 27. Savannah word search (Quiz book) Prize-winners from Vol. 33(3) 28. Letters ‘n art (Bostik hamper) 2 EnviroKids Vol. 33(4), 2012 Southern Africa is famous for its very large animals – often called big game. People come from all over the world to see them in our wilderness areas. The biggest animals by weight and size are: 1. Elephants up to 7 000 kg 2. White rhinos up to 4 500 kg 3. Hippopotamus up to 3 000 kg 4. Black rhinos up to 1 800 kg People love to walk in nature and visit game parks. Anyone who has been lucky Photo Luke Harwood/Media Clubs SA enough to do this will know what a special experience it is. Game parks and nature reserves conserve the environment and protect wildlife. They also show us how the land had looked before we built our towns and cities. Today, our wild animals are threatened by poaching. Animals inside parks, and the many still living in wilderness areas outside, are no longer safe. A new wave of poaching rhino horns for medicine and dagger handles is sweeping across South Africa. This could threaten our rhinos with extinction. Photo Chad Hocking 3 Reasons to care about our rhinos and big game Some examples of nature’s services • Plants and animals provide medicine and other useful products • Nature, together with its large and small such as wood, paper, cloth and dyes. animals, provides us with many service • Plants and animals give us food: meat, grains, beans, fruits and that are important for our health and vegetables. survival. • Insects, mice, bats and birds pollinate fl owers. • Together with all other life forms, we are • Birds, big game animals, monkeys, apes and other animals eat a part of Earth’s web of life. If we harm and disperse seeds in their poo. The seeds grow into new the links in the web, we eventually harm plants and trees. ourselves. • Plants absorb carbon dioxide and provide us with oxygen to breathe. • Every year more animals are becoming extinct because of human activities. It is • Wetlands provide us with clean water. up to us to protect them so that future children can enjoy them too. Find out more about rhinos in this issue. EnviroKids Vol. 33(4), 2012 3 Rhinos have been around for many millions of years. The large horn on the rhino’s head is made from the same substance as our hair and ngernails. Modern rhinos are all big animals able to grow to 1 000 kg or more in weight. They all eat vegetable matter, have a very thick skin with little or no hair, and they only have one baby at a time. Black Rhino Hi! I’m a young Black rhino with my mum. We look red because we have just had a lovely mud bath. I am also called a hook-lipped rhino because of my pointed upper lip. I’m a browser and use my hooked lip to eat leaves and thorny branches from trees and shrubs. We usually hang out in thick bush. My mother always makes me walk behind her so that she can clear a path for us through the bush. I will stay with her for two-and-a- half years and after that I will live alone. Photo K Stromayer/Wikimedia Commons Black rhino facts Black rhinos are smaller than White rhinos, their backs sag in Weight: Males 850–1 600 kg (females are smaller) the middle, and their heads are usually held up. They have two Shoulder height: 150–175 cm horns on their head, the one in front being the largest. Rhinos Lifespan: 40–45 years have poor eyesight, excellent hearing with large rounded Gestation period: 15 months ears, and a good sense of smell. Black rhinos are shy, but bad Population size: 4 800 (Critically endangered) tempered when threatened, so it is best to be kind and keep a safe distance from them. White Rhino Hi! I’m a White or Square-lipped rhino. My square lip is shaped for grazing grass on open plains, which is where you will most likely see me. I am sociable and live in a small group called a crash. I will not leave my mother’s side until I am two-and-a-half years old. On the plains, the predators come from behind so mum makes me walk in front of her and guides me with her horn to protect me from danger. I need protection from lions, elephants, and territorial male rhinos. Photo Luke Harwood/Media Club SA White rhino facts White rhinos are bigger than Black rhinos, their ears are pointed Weight: Males 2 000–2 300 kg (females are smaller) and their backs are at with a bump near the middle. Like the Shoulder height: 177–200 cm Black rhino, they have two horns on their head. Rhinos are very Lifespan: 40–45 years heavy, but can run at about 45 km per hour over short distances. Gestation period: 16 months The average human only runs at about 10 km per hour. Population size: 20 700 (Near-threatened) 4 EnviroKids Vol. 33(4), 2012 Hi! Indian Rhino I’m an Indian or Greater one-horned rhino and presently live in a zoo. I have a new, tiny baby that is very shy and is busy drinking my milk. Indian rhinos are the biggest of all the rhino species. We can often be found wallowing in the wetlands and forests of Nepal and India. We are grazers, but also enjoy eating a variety of water plants. Not only can I run fast, but I’m also an excellent swimmer. Photo Rhino Resource Centre Indian rhino facts These rhinos have large folds of thick skin all over their Weight: 1 800–2 700 kg bodies, which looks like armour plating. Unlike South Shoulder height: 175–200 cm African rhinos, Indian rhinos only have one horn. Lifespan: 40–50 years Gestation period: 15–16 months Population size: 2 900 (Vulnerable) Sumatran Rhino Hi! I’m a baby Sumatran rhino and live in a zoo. There are not many of us left in the wild. Only 10 live in zoos now, but once there were many more of us. In the past, some of my family even worked in the circus. My parents originally came from an island called Sumatra in Indonesia and lived in tropical rainforests where they fed on leaves and fruit. Adult Sumatran rhinos usually live alone and are known for their ability to move quickly and silently through the forest. Photo wAlanb/Wikimedia Commons Sumatran rhino facts Sumatran rhinos are the Weight: 600–950 kg smallest of all rhino species and Shoulder height: 100–150 cm they are quite hairy.
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