Chapter 5 Traffic Study
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Assessment of Water Availability in Major River Basins of Western Nepal
XIIIth World Water Congress, 1- 4 September, 2008, Montpellier, France ASSESSMENT OF WATER AVAILABILITY IN MAJOR RIVER BASINS OF WESTERN NEPAL. Mr. Jagat K. Bhusal, Senior Divisional Hydrologists, Department of Hydrology and Meteorology, Nepal Mr. Om Ratna Bajracharya Senior Divisional Hydrologists, Department of Hydrology and Meteorology, Nepal Mr. Lekh Nath Bagale, Hydrologist Engineer, Department of Hydrology and Meteorology, Nepal ABSTRACT Nepal gets about 80 % of annual rainfall during monsoon which lasts about 100 days only. Most rivers drain more than 75 % of the runoff during same period. In spite of limited arable land and poor irrigation facility, the backbone of Nepalese economy is still dependant on agriculture. Knowledge of the seasonal variability of rainfall and runoff plays a vital role in maximizing the yield. Integrated approach on utilizing the available water for irrigation development, hydropower generation, water supply and other uses are also other challenges in water resource management. This paper is based on study made by Nepal Irrigation Sector Project (NISP) on 77 basins of Western Nepal. Regional analyses were carried out. Long-term data of 35 basins were used to estimate the key hydrological parameters in the remaining 42 basins. Estimation on the natural flow, recurring floods and low flows, runoff- rainfall relationships, water balance, consumptive and non-consumptive water-use were made. Inter-basin groundwater flow is noticed in some areas. Hydropower development would be wise wise-uses of water resources in Nepal. Keywords: Western Nepal, Monsoon, Basins, Ground water. Rainfall, Runoff. INTRODUCTION River basins of Nepal Nepalese can be grouped broadly into (i) High Himalayan river basins, (ii) High mountain river basins (iii) Middle Mountain river basins (iv) Siwalik river basins and (v) Tarai river basins High Himal region have more snow and ice melt contribution where as High mountains and the Middle mountains find base flow sources with less frozen winter melt. -
Terms of References for Preparation of the Detailed Project Proposal For
Terms of References for Preparation of the Detailed Project Proposal for the implementation of intensive value chain development program of vegetable and fruits in the 13 selected North-South road corridor of Nepal 1. Background Agriculture is the major contributing sector in national economy and this is possible by increasing production and productivity of crops, vegetables and fruits. Increasing agriculture productivity is also necessary for enhancing food security and is possible only when we can develop the value chain of fruits and vegetables. Therefore, it is utmost necessary to develop value chain of fruits and vegetables to increase market potentiality and comparative advantage. Government of Nepal has given priority for the value chain development in agriculture through the budget speech and it was clearly mentioned in the agriculture sector transformation guideline 2075 implementation action plan issued by the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock development. With the increasing commercialization of agricultural, especially fruits and vegetables has been given high priority by many development agencies including government, non-government, private and donor agencies. Various agencies are promoting fruits and vegetable value chain in the various road corridor of the Nepal. But a consolidated and comprehensive project proposal has not been prepared so far for the implementation of intensive value chain development program of fruits and vegetables in the potential north-south road corridor in Nepal. Keeping in this in view and according to the approved annual program of Center for Agricultural Infrastructure Development and Mechanization Promotion (CAIDMP) for the fiscal year 2075/76, it is targeted to prepare Detailed Project Proposal for the implementation of intensive value chain development program of vegetable and fruits in the 13 selected North-South road corridor of Nepal Accordingly, it is also planned to prepare detail project proposal through consultancy service according to the related acts and rules of Nepal. -
World Bank Document
Public Disclosure Authorized Government of Nepal Ministry of Physical Infrastructure and Transport Department of Roads Development Cooperation Implementation Division (DCID) Jwagal, Lalitpur Strategic Road Connectivity and Trade Improvement Project (SRCTIP) Public Disclosure Authorized Improvement of Naghdhunga-Naubise-Mugling (NNM) Road Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Public Disclosure Authorized Prepared by Environment & Resource Management Consultant (P) Ltd. Public Disclosure Authorized JV with Group of Engineer’s Consortium (P) Ltd., and Udaya Consultancy (P) Ltd.Kathmandu April 2020 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Introduction The Government of Nepal (GoN) has requested the World Bank (WB) to support the improvements of existing roads that are of vital importance to the country’s economy and regional connectivity through the proposed Strategic Road Connectivity and Trade Improvement Project (SRCTIP). The project has four components: (1) Trade Facilitation; (2) Regional Road Connectivity; (3) Institutional Strengthening; and (4) Contingency Emergency Response. Under the second component, this project will carry out the following activities: (a) Improvement of the existing 2-lane Nagdhunga-Naubise-Mugling (NNM) Road; (94.7 km on the pivotal north-south trade corridor connecting Kathmandu and Birgunj) to a 2-lane with 1 m paved shoulders, and (b) Upgrading of the Kamala-Dhalkebar-Pathlaiya (KDP) Road of the Mahendra Highway (East West Highway) from 2-lane to 4-lane. An Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) was undertaken during the detailed design phase of the NNM Road to assess the environmental and social risks and impacts of the NNM Road before execution of the project in accordance with the Government of Nepal’s (GoN) requirements and the World Bank’s Environmental and Social Framework (ESF). -
Notes on the Mosquitoes of Nepal I. New Country Records and Revised Aedes Keys (Diptera, Culicidae)’
AUGUST199 1 39 NOTES ON THE MOSQUITOES OF NEPAL I. NEW COUNTRY RECORDS AND REVISED AEDES KEYS (DIPTERA, CULICIDAE)’ RICHARDF. DARSIE, JR.~, SHREEDHARP. PRADHAN~AND RIDDHI GOPAL VAIDYA~ ABSTRACT: Additional collectionsof mosquitoesin the environs of Hetaura, Makwanpur District, and Birgunj,Bara District during 1990,resulted in the discoveryof 4 new country records and the collection of the immature stagesof 7 speciespreviously known from Nepal only in the adult stage. Revisionsand additionsto the Darsie/Pradhankeys are presentedso that the species new to Nepal can be identified. Also, revised Aedes keys are presented. INTRODUCTION these habitatswere quite rewarding. In addi- tion to the new country records, we collected Darsie and Pradhan (1990) publishedan ex- larvae of 7 speciespreviously known from Nepal tensive account of the mosquitoesof Nepal, only as adults. includingall previouspublished works. We re- The purposeof the studywas to samplemos- ported 130 speciesin 14 genera. Another genus, quito breeding habitats in and near Hetaura, Teteroides, wasincluded in our report without Makwanpur District, Narayani Zone, locatedin a speciesbeing named. One of the 4 species the inner terai at an elevation of 187 m. Also, whichwe are reporting asnew to Nepal belongs collectionswere made on 1 occasionnear Bir- to thisgenus. We are addingnotes on mosquito gunj, Bara District, Narayani Zone, closeto the habitats sampled, based on recent collections Indian border at an elevation of 100 m. Adults, made in 1990. captured by hand aspirator, and larvae were Only culicine and sabethinemosquitoes are mountedfor study. Certain larvae of the genera included in this account. Peters and Dewar Aedesand Heizmannia could not be identified (1956), Joshiet al. -
NEPAL: Preparing the Secondary Towns Integrated Urban
Technical Assistance Consultant’s Report Project Number: 36188 November 2008 NEPAL: Preparing the Secondary Towns Integrated Urban Environmental Improvement Project (Financed by the: Japan Special Fund and the Netherlands Trust Fund for the Water Financing Partnership Facility) Prepared by: Padeco Co. Ltd. in association with Metcon Consultants, Nepal Tokyo, Japan For Department of Urban Development and Building Construction This consultant’s report does not necessarily reflect the views of ADB or the Government concerned, and ADB and the Government cannot be held liable for its contents. (For project preparatory technical assistance: All the views expressed herein may not be incorporated into the proposed project’s design. TA 7182-NEP PREPARING THE SECONDARY TOWNS INTEGRATED URBAN ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENT PROJECT Volume 1: MAIN REPORT in association with KNOWLEDGE SUMMARY 1 The Government and the Asian Development Bank agreed to prepare the Secondary Towns Integrated Urban Environmental Improvement Project (STIUEIP). They agreed that STIUEIP should support the goal of improved quality of life and higher economic growth in secondary towns of Nepal. The outcome of the project preparation work is a report in 19 volumes. 2 This first volume explains the rationale for the project and the selection of three towns for the project. The rationale for STIUEIP is the rapid growth of towns outside the Kathmandu valley, the service deficiencies in these towns, the deteriorating environment in them, especially the larger urban ones, the importance of urban centers to promote development in the regions of Nepal, and the Government’s commitments to devolution and inclusive development. 3 STIUEIP will support the objectives of the National Urban Policy: to develop regional economic centres, to create clean, safe and developed urban environments, and to improve urban management capacity. -
Final Evaluation Combating Exploitive Child Labor Through Education in Nepal: Naya Bato Naya Paila Project -New Path New Steps
FINAL (AFTER COMMENTS) Independent Final Evaluation Combating Exploitive Child Labor through Education in Nepal: Naya Bato Naya Paila Project -New Path New Steps- USDOL Cooperative Agreement No: IL-19513-09-75-K Report prepared by: Dr. Martina Nicolls April 2013 Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ............................................................................................................ v LIST OF ACRONYMS ............................................................................................................... vi EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................... 1 Country Context ................................................................................................................................................... 1 Relevance: Shifting Project Priorities ................................................................................................................... 1 Effectiveness ........................................................................................................................................................ 2 Efficiency .............................................................................................................................................................. 3 Impact .................................................................................................................................................................. 3 Sustainability ....................................................................................................................................................... -
Adoption of Improved Potato Varieties in Nepal: a Case of Bara District
January ADOPTION OF IMPROVED POTATO VARIETIES IN NEPAL: A CASE OF BARA DISTRICT B. Kafle1 and P.Shah1 ABSTRACT The study examines the determinants of adoption of improved potato varieties in Bara district of Nepal. Data was obtained from 51 potato farmers through the use of structured questionnaires. The study employed descriptive statistics and regression analysis to assess adoption status and its determinants. The results of the regression analysis showed that household size has negative influence on adoption of improved potato varieties while land tenancy, cattle ownership, contact with extension agents, age and level of education have positive influences. It is recommended that adult education should be provided to the adult farmers and the number of extension agents should be increased who would help introduce new potato varieties and improve technical and managerial skills of farmers through improved extension services. Key words: adoption, logistic regression, factors, potato varieties INTRODUCTION Since last two decades, Nepal Agricultural Research Council Agriculture is the mainstay of the (NARC) has been engaged in Nepalese economy, providing a generation of improved agricultural livelihood for three-fourths of the technologies for potatoes farming in population and accounting 32.3% Nepal. Till date, more than ten share to Gross Domestic Products improved varieties of potato have (MoAC, 2011). Potato (Solanum been recommended by NARC along tuberosam L.) is one of the most with improved production important crops in Nepal. It is utilized technologies. The varieties have large as a major vegetable in Terai (Plain yield potential and the diffusion of region) and mid hills and used as a these varieties can greatly enhance vegetable and staple food both in high national potato production. -
2.3 Nepal Road Network
2.3 Nepal Road Network Overview Primary Roads in Nepal Major Road Construction Projects Distance Matrix Road Security Weighbridges and Axle Load Limits Road Class and Surface Conditions Province 1 Province 2 Bagmati Province Gandaki Province Province 5 Karnali Province Sudurpashchim Province Overview Roads are the predominant mode of transport in Nepal. Road network of Nepal is categorized into the strategic road network (SRN), which comprises of highways and feeder roads, and the local road network (LRN), comprising of district roads and Urban roads. Nepal’s road network consists of about 64,500 km of roads. Of these, about 13,500 km belong to the SRN, the core network of national highways and feeder roads connecting district headquarters. (Picture : Nepal Road Standard 2070) The network density is low, at 14 kms per 100 km2 and 0.9 km per 1,000 people. 60% of the road network is concentrated in the lowland (Terai) areas. A Department of Roads (DoR’s) survey shows that 50% of the population of the hill areas still must walk two hours to reach an SRN road. Two of the 77 district headquarters, namely Humla, and Dolpa are yet to be connected to the SRN. Page 1 (Source: Sector Assessment [Summary]: Road Transport) Primary Roads in Nepal S. Rd. Name of Highway Length Node Feature Remarks N. Ref. (km) No. Start Point End Point 1 H01 Mahendra Highway 1027.67 Mechi Bridge, Jhapa Gadda chowki Border, East to West of Country Border Kanchanpur 2 H02 Tribhuvan Highway 159.66 Tribhuvan Statue, Sirsiya Bridge, Birgunj Connects biggest Customs to Capital Tripureshwor Border 3 H03 Arniko Highway 112.83 Maitighar Junction, KTM Friendship Bridge, Connects Chinese border to Capital Kodari Border 4 H04 Prithvi Highway 173.43 Naubise (TRP) Prithvi Chowk, Pokhara Connects Province 3 to Province 4 5 H05 Narayanghat - Mugling 36.16 Pulchowk, Naryanghat Mugling Naryanghat to Mugling Highway (PRM) 6 H06 Dhulikhel Sindhuli 198 Bhittamod border, Dhulikhel (ARM) 135.94 Km. -
Manual for Community-Based Flood Management Nepal
MANUAL FOR COMMUNITY-BASED FLOOD MANAGEMENT NEPAL Asia Pacific J. Env. Dev., 11(1&2), 2004, pp. 227-304 MANUAL FOR COMMUNITY-BASED FLOOD MANAGEMENT IN NEPAL Table of Contents List of Acronyms 230 Executive Summary 231 1 Introduction 236 2 Classification of Floods and Flood Prone Areas 241 3 Pre-Flood Preparedness 244 4 During Flood Responses 255 5 Post-Flood Rehabilitation and Maintenance 256 6 Managing Information for Future References 258 Annexures 260 List of Acronyms ADB/N : Agricultural Development Bank of Nepal CBOs : Community Based Organization CFMC : Community Flood Management Committee DADO : District Agriculture Development Office DDC : District Development Committee DHM : Department of Hydrology and Meteorology DNCRC : District Natural Calamity Relief Committee DOR : Department of Roads DWIDP : Department of Water Induced Disaster Prevention DWRC : District Water Resources Committee GLOF : Glacier Lake Outburst Flood INGO : International Non-Governmental Organization JICA : Japan International Cooperation Agency NGO : Non-Governmental Organizations NRCS : Nepal Red Cross Society RCC : Reinforced Cement Concrete RUAA Roorkee University Alumni Association SIREN Society of Irrigation Engineers UNDP : United Nations Development Programme VDC : Village Development Committee EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Floods in Nepal Unstable steep slopes, weak and fragile geological formation of young mountains along with heavy monsoon rainfall make Nepal one of the most hazardous areas in the world. Because of its topographical variation and geological characteristics together with torrential rain during the monsoon season, the country frequently suffers from different kinds of water induced disasters like soil erosion, landslide, debris flow, floods etc. These phenomena cause loss of lives and property and pose severe hazards to physical infrastructures resulting in the disruption of the social and economic development of the country. -
A Connectivity-Driven Development Strategy for Nepal: from a Landlocked to a Land-Linked State
ADBI Working Paper Series A Connectivity-Driven Development Strategy for Nepal: From a Landlocked to a Land-Linked State Pradumna B. Rana and Binod Karmacharya No. 498 September 2014 Asian Development Bank Institute Pradumna B. Rana is an associate professor at the S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. Binod Karmacharya is an advisor at the South Asia Centre for Policy Studies (SACEPS), Kathmandu, Nepal Prepared for the ADB–ADBI study on “Connecting South Asia and East Asia.” The authors are grateful for the comments received at the Technical Workshop held on 6–7 November 2013. The views expressed in this paper are the views of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of ADBI, ADB, its Board of Directors, or the governments they represent. ADBI does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this paper and accepts no responsibility for any consequences of their use. Terminology used may not necessarily be consistent with ADB official terms. Working papers are subject to formal revision and correction before they are finalized and considered published. “$” refers to US dollars, unless otherwise stated. The Working Paper series is a continuation of the formerly named Discussion Paper series; the numbering of the papers continued without interruption or change. ADBI’s working papers reflect initial ideas on a topic and are posted online for discussion. ADBI encourages readers to post their comments on the main page for each working paper (given in the citation below). Some working papers may develop into other forms of publication. Suggested citation: Rana, P., and B. -
Department of Roads
His Majesty’s Government of Nepal Ministry of Works and Transport Department of Roads Nov ‘99 Number 12 HMIS News Highway Management Information System, Planning Branch, DOR Traffic Database New Director General in DoR Maintenance and Rehabilitation Coordination Unit (MRCU) Mr. Ananda Prasad Khanal took charge as the Director General st has developed a database application for storing and processing of Department of Roads on 1 November 1999. Before that he traffic data obtained from Automatic Logger and Manual traffic was working as Deputy Director General, Planning Branch. count conducted every year by the Planning Branch. This database is useful in maintaining the data systematically. It Mr. Ananda Prasad Khanal did the Bachelor in Civil eliminates the tradition of keeping data in spreadsheet instead Engineering from Indian Institute of Technology (I.I.T) of in Access. This database is not the substitute of the software Bombay in 1968. He joined the Department of Roads in 1968 dROAD6 installed in the Highway Management Information and has been working since then. He had worked as assistant System (HMIS). engineer, divisional engineer, zonal engineer, Regional director, Project director of ADB Project Directorate Office The design of this database uses Microsoft Access 97 software and DDG of Planning Branch. He has visited several countries and incorporates Access 2000. Minimum hardware and has vast and diverse experience in the field of road requirements are a Pentium processor, 16Mb of Ram (32 MB construction, maintenance and planning. Preferred), and 1.5 MB of spare storage capacity. The database can be accessed through a straightforward menu system that is All the staffs of DoR congratulate him in his new appointment displayed in the following format. -
Evolution of Municipalities in Nepal
EVOLUTION OF MUNICIPALITIES IN NEPAL: CHALLENGES AND PLANNING Gopi Krishna Pandey INTRODUCTION Urban center is an index of transformation from traditional rural economics to modern industrial unit. It is a long term process. It is progressive concentration of population in urban unit. Kingsley Davis has explained urbanization as a process of switch from spread out pattern of human settlements to one of concentration in urban centers. It is a finite process of cycle through which all nations pass as they evolve from agrarian to industrial society (Davis and Golden, 1954). In a more rigorous sense, urban center is such a place where exchange of services and ideas; a place for agro processing mills or small scale industries; a place for community and production services; a place for fair or hat (periodic market) or social gatherings; and place for transport service or break of bulk service. All these activities act as complement to each other, and are considered as a total strength of market force. Urban center is the foci of development activities for the rural development. Historical accounts show that some of the urban centers are in increasing trend and decreasing the number of commercial units. The urban centers which is located at the transportation node have chance to rapidly grow. Nepal is undergoing a significant spatial transition. It is both the least urbanized country in South Asia with about 17 percent of its population living in urban areas (based on 2011census data, CBS, 2011) and the fastest unbanning country with an average population growth rate of about 6 percent per year since the 1976s.