TECHNICAL REPORT – PATENT ANALYSIS Enhancing Productivity in the Indian Paper and Pulp Sector 2018 TABLE OF contEnts ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 10 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 11 1 INTRODUCTION 13 2 OVERVIEW OF THE PULP AND PAPER SECTOR 15 2.1. Status of the Indian Paper Industry 15 2.2. Overview of the Pulp and Papermaking Process 20 2.3. Patenting in the Paper and Pulp Industry: A Historical Perspective 22 2.4. Environmental Impact of the Pulp and Paper Industry 25 3 METHODOLOGY 27 3.1. Search Strategy 27 4 ANALYSIS OF PATENT DOCUMENTS USING GPI 31 4.1. Papermaking; Production of Cellulose (IPC or CPC class D21) 31 4.2. Analysis of Patenting Activity in Different Technology Areas using GPI 38 5 ANALYSIS OF THE INDIAN PATENT SCENARIO WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF THIS REPORT 81 5.1. Analysis of Patents Filed in India 81 6 CONCLUDING REMARKS 91 REFERENCES 93 ANNEXURE 94 Annexure 1. Technologies related to paper manufacturing 94 Annexure 2. Sustainable/green technologies related to pulp and paper sector 119 Annexure 3. Emerging Technology Areas 127 List OF FIGURES Figure 2.1: Geographical Spread of Figure 4.11: (d) Applicant vs. Date of Indian Paper Mills .................................16 Priority Graph: Paper-Making Machines Figure 2.2: Share of Different Segments and Methods ........................................42 in Total Paper Production .......................19 Figure 4.11: (e) Applicant vs. Date of Figure 2.3: Variety Wise Production of Priority Graph: Calendars and Accessories ..43 Paper from Different Raw Materials ........19 Figure 4.11: (f) Applicant vs. Date of Figure 2.4: Different Varieties of Paper Priority Graph: Pulp or Paper Comprising Made from Various Raw Materials ..........19 Synthetic Cellulose or Non-Cellulose Fibres ..43 Figure 2.5: Diagram of a Process Block Figure 4.11: (g) Applicant vs. Date of Pulp and Paper Mill ...............................20 Priority Graph: Non-Fibrous Additives Figure 4.1: Top IPC Main Groups within Added to the Pulp .................................44 the Families Related to Papermaking Figure 4.11: (h) Applicant vs. Date of and Production of Cellulose ...................31 Priority Graph: Coated Paper, Coating Figure 4.2: Top IPC Subgroups within Material ...............................................44 the Families Related to Papermaking Figure 4.11: (i) Applicant vs. Date of and Production of Cellulose ...................32 Priority Graph: Special Paper .................45 Figure 4.3: Top Publishing Offices for the Figure 4.11: (j) Applicant vs. Date of Patent Families Related to Papermaking Priority Graph: Fibreboard; Manufacture and Production of Cellulose ...................32 of Articles from Cellulosic Fibrous Figure 4.4: IPC vs. Date of Priority Cross- Suspensions or from Papier-M.ch. ..........45 Reference Graph ...................................34 Figure 4.12: Comparison of Number Figure 4.5: Top Applicants in the Pulp of Patent Documents in Different and Paper Sector ..................................35 Technology Areas Related to Pulping in Top Ten Jurisdictions 46 Figure 4.6: Top Inventors in the Pulp ............................. and Paper Sector ..................................35 Figure 4.13: Applicants and Date of Priority for Patents in the Area of ‘Pulping Figure 4.7: Applicant vs. IPC Cross- of Cellulose-Containing Materials’ 47 Reference Graph ...................................36 ........... Cross-Reference Graph Figure 4.8: Applicant vs. Date of Priority Figure 4.14: Between Applicants and Date of Priority Cross-Reference Graph ..........................37 for the Technologies Related to Digesters ..48 Figure 4.9: Number of Patent Documents Cross-Reference Graph with Date of Priority 2006-2016 ................37 Figure 4.15: Between Applicants and Date of Priority Figure 4.10: Comparison of Number for the Technologies Related to Bleaching 49 of Patent Documents in Different .. Technology Areas Related to Paper Figure 4.16: Cross-Reference Graph Between Applicants and Date of Manufacturing in Top Ten Jurisdictions .....39 Priority for the Technologies Related to Figure 4.11: (a) Applicant vs. Date of Regeneration of Pulp Liquors 49 Priority Graph: Raw Materials and Their ................. Top Publishing Offices in Mechanical Treatment ...........................41 Figure 4.17: the Area of Wastewater Treatment ..........50 Figure 4.11: (b) Applicant vs. Date of Priority Graph: Technologies Related to Figure 4.18: Top Applicants for Wastewater Treatment 51 Pulping ................................................41 ........................... Applicant vs. Date of Priority Figure 4.11: (c) Applicant vs. Date of Figure 4.19: Graph for Wastewater Treatment 51 Priority Graph: Stock Preparation ...........42 ............. 6 | Patent Analysis Figure 4.20: Top Publishing Offices in Figure 4.37: Top Applicants and Date the Field of Recycling of Waste Paper ......52 of Priority Cross-Reference Graph in the Figure 4.21: Top Applicants in the Field Area of Enzyme Technology ....................67 of Recycling of Waste Paper ...................53 Figure 4.38: Top IPC Groups in the Area Figure 4.22: Top Applicants and Date of of Enzyme Technology ...........................68 Priority Graph for Recycling of Waste Paper ..53 Figure 4.39: Top Publishing Offices in Figure 4.23: Top Publishing Offices in the the Field of Lignin Recovery ...................71 Field of Pulp from Non-Woody Plants .......54 Figure 4.40: Top Applicants in the Field Figure 4.24: Top Applicants in the Field of Lignin Recovery .................................71 of Pulp from Non-Woody Plants ..............55 Figure 4.41: Top Applicants and Date Figure 4.25: Top Applicants and of Priority Cross-Reference Graph in the Corresponding Date of Priority in the Area of Lignin Recovery .........................72 Field of Pulp from Non-Woody Plants ......55 Figure 4.42: Top Publishing Offices in Figure 4.26: Top IPC Subgroups for the Field of Hemicellulose Recovery .......73 Chlorine-Free Bleaching of Pulp..............56 Figure 4.43: Top Applicants in the Field Figure 4.27: Top Publishing Offices for of Hemicellulose Recovery .....................73 Chlorine-Free Bleaching of Pulp..............57 Figure 4.44: Top Applicants and Date Figure 4.28: Top Applicants for of Priority Cross-Reference Graph in the Chlorine-Free Bleaching of Pulp..............57 Area of Hemicellulose Recovery..............74 Figure 4.29: Top Applicants and Figure 4.45: Top Publishing Offices in Corresponding Date of Priority in the the Field of Bioethanol ..........................74 Field of Chlorine-Free Pulp Bleaching ......58 Figure 4.46: Top Applicants in the Field Figure 4.30: Top Publishing Offices in the of Bioethanol ........................................75 Field of Nanotechnology in the Pulp and Figure 4.47: Top Applicants and Date Paper Sector .............................................60 of Priority Cross-Reference Graph in the Figure 4.31: Top Applicants in the Field Area of Bioethanol ................................76 of Nanotechnology in the Pulp and Figure 4.48: Top Publishing Offices in Paper Sector .........................................60 the Field of Organic Solvents in Pulping ...76 Figure 4.32: Top Applicants and Figure 4.49: Top Applicants in the Field Corresponding Date of Priority in the of Organic Solvents in Pulping ...............77 Field of Nanotechnology in the Pulp Figure 4.50: Top Applicants and and Paper Sector ..................................61 Corresponding Date of Priority in the Figure 4.33: Date of Priority of Patent Field of Organic Solvents in Pulping ........78 Documents in the Area of Nanotechnology Figure 5.1: Top 10 Applicants for Indian in the Pulp and Paper Sector ....................61 Applications .........................................82 Figure 4.34: Top IPC Main Groups in the Figure 5.2: Top 10 IPC Codes Among the Area of Nanotechnology in the Pulp and Indian Applications ...............................82 Paper Sector .........................................62 Figure 5.3: Top 10 Inventors for Indian Figure 4.35: Top Publishing Offices in Applications .........................................83 the Area of Enzyme Technology ..............66 Figure 5.4: Filing Trend of Patents in Figure 4.36: Top Applicants in the Area India in the Pulp and Paper Sector from of Enzyme Technology ...........................66 1996 to 2017 .........................................83 Patent Analysis | 7 List OF TABLES Table 2.1: Statistical and Financial Table 4.10: Top Applicants in Different Parameters of the Indian Paper Industry .....16 Application Areas of Enzymes in the Table 2.2: Structure of the Indian Paper Pulp and Paper Industry .........................69 Industry ................................................17 Table 4.11: Top Publishing Offices in Table 2.3: Production of Various Grades Different Application Areas of Enzymes from Different Raw Materials ..................18 in the Pulp and Paper Industry ................69 Table 3.1: Description of Subclasses Table 4.12: Number of Patent Belonging to IPC/CPC Class D21 Documents Retrieved Using GPI (Papermaking; Production of Cellulose) ...28 in Different Application Areas of Table 3.2: Identified Technology Areas in Biorefinery in the Pulp and Paper Sector ..70 the Pulp and Paper Sector ......................29 Table 5.1: Description of Top 10 IPC Table 4.1: Description of Top 10 IPC Main Codes Among the Patent Applications Groups and Subgroups ...........................33 Filed in India ..........................................83 Table