What Happens to Cellulosic Fibers During Papermaking and Recycling? a Review
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Making! the E-Magazine for the Fibrous Forest Products Sector
PAPERmaking! The e-magazine for the Fibrous Forest Products Sector Produced by: The Paper Industry Technical Association Volume 5 / Number 1 / 2019 PAPERmaking! FROM THE PUBLISHERS OF PAPER TECHNOLOGY Volume 5, Number 1, 2019 CONTENTS: FEATURE ARTICLES: 1. Wastewater: Modelling control of an anaerobic reactor 2. Biobleaching: Enzyme bleaching of wood pulp 3. Novel Coatings: Using solutions of cellulose for coating purposes 4. Warehouse Design: Optimising design by using Augmented Reality technology 5. Analysis: Flow cytometry for analysis of polyelectrolyte complexes 6. Wood Panel: Explosion severity caused by wood dust 7. Agriwaste: Soda-AQ pulping of agriwaste in Sudan 8. New Ideas: 5 tips to help nurture new ideas 9. Driving: Driving in wet weather - problems caused by Spring showers 10. Women and Leadership: Importance of mentoring and sponsoring to leaders 11. Networking: 8 networking skills required by professionals 12. Time Management: 101 tips to boost everyday productivity 13. Report Writing: An introduction to report writing skills SUPPLIERS NEWS SECTION: Products & Services: Section 1 – PITA Corporate Members: ABB / ARCHROMA / JARSHIRE / VALMET Section 2 – Other Suppliers Materials Handling / Safety / Testing & Analysis / Miscellaneous DATA COMPILATION: Installations: Overview of equipment orders and installations since November 2018 Research Articles: Recent peer-reviewed articles from the technical paper press Technical Abstracts: Recent peer-reviewed articles from the general scientific press Events: Information on forthcoming national and international events and courses The Paper Industry Technical Association (PITA) is an independent organisation which operates for the general benefit of its members – both individual and corporate – dedicated to promoting and improving the technical and scientific knowledge of those working in the UK pulp and paper industry. -
The Effect of Organosolv Pretreatment Variables on Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Sugarcane Bagasse
Chemical Engineering Journal 168 (2011) 1157–1162 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Chemical Engineering Journal journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/cej The effect of organosolv pretreatment variables on enzymatic hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse L. Mesa a, E. González a, C. Cara b, M. González a, E. Castro b, S.I. Mussatto c,∗ a Center of Analysis Process, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Central University of Las Villas, Villa Clara, Cuba b Department of Chemical Environmental and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain c Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal article info abstract Article history: Sugarcane bagasse pretreated with dilute-acid was submitted to an organosolv ethanol process with Received 10 November 2010 NaOH under different operational conditions (pretreatment time, temperature, and ethanol concentra- Received in revised form 27 January 2011 tion) aiming to maximize the glucose yield in the subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis stage. The different Accepted 3 February 2011 pretreatment conditions resulted in variations in the chemical composition of the solid residue as well as in the glucose recovered by enzymatic hydrolysis. All the studied variables presented significant (p < 0.05) Keywords: influence on the process. The optimum organosolv pretreatment conditions consisted in using 30% (v/v) Sugarcane bagasse ethanol at 195 ◦C, during 60 min. Enzymatic hydrolysis of the residue then obtained produced 18.1 g/l Organosolv Ethanol glucose, correspondent to a yield of 29.1 g glucose/100 g sugarcane bagasse. The scale-up of this process, Enzymatic hydrolysis by performing the acid pretreatment in a 10-l semi-pilot reactor fed with direct steam, was success- Glucose fully performed, being obtained a glucose yield similar to that found when the acid pretreatment was performed in autoclave. -
Production of Sugars, Ethanol and Tannin from Spruce Bark and Recovered Fibres
IENCE SC • VTT SCIENCE • T S E Production of sugars, ethanol and tannin from N C O H I N spruce bark and recovered fibres S O I V Dissertation L • O S G Valorisation of forest industry-related side- and waste streams in a T 76 Y H • R G biorefinery context could help to reduce dependence on fossil I E L S H 76 E G A resources and introduce new value chains and sources of income I R H C for the forest industry. This thesis examined two abundant and H underutilized biomass streams spruce bark and recovered fibres as biorefinery feedstocks for the production of sugars, ethanol and tannin. Hot water extraction of tannins from spruce bark, steam explosion to reduce the recalcitrance of the feedstock towards hydrolytic Production of sugars, ethanol and tannin from spruce... enzymes, enzymatic hydrolysis of bark carbohydrates and fermentation of released sugars to ethanol were demonstrated and the effect of main process parameters studied. Recovered fibres were fractionated from solid recovered fuel, a standardised combustion fuel composed mainly of packaging waste, and the composition and enzymatic digestibility of the material were determined. The effect of pretreatment, solids loading and the use of surfactants on hydrolysis yield was studied. Selected steps for processing spruce bark and recovered fibres were scaled up from laboratory- to small pilot scale.The results of the work carried out in this thesis indicate that the biorefinery concepts presented for spruce bark and recovered fibres have technical potential for industrial application. Production -
( 12 ) United States Patent
US009902815B2 (12 ) United States Patent ( 10 ) Patent No. : US 9 ,902 , 815 B2 Tamminen et al. ( 45 ) Date of Patent: Feb . 27 , 2018 ( 54 ) FUNCTIONALIZED LIGNIN AND METHOD ( 58 ) Field of Classification Search OF PRODUCING THE SAME ??? . .. C07G 1 / 00 See application file for complete search history . @(71 ) Applicant : Teknologian tutkimuskeskus VTT , VTT (FI ) ( 56 ) References Cited U . S . PATENT DOCUMENTS @(72 ) Inventors : Tarja Tamminen , Espoo (FI ) ; Jarmo Ropponen , Espoo (FI ) ; Eva - Lena Hult , 2 ,429 , 102 A 10 / 1947 Lewis et al. Espoo ( FI) ; Kristiina Poppius- Levlin , 3 , 149 , 085 A 9 / 1964 Ball et al . Espoo (FI ) 4 ,017 ,430 A * 4 / 1977 Briggs .. .. .. 530 / 502 5 ,773 , 590 A * 6 / 1998 Hart 530 / 500 6 ,172 ,204 B1 * 1 /2001 Sarkanen et al. 530 /500 @(73 ) Assignee : Teknologian tutkimuskeskus VTT Oy, 2010 /0105798 A1 * 4 /2010 Hasegawa . .. .. 522 / 99 Espoo (FI ) 2010 /0152428 A1* 6 / 2010 Gifford et al . .. .. .. 530 / 504 2010 / 0204368 A1 * 8 / 2010 Benko et al. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 524 / 73 ( * ) Notice : Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this 2010 / 0331531 A1 * 12 / 2010 Mykytka .. .. 530 / 501 patent is extended or adjusted under 35 2011/ 0263836 A1 * 10 / 2011 Vuorenpalo et al. .. .. 530 / 500 U . S . C . 154 ( b ) by 33 days. 2012 /0012035 A1 * 1 / 2012 Blank et al. .. .. 106 / 802 ( 21) Appl. No. : 14 /348 , 904 OTHER PUBLICATIONS (22 ) PCT Filed : Oct. 8 , 2012 Holmbom ( Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society , 1977 , p . 289 - 293 ) . * Stenberg et al . (Surface Coatings International Part B : Coatings ( 86 ) PCT No. : PCT/ FI2012 /050965 Transactions , vol. 88 , B2 , 83 - 156 , 2005 ) . -
Fungal Pretreatment for Organosolv Pulping and Dissolving Pulp Production
13 Fungal Pretreatment for Organosolv Pulping and Dissolving Pulp Production ANDRÉ FERRAZ, LYUDMIL CHRISTOV, AND MASOOD AKHTAR INTRODUCTION Biopulping is the fungal pretreatment of wood chips, designed as a solid-state fer- mentation process, for production of mechanical or chemical pulps (cf. Chapters 10 and 12). The concept of biopulping is based on the ability of some white-rot fungi to colonize and degrade selectively the lignin in wood, thereby leaving the cellulose relatively intact. This chapter presents an evaluation of biopulping and biobleaching with white-rot fungi as pretreatment steps in organosolv pulping and in dissolving pulp production. Fungal-organosolv pulping is focused mainly on chemical and topo- chemical bases for the combination of biopulping and organosolv processes. Experi- mental data are presented to illustrate the potential of this fungal-chemical method to produce wood pulps. Biopulping and biobleaching with selected white-rot fungi are also evaluated as potential methods for production of dissolving pulp. A report in part has been submitted for publication in Enzyme and Microbial Technology. This chapter is based mainly on the work from a collaborative project between the Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, The University of Orange Free State, of Bloemfontein South Africa and the USDA Forest Products Laboratory in Madison, Wisconsin. Fungal-organosolv pulping methods are based mainly on the work developed at the Department of Biotechnology in Lorena, Brazil, and the Renewable Resource Laboratory in Concepcion, Chile. ORGANOSOLV PULPING Background The need to find new technologies for pulp and paper production that cause less environmental impact has contributed to an increase in the number of studies on Environmentally Friendly Technologies for the Pulp and Paper Industry, edited by Raymond A. -
Stickies Detection Methods Macro and Micro Detailed Report
FINAL REPORT January 31, 2003 CONTAINERBOARD GROUP AMERICAN FOREST & PAPER ASSOCIATION Project Title: Evaluation of Various Adhesive Contaminant Analysis Methods for the Use in Old Corrugated Container Recycling Plants Names of Principal Investigators: Richard A. Venditti and Hou-min Chang Institution: North Carolina State University tel. (919) 515-6185 Dept. of Wood and Paper Science fax. (919) 515-6302 Raleigh NC 27695-8005 email: [email protected] TABLE OF CONTENTS Page: Executive Summary 2 Introduction 3 Literature Review 4 Materials and Methods 5 Stickies Test Methods: Macro Stickies Tests 5 Stickies Test Methods: Micro Stickies Tests 8 Materials for Testing 10 Results and Discussion 12 Macro-stickies Results 12 Micro-stickies Results 17 Evaluations of Stream-lined Tests 21 Estimates of Time and Labor Necessary for the Various 22 Stickies Test Methods. Evaluation of Stickies Removal Across a Water Clarifier 24 Overall Stickies Test Methods Recommendations for 25 Various Applications in an OCC Recycle Mill Conclusions 29 Figures 30 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This project involves critically evaluating different test methods for their ability to detect stickies contaminants in old corrugated container (OCC) recycling plants. Tests were broadly classified as either macro or micro stickies test methods based on standard industrial terms. The macro stickies test methods evaluated were a bleaching and dyeing of handsheets, Port Townsend Method 1 (involves dyeing handsheets with black dye followed by image analysis), Port Townsend Method 2 (involves dyeing lab-screened rejects on filter pads with black dye followed by image analysis), Tappi Method 277 (involves pressing lab- screened rejects against a white coated material that transfers to stickies followed by image analysis), and a deposition method in which stickies are deposited onto a sample of a paper machine wire. -
Value Chains for Production of Renewable Transportation Fuels Using Intermediates - Case Studies for Bio-Oils in Refinery Applications and Bio-Sng
REPORT f3 2016:05 VALUE CHAINS FOR PRODUCTION OF RENEWABLE TRANSPORTATION FUELS USING INTERMEDIATES - CASE STUDIES FOR BIO-OILS IN REFINERY APPLICATIONS AND BIO-SNG Report from an f3 project June 2016 Authors: Marie Anheden, Christian Ehn & Valeria Lundberg, INNVENTIA AB Karin Pettersson, Chalmers University of Technology Malin Fugelsang & Carl Johan Hjerpe, ÅF Industri AB Åsa Håkansson, Preem AB Ingemar Gunnarsson, Göteborg Energi AB VALUE CHAINS FOR PRODUCTION OF RENEWABLE TRANSPORTATION FUELS USING INTERMEDIATES PREFACE This report is the result of a collaborative project within the Swedish Knowledge Centre for Renewa- ble Transportation Fuels (f3). f3 is a networking organization, which focuses on development of envi- ronmentally, economically and socially sustainable renewable fuels, and Provides a broad, scientifically based and trustworthy source of knowledge for industry, gov- ernments and public authorities, Carries through system oriented research related to the entire renewable fuels value chain, Acts as national platform stimulating interaction nationally and internationally. f3 partners include Sweden’s most active universities and research institutes within the field, as well as a broad range of industry companies with high relevance. f3 has no political agenda and does not con- duct lobbying activities for specific fuels or systems, nor for the f3 partners’ respective areas of inter- est. The f3 centre is financed jointly by the centre partners, the Swedish Energy Agency and the region of Västra Götaland. f3 also receives funding from Vinnova (Sweden’s innovation agency) as a Swedish advocacy platform towards Horizon 2020. Chalmers Industriteknik (CIT) functions as the host of the f3 organization (see www.f3centre.se). The project is financed and carried out within the f3 - Energimyndigheten (Swedish Energy Agency) collaborative research program “Förnybara drivmedel och system” (Renewable transportation fuels and systems). -
TECHNICAL REPORT – PATENT ANALYSIS Enhancing Productivity in the Indian Paper and Pulp Sector
TECHNICAL REPORT – PATENT ANALYSIS Enhancing Productivity in the Indian Paper and Pulp Sector 2018 TABLE OF contEnts ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 10 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 11 1 INTRODUCTION 13 2 OVERVIEW OF THE PULP AND PAPER SECTOR 15 2.1. Status of the Indian Paper Industry 15 2.2. Overview of the Pulp and Papermaking Process 20 2.3. Patenting in the Paper and Pulp Industry: A Historical Perspective 22 2.4. Environmental Impact of the Pulp and Paper Industry 25 3 METHODOLOGY 27 3.1. Search Strategy 27 4 ANALYSIS OF PATENT DOCUMENTS USING GPI 31 4.1. Papermaking; Production of Cellulose (IPC or CPC class D21) 31 4.2. Analysis of Patenting Activity in Different Technology Areas using GPI 38 5 ANALYSIS OF THE INDIAN PATENT SCENARIO WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF THIS REPORT 81 5.1. Analysis of Patents Filed in India 81 6 CONCLUDING REMARKS 91 REFERENCES 93 ANNEXURE 94 Annexure 1. Technologies related to paper manufacturing 94 Annexure 2. Sustainable/green technologies related to pulp and paper sector 119 Annexure 3. Emerging Technology Areas 127 List OF FIGURES Figure 2.1: Geographical Spread of Figure 4.11: (d) Applicant vs. Date of Indian Paper Mills .................................16 Priority Graph: Paper-Making Machines Figure 2.2: Share of Different Segments and Methods ........................................42 in Total Paper Production .......................19 Figure 4.11: (e) Applicant vs. Date of Figure 2.3: Variety Wise Production of Priority Graph: Calendars and Accessories ..43 Paper from Different Raw Materials ........19 Figure 4.11: (f) Applicant vs. Date of Figure 2.4: Different Varieties of Paper Priority Graph: Pulp or Paper Comprising Made from Various Raw Materials ..........19 Synthetic Cellulose or Non-Cellulose Fibres ..43 Figure 2.5: Diagram of a Process Block Figure 4.11: (g) Applicant vs. -
Adhesive Contaminants (Stickies) and Methods for Removal
257 ADHESIVE CONTAMINANTS (STICKIES) AND METHODS FOR REMOVAL JOHN H. KLUNGNESS* AND MAHENDHA R. DOSHI** *USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI 53705 **D~shi & Associates Inc.. Marathon Engineers/Architects/Planners, Inc. Appleton, WI ABSTRACT A variety of adhesive contaminants (“stickies”) are encountered in wastepapers. They are broadly classified as hot melts, pressure-sensitive adhesives, and lattices. Their properties and control methods are discussed. Specifically, control methods include furnish selection, improved pulping end deflaking. well-designed screening end cleaning systems, and dispersion end additives to detackify or stabilize stickies, or both. A new technology is also discussed regarding it’s possible application for controlling stickie contaminants. Test methods for measuring stickies are also reviewed. INTRODUCTION Large amounts of wastepaper are generated every day in the United States and interest in its reuse has increased steadily due to environmental concerns and improved economics. In 1990, for example, 28.9 million tons of wastepaper were collected for recycling. By 1995, that amount is expected to increase to almost 40 million tons with a collection rate of almost 40% [1]. To facilitate the use of secondary fibers, sticky contaminants, or "stickies,” must be controlled [2]. CLASSIFICATION AND PROPERTIES OF STICKIES Wastepaper bales usually contain extraneous materials such as sand, glass, staples, nails, inks, coatings, plastic, styrofoam, wax, EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate), SBR (styrene butadiene rubber), etc. A particularly troublesome contaminant in wastepaper is “stickies” which, in their original state, were used as paper adhesives. Inks end coatings can also be a source of stickies. Four primary components of inks include pigment, vehicle, binder, and modifier. -
Enzymatic Stickies Control in MOW, OCC, and ONP Furnishes
James W. Fitzhenry Philip M. Hoekstra Dan Glover Senior Development Specialist Development Group Manager Project Manager Buckman Laboratories Buckman Laboratories Buckman Laboratories 1256 N. Mclean Blvd. 1256 N. Mclean Blvd 1256 N. Mclean Blvd Memphis, TN 38108 Memphis, TN 38108 Memphis, TN 38108 . Abstract Stickies remain as one of the major obstacles in the manufacture of quality paper using recycled fiber sources such as OCC, MOW, and ONP. A combination of proper water clarification, effective screening and cleaning practices, and low impact repulping will allow for the mechanical removal of a majority of stickies. However, stickie contaminants often remain in the process even after peak mechanical efficiencies for stickies removal are attained. The chemical control of stickies is the next tool for a papermaker's use. Some new effective tools in this arena are enzymes. Enzymes are gaining wider acceptance in the pulp and paper industry for a variety of applications such as pulp mill and paper machine boilouts, deposit control by dispersion of accumulated slime, pitch control, drainage assistance as well as other uses. A recent area of research involves using enzymes for the control of stickies. This paper describes laboratory work done in the search for an enzyme that will act on stickies. Evidence of action on stickies could be shown if the enzyme reduced either the size or the number of stickies. Laboratory data has provided this evidence. We will discuss work done on a number of different furnishes, and the effect of enzymes in reduction of stickies. Introduction Secondary fiber contaminants are a major issue in most recycled mills throughout the U.S., as the amount of recycled fibers such as mixed office waste (MOW), old corrugated containers (OCC), and old newsprint (ONP) used per ton of paper produced increases across the country (1). -
Size Distribution Analysis of Microstickies Treated by Enzyme Mixtures in Papermaking Whitewater YANAN TANG, BO LI, SHENGFANG GENG, CARL HOUTMAN, and SHUBIN WU
PEER-REVIEWED RECYCLING Size distribution analysis of microstickies treated by enzyme mixtures in papermaking whitewater YANAN TANG, BO LI, SHENGFANG GENG, CARL HOUTMAN, AND SHUBIN WU ABSTRACT: Microstickies present a formidable challenge for papermakers. Many strategies have been explored to control them. Enzyme treatment is a promising technology, but the mechanism of its action has not been deter- mined, thus inhibiting further application of this new technology. This study investigated characteristics and size dis- tributions of microstickies treated by esterase-cellulase mixtures. Determination of particle size and number was accomplished using a modified flow cytometer, which combined streaming capillary flow, laser-based particle size analysis and fluorescent dye tracing. The results showed that treatment of samples with enzyme mixtures induced size reduction of the larger microstickies. This effect was most dramatic for 1:1 ratios of esterase to cellulase. The treated particles were more stable than untreated ones. The smaller microstickies treated with some ratios of ester- ase and cellulase tended to aggregate over time. The behaviors of microstickies treated by enzyme mixtures were only slightly affected by temperature and shearing action. The surface physicochemical characteristics of these par- ticles indicated that changes of these basic properties affected the whole whitewater system and resulted in a new equilibrium among all the particles. Application: This work provides a new method for controlling microstickies and could serve as a valuable refer- ence for the future application of enzymes in papermaking. he annual global production and consumption of and flotation [20,21]. Removal of the smaller stickies (70%– Tpaper and paperboard have recently reached almost 90% of stickies) is challenging [8]. -
Pfass and Alternatives in Food Packaging (Paper and Paperboard): Report on the Commercial Availability and Current Uses
PFASs and alternatives in food packaging (paper and paperboard): Report on the commercial availability and current uses Series on Risk Management No. 58 1 Series on Risk Management 0 No. 58 PFASs and Alternatives in Food Packaging (Paper and Paperboard) Report on the Commercial Availability and Current Uses PUBE Please cite this publication as: OECD (2020), PFASs and Alternatives in Food Packaging (Paper and Paperboard) Report on the Commercial Availability and Current Uses, OECD Series on Risk Management, No. 58, Environment, Health and Safety, Environment Directorate, OECD. Acknowledgements: The OECD would like to acknowledge the drafting of a consultancy report by Steve Hollins of Exponent International Ltd. upon which this report is based. It was prepared under the framework of the OECD/UNEP Global PFC Group and included the contribution of information by several organisations (see Annex A). The report is published under the responsibility of the OECD Joint Meeting of the Chemicals Committee and the Working Party on Chemicals, Pesticides and Biotechnology. © Photo credits: Cover: Yuriy Golub/Shutterstock.com © OECD 2020 Applications for permission to reproduce or translate all or part of this material should be made to: Head of Publications Service, [email protected], OECD, 2 rue André-Pascal, 75775 Paris Cedex 16, France ABOUT THE OECD 3 About the OECD The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) is an intergovernmental organisation in which representatives of 36 industrialised countries in North and South America, Europe and the Asia and Pacific region, as well as the European Commission, meet to co-ordinate and harmonise policies, discuss issues of mutual concern, and work together to respond to international problems.