Proposta De Subprograma “Territórios Indígenas”
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Uniparental Genetic Markers in South Amerindians
Genetics and Molecular Biology, 35, 2, 365-387 (2012) Copyright © 2012, Sociedade Brasileira de Genética. Printed in Brazil www.sbg.org.br Review Article Uniparental genetic markers in South Amerindians Rafael Bisso-Machado, Maria Cátira Bortolini and Francisco Mauro Salzano Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Abstract A comprehensive review of uniparental systems in South Amerindians was undertaken. Variability in the Y-chro- mosome haplogroups were assessed in 68 populations and 1,814 individuals whereas that of Y-STR markers was assessed in 29 populations and 590 subjects. Variability in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup was exam- ined in 108 populations and 6,697 persons, and sequencing studies used either the complete mtDNA genome or the highly variable segments 1 and 2. The diversity of the markers made it difficult to establish a general picture of Y-chromosome variability in the populations studied. However, haplogroup Q1a3a* was almost always the most prevalent whereas Q1a3* occurred equally in all regions, which suggested its prevalence among the early coloniz- ers. The STR allele frequencies were used to derive a possible ancient Native American Q-clade chromosome haplotype and five of six STR loci showed significant geographic variation. Geographic and linguistic factors moder- ately influenced the mtDNA distributions (6% and 7%, respectively) and mtDNA haplogroups A and D correlated pos- itively and negatively, respectively, with latitude. The data analyzed here provide rich material for understanding the biological history of South Amerindians and can serve as a basis for comparative studies involving other types of data, such as cultural data. -
Indigenous and Tribal People's Rights Over Their Ancestral Lands
INTER‐AMERICAN COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS OEA/Ser.L/V/II. Doc. 56/09 30 December 2009 Original: Spanish INDIGENOUS AND TRIBAL PEOPLES’ RIGHTS OVER THEIR ANCESTRAL LANDS AND NATURAL RESOURCES Norms and Jurisprudence of the Inter‐American Human Rights System 2010 Internet: http://www.cidh.org E‐mail: [email protected] OAS Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data Derechos de los pueblos indígenas y tribales sobre sus tierras ancestrales y recursos naturales: Normas y jurisprudencia del sistema interamericano de derechos humanos = Indigenous and tribal people’s rights over their ancestral lands and natural resources: Norms and jurisprudence of the Inter‐American human rights system / [Inter‐American Commission on Human Rights.] p. ; cm. (OEA documentos oficiales ; OEA/Ser.L)(OAS official records ; OEA/Ser.L) ISBN 978‐0‐8270‐5580‐3 1. Human rights‐‐America. 2. Indigenous peoples‐‐Civil rights‐‐America. 3. Indigenous peoples‐‐Land tenure‐‐America. 4. Indigenous peoples‐‐Legal status, laws, etc.‐‐America. 5. Natural resources‐‐Law and legislation‐‐America. I. Inter‐American Commission on Human Rights. II Series. III. Series. OAS official records ; OEA/Ser.L. OEA/Ser.L/V/II. Doc.56/09 Document published thanks to the financial support of Denmark and Spain Positions herein expressed are those of the Inter‐American Commission on Human Rights and do not reflect the views of Denmark or Spain Approved by the Inter‐American Commission on Human Rights on December 30, 2009 INTER‐AMERICAN COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS MEMBERS Luz Patricia Mejía Guerrero Víctor E. Abramovich Felipe González Sir Clare Kamau Roberts Paulo Sérgio Pinheiro Florentín Meléndez Paolo G. Carozza ****** Executive Secretary: Santiago A. -
The Hispanization of Chamacoco Syntax
DOI: 10.26346/1120-2726-170 The hispanization of Chamacoco syntax Luca Ciucci Language and Culture Research Centre, James Cook University, Australia <[email protected]> This paper investigates contact-driven syntactic change in Chamacoco (a.k.a. Ɨshɨr ahwoso), a Zamucoan language with about 2,000 speakers in Paraguay. Chamacoco syntax was originally characterized by a low number of conjunc- tions, like its cognate Ayoreo. Although Chamacoco shows transfers from other neighboring languages, a turning point in language change was the beginning of regular contacts with Western society around the year 1885. Since then, Spanish has exerted a growing influence on Chamacoco, affecting all levels of linguistic analysis. Most speakers are today Chamacoco-Spanish bilingual, and the lan- guage is endangered. Chamacoco has borrowed some conjunctions from Spanish, and new clause combining strategies have replaced older syntactic structures. Other function words introduced from Spanish include temporal adverbs, dis- course markers, quantifiers and prepositions. I discuss their uses, the reasons for their borrowing and their interaction with original Chamacoco function words. Some borrowed function words can combine with autochthonous conjunctions to create new subordinators that are calques from Spanish compound subor- dinating conjunctions. This resulted in remarkable syntactic complexification. Chamacoco comparatives, modeled on the Spanish ones, are also likely instances of contact-induced complexification, since there are reasons to surmise that Chamacoco originally lacked dedicated comparative structures. Keywords: Chamacoco, clause combining, comparatives, coordination, function words, language contact, South American Indigenous languages, subordination, syntax, Zamucoan. 1. Introduction This study analyzes the influence exerted by Spanish on the syntax of Chamacoco, a Zamucoan language of northern Paraguay. -
Modes of Dispossession of Indigenous Lands and Territories in Africa
Modes of Dispossession of Indigenous Lands and Territories in Africa Elifuraha I. Laltaika1 and Kelly M. Askew2 I. Background and context3 The 2003 Report of Working Group on Indigenous Populations/Communities (WGIP) of the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACHPR) recognized the existence of multiple indigenous peoples in Africa primarily consisting of pastoralists (e.g., Pokot, Maasai, Barbaig, Karamajong, Samburu, Turkana, Afar, Borana, Tuareg, and Fulani) and hunter-gatherers (e.g., Batwa, Hadzabe, Ogiek and San). These peoples require access to land and water resources in their ancestral territories to pursue their legally protected ways of life per the 2007 UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP). However, powerful transnational corporations and conservation organizations—both typically aligned with local political and economic elites—were already identified in the 2003 WGIP report as a threat to indigenous lands, resources and livelihoods: Dispossession of land and natural resources is a major human rights problem for indigenous peoples. They have in so many cases been pushed out of their traditional areas to give way for the economic interests of other more dominant groups and to large scale development initiatives that tend to destroy their lives and cultures rather than improve their situation. Establishment of protected areas and national parks have impoverished indigenous pastoralist and hunter-gatherer communities, made them vulnerable and unable to cope with environmental uncertainty and in many cases even displaced them. Large-scale extraction of natural resources such as logging, mining, dam construction, oil drilling and pipeline construction have had very negative impacts on the livelihoods of indigenous pastoralist and hunter-gatherer communities in Africa. -
WWF Contribution to the Thematic Report of the UN Special Rapporteur on Healthy Ecosystems and Human Rights : Sustaining the Foundations of Life
WWF Contribution to the Thematic Report of the UN Special Rapporteur on Healthy Ecosystems and Human Rights : Sustaining the foundations of life Introduction The report of the Special Rapporteur on Human rights and associated obligations related to healthy biodiversity and ecosystems comes at a critical juncture. The COVID19 pandemic has more clearly than ever revealed the deep faults in our global economies and societies: both our staggering inequities and our dangerously unbalanced relationship with nature. We have an opportunity to build a green and just recovery. Ensuring global recognition of the tight bond between human rights and environmental health can leverage the sustainable decisions and actions we need to achieve that. This WWF contribution to the Special Rapporteur’s report aims to support that ambition, one we are equally committed to. It includes contributions from multiple offices across the WWF network.1 Responses to the Special Rapporteur’s questions on healthy ecosystems and human rights. Q.1: Please provide examples of ways in which declining biodiversity and degraded ecosystems are already having adverse impacts on human rights. Declining biodiversity and degraded ecosystems have far reaching and diverse impacts on human rights across the world. Nature degradation, declining natural spaces and degradation of water catchment areas greatly impact the right to a clean and healthy environment and the right to clean water (Examples in Annex: Kenya, Australia, Brazil, Argentina). Declining wildlife populations and destructive fishing practices threaten the right to food and food security for communities whose livelihoods depend on biodiversity (Example in Annex: Malaysia); poaching and unrest can have severe impacts on the security of communities and indigenous populations (Example in Annex: DRC). -
Ministério Da Educação Fundação Universidade
MINISTÉRIO DA EDUCAÇÃO FUNDAÇÃO UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE RONDÔNIA – UNIR DEPARTAMENTO DE EDUCAÇÃO INTERCULTURAL – DEINTER CURSO DE ESPECIALIZAÇÃO EM EDUCAÇÃO ESCOLAR INDÍGENA EDITAL Nº 001/2017 HOMOLOGAÇÃO FINAL DE INSCRIÇÕES APÓS PRAZO DE RECURSO NOME COMPLETO POVO INDÍGENA ATUA NA EEI SITUAÇÃO DA INSCRIÇÃO ADELAIDE APARECIDA CHUE URUPE CHIQUITANO Sim Homologada AGNALDO ZAWANDU ZORO ZORO Sim Homologada ALESSANDRA MONTEIRO PINHO MAKURAP MAKURAP Sim Homologada ALEXANDRE SURUÍ PAITER SURUÍ Sim Homologada Não homologada ALUÍZIO MOREIRA DE SOUSA Não indígena Sim (Não atende ao item 2.1 do edital) ANDRÉ JABOTI DJEOROMITXI Sim Homologada ANEMÃ IRUN CINTA LARGA CINTA LARGA Sim Homologada ARIRAM CAO ORAJE CAO ORAJE Sim Homologada AUGUSTO CINTA LARGA CINTA LARGA Sim Homologada CARLOS AIKANÃ AIKANA Sim Homologada CLEIDE ADRIANA DA SILVA TERENA NAMBIKWARA Sim Homologada CRISTIANE AMBÉ GAVIÃO GAVIÃO Sim Homologada Não homologada DAIANE DE LOURDES ALVES Não indígena Não (Não atende ao item 2.1 do edital) Não homologada DÉBORA CRISTINA DOS SANTOS ARAÚJO Não indígena Não (Não atende ao item 2.1 do edital) EDELAINE MARIA KARITIANA KARITIANA Sim Homologada EDNA LUIZA ALVES YAWANAWA YAWANAWA Sim Homologada EDNA TOMPAM CAO OROWAJE CAO OROWAJE Sim Homologada EDSON SABANÊ SABANÊ Sim Homologada Não homologada FABRÍCIO GATAGON SURUI SURUI PAITER Não (Não atende ao item 2.1 do edital) FERNANDO MARIA DUARTE KANOÉ Sim Homologada FRANCISCO MEIRELLES NAMALOTA SURUÍ PAITER SURUÍ Sim Homologada GEOVANE TUPARI TUPARI Sim Homologada Não homologada GISANIA DOS SANTOS -
Captive Communities: Situation of the Guaraní Indigenous People and Contemporary Forms of Slavery in the Bolivian Chaco
INTER‐AMERICAN COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS OEA/Ser.L/V/II. Doc. 58 24 December 2009 Original: Spanish CAPTIVE COMMUNITIES: SITUATION OF THE GUARANÍ INDIGENOUS PEOPLE AND CONTEMPORARY FORMS OF SLAVERY IN THE BOLIVIAN CHACO 2009 Internet: http://www.cidh.org E‐mail: [email protected] OAS Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data Inter‐American Commission on Human Rights. Comunidades cautivas : situación del pueblo indígena guaraní y formas contemporáneas de esclavitud en el Chaco de Bolivia = Captive communities : situation of the Guaraní indigenous people and contemporary forms of slavery in the Bolivian Chaco / Inter‐American Commission on Human Rights. p. ; cm. (OEA documentos oficiales ; OEA/Ser.L)(OAS official records ; OEA/Ser.L) ISBN 978‐0‐8270‐5433‐2 1. Guarani Indians‐‐Human rights‐‐Bolivia‐‐Chaco region. 2. Guarani Indians‐‐Slavery‐‐ Bolivia‐‐Chaco region. 3. Indigenous peoples‐‐Slavery‐‐Bolivia‐‐Chaco region. 4. Indigenous peoples‐‐Human rights‐‐Bolivia. 5. Indigenous peoples‐‐Civil rights‐‐ Bolivia. I. Title. II Series. III. Series. OAS official records ; OEA/Ser.L. OEA/Ser.L/V/II. Doc. 58 Approved by the Inter‐American Commission on Human Rights on December 24, 2009 INTER‐AMERICAN COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS MEMBERS Luz Patricia Mejía Guerrero Víctor E. Abramovich Felipe González Sir Clare Kamau Roberts Paulo Sérgio Pinheiro Florentín Meléndez Paolo G. Carozza ****** Executive Secretary: Santiago A. Canton Assistant Executive Secretary: Elizabeth Abi‐Mershed The IACHR thanks the Governments of Denmark and Spain for the financial support that made it possible to carry out the working and supervisory visit to Bolivia from June 9 to 13, 2008, as well as the preparation of this report. -
Acervo Digital UFPR
1 UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO PARANÁ SETOR CIÊNCIAS DA TERRA DEPARTAMENTO DE GEOGRAFIA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM GEOGRAFIA ALEX MOTA DOS SANTOS CARTOGRAFIAS DOS POVOS E DAS TERRAS INDÍGENAS EM RONDÔNIA CURITIBA 2014 2 ALEX MOTA DOS SANTOS CARTOGRAFIAS DOS POVOS E DAS TERRAS INDÍGENAS EM RONDÔNIA Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Geografia, Setor de Ciências da Terra, Universidade Federal do Paraná, como parte dos requisitos necessários para a obtenção do grau de Doutor em Geografia. Orientação: Prof. Dra. Salete Kozel CURITIBA 2014 3 Ficha Catalográfica 4 5 DEDICO A memória do meu pai, Clarindo Bispo dos Santos pelo seu amor incondicional, dedicação e pelo sonho do filho doutor! Dele eu lembro que “É tão estranho, pois os bons morrem jovens, assim parece ser quando me lembro de você pai, que acabou indo embora cedo demais...” (adaptado do trecho da música Love in the afternoon – Legião Urbana). À minha querida e linda mãe, Eurides Miranda Mota, companheira, minha inspiração e fonte de amor incondicional que me ensina todos os dias a descoberta da nossa amizade...ela também mudou com este trabalho. Aos povos indígenas de Rondônia, pela amizade e gentilezas. A toda minha família que viveu este sonho comigo,... aos meus alunos e colegas professores que se interessam pela temática de tese! A memória da geógrafa Rosangela das Dores Reis pelo trabalho e contribuição à causa indígena em Rondônia. 6 AGRADECIMENTOS Essa pesquisa não seria possível sem os parceiros e colaboradores, em especial a orientadora de tese, professora Salete Kozel, pela paciência e apoio. Agradeço a colaboração dos colegas, professores e estudantes indígenas que frequentam a Licenciatura Básica Intercultural da UNIR, campus da cidade de Ji-Paraná, dentre eles: Ana Oro Nao’, Isael Xixina Gavião, Luiz Suruí, Carmelita Oro Eo, José Oro Mon, Carlos Aikanã, Alessandra Makurap, Francisco Oro Waram, Nelson Oro Waram, Dorival Oro Não’, Armando Jabuti, João B. -
Peoples in the Brazilian Amazonia Indian Lands
Brazilian Demographic Censuses and the “Indians”: difficulties in identifying and counting. Marta Maria Azevedo Researcher for the Instituto Socioambiental – ISA; and visiting researcher of the Núcleo de Estudos em População – NEPO / of the University of Campinas – UNICAMP PEOPLES IN THE BRAZILIAN AMAZONIA INDIAN LANDS source: Programa Brasil Socioambiental - ISA At the present moment there are in Brazil 184 native language- UF* POVO POP.** ANO*** LÍNG./TRON.**** OUTROS NOMES***** Case studies made by anthropologists register the vital events of a RO Aikanã 175 1995 Aikanã Aikaná, Massaká, Tubarão RO Ajuru 38 1990 Tupari speaking peoples and around 30 who identify themselves as “Indians”, RO Akunsu 7 1998 ? Akunt'su certain population during a large time period, which allows us to make RO Amondawa 80 2000 Tupi-Gurarani RO Arara 184 2000 Ramarama Karo even though they are Portuguese speaking. Two-hundred and sixteen RO Arikapu 2 1999 Jaboti Aricapu a few analyses about their populational dynamics. Such is the case, for RO Arikem ? ? Arikem Ariken peoples live in ‘Indian Territories’, either demarcated or in the RO Aruá 6 1997 Tupi-Mondé instance, of the work about the Araweté, made by Eduardo Viveiros de RO Cassupá ? ? Português RO/MT Cinta Larga 643 1993 Tupi-Mondé Matétamãe process of demarcation, and also in urban areas in the different RO Columbiara ? ? ? Corumbiara Castro. In his book (Araweté: o povo do Ipixuna – CEDI, 1992) there is an RO Gavião 436 2000 Tupi-Mondé Digüt RO Jaboti 67 1990 Jaboti regions of Brazil. The lands of some 30 groups extend across national RO Kanoe 84 1997 Kanoe Canoe appendix with the populational data registered by others, since the first RO Karipuna 20 2000 Tupi-Gurarani Caripuna RO Karitiana 360 2000 Arikem Caritiana burder, for ex.: 8,500 Ticuna live in Peru and Colombia while 32,000 RO Kwazá 25 1998 Língua isolada Coaiá, Koaiá contact with this people in 1976. -
Custodians of Culture and Biodiversity
Custodians of culture and biodiversity Indigenous peoples take charge of their challenges and opportunities Anita Kelles-Viitanen for IFAD Funded by the IFAD Innovation Mainstreaming Initiative and the Government of Finland The opinions expressed in this manual are those of the authors and do not nec - essarily represent those of IFAD. The designations employed and the presenta - tion of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IFAD concerning the legal status of any country, terri - tory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The designations “developed” and “developing” countries are in - tended for statistical convenience and do not necessarily express a judgement about the stage reached in the development process by a particular country or area. This manual contains draft material that has not been subject to formal re - view. It is circulated for review and to stimulate discussion and critical comment. The text has not been edited. On the cover, a detail from a Chinese painting from collections of Anita Kelles-Viitanen CUSTODIANS OF CULTURE AND BIODIVERSITY Indigenous peoples take charge of their challenges and opportunities Anita Kelles-Viitanen For IFAD Funded by the IFAD Innovation Mainstreaming Initiative and the Government of Finland Table of Contents Executive summary 1 I Objective of the study 2 II Results with recommendations 2 1. Introduction 2 2. Poverty 3 3. Livelihoods 3 4. Global warming 4 5. Land 5 6. Biodiversity and natural resource management 6 7. Indigenous Culture 7 8. Gender 8 9. -
Brazil Survey Report Outline
A report and comparative-historical look at the Cinta Larga, Suruí, Gavião and Zoró languages Stan Anonby and David J. Holbrook Simon Fraser University [email protected] This study investigates the relationships between four Tupi-Monde languages: Cinta Larga, Suruí, Gavião and Zoró. Two word lists were collected from each of these languages, and they were analyzed using the comparative method. The results show that these languages are not genetically related in the way previously supposed. The possible historical reasons and implications of these new findings are discussed. A new genetic tree is proposed to take into account the new analysis Keywords: Brazil; indigenous languages; Tupi-Guarani; Mondé; Amazon; endangered languages 1 Introduction This paper discusses the social situation and language relatedness of four Tupi- Monde languages. It proposes a different genetic tree based on results from using the historical comparative method. It also discusses how an alternative interpretation of history could explain this new subgrouping. This proposal depends on the presupposition that the first split in the Mondé family was when Gavião diverged from the ancestor of the other three languages. Much later, the Gavião and Zoró lived together for a considerable period of time, resulting in their borrowing sounds from each other. 2 Background The Mondé languages (Salamãy, Aruá, Gavião, Cinta Larga, Suruí, and Zoró) are spoken in the southwest of the Brazilian Amazon basin, between the states of Rondônia and Mato Grosso. The groups live in several Indigenous territories, which are surrounded to the east, west, and south by major and minor Brazilian cities and towns. Over the years outsiders have been drawn to this part of Brazil seeking rubber and animal pelts. -
Possessive Inflection in Proto-Zamucoan a Reconstruction
Possessive inflection in Proto-Zamucoan A reconstruction Luca Ciucci and Pier Marco Bertinetto Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa This paper presents a comparative analysis of possessive inflection in the three known Zamucoan languages: Ayoreo and Chamacoco – still spoken in the Chaco area between Bolivia and Paraguay – plus †Old Zamuco, described by the Jesuit father Ignace Chomé in the first half of the 18th century. The comparison allows us to build a plausible reconstruction of Proto-Zamucoan possessive in- flection. Old Zamuco appears to be the most conservative language among the three, while Chamacoco appears to be the most innovative, although it exhibits relics of special importance for reconstructive purposes. Our analysis identifies in Zamucoan a series of features of general interest for the typology of person marking. Keywords: person marking, diachronic reconstruction, possessive morphology, verb morphology, Zamucoan languages, kinship terms, syncretism in person/ number marking, Chaco region 1. Introduction 1 This paper proposes a reconstruction of the possessive morphology of Zamucoan, an underdescribed language family spoken in the Chaco region, between Bolivia and Paraguay. The family consists of three documented languages: Ayoreo, Chamacoco 1. This paper is largely based on the comparative analysis of Ciucci (2016) [2013]. The authors share responsibility for any claims made. The Ayoreo and Chamacoco examples are offered in phonemic transcription (with no delimiting slashes) for ease of reading. The transcriptions of Old Zamuco are based on Chomé (1958 [ante 1745]) as reinterpreted according to our knowledge of Ayoreo and Chamacoco phonology (for a discussion, see Bertinetto 2014 [2009] and Ciucci 2016 [2013]). In the few cases of uncertain interpretation, we added Chomé’s transcription between angled brackets.