118 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST Vol. 46 NOMENCLATURE OF GENTIANOPSIS CRINITA (GENTIANACEAE) James S. Pringle Royal Botanical Gardens P.O. Box 399, Hamilton, ON Canada L8N 3H8
[email protected] ABSTRACT The name Gentiana crinita Froel. and its homotypic synonyms are neotypified by a specimen of the greater or wide-leaved fringed gentian of eastern North America, consistent with the long-estab- lished use of the specific epithet. The greater or wide-leaved fringed gentian, which is native from Georgia north to Maine and Manitoba, was known historically as Gentiana crinita Froel. and is now called Gentianopsis crinita (Froel.) Ma. From a study by Fernald (1923; recently noted by Jarvis 2007), however, it has sometimes been suspected that the epithet crinita might correctly be applicable, instead, to Victorin’s gen- tian, which was originally described as Gentiana victorinii Fernald and is now called Gentianopsis virgata subsp. victorinii (Fernald) Lammers. The latter is endemic to the intertidal flats of the St. Lawrence estuary near Québec City. With research on typification having been stimulated by the Linnaean Plant Names Typification Project, the Flora of North America North of Mexico, and the compilation of databases on type specimens at major herbaria, uncertainty as to the correct name of G. crinita should be resolved, lest the nomenclature of this well-known and much-admired species be disrupted unnecessarily. Gentianopsis crinita, as Gentiana crinita, was the first North American species of the fringed gentians to be recognized taxonomically. Froelich (1796) distinguished this species from the European Gentiana ciliata L. [Gentianopsis ciliata (L.) Ma] by its greater plant size, basally clasping, lanceolate rather than linear leaves, larger and more numerous flowers, dimorphic calyx lobes, and corolla lobes fringed all around rather than only proximally.