The following is a preliminary list of the vascular of City with links to observations, specimens and biological interactions. The list includes ; ; scientific name; common name: status in the New York City flora (native or non-native; extant (for natives), naturalized (for nonnatives), waif, historical or pending, frequency (rare, infrequent, frequent); and notes such as New York state legal protection or invasiveness. The coefficient of conservatism (CoC) value is listed for native . This is a measure of the 's fidelity to particular habitats, where 0 indicates no fidelity and 10 indicates a strong correlation with a narrow habitat range. The CoC values reported here were assigned by the New York Natural Heritage Program and the New York Flora Association.

Lycopodiales Lycopodiaceae Dendrolycopodium obscurum (L.) A. Haines – Flat-Branched -Clubmoss Native (CoC 5); Rare Observations Specimens Interactions Diphasiastrum digitatum (. ex A. Braun) Holub – Southern Ground-Cedar Native (CoC 4); Rare Observations Specimens Interactions Huperzia lucidula (Michx.) Trevis. – Shining Firmoss Native (CoC 5); Historical - Last seen 1900 Observations Specimens Interactions Lycopodiella alopecuroides (L.) Cranfill – Foxtail Bog-Clubmoss Native (CoC 7); Historical - Last seen 1900 Observations Specimens Interactions Lycopodiella appressa (Chapm.) Cranfill – Appressed-Leaved Bog-Clubmoss, Swamp Bog-Clubmoss Native (CoC 7); Historical - Last seen 1941 Observations Specimens Interactions Lycopodiella inundata (L.) Holub – Northern Bog-Clubmoss Native (CoC 8); Rare Observations Specimens Interactions Isoetales Isoetaceae Isoetes engelmannii A. Braun – Engelmann's Quillwort Native (CoC 6); Historical - Last seen 1990 Observations Specimens Interactions Selaginellales Selaginellaceae Selaginella apoda (L.) C. Morren – Meadow Spikemoss Native (CoC 6); Rare Observations Specimens Interactions Selaginella rupestris (L.) Spring – Rock Spikemoss Native (CoC 9); Historical - Last seen 1990 Observations Specimens Interactions Equisetales Equisetaceae Equisetum arvense L. – Field Horsetail, Common Horsetail Native (CoC 2); Frequent Observations Specimens Interactions Equisetum fluviatile L. – River Horsetail Native (CoC 4); Historical - Last seen 1922 Observations Specimens Interactions Equisetum hyemale L. subsp. affine (Engelm.) Calder & Roy L. Taylor – Common Scouring-Rush Native (CoC 2); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Ophioglossales Ophioglossaceae Botrychium dissectum Spreng. – Dissected Grapefern Native (CoC 3); Rare Observations Specimens Interactions Botrychium multifidum (S.G. Gmel.) Rupr. – Leathery Grapefern Native (CoC 3); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Botrychium oneidense (Gilbert) House – Oneida Grapefern, Blunt-Lobed Grape-Fern Native (CoC 5); Historical - Last seen 1893; NYS Threatened Observations Specimens Interactions Botrychium virginianum (L.) Sw. – Rattlesnake Fern Native (CoC 8); Rare Observations Specimens Interactions Ophioglossum pusillum Raf. – Northern Adder's-Tongue Native (CoC 5); Historical - Last seen 1990 Observations Specimens Interactions New York City EcoFlora

Osmundales Osmundaceae Osmunda claytoniana L. – Interrupted Fern Native (CoC 4); Infrequent Observations Specimens Interactions Osmunda spectabilis Willd. – Royal Fern Native (CoC 6); Infrequent Observations Specimens Interactions Osmundastrum cinnamomeum (L.) C. Presl var. cinnamomeum – Cinnamon Fern Native (CoC 6); Infrequent Observations Specimens Interactions Salviniales Salviniaceae Azolla cristata Kaulf. – Mosquito Fern Native (CoC 2); Rare Observations Specimens Interactions Polypodiales Dennstaedtiaceae Dennstaedtia punctilobula (Michx.) T. Moore – Hay-Scented Fern Native (CoC 4); Frequent Observations Specimens Interactions Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn subsp. latiusculum (Desv.) Hultén – Eastern Bracken Fern Native (CoC 3); Infrequent Observations Specimens Interactions Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn subsp. pseudocaudatum (Clute) Hultén – Southeastern Bracken Fern Native (CoC 3); Historical; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Pteridaceae Adiantum pedatum L. – Maidenhair Fern Native (CoC 8); Rare Observations Specimens Interactions Myriopteris lanosa (Michx.) Grusz & Windham – Wooly Lip Fern, Hairy Lip Fern Native (CoC 10); Historical - Last seen 1990; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Pellaea atropurpurea (L.) Link – Purple Cliff-Brake Native (CoC 9); Rare Observations Specimens Interactions Cystopteridaceae Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh. – Brittle Bladderfern Native (CoC ); Rare Observations Specimens Interactions Cystopteris protrusa (Weath.) Blasdell – Lowland Fragile Fern Native (CoC 10); Rare; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Cystopteris tenuis (Michx.) Desv. – Mackay's Fragile Fern Native (CoC 7); Rare Observations Specimens Interactions Gymnocarpium dryopteris (L.) Newman – Fern Native (CoC 8); Historical - Last seen 1990 Observations Specimens Interactions Aspleniaceae Asplenium platyneuron (L.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. – Ebony Spleenwort Native (CoC 5); Frequent Observations Specimens Interactions Asplenium rhizophyllum L. – Walking Fern Native (CoC 10); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Asplenium ruta-muraria L. – Wall-Rue Native (CoC 10); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Asplenium trichomanes L. subsp. trichomanes – Maidenhair Spleenwort Native (CoC 9); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Thelypteridaceae Phegopteris connectilis (Michx.) Watt – Long Beech Fern Native (CoC 7); Historical - Last seen 1990 Observations Specimens Interactions Phegopteris hexagonoptera (Michx.) Fée – Broad Beech Fern Native (CoC 7); Infrequent Observations Specimens Interactions Thelypteris noveboracensis (L.) Nieuwl. – New York Fern Native (CoC 4); Infrequent Observations Specimens Interactions Thelypteris palustris Schott var. pubescens (G. Lawson) Fernald – Marsh Fern Native (CoC 4); Infrequent Observations Specimens Interactions Thelypteris simulata (Davenp.) Nieuwl. – Fern Native (CoC 8); Historical - Last seen 1910 Observations Specimens Interactions Woodsiaceae Woodsia ilvensis (L.) R. Br. – Rusty Woodsia, Rusty Cliff Fern Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions

NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Page 2

New York City EcoFlora

Woodsia obtusa (Spreng.) Torr. – Blunt-Lobed Woodsia, Blunt-Lobed Cliff Fern Native (CoC 7); Frequent Observations Specimens Interactions Onocleaceae Onoclea sensibilis L. – Sensitive Fern Native (CoC 2); Frequent Observations Specimens Interactions Blechnaceae Woodwardia areolata (L.) T. Moore – Netted Chain Fern Native (CoC 10); Rare Observations Specimens Interactions Woodwardia virginica (L.) Sm. – Virginia Chain Fern Native (CoC 9); Rare Observations Specimens Interactions Athyriaceae Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth – Ladyfern Native (CoC ); Infrequent Observations Specimens Interactions Athyrium niponicum (Mett.) Hance var. pictum (Maxwell) Fraser-Jenk. – Japanese Painted Fern Non-Native; Waif Observations Specimens Interactions Deparia acrostichoides (Sw.) M. Kato – Silvery Spleenwort Native (CoC 8); Rare Observations Specimens Interactions Dryopteridaceae Dryopteris carthusiana (Vill.) H.P. Fuchs – Spinulose Wood Fern Native (CoC 6); Rare Observations Specimens Interactions Dryopteris celsa (W. Palmer) Knowlt., W. Palmer, & Pollard – Log Fern Native (CoC 10); Rare; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Dryopteris clintoniana (D.C. Eaton) Dowell – Clinton's Wood Fern Native (CoC 8); Historical - Last seen 1990 Observations Specimens Interactions Dryopteris cristata (L.) A. Gray – Crested Wood Fern Native (CoC 8); Historical Observations Specimens Interactions Dryopteris goldiana (Hook. ex Goldie) A. Gray – Goldie's Wood Gern Native (CoC 9); Rare Observations Specimens Interactions Dryopteris intermedia (Muhl. ex Willd.) A. Gray – Evergreen Wood Fern, Fancy Wood Fern, Common Wood Fern Native (CoC 5); Infrequent Observations Specimens Interactions Dryopteris marginalis (L.) A. Gray – Marginal Wood Fern Native (CoC 6); Infrequent Observations Specimens Interactions Matteuccia struthiopteris (L.) Tod. – Ostrich Fern Native (CoC ); Cultivated Observations Specimens Interactions Polystichum acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott – Christmas Fern Native (CoC 6); Infrequent Observations Specimens Interactions Polypodiaceae Polypodium appalachianum Haufler & Windham – Appalachian Polypody Native (CoC 7); Historical - Last seen 1910 Observations Specimens Interactions Polypodium virginianum L. – Virginian Rock Polypody Native (CoC 7); Rare Observations Specimens Interactions Pinales Pinaceae Pinus echinata Mill. – Short-Leaved Pine Native (CoC 10); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Pinus resinosa Aiton – Red Pine Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Pinus rigida Mill. – Pitch Pine Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Pinus strobus L. – White Pine Native (CoC 3); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Pinus sylvestris L. – Scotch Pine Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Pinus virginiana Mill. – Virginia Pine Native (CoC 3); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carrière – Eastern Hemlock Native (CoC 7); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Cupressales Cupressaceae

NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Page 3

New York City EcoFlora

Chamaecyparis thyoides (L.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. – Atlantic White Cedar Native (CoC 10); Historical - Last seen 1890; NYS Threatened Observations Specimens Interactions Juniperus communis L. var. depressa Pursh – American Common Juniper, Ground Juniper Native (CoC 4); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Juniperus virginiana L. var. virginiana – Eastern Red Cedar Native (CoC 3); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Thuja occidentalis L. – Northern White Cedar, Arbor Vitae Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Taxaceae Taxus baccata L. – Yew Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Taxus canadensis Marshall – Yew, American Yew Native (CoC 9); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Taxus cuspidata Siebold & Zucc. – Japanese Yew Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Cabombaceae Brasenia schreberi J.F. Gmel. – Water-Shield Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Cabomba caroliniana A. Gray – Fanwort Native (CoC 3); Pending; NYS Prohibited; Invasive Observations Specimens Interactions Nymphaeaceae Nuphar advena (Aiton) W.T. Aiton – Intertidal Yellow Pond-Lily, Intertidal Spatter-Dock Native (CoC 4); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Nuphar variegata Durand – Common Yellow Pond-Lily, Common Spatter-Dock Native (CoC 3); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Nymphaea odorata Aiton subsp. odorata – Fragrant White Water-Lily Native (CoC 3); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Saururaceae Saururus cernuus L. – Lizard's-Tail Native (CoC 6); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Aristolochiaceae Aristolochia clematitis L. – Birthwort Non-Native; Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Asarum canadense L. – Wild Ginger Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Endodeca serpentaria (L.) Raf. – Virginia Snakeroot Native (CoC 8); Pending; NYS Threatened Observations Specimens Interactions Isotrema macrophyllum (Lam.) C.F. Reed – Dutchman's-Pipe Non-Native; Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Magnoliaceae Liriodendron tulipifera L. – Tulip Tree, Tulip Poplar, Yellow Poplar Native (CoC 6); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Magnolia acuminata (L.) L. – Cucumber Magnolia Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Magnolia virginiana L. var. virginiana – Northern Sweet-Bay Native (CoC 9); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Annonaceae Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal – Pawpaw Native (CoC 5); Pending; NYS Threatened Observations Specimens Interactions Calycanthaceae Calycanthus floridus L. – Sweetshrub Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Lauraceae Lindera benzoin (L.) Blume – Spicebush Native (CoC 6); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions

NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Page 4

New York City EcoFlora

Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees – Sassafras Native (CoC 4); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Acorales Acoraceae americanus L. – American Sweet Flag Native (CoC ); Cultivated Observations Specimens Interactions Acorus calamus L. – Old World Sweet-Flag Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Araceae Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott subsp. pusillum (Peck) Huttl. – Small Jack-In-The-Pulpit Native (CoC 10); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott subsp. triphyllum – Common Jack-In-The-Pulpit Native (CoC 5); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Arum italicum Mill. – Italian Arum Non-Native; Infrequent; Invasive Observations Specimens Interactions Lemna minor L. – Common Duckweed Native (CoC 2); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Lemna perpusilla Torr. – Flowering Duckweed Native (CoC 4); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Lemna trisulca L. – Star Duckweed Native (CoC 4); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Lemna valdiviana Phil. – Pale Duckweed Native (CoC 10); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Orontium aquaticum L. – Golden-Club Native (CoC 9); Pending; NYS Threatened Observations Specimens Interactions Peltandra virginica (L.) Raf. ex Schott – Green Arrow-Arum, Tuckahoe Native (CoC 6); Frequent Observations Specimens Interactions Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Ten. ex Breitenb. – Asian Green-Dragon Non-Native; Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Pistia stratiotes L. – Water Non-Native; Historical; Invasive Observations Specimens Interactions Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. – Common Duck-Meal Native (CoC 3); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Symplocarpus foetidus (L.) Salisb. ex W.P.C. Barton – Skunk- Native (CoC 5); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Wolffia brasiliensis Wedd. – Brazilian Water-Meal Native (CoC 2); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Wolffia columbiana H. Karst. – Columbian Water-Meal Native (CoC 2); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Alismataceae Alisma subcordatum Raf. – Southern Water-Plantain Native (CoC 4); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Helanthium tenellum (Mart. ex Schult. & Schult. f.) Britton – Mud-Babies, Dwarf Burhead Native (CoC 10); Historical - Last seen 1921 Observations Specimens Interactions Sagittaria engelmanniana J.G. Sm. – Engelmann's Arrowhead Native (CoC 9); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Sagittaria graminea Michx. – Grass-Leaved Arrowhead Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Sagittaria latifolia Willd. – Common Arrowhead Native (CoC 3); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Hydrocharitaceae Elodea canadensis Michx. – Canada Waterweed Native (CoC 2); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Elodea nuttallii (Planch.) H. St. John – Nuttall's Waterweed Native (CoC 3); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Najas flexilis (Willd.) Rostk. & W.L.E. Schmidt – Common Water-Nymph, Common Naiad Native (CoC 3); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Najas minor All. – Eutrophic Water-Nymph, Eutrophic Naiad

NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Page 5

New York City EcoFlora

Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Juncaginaceae Triglochin maritima L. – Sea Arrow-Grass Native (CoC 9); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Triglochin palustris L. – Marsh Arrow-Grass Native (CoC 10); Pending; NYS Threatened Observations Specimens Interactions Zosteraceae Zostera marina L. – Eel-Grass Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Potamogetonaceae Potamogeton berchtoldii Fieber – Berchtold's Pondweed Native (CoC 2); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Potamogeton bicupulatus Fernald – New England Snailseed Pondweed Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Potamogeton crispus L. – Curly Pondweed Non-Native; Rare; NYS Prohibited; Invasive Observations Specimens Interactions Potamogeton diversifolius Raf. – Southern Snailseed Pondweed Native (CoC 10); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Raf. – Ribbon-Leaved Pondweed Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Potamogeton foliosus Raf. subsp. foliosus – Leafy Pondweed Native (CoC 2); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Potamogeton gramineus L. – Grass-Leaved Pondweed Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Potamogeton oakesianus J.W. Robbins – Oakes's Pondweed Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Potamogeton perfoliatus L. – Clasping-Leaved Pondweed Native (CoC 5); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Potamogeton pulcher Tuck. – Spotted Pondweed Native (CoC 10); Pending; NYS Threatened Observations Specimens Interactions Potamogeton pusillus L. – Common Narrow-Leaved Pondweed Native (CoC 5); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Potamogeton spirillus Tuck. – Northern Snailseed Pondweed Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Potamogeton zosteriformis Fernald – Flat-Stemmed Pondweed Native (CoC 5); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Stuckenia pectinata (L.) Börner – Sago Pondweed Native (CoC 2); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Zannichellia palustris L. – Horned Pondweed Native (CoC 7); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Ruppiaceae Ruppia maritima L. – Widgeon-Grass, Ditch-Grass Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Nartheciaceae Aletris farinosa L. – White Colicroot, Unicorn-Root Native (CoC 10); Pending; NYS Threatened Observations Specimens Interactions Dioscoreaceae Dioscorea polystachya Turcz. – Chinese Yam, Cinnamon Vine Non-Native; Naturalized; NYS Prohibited; Invasive Observations Specimens Interactions Dioscorea villosa L. – Wild Yam Native (CoC 6); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Melanthiaceae Amianthium muscitoxicum (Walter) A. Gray – Fly-Poison Native (CoC 10); Historical - Last seen 1911 Observations Specimens Interactions Chamaelirium luteum (L.) A. Gray – Fairy-Wand, Devil's Bit Native (CoC 9); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Helonias bullata L. – Swamp-Pink

NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Page 6

New York City EcoFlora

Native (CoC 10); Cultivated Observations Specimens Interactions Stenanthium leimanthoides (A. Gray) Zomlefer & Judd – Pine Barrens Death-Camas Native (CoC 10); Historical Observations Specimens Interactions Trillium cernuum L. – Nodding Trillium Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Trillium erectum L. – Purple Trillium, Stinking Benjamin Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Trillium undulatum Willd. – Painted Trillium Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Veratrum virginicum (L.) W.T. Aiton – Virginia Bunchflower Native (CoC 10); Historical - Last seen 1885; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Veratrum viride Aiton – False Hellebore, Indian Corn Lily Native (CoC 4); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Colchicaceae Crocus flavus Weston – Non-Native; Naturalized? Observations Specimens Interactions Crocus vernus (L.) Hill – Dutch Crocus Non-Native; Naturalized? Observations Specimens Interactions Uvularia perfoliata L. – Perfoliate Bellwort Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Uvularia sessilifolia L. – Wild-Oats, Sessile-Leaved Bellwort Native (CoC 6); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Smilacaceae Smilax glauca Walter – White-Leaved Greenbrier Native (CoC 6); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Smilax herbacea L. – Common Carrion- Native (CoC 5); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Smilax pseudochina L. – Coastal Carrion-Flower Native (CoC 10); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Smilax pulverulenta Michx. – Powdery Carrion-Flower Native (CoC 10); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Smilax rotundifolia L. – Common Greenbrier Native (CoC 4); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Liliaceae Erythronium americanum Ker Gawl. subsp. americanum – Yellow Trout-Lily Native (CoC 5); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Lilium canadense L. – Canada Lily Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Lilium philadelphicum L. – Wood Lily Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Lilium superbum L. – Turk's-Cap Lily Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Medeola virginiana L. – Indian Cucumber Root Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Orchidaceae Aplectrum hyemale (Muhl. ex Willd.) Nutt. – Puttyroot, Adam-And-Eve Native (CoC 8); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Arethusa bulbosa L. – Dragon's-Mouth Native (CoC 10); Pending; NYS Threatened Observations Specimens Interactions Calopogon tuberosus (L.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. var. tuberosus – Grass-Pink Native (CoC 10); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Corallorhiza maculata (Raf.) Raf. var. maculata – Late Spotted Coralroot Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Corallorhiza odontorhiza (Willd.) Poir. var. odontorhiza – Autumn Coralroot Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Cypripedium acaule Aiton – Pink Lady's-Slipper Native (CoC 5); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Cypripedium parviflorum Salisb. var. pubescens (Willd.) O.W. Knight – Large Yellow Lady's-Slipper

NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Page 7

New York City EcoFlora

Native (CoC 10); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Epipactis helleborine (L.) Crantz – Helleborine, Weed Orchid Non-Native; Frequent; invasive Observations Specimens Interactions Galearis spectabilis (L.) Raf. – Showy Orchid Native (CoC 10); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Goodyera pubescens (Willd.) R. Br. – Downy Rattlesnake-Plantain Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Goodyera repens (L.) R. Br. – Dwarf Rattlesnake-Plantain Native (CoC 9); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Isotria verticillata (Muhl. ex Willd.) Raf. – Large Whorled Pogonia Native (CoC 9); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Liparis liliifolia (L.) Rich. ex Lindl. – Lily-Leaved Twayblade Native (CoC 10); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Liparis loeselii (L.) Rich. – Loesel's Twayblade Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Malaxis bayardii Fernald – Bayard's Adder's-Mouth Native (CoC 10); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Malaxis unifolia Michx. – Green Adder's-Mouth Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Platanthera blephariglottis (Willd.) Lindl. var. blephariglottis – White Fringed Orchid Native (CoC 10); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Platanthera ciliaris (L.) Lindl. – Orange Fringed Orchid Native (CoC 9); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Platanthera clavellata (Michx.) Luer – Little Club-Spur Orchid Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Platanthera cristata (Michx.) Lindl. – Orange Crested Orchid Native (CoC 8); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Platanthera flava (L.) Lindl. var. herbiola (R. Br.) Luer – Northern Tubercled Orchid Native (CoC 3); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Platanthera hookeri (Torr. ex A. Gray) Lindl. – Hooker's Orchid Native (CoC 10); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Platanthera lacera (Michx.) G. Don – Ragged Fringed Orchid Native (CoC 3); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Platanthera psycodes (L.) Lindl. – Lesser Purple Fringed Orchid Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Pogonia ophioglossoides (L.) Ker Gawl. – Rose Pogonia Native (CoC 9); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Spiranthes cernua (L.) Rich. – Nodding Ladies'-Tresses Native (CoC 2); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Spiranthes lacera (Raf.) Raf. var. gracilis (Bigelow) Luer – Southern Slender Ladies'-Tresses Native (CoC 5); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Spiranthes lucida (H.H. Eaton) Ames – Shining Ladies'-Tresses Native (CoC 4); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Spiranthes ochroleuca (Rydb.) Rydb. – Yellow Ladies'-Tresses Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Spiranthes tuberosa Raf. – Little Ladies'-Tresses Native (CoC 10); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Spiranthes vernalis Engelm. & A. Gray – Grass-Leaved Ladies'-Tresses Native (CoC 7); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Tipularia discolor (Pursh) Nutt. – Cranefly Orchid Native (CoC 8); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Hypoxidaceae Hypoxis hirsuta (L.) Coville – Yellow Star-Grass Native (CoC 6); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Iridaceae Iris domestica (L.) Goldblatt & Mabb. – Blackberry-Lily Non-Native; Historical - Last seen 1990 Observations Specimens Interactions Iris prismatica Pursh – Slender Blue Iris, Slender Blue Flag Native (CoC 9); Pending; NYS Threatened Observations Specimens Interactions

NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Page 8

New York City EcoFlora

Iris pseudacorus L. – Yellow Iris Non-Native; Naturalized; NYS Prohibited; Invasive Observations Specimens Interactions Iris versicolor L. – Blue Flag Native (CoC 4); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Iris virginica L. – Southern Blue Flag Native (CoC 5); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Sisyrinchium angustifolium Mill. – Narrow-Leaved Blue-Eyed-Grass Native (CoC 1); Infrequent Observations Specimens Interactions Sisyrinchium atlanticum E.P. Bicknell – Atlantic Blue-Eyed-Grass Native (CoC 1); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Sisyrinchium fuscatum E.P. Bicknell – Coastal Plain Blue-Eyed-Grass Native (CoC 1); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Sisyrinchium montanum Greene – Mountain Blue-Eyed-Grass Native (CoC 1); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Sisyrinchium mucronatum Michx. – Sharp-Tipped Blue-Eyed-Grass Native (CoC 1); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Asphodelaceae Hemerocallis fulva (L.) L. – Orange Day-Lily Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Amaryllidaceae Allium × proliferum (Moench) Schrad. ex Willd. – Walking Onion Non-Native; Waif Observations Specimens Interactions Allium canadense L. var. canadense – Canada Onion Native (CoC 4); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Allium cernuum Roth – Nodding Onion Native (CoC 7); Pending; NYS Threatened Observations Specimens Interactions Allium neapolitanum Cirillo – Naples Garlic Non-Native; Historical Observations Specimens Interactions Allium porrum L. – Garden Leek Non-Native; Historical Observations Specimens Interactions Allium sativum L. var. ophioscorodon (Link) Döll – Hard-Neck Garlic Non-Native; Waif Observations Specimens Interactions Allium schoenoprasum L. – Chives Native (CoC 9); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Allium tricoccum Aiton var. tricoccum – Common Wild Leek Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Allium vineale L. – Field Garlic Non-Native; Frequent; Invasive Observations Specimens Interactions Galanthus nivalis L. – Snowdrop Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Galanthus woronowii Losisnk. – Snowdrop Non-Native; Cultivated Observations Specimens Interactions Leucojum aestivum L. – Summer Snowflake Non-Native; Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Asparagaceae Asparagus officinalis L. – Asparagus Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Convallaria majalis L. – Eurasian Lily-Of-The-Valley Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Hosta ventricosa (Salisb.) Stearn – Blue Hosta Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Hyacinthoides hispanica (Mill.) Chouard ex Rothm. – Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Maianthemum canadense Desf. – Canada Mayflower Native (CoC 5); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Maianthemum racemosum (L.) Link subsp. racemosum – False Solomon's-Seal Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Maianthemum stellatum (L.) Link – Starry Solomon's-Seal Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions

NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Page 9

New York City EcoFlora

Muscari botryoides (L.) Mill. – Common Grape Hyacinth Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Muscari neglectum Guss. ex Ten. – Dark-Flowered Grape Hyacinth Non-Native; Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Ornithogalum nutans L. – Nodding Star Of Bethlehem Non-Native; Cultivated Observations Specimens Interactions Ornithogalum umbellatum L. – Common Star-Of-Bethlehem Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Polygonatum biflorum (Walter) Elliott var. biflorum – Small Solomon's-Seal Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Polygonatum biflorum (Walter) Elliott var. commutatum (Schult. f.) Morong – Large Solomon's-Seal Native (CoC 5); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Polygonatum pubescens (Willd.) Pursh – Hairy Solomon's-Seal Native (CoC 7); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Scilla mischtschenkoana Grossh. – Squill Non-Native; Cultivated Observations Specimens Interactions Scilla siberica Andrews – Squill Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Yucca filamentosa L. – Curly-Leaved Yucca Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Commelinaceae Commelina communis L. – Asiatic Dayflower Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Tradescantia ohiensis Raf. – Ohio Spiderwort Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Tradescantia virginiana L. – Virginia Spiderwort Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Pontederiaceae Heteranthera dubia (Jacq.) MacMill. – Water Star-Grass Native (CoC 5); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Pontederia cordata L. – Pickerelweed Native (CoC 4); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Typhaceae Sparganium americanum Nutt. – American Bur-Reed Native (CoC 4); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Sparganium androcladum (Engelm.) Morong – Large-Fruited Bur-Reed Native (CoC 4); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Sparganium eurycarpum Engelm. ex A. Gray – Giant Bur-Reed Native (CoC 4); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Sparganium natans L. – Small Bur-Reed Native (CoC 10); Pending; NYS Threatened Observations Specimens Interactions Typha angustifolia L. – Narrow-Leaved Cat-Tail Native (CoC 1); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Typha glauca Godr. – Hybrid Cat-Tail Native (CoC ); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Typha latifolia L. – Wide-Leaved Cat-Tail Native (CoC 1); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Xyridaceae Xyris difformis Chapm. var. difformis – Bog Yellow-Eyed-Grass Native (CoC 10); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Xyris torta Sm. – Slender Yellow-Eyed-Grass Native (CoC 10); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Juncaceae Juncus acuminatus Michx. – Sharp-Fruited Rush Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Juncus articulatus L. – Jointed Rush Native (CoC 4); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions

NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Page 10

New York City EcoFlora

Juncus balticus Willd. subsp. littoralis (Engelm.) Snogerup – Baltic Rush Native (CoC 2); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Juncus biflorus Elliott – Large Grass-Leaved Rush Native (CoC 5); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Juncus brachycarpus Engelm. – Short-Fruited Rush Native (CoC 10); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Juncus bufonius L. – Common Toad Rush Native (CoC 1); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Juncus canadensis J. Gay ex LaHarpe – Canada Rush Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Juncus compressus Jacq. – Compressed Rush Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Juncus dichotomus Elliott – Forked Rush Native (CoC 10); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Juncus dudleyi Wiegand – Dudley's Rush Native (CoC 2); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Juncus effusus L. subsp. solutus (Fernald & Wiegand) Hämet-Ahti – Common Soft Rush Native (CoC 2); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Juncus gerardii Loisel. – Black-Grass Native (CoC 9); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Juncus greenei Oakes & Tuck. – Greene's Rush Native (CoC 4); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Juncus marginatus Rostk. – Common Grass-Leaved Rush Native (CoC 4); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Juncus pelocarpus E. Mey. – Brown-Fruited Rush Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Juncus pylaei Laharpe – Pylae's Rush Native (CoC 3); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Juncus scirpoides Lam. – Sedge-Rush Native (CoC 10); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Juncus secundus P. Beauv. ex Poir. – Secund Rush Native (CoC 10); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Juncus tenuis Willd. – Path Rush Native (CoC 0); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Juncus torreyi Coville – Torrey's Rush Native (CoC 2); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Luzula acuminata Raf. var. acuminata – Hairy Wood Rush Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Luzula echinata (Small) F.J. Herm. – Spreading Wood Rush Native (CoC 5); Pending; NYS Rare Observations Specimens Interactions Luzula luzuloides (Lam.) Dandy & Wilmott subsp. luzuloides – Forest Wood Rush Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Luzula multiflora (Ehrh.) Lej. subsp. multiflora – Common Wood Rush Native (CoC 5); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions fluviatilis (Torr.) Soják – River Bulrush Native (CoC 4); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Bolboschoenus glaucus (Lam.) S.G. Sm. – Glaucous Bulrush Non-Native; Pending Observations Specimens Interactions (L.) Palla subsp. paludosus (A. Nelson) T. Koyama – American Saltmarsh Bulrush Native (CoC 8); Pending; NYS Threatened Observations Specimens Interactions Bolboschoenus novae-angliae (Britton) S.G. Sm. – New England Bulrush Native (CoC 10); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Bolboschoenus robustus (Pursh) Soják – Sea-Coast Bulrush Native (CoC 9); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Bulbostylis capillaris (L.) Kunth – Tufted Hair Sedge Native (CoC 0); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions abscondita Mack. – Thicket Sedge Native (CoC 10); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions

NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Page 11

New York City EcoFlora

Carex alata Torr. – Broad-Winged Sedge Native (CoC 9); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Carex albicans Willd. ex Spreng. – White-Tinged Sedge Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Carex albolutescens Schwein. – Greenish-White Sedge Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Carex albursina E. Sheld. – White Bear Sedge Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Carex amphibola Steud. – Eastern Narrow-Leaved Sedge Native (CoC 6); Extant; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Carex annectens (E.P. Bicknell) E.P. Bicknell – Yellow Fox Sedge Native (CoC 1); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Carex appalachica J.M. Webber & P.W. Ball – Appalachian Sedge Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Carex aquatilis Wahlenb. – Water Sedge Native (CoC 9); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Carex argyrantha Tuck. ex Dewey – Silvery-Green Sedge Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Carex atlantica L.H. Bailey subsp. capillacea (L.H. Bailey) Reznicek – Narrow-Leaved Prickly Bog Sedge Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Carex barrattii Schwein. & Torr. – Barratt's Sedge Native (CoC 10); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Carex bebbii (L.H. Bailey) Olney ex Fernald – Bebb's Sedge Native (CoC 5); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Carex bicknellii Britton – Bicknell's Sedge Native (CoC 5); Pending; NYS Rare Observations Specimens Interactions Carex blanda Dewey – Eastern Woodland Sedge Native (CoC 4); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Carex brevior (Dewey) Mack. ex Lunell – Short-Beaked Sedge Native (CoC 5); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Carex bromoides Schkuhr ex Willd. subsp. bromoides – Brome-Like Sedge Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Carex bullata Schkuhr ex Willd. – Button Sedge Native (CoC 9); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Mack. – Bush's Sedge Native (CoC 2); Pending; NYS Rare Observations Specimens Interactions Carex buxbaumii Wahlenb. – Brown Bog Sedge Native (CoC 9); Pending; NYS Threatened Observations Specimens Interactions Carex canescens L. subsp. canescens – Typical Hoary Sedge Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Carex canescens L. subsp. disjuncta (Fernald) Toivonen – Disjunct Hoary Sedge Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Carex caroliniana Schwein. – Carolina Sedge Native (CoC 10); Historical - Last seen 1904; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Carex cephaloidea (Dewey) Dewey – Thin-Leaved Sedge Native (CoC 4); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Carex cephalophora Muhl. ex Willd. – Oval-Headed Sedge Native (CoC 5); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Carex collinsii Nutt. – Collins' Sedge Native (CoC 10); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Carex comosa Boott – Bristly Sedge Native (CoC 4); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Carex conoidea Willd. – Field Sedge Native (CoC 2); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Carex crawfordii Fernald – Crawford's Sedge Native (CoC 4); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Carex crinita Lam. var. crinita – Common Fringed Sedge Native (CoC 3); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Carex cristatella Britton – Crested Sedge

NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Page 12

New York City EcoFlora

Native (CoC 4); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Carex davisii Schwein. & Torr. – Davis' Sedge Native (CoC 8); Pending; NYS Threatened Observations Specimens Interactions Carex debilis Michx. var. rudgei L.H. Bailey – Rudge's Sedge Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Carex deflexa Hornem. var. deflexa – Northern Sedge Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Carex diandra Schrank – Lesser-Panicled Sedge Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Carex digitalis Willd. var. digitalis – Slender Woodland Sedge Native (CoC 5); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Carex eburnea Boott – Bristle-Leaved Sedge Native (CoC 8); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Carex echinata Murray subsp. echinata – Star Sedge Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Carex emmonsii Dewey ex Torr. – Emmons' Sedge Native (CoC 8); Pending; NYS Rare Observations Specimens Interactions Carex extensa Gooden. – Long-Bracted Sedge Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Carex festucacea Schkuhr ex Willd. – Fescue Sedge Native (CoC 3); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Carex flaccosperma Dewey – Thinfruit Sedge Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Carex foenea Willd. – Hay Sedge Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Carex folliculata L. – Long Sedge Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Carex frankii Kunth – Frank's Sedge Native (CoC 1); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Carex glaucodea Tuck. ex Olney – Blue Sedge Native (CoC 6); Extant; NYS Threatened Observations Specimens Interactions Carex gracilescens Steud. – Slender Rich Woodland Sedge Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Carex gracillima Schwein. – Graceful Sedge Native (CoC 3); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Carex granularis Muhl. ex Willd. – Limestome-Meadow Sedge Native (CoC 2); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Carex grayi J. Carey – Gray's Sedge Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Carex grisea Wahlenb. – Gray Sedge Native (CoC 5); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Carex gynandra Schwein. – Nodding Sedge Native (CoC 3); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Mack. – Smooth-Fruited Hirsute Sedge Native (CoC 2); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Carex hirta L. – Hairy Sedge Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Carex hirtifolia Mack. – Pubescent Sedge Native (CoC 5); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Carex hitchcockiana Dewey – Hitchcock's Sedge Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Carex hormathodes Fernald – Marsh Straw Sedge Native (CoC 9); Pending; NYS Threatened Observations Specimens Interactions Carex hystericina Muhl. ex Willd. – Porcupine Sedge Native (CoC 5); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Carex intumescens Rudge – Bladder Sedge Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Carex kobomugi Ohwi – Non-Native; Rare; Invasive Observations Specimens Interactions

NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Page 13

New York City EcoFlora

Carex lacustris Willd. – Lake-Bank Sedge Native (CoC 5); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Carex laevivaginata (Kük.) Mack. – Smooth-Sheathed Sedge Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Carex lasiocarpa Ehrh. subsp. americana (Fernald) D. Löve & J.-P. Bernard – Slender Bog Sedge Native (CoC 9); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Carex laxiculmis Schwein. var. laxiculmis – Spreading Sedge Native (CoC 5); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Carex laxiflora Lam. – Loose-Flowered Sedge Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Carex leptalea Wahlenb. – Bristle-Stalked Sedge Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Carex leptonervia (Fernald) Fernald – Northern Woodland Sedge Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Carex longii Mack. – Long's Sedge Native (CoC 5); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Carex lucorum Willd. ex Link – Long-Beaked Carpet Sedge Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Carex lupuliformis Sartwell ex Dewey – False Hop Sedge Native (CoC 9); Pending; NYS Threatened Observations Specimens Interactions Carex lupulina Willd. – Hop Sedge Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Carex lurida Wahlenb. – Sallow Sedge Native (CoC 4); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Carex meadii Dewey – Mead's Sedge Native (CoC 10); Historical - Last seen 1905; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Carex mitchelliana M.A. Curtis – Mitchell's Sedge Native (CoC 10); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Carex muehlenbergii Schkuhr ex Willd. var. enervis Boott – Muhlenberg's Veinless Sedge Native (CoC 7); Pending; NYS Rare Observations Specimens Interactions Carex muehlenbergii Schkuhr ex Willd. var. muehlenbergii – Muhlenberg's Sedge Native (CoC 7); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Carex muskingumensis Schwein. – Muskinigum Sedge Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Carex normalis Mack. – Large Straw Sedge Native (CoC 1); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Carex ormostachya Wiegand – Northern Red-Based Sedge Native (CoC 4); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Carex pallescens L. – Pale Sedge Native (CoC 1); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Carex pellita Willd. – Wooly Sedge Native (CoC 4); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Carex pendula Huds. – Hanging Sedge Non-Native; Waif Observations Specimens Interactions Carex pensylvanica Lam. – Pennsylvania Sedge Native (CoC 6); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Carex plantaginea Lam. – Plantain-Leaved Sedge Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Carex polymorpha Muhl. – Variable Sedge Native (CoC 10); Historical - Last seen 1926 Observations Specimens Interactions Carex prairea Dewey – Prairie Sedge Native (CoC 9); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Carex prasina Wahlenb. – Elegant Drooping Sedge Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Carex projecta Mack. – Necklace Sedge Native (CoC 4); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Carex radiata (Wahlenb.) Small – Narrow-Leaved Upland Star Sedge Native (CoC 7); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Carex retroflexa Muhl. ex Willd. – Reflexed Sedge

NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Page 14

New York City EcoFlora

Native (CoC 7); Pending; NYS Threatened Observations Specimens Interactions Carex reznicekii Werier – Reznicek's Sedge Native (CoC 8); Extant; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Carex rosea Schkuhr ex Willd. – Common Upland Star Sedge Native (CoC 7); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Carex rugosperma Mack. – Wrinkle-Seeded Sedge Native (CoC 5); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Carex scabrata Schwein. – Rough Sedge Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Carex schweinitzii Dewey ex Schwein. – Schweinitz's Sedge Native (CoC 9); Pending; NYS Threatened Observations Specimens Interactions Carex scoparia Schkuhr ex Willd. – Pointed Broom Sedge Native (CoC 1); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Carex secalina Willd. ex Wahlenb. – Rye-Like Sedge Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Carex seorsa Howe – Weak Stellate Sedge Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Dewey – Dry-Spiked Sedge Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Carex silicea Olney – Beach Sedge Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Carex sparganioides Muhl. ex Willd. – Bur-Reed Sedge Native (CoC 6); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Carex spicata Huds. – Spiked Sedge Non-Native; Rare; Invasive Observations Specimens Interactions Carex sprengelii Dewey ex Spreng. – Long-Beaked Sedge Native (CoC 8); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Carex squarrosa L. – Squarrose Sedge Native (CoC 3); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Carex stipata Muhl. ex Willd. var. stipata – Awl-Fruited Sedge Native (CoC 5); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Carex straminea Willd. – Straw Sedge Native (CoC 10); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Carex striata Michx. – Walter's Sedge Native (CoC 5); Pending; NYS Rare Observations Specimens Interactions Carex striatula Michx. – Lined Sedge Native (CoC 10); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Lam. – Sedge Native (CoC 4); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Carex styloflexa Buckley – Bent Sedge Native (CoC 10); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Carex swanii (Fernald) Mack. – Swan's Sedge Native (CoC 7); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Carex sylvatica Huds. – European Woodland Sedge Non-Native; Rare; Invasive Observations Specimens Interactions Carex tenera Dewey – Early Narrow-Leaved Sedge Native (CoC 2); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Carex tetanica Schkuhr – Rigid Sedge Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Wahlenb. var. tribuloides – Blunt Broom Sedge Native (CoC 4); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Carex trichocarpa Willd. – Hairy-Fruited Sedge Native (CoC 5); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Carex trisperma Dewey – Three-Fruited Sedge Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Carex typhina Michx. – Cattail Sedge Native (CoC 9); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Carex umbellata Schkuhr ex Willd. – Parasol Sedge Native (CoC 5); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions

NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Page 15

New York City EcoFlora

Carex vestita Willd. – Velvet Sedge Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Carex virescens Muhl. ex Willd. – Ribbed Sedge Native (CoC 8); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Michx. – Fox Sedge Native (CoC 2); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Carex willdenowii Schkuhr ex Willd. – Willdenow's Sedge Native (CoC 7); Pending; NYS Rare Observations Specimens Interactions Carex woodii Dewey – Wood's Sedge Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Cladium mariscoides (Muhl.) Torr. – Twig-Rush Native (CoC 9); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Cyperus bipartitus Torr. – Shining Flat Sedge Native (CoC 4); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Cyperus brevifolioides Thieret & Delahouss. – Asiatic Green-Headed Sedge Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Cyperus dentatus Torr. – Toothed Flat Sedge Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Cyperus diandrus Torr. – Umbrella Flat Sedge Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Cyperus echinatus (L.) Alph. Wood – Globe Flat Sedge Native (CoC 8); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Cyperus engelmannii Steud. – Engelmanns' Flat Sedge Native (CoC 9); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Cyperus erythrorhizos Muhl. – Red-Rooted Flat Sedge Native (CoC 6); Pending; NYS Rare Observations Specimens Interactions Cyperus esculentus L. – Common Yellow Nut Sedge Native (CoC 1); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Cyperus esculentus L. var. leptostachyus Boeck. – Common Yellow Nut Sedge Native (CoC 1); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Cyperus filicinus Vahl – Fern Flat Sedge Native (CoC 4); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Cyperus flavescens L. – Yellow Flat Sedge Native (CoC 10); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Cyperus grayi Torr. – Gray's Flat Sedge Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Cyperus iria L. – Rice-Field Flat Sedge Non-Native; Frequent; Invasive Observations Specimens Interactions Cyperus lupulinus (Spreng.) Marcks subsp. lupulinus – Flat Sedge Native (CoC 8); Pending; NYS Threatened Observations Specimens Interactions Cyperus lupulinus (Spreng.) Marcks subsp. macilentus (Fernald) Marcks – Eastern Flat Sedge Native (CoC 4); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Cyperus microiria Steud. – Asian Flat Sedge Non-Native; Frequent; Invasive Observations Specimens Interactions Cyperus odoratus L. – Fragrant Flat Sedge Native (CoC 6); Pending; NYS Rare Observations Specimens Interactions Cyperus polystachyos Rottb. – Many-Spiked Flat Sedge Native (CoC 10); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Cyperus retrorsus Chapm. – Reflexed Flat Sedge Native (CoC 7); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Cyperus schweinitzii Torr. – Schweinitz's Flat Sedge Native (CoC 7); Pending; NYS Rare Observations Specimens Interactions Cyperus strigosus L. – False Yellow Nut Sedge Native (CoC 3); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Dulichium arundinaceum (L.) Britton var. arundinaceum – Three-Way Sedge Native (CoC 8); Rare Observations Specimens Interactions Eleocharis acicularis (L.) Roem. & Schult. – Needle Spike-Rush Native (CoC 4); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Eleocharis ambigens Fernald – Ambiguous Spike-Rush

NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Page 16

New York City EcoFlora

Native (CoC 10); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Eleocharis compressa Sull. var. compressa – Flat-Stemmed Spike-Rush Native (CoC 9); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Eleocharis elliptica Kunth – Elliptic Spike-Rush Native (CoC 5); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Eleocharis engelmannii Steud. var. engelmannii – Engelmann's Spike-Rush Native (CoC 1); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Eleocharis erythropoda Steud. – Red-Footed Spike-Rush Native (CoC 4); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Eleocharis flavescens (Poir.) Urb. var. olivacea (Torr.) Gleason – Olive-Fruited Spike-Rush Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Eleocharis intermedia Schult. – Intermediate Spike-Rush Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Eleocharis obtusa (Willd.) Schult. var. obtusa – Blunt Spike-Rush Native (CoC 2); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Eleocharis ovata (Roth) Roem. & Schult. – Ovate Spike-Rush Native (CoC 9); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Eleocharis palustris (L.) Roem. & Schult. – Common Spike-Rush Native (CoC 5); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Eleocharis parvula (Roem. & Schult.) Link ex Bluff, Nees & Schauer – Salt-Loving Spike-Rush Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Eleocharis quadrangulata (Michx.) Roem. & Schult. – Square-Stemmed Spike-Rush Native (CoC 10); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Eleocharis rostellata (Torr.) Torr. – Walking Spike-Rush Native (CoC 10); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Eleocharis tenuis (Willd.) Schult. var. pseudoptera (Weath.) Svenson – Sharp-Angled Spike-Rush Native (CoC 4); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Eleocharis tuberculosa (Michx.) Roem. & Schult. – Large-Tubercled Spike-Rush Native (CoC 10); Pending; NYS Threatened Observations Specimens Interactions Eleocharis uniglumis (Link) Schult. – Single-Glumed Spike-Rush Native (CoC 8); Pending; NYS Threatened Observations Specimens Interactions Eleocharis wolfii (A. Gray) A. Gray ex Britton – Wolf's Spike-Rush Native (CoC 10); Historical Observations Specimens Interactions Eriophorum gracile W.D.J. Koch ex Roth – Slender Cotton-Grass Native (CoC 10); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Eriophorum tenellum Nutt. – Rough Cotton-Grass Native (CoC 10); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Eriophorum virginicum L. – Tawny Cotton-Grass Native (CoC 9); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Eriophorum viridicarinatum (Engelm.) Fernald – Green-Keeled Cotton-Grass Native (CoC 10); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Fimbristylis autumnalis (L.) Roem. & Schult. – Autumn Fimbry Native (CoC 5); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Fimbristylis castanea (Michx.) Vahl – Marsh Fimbry Native (CoC 10); Pending; NYS Threatened Observations Specimens Interactions Kyllinga pumila Michx. – Annual Green-Headed Sedge Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Rhynchospora alba (L.) Vahl – White Beak Sedge Native (CoC 10); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Rhynchospora capitellata (Michx.) Vahl – Brownish Beak Sedge Native (CoC 5); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Rhynchospora fusca (L.) W.T. Aiton – Sooty Beak Sedge Native (CoC 10); Pending; NYS Rare Observations Specimens Interactions Schoenoplectiella purshiana (Fernald) Lye var. purshiana – Weak-Stalked Bulrush Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Schoenoplectus americanus (Pers.) Volkart ex Schinz & R. Keller – Chair-Maker's Bulrush Native (CoC 9); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Schoenoplectus pungens (Vahl) Palla var. pungens – Three-Square Bulrush Native (CoC 6); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions

NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Page 17

New York City EcoFlora

Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (C.C. Gmel.) Palla – Soft-Stemmed Bulrush Native (CoC 4); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Schoenoplectus torreyi (Olney) Palla – Torrey's Bulrush Native (CoC 10); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions atrovirens Willd. – Dark-Green Bulrush Native (CoC 2); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions (L.) Kunth – Common Wool-Grass Native (CoC 4); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Scirpus expansus Fernald – Wood Bulrush Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Scirpus georgianus R.M. Harper – Bulrush Native (CoC 1); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Scirpus hattorianus Makino – Mosquito Bulrush Native (CoC 1); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Scirpus longii Fernald – Long's Wool-Grass Native (CoC 10); Historical Observations Specimens Interactions Scirpus microcarpus J. Presl & C. Presl – Barber-Pole Bulrush Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Scirpus pendulus Muhl. – Pendulous Bulrush Native (CoC 1); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Scirpus polyphyllus Vahl – Leafy Bulrush Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Scleria muehlenbergii Steud. – Muhlenberg's Nut Sedge Native (CoC 10); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Scleria pauciflora Muhl. ex Willd. – Few-Flowered Nut Sedge Native (CoC 10); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Scleria reticularis Michx. – Netted Nut Sedge Native (CoC 10); Pending; NYS Rare Observations Specimens Interactions Scleria triglomerata Michx. – Whip Nut Sedge Native (CoC 10); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Scleria verticillata Muhl. ex Willd. – Low Nut Sedge Native (CoC 10); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Trichophorum planifolium (Spreng.) Palla – Woodland Club Sedge Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Aegilops cylindrica Host – Jointed Goat Grass Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Agropyron cristatum L. – Crested Wheat Grass Non-Native; Pending Observations Specimens Interactions capillaris L. – Rhode Island Bent Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Agrostis gigantea Roth – Red-Top Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Agrostis hyemalis (Walter) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. – Southern Tickle Grass Native (CoC 3); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Agrostis perennans (Walter) Tuck. – Autumn Bent Native (CoC 4); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Agrostis scabra Willd. – Northern Tickle Grass Native (CoC 3); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Agrostis stolonifera L. – Creeping Bent Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Aira caryophyllea L. var. caryophyllea – Silver Hair Grass Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Aira praecox L. – Spike Hair Grass Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions aequalis Sobol. var. aequalis – Short-Awned Foxtail Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Alopecurus carolinianus Walter – Carolina Foxtail Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions

NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Page 18

New York City EcoFlora

Alopecurus geniculatus L. – Water Foxtail Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Alopecurus myosuroides Huds. – Slender Foxtail Non-Native; Pending Observations Specimens Interactions L. – Meadow Foxtail Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Ammophila breviligulata Fernald – Beach Grass Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Andropogon gerardi Vitman – Big Bluestem Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Andropogon glomeratus (Walter) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. var. glomeratus – Bushy Bluestem Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Andropogon virginicus L. var. virginicus – Broom-Sedge Bluestem Native (CoC 4); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Anthoxanthum nitens (Weber) Y. Schouten & Veldkamp subsp. nitens – Vanilla Sweet Grass Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Anthoxanthum odoratum L. – Sweet Vernal Grass Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Apera spica-venti (L.) P. Beauv. – Silky Bent Grass Non-Native; Pending Observations Specimens Interactions dichotoma Michx. var. dichotoma – Church-Mouse Threeawn Native (CoC 3); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Aristida geniculata Raf. – Kearney's Threeawn Native (CoC 5); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Aristida longespica Poir. – Slender Threeawn Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Aristida oligantha Michx. – Prairie Threeawn, Old-Field Threeawn Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Aristida purpurascens Poir. var. purpurascens – Arrow-Feather Threeawn Native (CoC 5); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Aristida tuberculosa Nutt. – Seaside Threeawn Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) P. Beauv. ex J. Presl & C. Presl subsp. elatius – Tall Oat Grass Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Arthraxon hispidus (Thunb.) Makino – Small Carpet Grass Non-Native; Naturalized; NYS Prohibited; Invasive Observations Specimens Interactions Avena fatua L. – Wild Oats Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Avenella flexuosa (L.) Drejer – Common Hair Grass Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Beckmannia syzigachne (Steud.) Fernald – American Slough Grass Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr. var. curtipendula – Side-Oats Grama Native (CoC 5); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Brachyelytrum erectum (Schreb.) P. Beauv. – Southern Shorthusk Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Briza maxima L. – Big Quaking Grass Non-Native; Pending Observations Specimens Interactions arvensis L. – Field Brome Non-Native; Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Bromus ciliatus L. – Fringed Brome Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Bromus commutatus Schrad. – Hairy Brome Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Bromus erectus Huds. – Upright Brome Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Bromus hordeaceus L. subsp. hordeaceus – Soft Brome Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Bromus inermis Leyss. – Smooth Brome

NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Page 19

New York City EcoFlora

Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Bromus japonicus Houtt. – Japanese Brome Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Bromus latiglumis (Scribn. ex Shear) Hitchc. – Flanged Brome Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Bromus pubescens Muhl. ex Willd. – Canada Brome Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Bromus racemosus L. – Bald Brome Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Bromus secalinus L. – Rye Brome Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Bromus sterilis L. – Barren Brome Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Bromus tectorum L. – Cheat Grass, Downy Brome, Downy Chess Non-Native; Frequent; Invasive Observations Specimens Interactions Calamagrostis canadensis (Michx.) P. Beauv. var. canadensis – Canada Bluejoint Grass Native (CoC 7); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Calamagrostis cinnoides (Muhl.) W.P.C. Barton – Small Reed Grass Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Calamagrostis epigeios (L.) Roth – Feathertop Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Cenchrus longispinus (Hack.) Fernald – Long-Spined Sandbur Native (CoC 5); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Cenchrus tribuloides L. – Dune Sandbur Native (CoC 7); Pending; NYS Threatened Observations Specimens Interactions Chasmanthium latifolium (Michx.) Yates – Inland Sea Oats Native (CoC ); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Chasmanthium laxum (L.) H.O. Yates – Slender Spike Grass Native (CoC 10); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Cinna arundinacea L. – Stout Wood-Reed Native (CoC 7); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Cinna latifolia (Trevir. ex Göpp.) Griseb. – Drooping Wood-Reed Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Coleataenia anceps (Michx.) Soreng subsp. anceps – Beaked Panic Grass Native (CoC 10); Historical - Last seen 1896 Observations Specimens Interactions Coleataenia rigidula (Bosc ex Nees) LeBlond subsp. rigidula – Red-Topped Panic Grass Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Coleataenia stipitata (Nash) LeBlond – Stalked Panic Grass Native (CoC 10); Historical - Last seen 1906; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Corynephorus canescens (L.) P. Beauv. – Club Grass Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. var. dactylon – Grass Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Cynosurus cristatus L. – Crested Dogtail Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Dactylis glomerata L. – Orchard Grass Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Danthonia compressa Austin – Northern Oat Grass Native (CoC 6); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Danthonia spicata (L.) P. Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult. – Poverty Grass Native (CoC 5); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Deschampsia cespitosa (L.) P. Beauv. – Tufted Hair Grass Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Dichanthelium boreale (Nash) Freckmann – Northern Rosette Grass Native (CoC 5); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Dichanthelium boscii (Poir.) Gould & C.A. Clark – Bosc's Rosette Grass Native (CoC 9); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Dichanthelium clandestinum (L.) Gould – Deer-Tongue Rosette Grass Native (CoC 4); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions

NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Page 20

New York City EcoFlora

Dichanthelium columbianum (Scribn.) Freckmann – District Of Columbia Rosette Grass Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Dichanthelium commutatum (Schult.) Gould subsp. ashei (T.G. Pearson ex Ashe) Freckmann & Lelong – Ashe's Rosette Grass Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Dichanthelium depauperatum (Muhl.) Gould – Poverty Rosette Grass Native (CoC 6); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Dichanthelium dichotomum (L.) Gould subsp. dichotomum – Forked Rosette Grass Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Dichanthelium lanuginosum (Elliott) Gould – Slender-Stemmed Rosette Grass Native (CoC 4); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Dichanthelium latifolium (L.) Harvill – Broad-Leaved Rosette Grass Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Dichanthelium lindheimeri (Nash) Gould – Lindheimer's Rosette Grass Native (CoC 8); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Dichanthelium linearifolium (Scribn.) Gould – Linear-Leaved Rosette Grass Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Dichanthelium meridionale (Ashe) Freckmann – Southern Rosette Grass Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Dichanthelium oligosanthes (Schult.) Gould subsp. scribnerianum (Nash) Freckmann & Lelong – Scribner's Rosette Grass Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Dichanthelium polyanthes (Schult.) Mohlenbr. – Many-Flowered Rosette Grass Native (CoC 10); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Dichanthelium scoparium (Lam.) Gould – Velvet Rosette Grass Native (CoC 4); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Dichanthelium sphaerocarpon (Elliott) Gould – Round-Fruited Rosette Grass Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Dichanthelium villosissimum (Nash) Freckmann – White-Haired Rosette Grass Native (CoC 10); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Dichanthelium xanthophysum (A. Gray) Freckmann – Strict Rosette Grass Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koel. var. ciliaris – Southern Crab Grass Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Digitaria cognata (Schult.) Pilg. – Fall Witch Grass Native (CoC 2); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Digitaria filiformis (L.) Koeler var. filiformis – Slender Crab Grass Native (CoC 9); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Digitaria ischaemum (Schreb.) Muhl. – Smooth Crab Grass Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. – Northern Crab Grass Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Diplachne fusca (L.) P. Beauv. subsp. fascicularis (Lam.) P.M. Peterson & N. Snow – Bearded Sprangle-Top Native (CoC 7); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Distichlis spicata (L.) Greene – Salt Grass Native (CoC 9); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. – Eurasian Barnyard Grass Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Echinochloa esculenta (A. Braun) H. Scholz – Japanese Millet Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Echinochloa muricata (P. Beauv.) Fernald var. microstachya Wiegand – Short-Awned American Barnyard Grass Native (CoC 1); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Echinochloa muricata (P. Beauv.) Fernald var. muricata – Long-Awned American Barnyard Grass Native (CoC 1); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Echinochloa walteri (Pursh) Heller – Coast Barnyard Grass Native (CoC 7); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. – Goose Grass Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Elymus canadensis L. var. canadensis – Canada Wild-Rye Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Elymus hystrix L. var. bigelovianus (Fernald) Bowden – Bigelow's Bottlebrush Grass

NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Page 21

New York City EcoFlora

Native (CoC 5); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Elymus hystrix L. var. hystrix – Bottlebrush Grass Native (CoC 6); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Elymus repens (L.) Gould – Quack Grass Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Elymus riparius Wiegand – Eastern Riverbank Wild-Rye Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Elymus villosus Muhl. ex Willd. var. villosus – Downy Wild-Rye Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Elymus virginicus L. var. halophilus (E.P. Bicknell) Wiegand – Coastal Virginia Wild-Rye Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Elymus virginicus L. var. virginicus – Virginia Wild-Rye Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Eragrostis capillaris (L.) Nees – Lace Love Grass Native (CoC 2); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Eragrostis cilianensis (All.) Vignolo ex Janch. – Stink Grass Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees – Weeping Love Grass Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Eragrostis frankii (Fisch., C.A. Mey. & Avé-Lall.) C.A. Mey. ex Steud. – Sandbar Love Grass Native (CoC 2); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Eragrostis hypnoides (Lam.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. – Creeping Love Grass, Teel Love Grass Native (CoC 2); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Eragrostis minor Host – Little Love Grass Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Eragrostis pectinacea (Michx.) Nees var. pectinacea – Tufted Love Grass, Tufted Love Grass Native (CoC 0); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Eragrostis pilosa (L.) P. Beauv. var. pilosa – India Love Grass Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Eragrostis spectabilis (Pursh) Steud. – Puple Love Grass Native (CoC 3); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Festuca filiformis Pourr. – Hair Fescue Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Festuca glauca Vill. – Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Festuca rubra L. subsp. rubra – Red Fescue Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Festuca subverticillata (Pers.) E.B. Alexeev – Nodding Fescue Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Festuca trachyphylla (Hack.) Krajina – Hard Fescue Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Glyceria acutiflora Torr. – Creeping Mann Grass Native (CoC 9); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Glyceria canadensis (Michx.) Trin. – Rattlesnake Manna Grass Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Glyceria fluitans (L.) R. Br. – Water Manna Grass Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Glyceria grandis S. Watson var. grandis – American Manna Grass Native (CoC 4); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Glyceria melicaria (Michx.) F.T. Hubb. – Slender Manna Grass Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Glyceria obtusa (Muhl.) Trin. – Coastal Manna Grass Native (CoC 10); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Glyceria septentrionalis Hitchc. var. septentrionalis – Floating Manna Grass Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Glyceria striata (Lam.) Hitchc. – Fowl Manna Grass Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Holcus lanatus L. – Velvet Grass Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions

NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Page 22

New York City EcoFlora

Holcus mollis L. subsp. mollis – Creeping Velvet Grass Non-Native; Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Hordeum jubatum L. subsp. jubatum – Foxtail Barley Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Hordeum leporinum Link – False Barley Non-Native; Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Hordeum pusillum Nutt. – Little Barley Non-Native; Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Hordeum vulgare L. – Barley Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Kellochloa verrucosa (Muhl.) Lizarazu, Nicola & Scataglini – Warty Panic Grass Native (CoC 10); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Koeleria macrantha (Ledeb.) Schult. – June Grass Non-Native; Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Leersia oryzoides (L.) Sw. – Rice Cut Grass Native (CoC 4); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Leersia virginica Willd. – White Cut Grass Native (CoC 5); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Leptochloa panicea (Retz.) Ohwi brachiata (Steud.) N. Snow – Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Lolium perenne L. subsp. multiflorum (Lam.) Husn. – Italian Rye Grass Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Lolium perenne L. subsp. perenne – Perennial Rye Grass Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Lolium temulentum L. subsp. temulentum – Poison Darnel Non-Native; Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Microstegium vimineum (Trin.) A. Camus – Japanese Stilt Grass Non-Native; Frequent; NYS Prohibited; Invasive Observations Specimens Interactions Milium effusum L. var. cisatlanticum Fernald – Millet Grass Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Miscanthus sacchariflorus (Maxim.) Hack. – Amur Plume Grass, Miscanthus Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Miscanthus sinensis Andersson – Eulalia Non-Native; Naturalized; NYS Regulated; Invasive Observations Specimens Interactions Molinia caerulea (L.) Moench – Purple Moor Grass Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Muhlenbergia frondosa (Poir.) Fernald – Wire-Stemmed Muhly Native (CoC 4); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Muhlenbergia mexicana (L.) Trin. – Wire-Stemmed Muhly Native (CoC 4); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Muhlenbergia schreberi J.F. Gmel. – Nimble-Will Native (CoC 0); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Muhlenbergia sobolifera (Muhl. ex Willd.) Trin. – Rock Muhly Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Muhlenbergia sylvatica (Torr.) Torr. ex A. Gray – Woodland Muhly Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Muhlenbergia tenuiflora (Willd.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. – Slender Muhly Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Panicum amarum Elliott subsp. amarum – Dune Panic Grass Native (CoC 8); Pending; NYS Rare Observations Specimens Interactions Panicum capillare L. subsp. capillare – Common Witch Grass Native (CoC 0); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx. subsp. dichotomiflorum – Smooth Panic Grass Native (CoC 1); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Panicum miliaceum L. subsp. miliaceum – Proso Millet, Broomcorn Millet Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Panicum philadelphicum Bernh. ex Trin. subsp. gattingeri (Nash) Freckmann & Lelong – Gattinger's Witch Grass Native (CoC 5); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Panicum philadelphicum Bernh. ex Trin. subsp. philadelphicum – Philadelphia Witch Grass

NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Page 23

New York City EcoFlora

Native (CoC 5); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Panicum tuckermanii Fernald – Tuckerman's Witch Grass Native (CoC 5); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Panicum virgatum L. – Switch Grass Native (CoC 4); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Paspalum laeve Michx. – Field Bead Grass Native (CoC 10); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Paspalum setaceum Michx. var. muhlenbergii (Nash) D.J. Banks – Hurrah Bead Grass Native (CoC 1); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Paspalum setaceum Michx. var. psammophilum (Nash) D.J. Banks – Sand Bead Grass Native (CoC 10); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Paspalum setaceum Michx. var. setaceum – Thin Bead Grass Native (CoC 10); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Phalaris arundinacea L. – Reed Canary Grass Native (CoC 0); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Phalaris canariensis L. – Annual Canary Grass Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Phleum pratense L. subsp. pratense – Common Timothy Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. – Old World Reed Grass, Old World Phragmites Non-Native; Naturalized; NYS Prohibited; Invasive Observations Specimens Interactions Phyllostachys aurea Carrière ex A. & C. Rivière – Non-Native; Cultivated; NYS Prohibited; Invasive Observations Specimens Interactions Piptochaetium avenaceum (L.) Parodi – Black-Seeded Spear Grass Native (CoC 9); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Pleioblastus distichus (Mitford) Nakai – Non-Native; Cultivated Observations Specimens Interactions Poa alsodes A. Gray – Grove Blue Grass Native (CoC 3); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Poa annua L. – Annual Blue Grass Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Poa bulbosa L. subsp. vivipara (Koeler) Arcang. – Bulbous Blue Grass Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Poa compressa L. – Flat-Stemmed Blue Grass, Canada Blue Grass Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Poa cuspidata Nutt. – Early Blue Grass Native (CoC 10); Historical; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Poa interior Rydb. – Interior Blue Grass Native (CoC 10); Historical; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Poa nemoralis L. – Woodland Blue Grass Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Poa paludigena Fernald & Wiegand – Slender Marsh Blue Grass Native (CoC 10); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Poa palustris L. – Fowl Blue Grass Native (CoC 2); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Poa pratensis L. subsp. angustifolia (L.) Lej. – Narrow-Leaved Kentucky Blue Grass Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Poa pratensis L. subsp. pratensis – Common Kentucky Blue Grass Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Poa sylvestris A. Gray – Forest Blue Grass Native (CoC 8); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Poa trivialis L. subsp. trivialis – Rough-Sheathed Blue Grass Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Puccinellia distans (Jacq.) Parl. – European Alkali Grass Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Puccinellia fasciculata (Torr.) E.P. Bicknell – Saltmarsh Alkali Grass Non-Native; Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort. – Tall Rye Grass Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions

NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Page 24

New York City EcoFlora

Schedonorus giganteus (L.) Holub – Giant Rye Grass Non-Native; Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Schedonorus pratensis (Huds.) P. Beauv. – Meadow Rye Grass Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Schizachne purpurascens (Torr.) Swallen – False Melic Grass Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Schizachyrium littorale (Nash) E.P. Bicknell – Dune Bluestem Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash var. scoparium – Little Bluestem Native (CoC 4); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Setaria faberi R.A.W. Herrm. – Giant Foxtail, Chinese Foxtail Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv. – Foxtail Millet Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Setaria parviflora (Poir.) Kerguélen – Knotroot Foxtail Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roem. & Schult. subsp. pumila – Yellow Foxtail Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Setaria verticillata (L.) P. Beauv. – Hooked Foxtail Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Setaria verticilliformis Dumort. – Barbed Foxtail Non-Native; Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Setaria viridis (L.) P. Beauv. var. viridis – Green Foxtail Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash – Indian Grass Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench subsp. bicolor – Sorghum, Broomcorn Non-Native; Waif Observations Specimens Interactions Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. – Johnson Grass Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Spartina alterniflora Loisel. – Smooth Cord Grass Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Spartina cynosuroides (L.) Roth – Big Cord Grass Native (CoC 9); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Spartina patens (Aiton) Muhl. – Salt-Meadow Cord Grass Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Spartina pectinata Link – Prairie Cord Grass Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Sphenopholis intermedia (Rydb.) Rydb. – Slender Wedge Grass Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Sphenopholis nitida (Biehler) Scribn. – Shiny Wedge Grass Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Sphenopholis obtusata (Michx.) Scribn. – Prairie Wedge Grass Native (CoC 7); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Sphenopholis pensylvanica (L.) Hitchc. – Swamp Oats Native (CoC 9); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Sporobolus clandestinus (Biehler) Hitchc. – Hidden Dropseed Native (CoC 10); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Sporobolus compositus (Poir.) Merr. var. compositus – Rough Dropseed Native (CoC 1); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torr.) A. Gray – Sand Dropseed Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Sporobolus neglectus Nash – Small Dropseed Native (CoC 1); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Sporobolus vaginiflorus (Torr. ex A. Gray) Alph. Wood var. vaginiflorus – Poverty Dropseed Native (CoC 0); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Torreyochloa pallida (Torr.) G.L. Church var. fernaldii (Hitchc.) Dore – Fernald's False Manna Grass Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Torreyochloa pallida (Torr.) G.L. Church var. pallida – Pale False Manna Grass

NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Page 25

New York City EcoFlora

Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Tridens flavus (L.) Hitchc. var. flavus – Purple-Top Native (CoC 0); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Tridens strictus (Nutt.) Nash – Non-Native; Waif Observations Specimens Interactions Triplasis purpurea (Walter) Chapm. var. purpurea – Purple Sand Grass Native (CoC 4); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L. var. dactyloides – Eastern Gamma Grass Native (CoC 5); Pending; NYS Threatened Observations Specimens Interactions Triticum aestivum L. – Common Wheat Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Vulpia myuros (L.) C.C. Gmel. – Foxtail-Fescue Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Vulpia octoflora (Walter) Rydb. var. tenella (Willd.) Fernald – Northern Six-Weeks-Fescue Native (CoC 1); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Zea mays L. subsp. mays – Corn Non-Native; Waif Observations Specimens Interactions Zizania aquatica L. var. aquatica – Southern Wild-Rice Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Zizania palustris L. var. palustris – Northern Wild-Rice Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Ceratophyllales Ceratophyllum demersum L. – Common Coon-Tail Native (CoC 4); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Papaveraceae Argemone mexicana L. – Mexican Prickly-Poppy Non-Native; Waif Observations Specimens Interactions Capnoides sempervirens (L.) Borkh. – Pink-Corydalis Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Chelidonium majus L. – Greater Celendine Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Corydalis incisa Pers. – Purple Keman Non-Native; Rare; Invasive Observations Specimens Interactions Dicentra canadensis (Goldie) Walp. – Squirrel-Corn Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Dicentra cucullaria (L.) Bernh. – Dutchman's Breeches Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Dicentra eximia (Ker Gawl.) Torr. – Eastern Wild Bleeding-Heart Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Fumaria officinalis L. – Common Fumitory Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Macleaya cordata (Willd.) R. Br. – Plume-Poppy Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Pseudofumaria lutea (L.) Borkh. – Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Sanguinaria canadensis L. – Bloodroot Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Stylophorum diphyllum (Michx.) Nutt. – Celandine-Poppy Native (CoC ); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Menispermaceae Menispermum canadense L. – Moonseed Native (CoC 6); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Berberidaceae Berberis thunbergii DC. – Japanese Barberry Non-Native; Frequent; NYS Prohibited; Invasive Observations Specimens Interactions Berberis vulgaris L. – Common Barberry Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions

NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Page 26

New York City EcoFlora

Caulophyllum thalictroides (L.) Michx. – Blue Cohosh, Late Blue Cohosh Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Podophyllum peltatum L. – May-Apple Native (CoC 5); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Ranunculaceae Actaea pachypoda Elliott – White Baneberry, Doll's-Eyes Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Actaea racemosa L. – Black Cohosh, Black Snakeroot, Bugbane Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Actaea rubra (Aiton) Willd. – Red Baneberry Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Anemone acutiloba (DC.) G. Lawson – Sharp-Lobed Hepatica Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Anemone americana (DC.) H. Hara – Round-Lobed Hepatica Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Anemone canadensis L. – Canada Anemone Native (CoC 5); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Anemone cylindrica A. Gray – Long-Headed Anemone Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Anemone quinquefolia L. var. quinquefolia – Wood Anemone Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Anemone virginiana L. – Common Tall Anemone Native (CoC 5); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Aquilegia canadensis L. – Wild Columbine, Red Columbine Native (CoC 5); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Aquilegia vulgaris L. – European Columbine Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Caltha palustris L. – Marsh-Marigold Native (CoC 4); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Clematis ochroleuca Aiton – Curlyheads, Leatherflower Native (CoC 10); Historical - Last seen 1934 Observations Specimens Interactions Clematis terniflora DC. – Yam-Leaved Clematis Non-Native; Frequent; NYS Regulated; Invasive Observations Specimens Interactions Clematis virginiana L. – Virgin's-Bower Native (CoC 3); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Coptis trifolia (L.) Salisb. – Gold-Thread Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Delphinium ajacis L. – Garden Larkspur Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Ficaria verna Huds. – Lesser Celadine Non-Native; Frequent; NYS Prohibited; Invasive Observations Specimens Interactions Ranunculus abortivus L. – Kidney-Leaved Butter-Cup, Kidney-Leaved Crow-Foot Native (CoC 6); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Ranunculus acris L. – Tall Butter-Cup, Tall Crow-Foot Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Ranunculus ambigens S. Watson – American Spearwort, American Crow-Foot Native (CoC 10); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Ranunculus aquatilis L. var. diffusus With. – White Water Butter-Cup, White Water Crow-Foot Native (CoC 9); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Ranunculus bulbosus L. – Bulbous Butter-Cup, Bulbous Crow-Foot Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Ranunculus caricetorum Greene – Northern Swamp Butter-Cup, Northern Swamp Crow-Foot Native (CoC 7); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Ranunculus cymbalaria Pursh – Seaside Butter-Cup, Seaside Crow-Foot Native (CoC 10); Historical; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Ranunculus fascicularis Muhl. ex Bigelow – Early Butter-Cup, Early Crow-Foot Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Ranunculus flabellaris Raf. – Yellow Water Butter-Cup, Yellow Water Crow-Foot Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions

NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Page 27

New York City EcoFlora

Ranunculus hispidus Michx. – Woodland Butter-Cup, Woodland Crow-Foot Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Ranunculus micranthus Nutt. – Small-Flowered Butter-Cup, Small-Flowered Crow-Foot Native (CoC 8); Pending; NYS Rare Observations Specimens Interactions Ranunculus pensylvanicus L. f. – Bristly Butter-Cup, Bristly Crow-Foot Native (CoC 2); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Ranunculus pusillus Poir. – Low Spearwort Native (CoC 10); Historical - Last seen 1894 Observations Specimens Interactions Ranunculus recurvatus Poir. var. recurvatus – Hooked Butter-Cup, Hooked Crow-Foot Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Ranunculus repens L. – Creeping Butter-Cup, Creeping Crow-Foot Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Ranunculus sceleratus L. var. sceleratus – Cursed Butter-Cup, Cursed Crow-Foot Native (CoC 3); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Ranunculus septentrionalis Poir. – Southern Swamp Butter-Cup, Southern Swamp Crow-Foot Native (CoC 8); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Thalictrum dioicum L. – Early Meadow-Rue Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Thalictrum pubescens Pursh – Tall Meadow-Rue Native (CoC 4); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Thalictrum revolutum DC. – Skunk Meadow-Rue Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Thalictrum thalictroides (L.) A.J. Eames & B. Boivin – Rue-Anemone Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Trollius laxus Salisb. – Spreading Globeflower Native (CoC 9); Pending; NYS Rare Observations Specimens Interactions Platanaceae Platanus occidentalis L. – Eastern Sycamore Native (CoC 6); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions sempervirens L. – Boxwood Non-Native; Pending Observations Specimens Interactions terminalis Siebold & Zucc. – Japanese Pachysandra Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Altingiaceae Liquidambar styraciflua L. – Sweet-Gum Native (CoC 6); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Hamamelidaceae Hamamelis virginiana L. – Witch-Hazel Native (CoC 7); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Cercidiphyllaceae Cercidiphyllum japonicum Sieb. & Zucc. ex J.J. Hoffm. & J.H. Schult. bis – Katsura-Tree Non-Native; Rare; Invasive Observations Specimens Interactions Grossulariaceae Ribes americanum Mill. – Wild Black Currant Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Ribes aureum Pursh var. villosum DC. – Golden Currant, Buffalo Currant Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Ribes cynosbati L. – Prickly Gooseberry, Dogberry Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Ribes hirtellum Michx. – Northern Gooseberry Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Ribes rubrum L. – Garden Red Currant Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Ribes uva-crispa L. var. sativum DC. – European Gooseberry Non-Native; Pending Observations Specimens Interactions

NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Page 28

New York City EcoFlora

Saxifragaceae Chrysosplenium americanum Schwein. ex Hooker – Golden-Carpet Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Heuchera americana L. var. americana – American Alumroot Native (CoC 7); Pending; NYS Rare Observations Specimens Interactions Micranthes pensylvanica (L.) Haw. – Swamp-Saxifrage Native (CoC 9); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Micranthes virginiensis (Michx.) Small – Early-Saxifrage Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Crassulaceae Phedimus spurius (M. Bieb.) 't Hart – Rosy Stonecrop Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Sedum acre L. – Biting Stonecrop Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Sedum sarmentosum Bunge – Stringy Stonecrop Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Sedum ternatum Michx. – Woodland Stonecrop Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Penthoraceae Penthorum sedoides L. – Ditch Stonecrop Native (CoC 4); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Haloragaceae Myriophyllum pinnatum (Walter) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. – Cut-Leaved Milfoil Native (CoC 10); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Myriophyllum spicatum L. – Eurasian Water Milfoil Non-Native; Naturalized; NYS Prohibited; Invasive Observations Specimens Interactions Proserpinaca pectinata Lam. – Comb-Leaved Mermaid-Weed Native (CoC 9); Pending; NYS Threatened Observations Specimens Interactions Vitales Ampelopsis glandulosa (Wall.) Momiy. – Porcelain-Berry Non-Native; Naturalized; NYS Prohibited; Invasive Observations Specimens Interactions Parthenocissus inserta (A. Kern.) Fritsch – Thicket-Creeper Native (CoC 2); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch. – Virginia-Creeper Native (CoC 4); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Parthenocissus tricuspidata (Siebold & Zucc.) Planch. – Boston-Ivy Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Vitis aestivalis Michx. – Summer Grape Native (CoC 4); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Vitis labrusca L. – Fox Grape Native (CoC 6); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Vitis riparia Michx. – River Grape, Frost Grape Native (CoC 3); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Vitis vulpina L. – Winter Grape Native (CoC 5); Extant; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Zygophyllaceae Tribulus terrestris L. – Puncture-Weed, Puncture-Weed Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Albizia julibrissin Durazz. – Silktree Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Amorpha fruticosa L. – False Indigo-Bush Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Amphicarpaea bracteata (L.) Fernald – Hog Peanut Native (CoC 5); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Apios americana Medik. – Groundnut

NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Page 29

New York City EcoFlora

Native (CoC 5); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Astragalus neglectus (Torr. & A. Gray) E. Sheld. – Cooper's Milk-Vetch Native (CoC 10); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Baptisia australis (L.) R. Br. var. australis – Blue False Indigo Non-Native; Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Baptisia tinctoria (L.) R. Br. – Wild-Indigo Native (CoC 4); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Cercis canadensis L. – Eastern Redbud, Judas-Tree Native (CoC ); Cultivated Observations Specimens Interactions Chamaecrista fasciculata (Michx.) Greene var. fasciculata – Partridge-Pea Native (CoC 1); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Chamaecrista nictitans (L.) Moench var. nictitans – Wild Sensitive-Plant Native (CoC 1); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Cladrastis kentukea (Dum. Cours.) Rudd – Yellow-Wood Non-Native; Cultivated Observations Specimens Interactions Clitoria mariana L. var. mariana – Butterfly-Pea Native (CoC 10); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Coronilla varia L. – Crown-Vetch Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Crotalaria sagittalis L. – Common Rattle-Box Native (CoC 0); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link – Scotch-Broom Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Desmodium canadense (L.) DC. – Showy Tick-Trefoil Native (CoC 4); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Desmodium canescens (L.) DC. – Hoary Tick-Trefoil Native (CoC 10); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Desmodium ciliare (Muhl. ex Willd.) DC. – Hairy Small-Leaved Tick-Trefoil Native (CoC 5); Pending; NYS Threatened Observations Specimens Interactions Desmodium cuspidatum (Muhl. ex Willd.) Loudon – Large-Bracted Tick-Trefoil Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Desmodium laevigatum (Nutt.) DC. – Smooth Tick-Trefoil Native (CoC 10); Historical - Last seen 1905; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Desmodium marilandicum (L.) DC. – Smooth Small-Leaved Tick-Trefoil Native (CoC 5); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Desmodium nuttallii (Schindl.) B.G. Schub. – Nuttall's Tick-Trefoil Native (CoC 10); Historical - Last seen 1879; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Desmodium obtusum (Muhl. ex Willd.) DC. – Rigid Tick-Trefoil Native (CoC 5); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Desmodium paniculatum (L.) DC. – Panicled Tick-Trefoil Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Desmodium perplexum B.G. Schub. – Confusing Tick-Trefoil Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Desmodium rotundifolium DC. – Round-Leaved Tick-Trefoil Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Galactia regularis (L.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. – Twining Milk-Pea Native (CoC 10); Historical - Last seen 1890 Observations Specimens Interactions Gleditsia triacanthos L. – Honey-Locust Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Gymnocladus dioicus (L.) K. Koch – Kentucky Coffee-Tree Native (CoC 5); Extant; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Hylodesmum glutinosum (Muhl. ex Willd.) H. Ohashi & R.R. Mill – Pointed-Leaved Tick-Trefoil Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Hylodesmum nudiflorum (L.) H. Ohashi & R.R. Mill – Naked Tick-Trefoil Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Lackeya multiflora (Torr. & A. Gray) C. Mohr – Non-Native; Waif Observations Specimens Interactions Lathyrus japonicus Willd. var. maritimus (L.) Kartesz & Gandhi – Beach-Pea Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions

NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Page 30

New York City EcoFlora

Lathyrus latifolius L. – Broad-Leaved Everlasting-Pea Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Lathyrus palustris L. – Marsh Vetchling Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Lespedeza angustifolia (Pursh) Elliott – Narrow-Leaved Bush-Clover Native (CoC 10); Pending; NYS Threatened Observations Specimens Interactions Lespedeza capitata Michx. – Round-Headed Bush-Clover Native (CoC 3); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Lespedeza cuneata (Dum. Cours.) G. Don – Asian Bush-Clover Non-Native; Rare; NYS Prohibited; Invasive Observations Specimens Interactions Lespedeza frutescens (L.) Hornem. – Bushy Bush-Clover Native (CoC 10); Pending; NYS Rare Observations Specimens Interactions Lespedeza hirta (L.) Hornem. subsp. hirta – Hairy Bush-Clover Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Lespedeza procumbens Michx. – Trailing Bush-Clover Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Lespedeza repens (L.) W.P.C. Barton – Creeping Bush-Clover Native (CoC 6); Pending; NYS Rare Observations Specimens Interactions Lespedeza violacea (L.) Pers. – Wand-Like Bush-Clover Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Lespedeza virginica (L.) Britton – Slender Bush-Clover Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Lotus corniculatus L. – Common Bird's-Foot-Trefoil Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Lupinus perennis L. subsp. perennis – Wild Lupine, Sundial Lupine Native (CoC 7); Pending; NYS Rare Observations Specimens Interactions Medicago falcata L. – Yellow Alfalfa Non-Native; Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Medicago lupulina L. – Black Medic Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Medicago sativa L. – Alfalfa Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Melilotus albus Medik. – White Sweet-Clover Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam. – Yellow Sweet-Clover Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Phaseolus polystachios (L.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. – Wild Bean Native (CoC 10); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Pueraria montana (Lour.) Merr. var. lobata (Willd.) Maesen & S.M. Almeida – Kudzu Non-Native; Naturalized; NYS Prohibited; Invasive Observations Specimens Interactions Robinia hispida L. var. hispida – Bristy Locust Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Robinia pseudoacacia L. – Black Locust Non-Native; Frequent; NYS Regulated; Invasive Observations Specimens Interactions Robinia viscosa Vent. var. viscosa – Clammy Locust Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Senna hebecarpa (Fernald) H.S. Irwin & Barneby – Northern Wild Senna Native (CoC 4); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Strophostyles helvola (L.) Elliott – Annual Wooly-Bean Native (CoC 2); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Strophostyles umbellata (Muhl. ex Willd.) Britton – Perennial Wooly-Bean Native (CoC 10); Rare; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Stylosanthes biflora (L.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. – Pencil-Flower Native (CoC 10); Historical - Last seen 1896 Observations Specimens Interactions Styphnolobium japonicum (L.) Schott – Pagoda Tree Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Tephrosia virginiana (L.) Pers. – Goat's-Rue Native (CoC 9); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Trifolium arvense L. – Rabbit-Foot Clover

NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Page 31

New York City EcoFlora

Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Trifolium aureum Pollich – Large Hop Clover Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Trifolium campestre Schreb. – Pinnate Hop Clover Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Trifolium dubium Sibth. – Small Hop Clover Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Trifolium fragiferum L. – Strawberry Clover Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Trifolium hybridum L. – Alsike Clover Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Trifolium incarnatum L. – Scarlet Clover, Crimson Clover Non-Native; Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Trifolium pratense L. – Red Clover Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Trifolium repens L. – White Clover Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Trifolium rubens L. – Non-Native; Waif Observations Specimens Interactions Vicia cracca L. – Tufted Vetch Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Vicia hirsuta (L.) Gray – Tiny Vetch Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Vicia sativa L. subsp. nigra (L.) Ehrh. – Narrow-Leaved Vetch Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Vicia sativa L. subsp. sativa – Common Vetch Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Vicia sepium L. – Hedge Vetch Non-Native; Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Vicia tetrasperma (L.) Schreb. – Lentil Vetch Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Vicia villosa Roth subsp. villosa – Hairy Vetch Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. – Black Eyed Pea Non-Native; Waif Observations Specimens Interactions Wisteria floribunda (Willd.) DC. – Japanese Wisteria Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Wisteria sinensis (Sims) Sweet – Chinese Wisteria Non-Native; Frequent; Invasive Observations Specimens Interactions Polygalaceae Polygala cruciata L. – Cross-Leaved Milkwort Native (CoC 10); Pending; NYS Rare Observations Specimens Interactions Polygala nuttallii Torr. & A. Gray – Nuttall's Milkwort Native (CoC 5); Pending; NYS Threatened Observations Specimens Interactions Polygala sanguinea L. – Blood Milkwort Native (CoC 1); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Polygala senega L. – Seneca Snakeroot Native (CoC 9); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Polygala verticillata L. – Whorled Milkwort Native (CoC 4); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions gryposepala Wallr. – Common Agrimony Native (CoC 4); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Agrimonia parviflora Aiton – Southern Agrimony Native (CoC 3); Pending; NYS Rare Observations Specimens Interactions Agrimonia pubescens Wallr. – Downy Agrimony Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Agrimonia rostellata Wallr. – Woodland Agrimony

NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Page 32

New York City EcoFlora

Native (CoC 8); Pending; NYS Threatened Observations Specimens Interactions arborea (F. Michx.) Fernald – Downy Shadbush Native (CoC 4); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Amelanchier canadensis (L.) Medik. var. canadensis – Coastal Shadbush Native (CoC 7); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Amelanchier laevis Wiegand – Smooth Shadbush Native (CoC 4); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Amelanchier nantucketensis E.P. Bicknell – Nantucket Shadbush Native (CoC 10); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Amelanchier sanguinea (Pursh) DC. – Round-Leaved Shadbush Native (CoC 7); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Amelanchier spicata (Lam.) K. Koch – Dwarf Shadbush Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions arbutifolia (L.) Pers. – Red Chokeberry Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott – Black Chokeberry Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Aronia prunifolia (Marshall) Rehder – Purple Chokeberry Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Crataegus coccinea L. var. coccinea – Scarlet Hawthorn Native (CoC 2); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Crataegus coccinioides Ashe – Kansas Hawthorn Native (CoC 2); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Crataegus crus-galli L. var. crus-galli – Cockspur Hawthorn Native (CoC 2); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Crataegus intricata Lange – Entangled Hawthorn Native (CoC 2); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Crataegus macrosperma Ashe – Large-Seeded Hawthorn Native (CoC 2); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Crataegus monogyna Jacq. var. monogyna – One-Seeded Hawthorn Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Crataegus phaenopyrum Borkh. – Washington-Thorn Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Crataegus pruinosa (H.L. Wendl.) K. Koch – Frosted Hawthorn Native (CoC 2); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Crataegus uniflora Münchh. – One-Flowered Hawthorn Native (CoC 2); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Dasiphora fruticosa (L.) Rydb. – Shrubby-Cinqfoil Native (CoC 9); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Drymocallis arguta (Pursh) Rydb. – Tall-Cinquefoil Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Fragaria virginiana Mill. subsp. virginiana – Common Wild Strawberry Native (CoC 0); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Geum aleppicum Jacq. – Yellow Avens Native (CoC 3); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Geum canadense Jacq. – White Avens Native (CoC 5); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Geum laciniatum Murray – Rough Avens Native (CoC 3); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Geum vernum (Raf.) Torr. & A. Gray – Spring Avens Native (CoC 5); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Geum virginianum L. – Cream-Colored Avens Native (CoC 9); Pending; NYS Threatened Observations Specimens Interactions Kerria japonica (L.) DC. – Japanese-Rose Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Malus baccata (L.) Borkh. – Siberian Crab Apple Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Malus hupehensis (Pamp.) Rehder – Chinese Crabapple Non-Native; Frequent; Invasive Observations Specimens Interactions

NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Page 33

New York City EcoFlora

Malus prunifolia (Willd.) Borkh. – Chinese Crab Apple Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Malus pumila Mill. – Cultivated Apple Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Malus toringo (Siebold) Siebold ex de Vriese – Non-Native; Frequent; Invasive Observations Specimens Interactions Photinia villosa (Thunb.) DC. – Oriental Red-Tip Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Physocarpus opulifolius (L.) Maxim. – Ninebark Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Potentilla argentea L. – Silvery Cinquefoil Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Potentilla canadensis L. – Dwarf Cinquefoil Native (CoC 2); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Potentilla inclinata Vill. – Ashy Cinquefoil Non-Native; Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Potentilla indica (Andrews) Th. Wolf – Indian-Strawberry Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Potentilla intermedia L. – Russian Cinquefoil Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Potentilla norvegica L. – Ternate-Leaved Cinquefoil Native (CoC 0); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Potentilla recta L. – Sulphur Cinquefoil Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Potentilla reptans L. – Creeping Cinquefoil Non-Native; Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Potentilla simplex Michx. – Old-Field Cinquefoil Native (CoC 0); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Prunus × yedoensis Matsum – Non-Native; Infrequent; Invasive Observations Specimens Interactions Prunus americana Marshall – American Plum Native (CoC 2); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Prunus avium (L.) L. – Sweet Cherry Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Prunus cerasus L. – Sour Cherry Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Prunus mahaleb L. – Perfumed Cherry Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Prunus maritima Marshall – Beach Plum Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Prunus padus L. – European Bird Cherry Non-Native; Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Prunus pensylvanica L. f. – Pin Cherry, Fire Cherry Native (CoC 4); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Prunus pumila L. var. depressa (Pursh) Bean – Dwarf Cherry Native (CoC 10); Pending; NYS Threatened Observations Specimens Interactions Prunus serotina Ehrh. var. serotina – Wild Black Cherry Native (CoC 4); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Prunus spinosa L. – Blackthorn, Sloe Non-Native; Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Prunus susquehanae Willd. – Appalachian Cherry Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Prunus virginiana L. – Chokecherry Native (CoC ); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Pyrus calleryana Decne. – Callery Pear Non-Native; Frequent; Invasive Observations Specimens Interactions Pyrus communis L. – Common Pear Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Rhodotypos scandens (Thunb.) Makino – Jet-Bead

NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Page 34

New York City EcoFlora

Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Rosa canina L. – Dog Rose Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Rosa carolina L. subsp. carolina – Eastern Pasture Rose Native (CoC 2); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Rosa cinnamomea L. – Cinnamon Rose Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Rosa lucieae Franch. & Rochebr. ex Crép. – Memorial Rose Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Rosa micrantha Borrer – Small-Flowered Sweet-Briar Rose Non-Native; Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Rosa multiflora Thunb. – Multiflora Rose Non-Native; Frequent; NYS Prohibited; Invasive Observations Specimens Interactions Rosa nitida Willd. – Shining Rose Native (CoC ); Pending - Last seen 0 Observations Specimens Interactions Rosa palustris Marshall – Swamp Rose Native (CoC 9); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Rosa rubiginosa L. – Sweet-Briar Rose Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Rosa rugosa Thunb. – Japanese Rose Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Rosa setigera Michx. – Climbing Prairie Rose Native (CoC 1); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Rosa virginiana Mill. – Virginia Rose Native (CoC 4); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Rubus allegheniensis Porter – Common Blackberry Native (CoC 3); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Rubus bifrons Vest – Himalayan Blackberry Non-Native; Rare; Invasive Observations Specimens Interactions Rubus canadensis L. – Smooth Blackberry Native (CoC ); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Rubus cuneifolius Pursh – Sand Blackberry Native (CoC 10); Historical; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Rubus flagellaris Willd. – Northern Dewberry Native (CoC 1); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Rubus hispidus L. – Swamp Dewberry Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Rubus idaeus L. subsp. idaeus – European Red Raspberry Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Rubus idaeus L. subsp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke – American Red Raspberry Native (CoC 3); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Rubus laciniatus Willd. – Cut-Leaved Blackberry Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Rubus occidentalis L. – Black Raspberry Native (CoC 3); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Rubus odoratus L. – Purple-Flowering Raspberry Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Rubus pensilvanicus Poir. – Pennsylvania Blackberry Native (CoC 3); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Rubus phoenicolasius Maxim. – Wineberry Non-Native; Naturalized; NYS Prohibited; Invasive Observations Specimens Interactions Rubus setosus Bigelow – Bristly Blackberry Native (CoC 2); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Sanguisorba canadensis L. – Canadian Burnet Native (CoC 9); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Sorbaria sorbifolia (L.) A. Braun – False Spiraea Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Sorbus aucuparia L. – European Mountain-Ash Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions

NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Page 35

New York City EcoFlora

Spiraea alba Du Roi var. latifolia (Aiton) Dippel – Meadow-Sweet Native (CoC 4); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions L. – Steeplebush Native (CoC 4); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Elaeagnaceae Elaeagnus angustifolia L. – Russian-Olive Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb. – Autumn-Olive Non-Native; Naturalized; NYS Prohibited; Invasive Observations Specimens Interactions Rhamnaceae Ceanothus americanus L. – -Tea Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Frangula alnus Mill. – Glossy Buckthorn Non-Native; Naturalized; NYS Prohibited; Invasive Observations Specimens Interactions Rhamnus cathartica L. – European Buckthorn Non-Native; Frequent; NYS Prohibited; Invasive Observations Specimens Interactions Ulmaceae Ulmus americana L. – American Elm Native (CoC 4); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Ulmus glabra Huds. – Scotch Elm, Wych Elm Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Ulmus pumila L. – Siberian Elm Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Ulmus rubra Muhl. – Slippery Elm Native (CoC 8); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Cannabaceae Celtis occidentalis L. – Northern Hackberry Native (CoC 7); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Celtis sinensis Pers. – Chinese Hackberry Non-Native; Cultivated Observations Specimens Interactions Humulus japonicus Siebold & Zucc. – Japanese Hops Non-Native; Frequent; NYS Prohibited; Invasive Observations Specimens Interactions Humulus lupulus L. var. lupulus – European Hops Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Moraceae Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) L'Hér. ex Vent. – Paper-Mulberry Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Fatoua villosa (Thunb.) Nakai – Mulberry-Weed Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Maclura pomifera (Raf.) C.K. Schneid. – Osage-Orange Non-Native; Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Morus alba L. – White Mulberry Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Morus rubra L. – Red Mulberrry Native (CoC 8); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Urticaceae Boehmeria cylindrica (L.) Sw. – False Nettle Native (CoC 7); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Laportea canadensis (L.) Gaudich. – Wood-Nettle Native (CoC 8); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Parietaria judaica L. – Pellitory-Of-The-Wall Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Parietaria pensylvanica Muhl. ex Willd. – Pennsylvania Pellitory Native (CoC 2); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Pilea fontana (Lunell) Rydb. – Black-Fruited Clearweed Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Pilea pumila (L.) A. Gray var. pumila – Green-Fruited Clearweed Native (CoC 2); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Urtica dioica L. subsp. dioica – European Stinging Nettle

NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Page 36

New York City EcoFlora

Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Urtica gracilis Aiton subsp. gracilis – Northern American Stinging Nettle Native (CoC 2); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Urtica urens L. – Burning Nettle, Dog Nettle Non-Native; Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Fagaceae Castanea dentata (Marshall) Borkh. – American Chestnut Native (CoC 6); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. – American Beech Native (CoC 8); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions L. – White Oak Native (CoC 7); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Quercus bicolor Willd. – Swamp White Oak Native (CoC 7); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Quercus cerris L. – Turkey Oak Non-Native; Rare; Invasive Observations Specimens Interactions Quercus coccinea Münchh. – Scarlet Oak Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Quercus ilicifolia Wangenh. – Scrub Oak, Bear Oak Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Quercus imbricaria Michx. – Shingle Oak Non-Native; Cultivated Observations Specimens Interactions Quercus marilandica Münchh. var. marilandica – Blackjack Oak Native (CoC 7); Pending; NYS Rare Observations Specimens Interactions Quercus montana Willd. – Chestnut Oak Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Quercus palustris Münchh. – Pin Oak Native (CoC 7); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Quercus phellos L. – Willow Oak Native (CoC 8); Extant; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Quercus prinoides Willd. – Dwarf Chestnut Oak Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Quercus robur L. – English Oak Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Quercus rubra L. – Northern Red Oak Native (CoC 7); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Quercus stellata Wangenh. – Post Oak Native (CoC 9); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Quercus velutina Lam. – Black Oak Native (CoC 7); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Myricaceae Comptonia peregrina (L.) J.M. Coult. – Sweet-Fern Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Morella caroliniensis (Mill.) Small – Bayberry Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Myrica gale L. – Sweet-Gale Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Juglandaceae Carya cordiformis (Wangenh.) K. Koch – Bitternut Hickory Native (CoC 7); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Carya glabra (Mill.) Sweet – Pignut Hickory Native (CoC 7); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Carya ovata (Mill.) K. Koch – Shagbark Hickory Native (CoC 7); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Carya tomentosa (Poir.) Nutt. – Mockernut Hickory Native (CoC 7); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Juglans cinerea L. – Butternut Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions

NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Page 37

New York City EcoFlora

Juglans nigra L. – Black Walnut Native (CoC 5); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Betulaceae Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. – Black Alder, European Alder Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Alnus incana (L.) Moench subsp. rugosa (Du Roi) R.T. Clausen – Speckled Alder Native (CoC 5); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Alnus serrulata (Aiton) Willd. – Smooth Alder Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Betula alleghaniensis Britton – Yellow Birch Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Betula lenta L. – Black Birch Native (CoC 6); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Betula nigra L. – River Birch Native (CoC 8); Pending; NYS Rare Observations Specimens Interactions Betula papyrifera Marshall – Paper Birch Native (CoC 5); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Betula populifolia Marshall – Gray Birch Native (CoC 4); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Carpinus betulus L. – European Hornbeam Non-Native; Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Carpinus caroliniana Walter subsp. virginiana (Marshall) Furlow – Musclewood, Ironwood, American Hornbeam Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Corylus americana Walter – American Hazelnut Native (CoC 6); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Ostrya virginiana (Mill.) K. Koch – Hop Hornbeam, Ironwood Native (CoC 7); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Cucurbitaceae Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai subsp. lanatus – Watermelon Non-Native; Waif Observations Specimens Interactions Cucumis ficifolia Bouché – Black Seeded Melon Non-Native; Waif Observations Specimens Interactions Cucumis melo L. subsp. melo – Sweet Melons, Canteloupe, Honeydew Melon, Muskmelon Non-Native; Waif Observations Specimens Interactions Cucumis moschata Duchesne ex Poir. – Non-Native; Waif Observations Specimens Interactions Cucurbita maxima Duchesne – Non-Native; Waif Observations Specimens Interactions Cucurbita pepo L. – Squash Non-Native; Waif Observations Specimens Interactions Ecballium elaterium (L.) A. Rich. – Squirting-Cucumber Non-Native; Waif Observations Specimens Interactions Echinocystis lobata (Michx.) Torr. & A. Gray – Wild-Cucumber Native (CoC 3); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Sicyos angulatus L. – Bur-Cucumber Native (CoC 5); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Celastraceae Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb. – Oriental Bittersweet Non-Native; Frequent; NYS Prohibited; Invasive Observations Specimens Interactions Celastrus scandens L. – American Bittersweet Native (CoC 7); Rare; NYS Rare Observations Specimens Interactions Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Siebold – Winged Euonymus, Burning-Bush Non-Native; Naturalized; NYS Regulated; Invasive Observations Specimens Interactions Euonymus americanus L. – American Strawberry-Bush Native (CoC 7); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Euonymus atropurpureus Jacq. var. atropurpureus – American Wahoo Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions

NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Page 38

New York City EcoFlora

Euonymus europaeus L. – European Spindle-Tree Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Euonymus fortunei (Turcz.) Hand.-Mazz. – Winter-Creeper Non-Native; Naturalized; NYS Regulated; Invasive Observations Specimens Interactions Parnassia glauca Raf. – Common Grass-Of-Parnassus Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Oxalidaceae Oxalis corniculata L. – Creeping Yellow Wood Sorrel Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Oxalis dillenii Jacq. – Dillenius' Yellow Wood Sorrel Native (CoC 0); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Oxalis Salisb. – Flowering Yellow Wood Sorrel Native (CoC 0); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Oxalis stricta L. – Common Yellow Wood Sorrel Native (CoC 0); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Oxalis violacea L. – Violet Wood Sorrel Native (CoC 9); Pending; NYS Threatened Observations Specimens Interactions Hypericaceae Hypericum canadense L. – Lesser Canadian St. John's-Wort Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Hypericum densiflorum Pursh – Bushy St. John's-Wort Native (CoC 10); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Hypericum ellipticum Hook. – Pale St. John's-Wort Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Hypericum gentianoides (L.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. – Orange-Grass Native (CoC 4); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Hypericum majus (A. Gray) Britton – Greater Canadian St. John's-Wort Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Hypericum mutilum L. subsp. mutilum – Dwarf St. John's-Wort Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Hypericum perforatum L. subsp. perforatum – Common St. John's-Wort Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Hypericum punctatum Lam. – Spotted St. John's Wort Native (CoC 4); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Hypericum stragulum W.P. Adams & N. Robson – Low St. John's-Wort Native (CoC 5); Extant; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Hypericum virginicum L. – Virginia Marsh St. John's-Wort Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Violaceae Viola affinis Leconte – Leconte's Violet Native (CoC 5); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Viola arvensis Murray – European Field Pansy Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Viola blanda Willd. – Sweet White Violet Native (CoC 6); Historical Observations Specimens Interactions Viola brittoniana Pollard – Britton's Coast Violet Native (CoC 8); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Viola canadensis L. – Canadian White Violet Native (CoC ); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Viola cucullata Aiton – Marsh Blue Violet Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Viola labradorica Schrank – American Dog Violet Native (CoC 4); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Viola lanceolata L. – Lance-Leaved Violet Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Viola odorata L. – English Violet Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions

NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Page 39

New York City EcoFlora

Viola pallens (Banks ex Ging.) Brainerd – Smooth White Violet Native (CoC 4); Historical Observations Specimens Interactions Viola palmata L. – Three-Lobed Violet Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Viola pectinata E.P. Bicknell – Pectinate Violet Native (CoC 10); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Viola pedata L. var. pedata – Bird's-Foot Violet Native (CoC 8); Extant; NYS Rare Observations Specimens Interactions Viola primulifolia L. var. primulifolia – Primose-Leaved Violet Native (CoC 10); Pending; NYS Threatened Observations Specimens Interactions Viola pubescens Aiton var. pubescens – Downy Yellow-Stemmed Violet Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Viola pubescens Aiton var. scabriuscula Torr. & A. Gray – Smoothish Yellow-Stemmed Violet Native (CoC 7); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Viola rotundifolia Michx. – Early Yellow Violet Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Viola sagittata Aiton var. ovata (Nutt.) Torr. & A. Gray – Northern Downy Violet Native (CoC 4); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Viola sagittata Aiton var. sagittata – Arrow-Leaved Violet Native (CoC 4); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Viola septentrionalis Greene – Northern Blue Violet Native (CoC 3); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Viola sororia Willd. – Common Blue Violet Native (CoC 3); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Viola sororia Willd. forma priceana (Pollard) Cooperr. – Confederate Violet Native (CoC ); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Viola striata Aiton – Sriped Cream Violet Native (CoC ); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Viola subsinuata (Greene) Greene – Palmate-Leaved Violet Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Viola tricolor L. var. tricolor – Johnny-Jump-Up Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Salicaceae Populus alba L. – Eurasian White Poplar Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Populus balsamifera L. – Balsam Poplar Native (CoC 2); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Populus deltoides W. Bartram ex Marshall – Eastern Cottonwood Native (CoC ); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Populus grandidentata Michx. – Big-Toothed Aspen Native (CoC 4); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Populus heterophylla L. – Swamp Cottonwood Native (CoC 9); Pending; NYS Threatened Observations Specimens Interactions Populus nigra L. – Black Poplar, Lombardy Poplar Non-Native; Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Populus tremuloides Michx. – Trembling Aspen, Quaking Aspen Native (CoC 3); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Salix × fragilis L. – Hybrid Crack Willow Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Salix alba L. – White Willow Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Salix atrocinerea Brot. – Non-Native; Naturalized - Last seen 0; NYS Prohibited; Invasive Observations Specimens Interactions Salix bebbiana Sarg. – Bebb's Willow Native (CoC 3); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Salix candida Flüggé ex Willd. – Sage-Leaved Willow Native (CoC 10); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Salix cinerea L. subsp. cinerea – Gray Willow Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions

NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Page 40

New York City EcoFlora

Salix cinerea L. subsp. oleifolia Macreight – Rusty Willow Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Salix discolor Muhl. – Pussy Willow Native (CoC 3); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Salix eriocephala Michx. – Heart-Leaved Willow, Missouri Willow Native (CoC 3); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Salix humilis Marshall var. humilis – Prairie Willow, Upland Willow Native (CoC 4); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Salix humilis Marshall var. tristis (Aiton) Griggs – Dwarf Prairie Willow Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Salix interior Rowlee – Sandbar Willow Native (CoC 5); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Salix nigra Marshall – Black Willow Native (CoC 5); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Salix petiolaris Sm. – Meadow Willow Native (CoC 5); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Salix purpurea L. – Basket Willow Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Salix sericea Marshall – Silky Willow Native (CoC 5); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions australis L. – Asian Three-Seeded-Mercury, Asian Copperleaf Non-Native; Frequent; Invasive Observations Specimens Interactions A. Gray – Slender Three-Seeded-Mercury Native (CoC 6); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Raf. – Common Three-Seeded-Mercury Native (CoC 0); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions L. – Virginia Three-Seeded-Mercury Native (CoC 10); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Euphorbia cyparissias L. – Cypress Spurge, Graveyard Spurge Non-Native; Naturalized; NYS Prohibited; Invasive Observations Specimens Interactions Euphorbia davidii Subils – David's Spurge Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Euphorbia ipecacuanhae L. – Ipecac Spurge Native (CoC 5); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Euphorbia maculata L. – Spotted Spurge Native (CoC 0); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Euphorbia nutans Lag. – Upright Spurge Native (CoC 0); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Euphorbia polygonifolia L. – Northern Seaside Spurge Native (CoC 9); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Euphorbia vermiculata Raf. – Hairy Spurge Native (CoC 0); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Euphorbia virgata Waldst. & Kit. – Slender Spurge Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Phyllanthus urinaria L. – Chamber Bitter Non-Native; Waif Observations Specimens Interactions Linaceae Linum medium (Planch.) Britton var. texanum (Planch.) Fernald – Wild Flax Native (CoC 4); Pending; NYS Threatened Observations Specimens Interactions Linum perenne L. – Perennial Flax Non-Native; Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Linum striatum Walter – Rigid Yellow Flax Native (CoC 3); Pending; NYS Rare Observations Specimens Interactions Linum sulcatum Riddell – Grooved Yellow Flax Native (CoC 5); Pending; NYS Threatened Observations Specimens Interactions Linum usitatissimum L. – Cultivated Flax Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Linum virginianum L. – Slender Yellow Flax

NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Page 41

New York City EcoFlora

Native (CoC 4); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Geraniaceae Erodium cicutarium (L.) L'Hér. ex Aiton subsp. cicutarium – Common Stork's-Bill Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Geranium bicknellii Britton – Northern Crane's-Bill Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Geranium carolinianum L. – Carolina Crane's-Bill Native (CoC 4); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Geranium dissectum L. – Cut-Leaved Crane's-Bill Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Geranium maculatum L. – Wild Geranium Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Geranium molle L. – Dove's-Foot Crane's-Bill Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Geranium pusillum L. – Small-Flowered Crane's-Bill Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Geranium robertianum L. – Herb-Robert Native (CoC 4); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Geranium sibiricum L. – Siberian Crane's-Bill Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Geranium thunbergii Siebold ex Lindl. & Paxton – Dew-Drop Crane's-Bill Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Lythraceae Cuphea viscosissima Jacq. – Clammy Waxweed Native (CoC 1); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Decodon verticillatus (L.) Elliott – Water-Willow Native (CoC 7); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Lythrum alatum Pursh var. alatum – Winged Loosestrife Native (CoC 2); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Lythrum hyssopifolia L. – Hyssop-Leaved Loosestrife Native (CoC 1); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Lythrum salicaria L. – Purple Loosestrife Non-Native; Frequent; NYS Prohibited; Invasive Observations Specimens Interactions Rotala ramosior (L.) Koehne – Tooth-Cup Native (CoC 10); Pending; NYS Threatened Observations Specimens Interactions Trapa natans L. – Non-Native; Rare; NYS Prohibited; Invasive Observations Specimens Interactions Onagraceae Chamerion angustifolium (L.) Holub – Fireweed Native (CoC 3); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Circaea canadensis (L.) Hill – Eastern Enchanter's-Nightshade Native (CoC 5); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Epilobium ciliatum Raf. subsp. ciliatum – Fringed Willow-Herb Native (CoC 3); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Epilobium coloratum Biehler – Eastern Willow-Herb Native (CoC 2); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Epilobium hirsutum L. – Great Hairy Willow-Herb Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Epilobium leptophyllum Raf. – Narrow-Leaved Willow-Herb Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Epilobium strictum Muhl. – Downy Willow-Herb Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Ludwigia alternifolia L. – Alternate-Leaved Seedbox Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Ludwigia hexapetala (Hook. & Arn.) Zardini, H.Y. Gu & P.H. Raven – Common Water-Primrose Non-Native; Pending; NYS Prohibited; Invasive Observations Specimens Interactions Ludwigia palustris (L.) Elliott – Water-Purslane

NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Page 42

New York City EcoFlora

Native (CoC 4); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Ludwigia peploides (Kunth) P.H. Raven subsp. glabrescens (Kuntze) P.H. Raven – Floating Water-Primrose Non-Native; Naturalized; NYS Prohibited; Invasive Observations Specimens Interactions Ludwigia sphaerocarpa Elliott – Globe-Fruited Seedbox Native (CoC 9); Pending; NYS Threatened Observations Specimens Interactions Oenothera biennis L. – Common Evening-Primrose Native (CoC 1); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Oenothera fruticosa L. subsp. fruticosa – Southern Sundrops Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Oenothera fruticosa L. subsp. tetragona (Roth) W.L. Wagner – Northern Sundrops Native (CoC 10); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Oenothera gaura W.L. Wagner & Hoch – Biennial Gaura Native (CoC 0); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Oenothera laciniata Hill – Cut-Leaved Evening-Primrose Native (CoC 1); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Oenothera oakesiana (A. Gray) J.W. Robbins ex S. Watson & J.M. Coult. – Oakes's Evening-Primrose Native (CoC 1); Pending; NYS Threatened Observations Specimens Interactions Oenothera parviflora L. – Small-Flowered Evening-Primrose Native (CoC 0); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Oenothera perennis L. – Small Sundrops Native (CoC 2); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Melastomataceae Rhexia virginica L. – Virginia Meadow-Beauty Native (CoC 10); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Staphyleaceae Staphylea trifolia L. – Bladdernut Native (CoC 7); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Anacardiaceae Rhus aromatica Aiton var. aromatica – Fragran Sumac Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Rhus copallinum L. var. copallinum – Common Winged Sumac Native (CoC 7); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Rhus glabra L. – Smooth Sumac Native (CoC 3); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Rhus typhina L. – Stag-Horn Sumac Native (CoC 1); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze subsp. radicans – Eastern Poison-Ivy Native (CoC 3); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Toxicodendron vernix (L.) Kuntze – Poison-Sumac Native (CoC 9); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Sapindaceae Acer campestre L. – Hedge Maple, Field Maple Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Acer ginnala Maxim. – Amur Maple Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Acer negundo L. var. negundo – Box-Elder, Ash-Leaved Maple Native (CoC 1); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Acer nigrum F. Michx. – Black Maple Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Acer palmatum Thunb. – Japanese Maple Non-Native; Infrequent; Invasive Observations Specimens Interactions Acer platanoides L. – Norway Maple Non-Native; Frequent; NYS Regulated; Invasive Observations Specimens Interactions Acer pseudoplatanus L. – Sycamore Maple Non-Native; Frequent; NYS Prohibited; Invasive Observations Specimens Interactions L. var. rubrum – Common Red Maple Native (CoC 4); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions

NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Page 43

New York City EcoFlora

Acer saccharinum L. – Silver Maple Native (CoC 6); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Acer saccharum Marshall – Sugar Maple Native (CoC 7); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Acer spicatum Lam. – Moutain Maple Native (CoC 8); Historical Observations Specimens Interactions Aesculus hippocastanum L. – Horse-Chestnut Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Cardiospermum halicacabum L. – Ballonvine, Heartseed Non-Native; Waif Observations Specimens Interactions Koelreuteria paniculata Laxm. – Golden Rain-Tree, Pride-Of-India, China-Tree Non-Native; Frequent; Invasive Observations Specimens Interactions Rutaceae Phellodendron amurense Rupr. – Amur Cork-Tree Non-Native; Infrequent; NYS Prohibited; Invasive Observations Specimens Interactions Ptelea trifoliata L. var. trifoliata – Hop-Tree, Wafer-Ash Native (CoC 8); Rare; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Tetradium daniellii (Benn.) T. G. Hartley – Bee-Bee Tree Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Simaroubaceae Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle – Tree-Of-Heaven Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Malvaceae Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench – Okra Non-Native; Waif Observations Specimens Interactions Abutilon theophrasti Medik. – Velvet- Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Alcea rosea L. – Hollyhock Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Althaea officinalis L. – Marsh-Mallow Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Hibiscus moscheutos L. subsp. moscheutos – Swamp Rose-Mallow Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Hibiscus syriacus L. – Rose-Of-Sharon Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Hibiscus trionum L. – Flower-Of-An-Hour Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Malva moschata L. – Musk Mallow Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Malva neglecta Wallr. – Cheeses, Common Malow Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Malva sylvestris L. – Common Mallow Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Tilia americana L. var. americana – American Basswood Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Tilia americana L. var. heterophylla (Vent.) Loudon – White Basswood Native (CoC 10); Historical; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Tilia cordata Mill. – Small-Leaved Linden Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Thymelaeaceae Dirca palustris L. – Eastern Leatherwood, Wicopy Native (CoC 8); Historical - Last seen 1915 Observations Specimens Interactions Cistaceae Crocanthemum bicknellii (Fernald) Janch. – Hoary Frostweed, Hoary Rock-Rose Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Crocanthemum canadense (L.) Britton – Canada Frostweed, Canada Rock-Rose Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Crocanthemum propinquum (E.P. Bicknell) E.P. Bicknell – Low Frostweed, Low Rock-Rose

NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Page 44

New York City EcoFlora

Native (CoC 6); Pending; NYS Threatened Observations Specimens Interactions Hudsonia tomentosa Nutt. – Beach-Heather Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Lechea intermedia Legg. ex Britton – Large-Podded Pinweed Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Lechea maritima Legg. ex Britton var. maritima – Beach Pinweed Native (CoC 9); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Lechea minor L. – Thyme-Leaved Pinweed Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Lechea mucronata Raf. – Hairy Pinweed Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Lechea pulchella Raf. – Leggett's Pinweed Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Lechea racemulosa Michx. – Oblong-Fruited Pinweed Native (CoC 7); Pending; NYS Rare Observations Specimens Interactions Lechea tenuifolia Michx. – Narrow-Leaved Pinweed Native (CoC 9); Pending; NYS Threatened Observations Specimens Interactions proserpinacoides Willd. – False Mermaid-Weed Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions lutea L. – Yellow Mignonette Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions dodecandra (L.) DC. subsp. dodecandra – Red-Whiskered Clammyweed Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Tarenaya hassleriana (Chodat) Iltis – Spider-Flower, Pink-Queen Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions petiolata (M. Bieb.) Cavara & Grande – Garlic Mustard Non-Native; Naturalized; NYS Prohibited; Invasive Observations Specimens Interactions (L.) L. – Small Alyssum Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions lyrata (L.) O'Kane & Al-Shehbaz subsp. lyrata – Lyre-Leaved Rock Cress Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions (L.) Heynh. – Thale-Cress Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions rusticana G. Gaertn., B. Mey. & Scherb. – Horse- Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions verna (Mill.) Asch. – Early Winter Cress Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions W.T. Aiton – Yellow Rocket Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions incana (L.) DC. – Hoary-Alyssum Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions canadensis (L.) P.J. Alexander & Windham – Sicklepod Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Borodinia laevigata (Muhl. ex Willd.) P.J. Alexander & Windham – Smooth Rock Cress Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions juncea (L.) Czern. – Chinese Mustard, Mustard-Greens Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Brassica napus L. – , Rutabaga Non-Native; Pending Observations Specimens Interactions (L.) W.D.J. Koch – Black Mustard Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions L. – Field Mustard, , Chinese Cabbage Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions edentula (Bigelow) Hook. – American Sea Rocket

NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Page 45

New York City EcoFlora

Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Scop. subsp. maritima – European Sea Rocket Non-Native; Pending Observations Specimens Interactions sativa (L.) Crantz – Gold-Of-Pleasure Non-Native; Pending Observations Specimens Interactions bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik. – Shepard's-Purse Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions bulbosa (Schreb. ex Muhl.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. – Spring Cress Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions (Michx.) O. Schwarz – Cut-Leaved Rock Cress Native (CoC 6); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions (Michx.) Alph. Wood – Two-Leaved Rock Cress Native (CoC 7); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Britton – Purple Rock Cress Native (CoC 7); Pending; NYS Threatened Observations Specimens Interactions With. – Wavy Bitter Cress Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions L. – Hairy Bitter Cress Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Cardamine maxima (Nutt.) Alph. Wood – Large Toothwort Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions L. – Small-Flowered Bitter Cress Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Muhl. ex Willd. – Pennsylvania Bitter Cress Native (CoC 4); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions L. – Cuckoo-Flower Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions sophia (L.) Webb ex Prantl – Herb Sophia Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions muralis (L.) DC – Sand Rocket Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions (L.) DC. – Wall Rocket Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions verna L. – Spring Whitlow-Grass Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions gallicum (Willd.) O.E. Schulz – French Rocket Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions repandum L. – Spreading Wall-Flower Non-Native; Pending Observations Specimens Interactions matronalis L. – Dame's Rocket Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions campestre (L.) W.T. Aiton – Field Cress Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Schrad. var. densiflorum – Prairie Pepperweed Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions L. – Lesser Swine's Cress Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions L. – Hoary Cress Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions L. – Broad-Leaved Pepperweed Non-Native; Naturalized; NYS Prohibited; Invasive Observations Specimens Interactions L. – Perfoliate Pepperweed Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions L. – Roadside Pepperweed Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions L. subsp. virginicum – Wild Pepperweed Native (CoC 0); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions maritima (L.) Desv. – Sweet-Alyssum Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions

NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Page 46

New York City EcoFlora

Lunaria annua L. – Honesty Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions officinale W.T. Aiton – Water Cress Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions raphanistrum L. subsp. raphanistrum – Wild Radish Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Raphanus sativus L. – Garden Radish Non-Native; Pending Observations Specimens Interactions palustris (L.) Besser subsp. hispida (Desv.) Jonsell – Hairy Yellow Cress Native (CoC 10); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions (L.) Besser subsp. palustris – Marsh Yellow Cress Native (CoC 3); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions (L.) Besser – Creeping Yellow Cress Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions alba L. subsp. alba – Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions L. – Charlock Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions altissimum L. – Tumble Mustard Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions (L.) Scop. – Common Hedge Mustard Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions arvense L. – Field Penny Cress Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Tomostima reptans (Lam.) Al-Shehbaz, M. Koch & Jordon-Thaden – Carolina Whitlow-Grass Native (CoC 10); Historical; NYS Threatened Observations Specimens Interactions glabra L. – Tower Mustard Native (CoC 2); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Santalaceae Comandra umbellata (L.) Nutt. subsp. umbellata – Bastard-Toadflax Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Plumbaginaceae Limonium carolinianum (Walter) Britton – Sea-Lavender Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Polygonaceae Fagopyrum esculentum Moench – Buckwheat Non-Native; Waif Observations Specimens Interactions Fallopia cilinodis (Michx.) Holub – Fringed Bindweed Native (CoC 4); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Fallopia convolvulus (L.) Á. Löve – Black Bindweed Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Fallopia cristata (Engelm. & A. Gray) Holub – Crested Bindweed Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Fallopia dumetorum (L.) Holub – Thicket Bindweed Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Fallopia scandens (L.) Holub – Climbing False Buckwheat Native (CoC 6); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Persicaria amphibia (L.) Delarbre subsp. laevimarginata (Hult.) Soják – American Water Smartweed Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Persicaria arifolia (L.) Haraldson – Halberd-Leaved Tear-Thumb Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Persicaria careyi (Olney) Greene – Carey's Smartweed Native (CoC 5); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Persicaria coccinea (Muhl. ex Willd.) Greene – Scarlet Smartweed Native (CoC 5); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Persicaria extremiorientalis (Vorosch.) Tzvelev – Far-Eastern Smartweed Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions

NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Page 47

New York City EcoFlora

Persicaria filiformis (Thunb.) Nakai ex A.T. Lee – Non-Native; Cultivated Observations Specimens Interactions Persicaria hydropiper (L.) Delarbre – Water-Pepper Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Persicaria hydropiperoides (Michx.) Small – Mild Water-Pepper Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Persicaria lapathifolia (L.) Delarbre – Dock-Leaved Smartweed Native (CoC 1); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Persicaria longiseta (Bruijn) Kitag. – Low Smartweed Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Persicaria maculosa Gray – Lady's Thumb Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Persicaria minor (Huds.) Opiz – Native (CoC ); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Persicaria orientalis (L.) Spach – Prince's-Feather Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Persicaria pensylvanica (L.) M. Gómez – Pennsylvania Smartweed Native (CoC 2); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Persicaria perfoliata (L.) H. Gross – Mile-A-Minute-Weed Non-Native; Frequent; NYS Prohibited; Invasive Observations Specimens Interactions Persicaria punctata (Elliott) Small – Dotted Smartweed Native (CoC 4); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Persicaria sagittata (L.) H. Gross – Arrow-Leaved Tear-Thumb Native (CoC 4); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Persicaria setacea (Baldwin) Small – Bristly Smartweed Native (CoC 10); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Persicaria virginiana (L.) Gaertn. – Jumpseed Native (CoC 5); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Polygonum articulatum L. – Northern Jointweed Native (CoC 5); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Polygonum aviculare L. – Common Knotweed Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Polygonum aviculare L. subsp. aviculare – Common Knotweed Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Polygonum aviculare L. subsp. depressum (Meisn.) Arcang. – Oval-Leaved Knotweed Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Polygonum aviculare L. subsp. neglectum (Besser) Arcang. – Narrow-Leaved Knotweed Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Polygonum buxiforme Small – American Knotweed Native (CoC 0); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Polygonum glaucum Nutt. – Sea-Beach Knotweed Native (CoC 8); Pending; NYS Rare Observations Specimens Interactions Polygonum ramosissimum Michx. subsp. prolificum (Small) Costea & Tardif – Proliferous Knotweed Native (CoC 1); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Polygonum ramosissimum Michx. subsp. ramosissimum – Bushy Knotweed Native (CoC 1); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Polygonum tenue Michx. – Pleated-Leaved Knotweed Native (CoC 7); Pending; NYS Rare Observations Specimens Interactions Reynoutria × bohemica Chrtek & Chrtková – Non-Native; Naturalized; NYS Prohibited; Invasive Observations Specimens Interactions Reynoutria japonica Houtt. – Japanese Knotweed Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Reynoutria sachalinensis (F. Schmidt) Nakai – Giant Knotweed Non-Native; Naturalized; NYS Prohibited; Invasive Observations Specimens Interactions Rumex × confusus Simonk. – Confused Dock Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Rumex acetosa L. – Garden-Sorrel Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Rumex acetosella L. – Sheep-Sorrel

NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Page 48

New York City EcoFlora

Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Rumex altissimus Alph. Wood – Pale Dock Native (CoC 10); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Rumex britannica L. – Great Water Dock Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Rumex crispus L. subsp. crispus – Curly Dock, Yellow Dock Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Rumex fueginus Phil. – American Golden Dock Native (CoC 1); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Rumex longifolius DC. – Yard Dock Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Rumex obtusifolius L. subsp. obtusifolius – Broad-Leaved Dock Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Rumex patientia L. – Patience Dock Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Rumex triangulivalvis (Danser) Rech. f. – White Dock Native (CoC 4); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Droseraceae Drosera intermedia Hayne – Spatulate-Leaved Sundew Native (CoC 9); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Drosera rotundifolia L. – Round-Leaved Sundew Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Caryophyllaceae Agrostemma githago L. var. githago – Common Corn-Cockle Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Arenaria serpyllifolia L. – Thyme-Leaved Sandwort Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Atocion armeria (L.) Raf. – Sweet-William-Catchfly Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Cerastium arvense L. – Field Chickweed Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Cerastium fontanum Baumg. subsp. vulgare (Hartm.) Greuter & Burdet – Mouse-Ear Chickweed Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Cerastium glomeratum Thuill. – Sticky Chickweed Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Cerastium nutans Raf. var. nutans – Nodding Chickweed Native (CoC ); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Cerastium pumilum Curtis – Small Chickweed Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Cerastium semidecandrum L. – Five-Stamened Chickewwed Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Dianthus armeria L. subsp. armeria – Deptford Pink Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Dianthus barbatus L. subsp. barbatus – Sweet William Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Dianthus deltoides L. subsp. deltoides – Maiden Pink Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Holosteum umbellatum L. subsp. umbellatum – Jagged-Chickweed Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Honckenya peploides (L.) Ehrh. subsp. robusta (Fernald) Hultén – Sea-Beach-Sandwort Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Lychnis flos-cuculi L. subsp. flos-cuculi – Ragged-Robin Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Moehringia lateriflora (L.) Fenzl – Blunt-Leaved-Sandwort Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Myosoton aquaticum (L.) Moench – Giant Chickweed Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Paronychia canadensis (L.) Alph. Wood – Smooth Forked-Chickweed Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions

NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Page 49

New York City EcoFlora

Paronychia fastigiata (Raf.) Fernald – Hairy Forked-Chickweed Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Sabulina caroliniana (Walter) Small – Pine-Barrens-Sandwort Native (CoC 8); Pending; NYS Rare Observations Specimens Interactions Sagina japonica (Sw.) Ohwi – Japanese Pearlwort Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Sagina procumbens L. – Matted Pearlwort Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Saponaria officinalis L. – Bouncing-Bet, Common Soapwort Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Scleranthus annuus L. – Knawel Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Silene antirrhina L. – Sleepy Catch-Fly Native (CoC 3); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Silene caroliniana Walter subsp. pensylvanica (Michx.) R.T. Clausen – Wild Pink Native (CoC 8); Pending; NYS Threatened Observations Specimens Interactions Silene csereii Baumg. – Bienniel Campion Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Silene dioica (L.) Clairv. – Red Campion Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Silene latifolia Poir. – White Campion Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Silene noctiflora L. – Night-Flowering Campion Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Silene stellata (L.) W.T. Aiton – Starry Campion Native (CoC 8); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke – Bladder-Campion Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Spergula arvensis L. – Corn Spurry Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Spergularia canadensis (Pers.) G. Don var. canadensis – Northern Sand-Spurry Native (CoC 10); Historical - Last seen 1966 Observations Specimens Interactions Spergularia marina (L.) Besser – Lesser Salt-Marsh Sand-Spurry Native (CoC 0); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Spergularia media (L.) C. Presl ex Griseb. – Greater Sea-Spurry Non-Native; Infrequent Observations Specimens Interactions Spergularia rubra (L.) J. Presl & C. Presl – Purple Sand-Spurry Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Stellaria alsine Grimm – Bog Starwort, Bog Stichwort Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Stellaria graminea L. – Grass-Leaved Starwort, Grass-Leaved Stitchwort Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Stellaria holostea L. – Greater Starwort, Greater Stitchwort Non-Native; Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Stellaria longifolia Muhl. ex Willd. – Long-Leaved Starwort, Long-Leaved Stitchwort Native (CoC 4); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Stellaria media (L.) Vill. – Common Chickweed Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Vaccaria hispanica (Mill.) Rauschert – Cowherb Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Amaranthaceae Amaranthus albus L. – Tumbleweed Amaranth Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Amaranthus blitoides S. Wats. – Prostrate Amaranth Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Amaranthus blitum L. – Notch-Leaved Amaranth Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Amaranthus cannabinus (L.) J.D. Sauer – Salt-Marsh Water-Hemp Native (CoC 4); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions

NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Page 50

New York City EcoFlora

Amaranthus caudatus L. – Love-Lies-Bleeding Non-Native; Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Amaranthus crispus (Lesp. & Thévenau) Terracciano – Crisp-Leaved Amaranth Non-Native; Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Amaranthus cruentus L. – Blood Amaranth Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Amaranthus hybridus L. – Spleen Amaranth Native (CoC 0); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Amaranthus hypochondriacus L. – Prince's-Feather Non-Native; Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson – Palmer's Amaranth Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Amaranthus powellii S. Watson – Powell's Amaranth Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Amaranthus pumilus Raf. – Sea-Beach Amaranth, Coast Amaranth Native (CoC 10); Pending; NYS Threatened Observations Specimens Interactions Amaranthus retroflexus L. – Red-Rooted Amaranth Native (CoC 0); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Amaranthus spinosus L. – Spiny Amaranth Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) J.D. Sauer – Rough-Fruited Water-Hemp Native (CoC 1); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Amaranthus viridis L. – Green Amaranth Non-Native; Historical Observations Specimens Interactions Atriplex dioica Raf. – Thick-Leaved Orach Native (CoC 10); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Atriplex hortensis L. – Garden Orach Non-Native; Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Atriplex mucronata Raf. – Sea-Beach Orach Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Atriplex patula L. – Spear Orach Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Atriplex prostrata Boucher ex DC. – Seaside Orach Native (CoC 5); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Atriplex rosea L. – Red Orach Non-Native; Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Atriplex tatarica L. – Tartarian Orach Non-Native; Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Bassia hyssopifolia (Pall.) Kuntze – Five-Horned Smotherweed Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Bassia scoparia (L.) A.J. Scott – Winged Smotherweed, Summer-Cypress Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Chenopodiastrum murale (L.) S. Fuentes, Uotila & Borsch – Nettle-Leaved-Goosefoot Non-Native; Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Chenopodiastrum simplex (Torr.) S. Fuentes, Uotila & Borsch – Maple-Leaved-Goosefoot Native (CoC 3); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Chenopodium album L. – Lamb's-Quarters, Pigweed Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Chenopodium berlandieri Moq. var. macrocalycium (Aellen) Cronquist – Large-Calyxed Goosefoot Native (CoC 10); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Chenopodium pratericola Rydb. – Desert Goosefoot Non-Native; Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Chenopodium strictum Roth – Striped Goosefoot Native (CoC 10); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Cycloloma atriplicifolium (Spreng.) J.M. Coult. – Winged-Pigweed Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants – Mexican-Tea Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Dysphania anthelmintica (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants – Wormseed

NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Page 51

New York City EcoFlora

Non-Native; Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Dysphania botrys (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants – Jerusalem-Oak Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Dysphania multifida (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants – Cut-Leaved-Goosefoot Non-Native; Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Dysphania pumilio (R. Br.) Mosyakin & Clemants – Clammy-Goosefoot Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Froelichia gracilis (Hook.) Moq. – Slender Cottonweed Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Oxybasis glauca (L.) S. Fuentes, Uotila & Borsch – Oak-Leaved-Goosefoot Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Oxybasis rubra (L.) S. Fuentes, Uotila & Borsch var. rubra – Red-Pigweed Native (CoC 7); Pending; NYS Threatened Observations Specimens Interactions Oxybasis urbica (L.) S. Fuentes, Uotila & Borsch – Urban-Goosefoot Non-Native; Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Salicornia ambigua Michx. – Perennial Glasswort Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Salicornia bigelovii Torr. – Bigelow's Glasswort Native (CoC 8); Pending; NYS Threatened Observations Specimens Interactions Salicornia depressa Standl. – Slender Glasswort Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Salsola kali L. – Northern Saltwort Non-Native; Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Salsola tragus L. – Russian-Thistle Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Spirobassia hirsuta (L.) Freitag & G. Kadereit – Contorted Smotherweed Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Suaeda calceoliformis (Hook.) Moq. – Horned Sea-Blite Native (CoC 2); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Suaeda linearis (Elliott) Moq. – Southern Sea-Blite Native (CoC 10); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Suaeda maritima (L.) Dumort. – White Sea-Blite Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Suaeda rolandii Bassett & Crompton – Roland's Sea-Blite Native (CoC 10); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Aizoaceae Sesuvium maritimum (Walter) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. – Sea Purslane Native (CoC 10); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Phytolaccaceae Phytolacca americana L. – Pokeweed Native (CoC 0); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Nyctaginaceae Mirabilis albida (Walter) Heimerl – Pale Umbrella-Wort Non-Native; Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Mirabilis nyctaginea (Michx.) MacMill. – Heart-Leaved Umbrella-Wort Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Molluginaceae Mollugo verticillata L. – Carpetweed Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Montiaceae Claytonia caroliniana Michx. – Carolina Spring-Beauty Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Claytonia virginica L. – Eastern Spring-Beauty Native (CoC 7); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Portulacaceae Portulaca oleracea L. – Purslane Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Cactaceae Opuntia humifusa (Raf.) Raf. var. humifusa – Eastern Prickly-Pear

NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Page 52

New York City EcoFlora

Native (CoC 9); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Nyssaceae Nyssa sylvatica Marshall – Black-Gum, Sour-Gum Native (CoC 7); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Hydrangeaceae Deutzia scabra Thunb. – Pride-Of-Rochester Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Hydrangea arborescens L. – Wild Hydrangea Native (CoC 7); Pending; NYS Threatened Observations Specimens Interactions Philadelphus coronarius L. – European Mock-Orange Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Philadelphus inodorus L. – Scentless Mock-Orange Non-Native; Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Cornus alternifolia L. f. – Pagoda Dogwood, Alternate-Leaved Dogwood Native (CoC 7); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Cornus amomum Mill. – Silky Dogwood Native (CoC 6); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Cornus amomum Mill. subsp. amomum – Silky Dogwood Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Cornus canadensis L. – Bunchberry Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Cornus drummondii C.A. Mey. – Rough-Leaved Dogwood Native (CoC 10); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Cornus florida L. – Flowering Dogwood Native (CoC 7); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Cornus racemosa Lam. – Gray Dogwood, Red-Panicled Dogwood Native (CoC 2); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Cornus sericea L. – Red-Osier Dogwood Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Balsaminaceae Impatiens balfourii Hook. f. – Kashmir Impatiens Non-Native; Waif Observations Specimens Interactions Impatiens balsamina L. – Garden Balsam Non-Native; Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Impatiens capensis Meerb. – Spotted Jewelweed, Spotted Touch-Me-Not Native (CoC 3); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Impatiens pallida Nutt. – Pale Jewelweed, Pale Touch-Me-Not Native (CoC 3); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Polemoniaceae Phlox paniculata L. – Garden Phlox Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Phlox subulata L. – Moss-Phlox Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Ebenaceae Diospyros virginiana L. – Persimmon Native (CoC 8); Pending; NYS Threatened Observations Specimens Interactions Primulaceae Anagallis arvensis L. – Scarlet Pimpernel Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Hottonia inflata Elliott – American Featherfoil Native (CoC 10); Pending; NYS Threatened Observations Specimens Interactions Lysimachia arvensis (L.) U. Manns & Anderb. – Scarlet Pimpernel, Poor-Man's Weather-Glass Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Lysimachia borealis (Raf.) U. Manns & Anderb. – Starflower Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Lysimachia ciliata L. – Fringed-Loosestrife

NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Page 53

New York City EcoFlora

Native (CoC 4); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Lysimachia clethroides Duby – Goose-Neck-Loosestrife Non-Native; Historical Observations Specimens Interactions Lysimachia hybrida Michx. – Low-Land-Loosestrife Native (CoC 10); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Lysimachia nummularia L. – Moneywort, Creeping-Jenny Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Lysimachia punctata L. – Spotted-Loosestrife Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Lysimachia quadrifolia L. – Whorled-Loosestrife Native (CoC 6); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Lysimachia terrestris (L.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. – Swamp-Candles Native (CoC 7); Rare Observations Specimens Interactions Lysimachia thyrsiflora L. – Tufted-Loosestrife Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Samolus valerandi L. subsp. parviflorus (Raf.) Hultén – Water Pimpernel, Brookweed Native (CoC 4); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Styracaceae Halesia carolina L. – Carolina Silver-Bell Non-Native; Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Sarraceniaceae Sarracenia purpurea L. – Purple Pitcherplant Native (CoC 9); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Clethraceae L. – Coastal Sweet-Pepperbush Native (CoC 7); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Ericaceae Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. – Bearberry Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull – Heather Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions calyculata (L.) Moench – Leatherleaf Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Chimaphila maculata (L.) Pursh – Spotted-Wintergreen Native (CoC 7); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Chimaphila umbellata (L.) W.P.C. Barton – Pipsissewa Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Epigaea repens L. – Trailing-Arbutus, Mayflower Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Eubotrys racemosa (L.) Nutt. – Swamp Fetterbush Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Gaultheria hispidula (L.) Muhl. ex Bigelow – Snowberry Native (CoC 9); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Gaultheria procumbens L. – Wintergreen, Teaberry Native (CoC 6); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Gaylussacia baccata (Wangenh.) K. Koch – Black Huckleberry Native (CoC 7); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Gaylussacia bigeloviana (Fernald) Sorrie & Weakley – Bog Huckleberry Native (CoC 9); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Gaylussacia frondosa (L.) Torr. & A. Gray – Dangleberry Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Hypopitys monotropa Crantz – Yellow Pine-Sap Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Kalmia angustifolia L. – Sheep Laurel, Sheep-Kill Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Kalmia latifolia L. – Mountain Laurel Native (CoC 7); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Lyonia ligustrina (L.) DC. var. ligustrina – Maleberry Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions

NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Page 54

New York City EcoFlora

Lyonia mariana (L.) D. Don – Staggerbush Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Monotropa uniflora L. – Indian-Pipe Native (CoC 7); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Pyrola americana Sweet – Round-Leaved Shinleaf Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Pyrola elliptica Nutt. – Common Shinleaf Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Rhododendron groenlandicum (Oeder) Kron & Judd – Labrador-Tea Native (CoC 9); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Rhododendron maximum L. – Great Rose-Bay, Great Laurel Native (CoC 9); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Rhododendron periclymenoides (Michx.) Shinners – Pinxter-Flower Native (CoC 7); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Rhododendron prinophyllum (Small) Millais – Early Azalea Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Rhododendron viscosum (L.) Torr. – Swamp Azalea Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Vaccinium angustifolium Aiton – Common Lowbush Blueberry Native (CoC 4); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions L. – Highbush Blueberry Native (CoC 6); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton – Cranberry Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Vaccinium pallidum Aiton – Hillside Blueberry Native (CoC 7); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Vaccinium stamineum L. – Deerberry Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Rubiaceae Cephalanthus occidentalis L. – Buttonbush Native (CoC 7); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Diodia teres Walter – Rough Buttonweed Native (CoC 0); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Galium album Mill. – Hedge Bed-Straw Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Galium aparine L. – Cleavers Native (CoC 0); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Galium asprellum Michx. – Rough Bed-Straw Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Galium concinnum Torr. & A. Gray – Shining Bed-Straw Native (CoC 10); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Galium lanceolatum (Torr.) Torr. – Lance-Leaved Wild-Licorice Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Galium obtusum Bigelow subsp. obtusum – Blunt-Leaved Bed-Straw Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Galium pilosum Aiton subsp. pilosum – Hairy Bed-Straw Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Galium sherardia E.H.L. Krause – Blue Field-Madder Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Galium tinctorium L. – Southern Three-Petaled Bed-Straw Native (CoC 5); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Galium trifidum L. subsp. trifidum – Northern Three-Petaled Bed-Straw Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Galium triflorum Michx. – Sweet-Scented Bed-Straw Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Galium verum L. subsp. verum – Yellow Bed-Straw Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Houstonia caerulea L. – Common Bluets

NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Page 55

New York City EcoFlora

Native (CoC 1); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Houstonia longifolia Gaertn. – Long-Leaved Bluets Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Mitchella repens L. – Partridge-Berry Native (CoC 6); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Oldenlandia uniflora L. – Clustered-Bluets Native (CoC 10); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Gentianaceae Bartonia paniculata (Michx.) Muhl. subsp. paniculata – Green Screwstem Native (CoC 5); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Bartonia virginica (L.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. – Virginia Screwstem Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Centaurium erythraea Rafn – Common Centaury Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Centaurium pulchellum (Sw.) Hayek ex Hand.-Mazz., Stadlm., Janch. & Faltis – Branching Centaury Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Gentiana andrewsii Griseb. var. andrewsii – Andrew's Bottle Gentian Native (CoC 5); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Gentiana saponaria L. – Soapwort Gentian Native (CoC 10); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Gentianopsis crinita (Froel.) Ma – Common Fringed Gentian Native (CoC 5); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Sabatia angularis (L.) Pursh – Bitter-Bloom, Rose-Pink Native (CoC 6); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Sabatia campanulata (L.) Torr. – Slender Marsh-Pink Native (CoC 9); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Sabatia dodecandra (L.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. var. dodecandra – Large Marsh-Pink Native (CoC 10); Historical - Last seen 1906 Observations Specimens Interactions Sabatia stellaris Pursh – Sea-Pink Native (CoC 8); Pending; NYS Threatened Observations Specimens Interactions Ampelamus albidus (Nutt.) Britton – Native (CoC ); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Amsonia tabernaemontana Walter – Blue-Star Non-Native; Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Apocynum androsaemifolium L. – Spreading Dogbane Native (CoC 2); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Apocynum cannabinum L. – Indian-Hemp Native (CoC 2); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Asclepias amplexicaulis Sm. – Blunt-Leaved Milkweed Native (CoC 2); Historical - Last seen 1911 Observations Specimens Interactions Asclepias exaltata L. – Forest Milkweed Native (CoC 6); Infrequent Observations Specimens Interactions Asclepias incarnata L. subsp. pulchra (Ehrh. ex Willd.) Woodson – Eastern Swamp Milkweed Native (CoC 4); Common Observations Specimens Interactions Asclepias purpurascens L. – Purple Milkweed Native (CoC 2); Rare; NYS Threatened Observations Specimens Interactions Asclepias quadrifolia Jacq. – Four-Leaved Milkweed Native (CoC 7); Pending - Last seen 1957 Observations Specimens Interactions Asclepias rubra L. – Red Milkweed Native (CoC 10); Historical - Last seen 1900 Observations Specimens Interactions Asclepias syriaca L. – Common Milkweed Native (CoC 0); Common Observations Specimens Interactions Asclepias tuberosa L. – Butterfly-Weed Native (CoC 2); Common Observations Specimens Interactions Asclepias variegata L. – White Milkweed Native (CoC 10); Historical - Last seen 1909; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Asclepias verticillata L. – Whorled Milkweed Native (CoC 9); Historical - Last seen 1908; NYS Rare Observations Specimens Interactions

NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Page 56

New York City EcoFlora

Asclepias viridiflora Raf. – Green Milkweed Native (CoC 10); Rare; NYS Threatened Observations Specimens Interactions louiseae Kartesz & Gandhi – Black Swallowwort Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Cynanchum rossicum (Kleopov) Borhidi – Pale Swallowwort Non-Native; Naturalized; NYS Prohibited; Invasive Observations Specimens Interactions Vinca minor L. – Common Periwinkle, Myrtle Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions intermedia Fisch. & C.A. Mey. – Common Fiddle-Neck Non-Native; Historical Observations Specimens Interactions arvensis (L.) M. Bieb. – Small Alkanet Non-Native; Pending Observations Specimens Interactions L. – Common Alkanet Non-Native; Pending Observations Specimens Interactions virginianum (L.) J. I. Cohen – Southern Wild-Comfrey, Southern Hound's-Tongue Native (CoC 10); Historical; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions officinalis L. – Non-Native; Pending Observations Specimens Interactions arvensis (L.) I.M. Johnston – Corn-Gromwell Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions amabile Stapf & J.R.Drumm. – Non-Native; Waif Observations Specimens Interactions L. – Common Hound's-Tongue Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions vulgare L. – Viper's Bugloss Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions nyctelea (L.) L. – Waterpod Native (CoC 10); Historical - Last seen 1915 Observations Specimens Interactions virginiana (L.) I.M. Johnst. – Virginia Stickseed Native (CoC 4); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions virginianum L. var. virginianum – Virginia Waterleaf Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions squarrosa (Retz.) Dumort. – European Stickseed Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions officinale L. – European Gromwell Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Lithospermum virginianum L. – Virginia Marbleseed Native (CoC 10); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions virginica (L.) Pers. ex Link – Eastern Bluebell Native (CoC ); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions arvensis (L.) Hill – Field Forget-Me-Not Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Pers. – Yellow-And-Blue Forget-Me-Not Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Lehm. – Smaller Forget-Me-Not Native (CoC 3); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions L. – Water Forget-Me-Not Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Link ex Roem. & Schult. – Blue Forget-Me-Not Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Myosotis verna Nutt. – Spring Forget-Me-Not Native (CoC 5); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions saccharata Mill. – Lungwort Non-Native; Pending Observations Specimens Interactions officinale L. – Common Comfrey Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions

NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Page 57

New York City EcoFlora

Convolvulaceae Calystegia sepium (L.) R. Br. – Hedge Bindweed Native (CoC 0); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Calystegia spithamaea (L.) Pursh subsp. spithamaea – Low Bindweed Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Convolvulus arvensis L. – Field Bindweed Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Cuscuta cephalanthi Engelm. – Buttonbush Dodder Native (CoC 10); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Cuscuta compacta Juss. ex Choisy – Compact Dodder Native (CoC 10); Pending; NYS Rare Observations Specimens Interactions Cuscuta coryli Englem. – Hazel Dodder Native (CoC 10); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Cuscuta gronovii Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. var. gronovii – Common Dodder Native (CoC 4); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Cuscuta pentagona Engelm. – Five-Angled Dodder Native (CoC 10); Extant; NYS Rare Observations Specimens Interactions Cuscuta polygonorum Engelm. – Smartweed Dodder Native (CoC 10); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Ipomoea hederacea Jacq. – Ivy-Leaved Morning-Glory Non-Native; Waif Observations Specimens Interactions Ipomoea hederifolia L. – Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Ipomoea pandurata (L.) G. Mey. – Wild Potato-Vine Native (CoC 10); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth – Common Morning-Glory Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Solanaceae Datura stramonium L. – Jimsonweed, Common Thorn-Apple Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Lycium barbarum L. – Common Matrimony-Vine Non-Native; Frequent; Invasive Observations Specimens Interactions Nicandra physalodes (L.) Gaertn. – Apple-Of-Peru Non-Native; Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Nicotiana rustica L. – Wild Tobacco Non-Native; Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Physalis heterophylla Nees – Clammy Ground-Cherry Native (CoC 0); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Physalis longifolia Nutt. var. subglabrata (Mack. & Bush) Cronquist – Long-Leaved Ground-Cherry Native (CoC 0); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Physalis philadelphica Lam. – Tomatillo Non-Native; Waif Observations Specimens Interactions Physalis virginiana Mill. var. virginiana – Virginia Gound-Cherry Native (CoC 0); Historical; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Solanum carolinense L. var. carolinense – Horse-Nettle Native (CoC 0); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Solanum dulcamara L. – Bitter-Sweet Nightshade Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Solanum emulans Raf. – Eastern Black Nightshade Native (CoC 0); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Solanum lycopersicum L. – Tomato Non-Native; Waif Observations Specimens Interactions Solanum nigrum L. subsp. nigrum – Black Nightshade Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Solanum rostratum Dunal – Buffalo-Bur Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Solanum sarrachoides Sendtn. – Hairy Nightshade Non-Native; Pending Observations Specimens Interactions

NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Page 58

New York City EcoFlora

Oleaceae Chionanthus virginicus L. – Fringe Tree Native (CoC ); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Fraxinus americana L. – White Ash Native (CoC 3); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Fraxinus excelsior L. – European Ash Non-Native; Rare; Invasive Observations Specimens Interactions Fraxinus ornus L. – Flowering Ash Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall – Green Ash Native (CoC 4); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall var. pennsylvanica – Green Ash Native (CoC ); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall var. subintegerrima (Vahl) Fernald – Green Ash Native (CoC ); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Fraxinus profunda (Bush) Bush – Pumpkin Ash Native (CoC ); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Ligustrum obtusifolium Siebold & Zucc. – Border Privet Non-Native; Naturalized; NYS Prohibited; Invasive Observations Specimens Interactions Ligustrum ovalifolium Hassk. – Privet Non-Native; Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Ligustrum vulgare L. – European Privet Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions hermaphroditica L. – Autumn Water-Starwort Native (CoC 10); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Callitriche heterophylla Pursh subsp. heterophylla – Large Water-Starwort Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Callitriche palustris L. – Vernal Water-Starwort Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Callitriche stagnalis Scop. – Common Water-Starwort Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Callitriche terrestris Raf. – Terrestrial Water-Starwort Native (CoC 3); Pending; NYS Threatened Observations Specimens Interactions Chaenorhinum minus (L.) Lange subsp. minus – Dwarf-Snap-Dragon Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Chelone glabra L. – White Turtle-Head Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Cymbalaria muralis P. G. Gaertn., B. Mey., & Scherb. – Kenilworth Ivy Non-Native; Observations Specimens Interactions Digitalis purpurea L. – Purple Fox-Glove Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Gratiola aurea Muhl. – Golden Hedge-Hyssop Native (CoC 9); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Gratiola neglecta Torr. – Northern Clammy Hedge-Hyssop Native (CoC 4); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Linaria dalmatica (L.) Mill. subsp. dalmatica – Dalmatian Toad-Flax Non-Native; Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Linaria vulgaris Mill. – Butter-And-Eggs Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Nuttallanthus canadensis (L.) D.A. Sutton – Old-Field-Toad-Flax Native (CoC 3); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Penstemon calycosus Small – Smooth Beard-Tongue Non-Native; Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Penstemon digitalis Nutt. ex Sims – Fox-Glove Beard-Tongue Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Penstemon hirsutus (L.) Willd. – Hairy Beard-Tongue Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Penstemon pallidus Small – Pale Beard-Tongue

NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Page 59

New York City EcoFlora

Native (CoC 10); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Plantago arenaria Waldst. & Kit. – Flaxseed Plantain Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Plantago aristata Michx. – Long-Bracted Plantain Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Plantago cordata Lam. – Heart-Leaved Plantain Native (CoC 8); Pending; NYS Rare Observations Specimens Interactions Plantago lanceolata L. – English Plantain Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Plantago major L. – Common Plantain Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Plantago maritima L. var. juncoides (Lam.) A. Gray – Seaside Plantain Native (CoC 8); Pending; NYS Threatened Observations Specimens Interactions Plantago media L. – Lamb's-Tongue Plantain Non-Native; Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Plantago pusilla Nutt. – Slender Plantain Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Plantago rugelii Decne. – Rugel's Plantain Native (CoC 0); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Plantago virginica L. – Pale-Seeded Plantain Native (CoC 10); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Veronica americana Schwein. ex Benth. – American Brooklime Native (CoC 4); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Veronica anagallis-aquatica L. – Water Speedwell Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Veronica arvensis L. – Corn Speedwell Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Veronica beccabunga L. – European Brooklime Non-Native; Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Veronica chamaedrys L. – Germander Speedwell Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Veronica hederifolia L. – Ivy-Leaved Speedwell Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Veronica officinalis L. – Common Speedwell Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Veronica peregrina L. subsp. peregrina – Purslane Speedwell Native (CoC 0); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Veronica peregrina L. subsp. xalapensis (Kunth) Pennell – Glandular Speedwell Native (CoC 3); Pending; NYS Rare Observations Specimens Interactions Veronica persica Poir. – Persian Speedwell Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Veronica scutellata L. – Marsh Speedwell Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Veronica serpyllifolia L. subsp. serpyllifolia – Common Thyme-Leaved Speedwell Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Veronicastrum virginicum (L.) Farw. – Culver's-Root Native (CoC 5); Pending; NYS Threatened Observations Specimens Interactions Buddleja davidii Franch. – Orange-Eyed Butterfly-Bush Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Scrophularia lanceolata Pursh – Lance-Leaved Figwort Native (CoC 5); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Scrophularia marilandica L. – Carpenter's-Square Native (CoC 5); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Verbascum blattaria L. – Moth Mullein Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Verbascum lychnitis L. – White Mullein Non-Native; Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Verbascum thapsus L. – Common Mullein

NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Page 60

New York City EcoFlora

Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Linderniaceae Lindernia dubia (L.) Pennell var. anagallidea (Michx.) Cooperr. – Long-Stalked False Pimpernel Native (CoC 10); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Lindernia dubia (L.) Pennell var. dubia – Short-Stalked False Pimpernel Native (CoC 6); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Bignoniaceae Bignonia capreolata L. – Cross Vine Non-Native; Waif Observations Specimens Interactions Campsis radicans (L.) Bureau – Trumpet-Creeper Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Catalpa bignonioides Walter – Southern Catalpa Non-Native; Frequent; Invasive Observations Specimens Interactions Catalpa speciosa (Warder) Warder ex Engelm. – Northern Catalpa Native (CoC ); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Lentibulariaceae Utricularia gibba L. – Humped Bladderwort Native (CoC 9); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Utricularia intermedia Hayne – Flat-Leaved Bladderwort Native (CoC 9); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Utricularia minor L. – Lesser Bladderwort Native (CoC 9); Pending; NYS Rare Observations Specimens Interactions Utricularia purpurea Walter – Purple Bladderwort Native (CoC 9); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Utricularia radiata Small – Small Swollen Bladderwort Native (CoC 10); Pending; NYS Threatened Observations Specimens Interactions Utricularia vulgaris L. subsp. macrorhiza (LeConte) R.T. Clausen – Greater Bladderwort Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Verbenaceae Verbena bonariensis L. – Purple-Top Vervain Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Verbena bracteata Lag. & Rodr. – Prostrate Vervain Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Verbena hastata L. – Blue Vervain Native (CoC 3); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Verbena simplex Lehm. – Narrow-Leaved Vervain Native (CoC 9); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Verbena stricta Vent. – Hoary Vervain Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Verbena urticifolia L. – White Vervain Native (CoC 2); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions nepetoides (L.) Kuntze – Yellow Giant-Hyssop, Catnip Giant-Hyssop Native (CoC 6); Pending; NYS Threatened Observations Specimens Interactions Ajuga reptans L. – Carpet Bugle Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Ballota nigra L. subsp. foetida (Koch) Hayek – Black Horehound Non-Native; Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Clinopodium vulgare L. – Wild-Basil, Wild Basil Native (CoC 0); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Collinsonia canadensis L. – Stoneroot, Horse-Balm Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Cunila origanoides (L.) Britton – American Dittany Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Elsholtzia ciliata (Thunb.) Hyl. – Crested Late-Summer-Mint Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Galeopsis bifida Boenn. – Notched Hemp-Nettle Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Glechoma hederacea L. – Ground-Ivy, Gill-Over-The-Ground

NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Page 61

New York City EcoFlora

Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Hedeoma hispida Pursh – Rough-Pennyroyal Native (CoC 6); Pending; NYS Threatened Observations Specimens Interactions Hedeoma pulegioides (L.) Pers. – American-Pennyroyal Native (CoC 5); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Lamium amplexicaule L. – Hen-Bit Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Lamium galeobdolon (L.) Crantz – Yellow Archangel Non-Native; Waif Observations Specimens Interactions Lamium hybridum Vill. – Cut-Leaved Dead-Nettle Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Lamium maculatum L. – Spotted Dead-Nettle Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Lamium purpureum L. – Purple Dead-Nettle Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Leonurus cardiaca L. – Motherwort Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Lycopus americanus Muhl. ex W.P.C. Barton – American Bugleweed, American Water-Horehound Native (CoC 4); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Lycopus europaeus L. – European Bugleweed, European Water-Horehound Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Lycopus rubellus Moench – Stalked Bugleweed, Stalked Water-Horehound Native (CoC 3); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Lycopus uniflorus Michx. – Northern Bugleweed, Northern Water-Horehound Native (CoC 4); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Lycopus virginicus L. – Virginia Bugleweed, Virginia Water-Horehound Native (CoC 4); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Marrubium vulgare L. – White Horehound Non-Native; Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Melissa officinalis L. – Garden Balm Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Mentha arvensis L. – Field Mint Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Mentha canadensis L. – American Wild Mint Native (CoC 4); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Mentha longifolia (L.) L. – Horse Mint Non-Native; Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Mentha spicata L. – Spear Mint Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Monarda citriodora Cerv. ex Lag. – Non-Native; Waif Observations Specimens Interactions Monarda didyma L. – Oswego-Tea, Bee-Balm Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Monarda fistulosa L. var. fistulosa – Common Wild-Bergamot Native (CoC 2); Cultivated Observations Specimens Interactions Monarda fistulosa L. var. mollis (L.) Benth. – Pale Wild-Bergamot Native (CoC 2); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Monarda punctata L. var. punctata – Dotted Horse-Mint Native (CoC 10); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Nepeta cataria L. – Common Cat-Nip Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Origanum vulgare L. – Wild Marjoram Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton var. frutescens – Beefsteak-Plant Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Physostegia virginiana (L.) Benth. subsp. virginiana – Northern Obedient-Plant Native (CoC 9); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Prunella vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris – Eurasian Self-Heal, Eurasian Heal-All Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions

NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Page 62

New York City EcoFlora

Pycnanthemum clinopodioides Torr. & A. Gray – Basil Mountain-Mint Native (CoC 10); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Pycnanthemum incanum (L.) Michx. var. incanum – Hoary Mountain-Mint Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Pycnanthemum muticum (Michx.) Pers. – Short-Toothed Mountain-Mint Native (CoC 8); Pending; NYS Threatened Observations Specimens Interactions Pycnanthemum tenuifolium Schrad. – Narrow-Leaved Mountain-Mint Native (CoC 3); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Pycnanthemum torreyi Benth. – Torrey's Mountain-Mint Native (CoC 10); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Pycnanthemum virginianum (L.) Durieu & Jacks. ex Fernald & B. Robinson – Virginia Mountain-Mint Native (CoC 3); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Scutellaria elliptica Muhl. var. elliptica – Hairy Skull-Cap Native (CoC 10); Historical - Last seen 1910 Observations Specimens Interactions Scutellaria galericulata L. – Marsh Skull-Cap Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Scutellaria integrifolia L. – Hyssop Skull-Cap Native (CoC 10); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Scutellaria lateriflora L. – Mad-Dog Skull-Cap Native (CoC 7); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Scutellaria serrata Andrews – Showy Skull-Cap Native (CoC 10); Historical - Last seen 1899 Observations Specimens Interactions Stachys hyssopifolia Michx. var. hyssopifolia – Hyssop Hedge-Nettle Native (CoC 5); Pending; NYS Threatened Observations Specimens Interactions Stachys palustris L. – Marsh Hedge-Nettle Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Teucrium canadense L. – American Germander Native (CoC 4); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Trichostema dichotomum L. – Blue-Curls Native (CoC 3); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Trichostema setaceum Houtt. – Narrow-Leaved Blue-Curls Native (CoC 10); Historical; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Mazaceae Mazus miquelii Makino – Creeping Mazus Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Mazus pumilus (Burm. f.) Steenis – Japanese Mazus Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Phrymaceae Mimulus alatus (Soland.) Aiton – Winged Monkey-Flower Native (CoC 6); Pending; NYS Rare Observations Specimens Interactions Mimulus ringens L. – Allegheny Monkey-Flower Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Phryma leptostachya L. – Lopseed Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Paulowniaceae Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Sieb. & Zucc. ex Steud. – Princess-Tree, Empress-Tree Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions maritima (Raf.) Raf. var. maritima – Seaside Agalinis Native (CoC 9); Pending; NYS Threatened Observations Specimens Interactions Agalinis purpurea (L.) Pennell – Purple Agalinis Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Agalinis setacea (J.F. Gmel.) Raf. – Needle-Leaf Agalinis Native (CoC 10); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Agalinis tenuifolia (Vahl) Raf. – Slender Agalinis Native (CoC 4); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions flava (L.) Farw. – Smooth False Fox-Glove Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Aureolaria pedicularia (L.) Raf. ex Pennell – Fern-Leaved False Fox-Glove

NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Page 63

New York City EcoFlora

Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Aureolaria virginica (L.) Pennell – Downy False Fox-Glove Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Castilleja coccinea (L.) Spreng. – Indian Paint-Brush, Scarlet Paint-Brush Native (CoC 7); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Conopholis americana (L.) Wallr. – Squawroot Native (CoC 7); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Epifagus virginiana (L.) W.P.C. Barton – Beech-Drops Native (CoC 7); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Melampyrum lineare Desr. – Cow-Wheat Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Orobanche minor Sm. – Lesser Broome-Rape Non-Native; Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Orobanche uniflora L. – One-Flowered Broom-Root Native (CoC 4); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Pedicularis canadensis L. – Wood-Betony, Eastern Lousewort Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Pedicularis lanceolata Michx. – Marsh Lousewort Native (CoC 7); Pending; NYS Threatened Observations Specimens Interactions Aquifoliaceae Thunb. – Japanese Non-Native; Frequent; Invasive Observations Specimens Interactions (L.) A. Gray – Inkberry Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions (Pursh) A. Gray – Smooth Winterberry Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions (L.) M. Powell, Savol & S. Andrews – Mountain Holly Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Aiton var. opaca – American Holly Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions (L.) A. Gray – Common Winterberry Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions aparinoides Pursh – Marsh Bellflower Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions L. – Creeping Bellflower Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions cardinalis L. – Cardinal Flower Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions L. – Indian Tobacco Native (CoC 1); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Lobelia nuttallii Roem. & Schult. – Nuttall's Lobelia Native (CoC 7); Pending; NYS Rare Observations Specimens Interactions L. var. siphilitica – Great Blue Lobelia Native (CoC 5); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Lam. var. spicata – Common Spiked Lobelia Native (CoC 4); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions perfoliata (L.) Nieuwl. – Common Venus' Looking-Glass Native (CoC 7); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions trifoliata L. – Buck-Bean Native (CoC 9); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions peltata (S.G. Gmel.) Kuntze – Yellow Floating-Heart Non-Native; Naturalized; NYS Prohibited; Invasive Observations Specimens Interactions millefolium L. – Yarrow Native (CoC 0); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions

NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Page 64

New York City EcoFlora

Ageratina altissima (L.) R.M. King & H. Rob. var. altissima – Common White Snakeroot Native (CoC 4); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions aromatica (L.) Spach – Small-Leaved White Snakeroot Native (CoC 5); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions L. – Common Native (CoC 0); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions L. – Giant Ragweed Native (CoC 3); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions margaritacea (L.) Benth. & Hook. f. – Pearly Everlasting Native (CoC 2); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions howellii Greene subsp. canadensis (Greene) R.J. Bayer – Canada Pussy-Toes Native (CoC 2); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Greene subsp. neodioica (Greene) R.J. Bayer – Small Pussy-Toes Native (CoC 2); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Greene – Field Pussy-Toes Native (CoC 2); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Fernald subsp. fallax (Greene) R.J. Bayer & Stebbins – Deceitful Pussy-Toes Native (CoC 3); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Antennaria parlinii Fernald subsp. parlinii – Parlin's Pussy-Toes Native (CoC 3); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Antennaria plantaginifolia (L.) Hook. – Plantain-Leaved Pussy-Toes Native (CoC 4); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions arvensis L. – Corn Chamomile Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Anthemis L. – Stinking Chamomile, Mayweed Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions minus (Hill) Bernh. – Lesser Burdock Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions annua L. – Sweet Annie Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Willd. – Biennial Wormwood Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions L. subsp. caudata (Michx.) H.M. Hall & Clem. – Sand Wormwood Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Besser – Beach Wormwood, Dusty Miller Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions L. – Mugwort Non-Native; Frequent; NYS Prohibited; Invasive Observations Specimens Interactions halimifolia L. – Groundsel-Tree Native (CoC 7); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions perennis L. – English-Daisy Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions aristosa (Michx.) Britton – Midwestern Beggar-Ticks Non-Native; Pending Observations Specimens Interactions L. – Spanish-Needles Native (CoC 0); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions L. – Nodding Beggar-Ticks Native (CoC 4); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Muhl. ex Willd. – Purple-Stemmed Beggar-Ticks Native (CoC 4); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions (Torr. & A. Gray) Britton – Few-Bracted Beggar-Ticks Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions L. – Devil's Beggar-Ticks Native (CoC 2); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions (L.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. – Smooth Beggar-Ticks Native (CoC 6); Pending; NYS Threatened Observations Specimens Interactions (Michx.) Britton – Crowned Beggar-Ticks Native (CoC 10); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions L. subsp. comosa (A. Gray) A. Haines – Straw-Stemmed Beggar-Ticks

NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Page 65

New York City EcoFlora

Native (CoC 4); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Greene – Tall Beggar-Ticks Native (CoC 0); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions asteroides (L.) L'Hér. var. recognita (Fernald & Griscom) Cronquist – Northern Doll's-Daisy Non-Native; Pending Observations Specimens Interactions nutans L. – Nodding-Thistle, Musk Thistle Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions cyanus L. – Bachelor's-Button Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions L. – Brown Knapweed Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions L. – Black Knapweed Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Willd. – Tyrol Knapweed Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions L. – Yellow Star-Thistle Non-Native; Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Centaurea L. – Spotted Knapweed Non-Native; Naturalized; NYS Prohibited; Invasive Observations Specimens Interactions virginianum L. – Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions mariana (L.) Elliott – Golden- Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions intybus L. – Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions altissimum (L.) Spreng. – Tall Thistle Native (CoC 10); Historical - Last seen 1889 Observations Specimens Interactions (L.) Scop. – Creeping Thistle, Canada Thistle Non-Native; Naturalized; NYS Prohibited; Invasive Observations Specimens Interactions (Muhl. ex Willd.) Spreng. – Field Thistle Native (CoC 1); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Michx. var. horridulum – Yellow Thistle, Giant Thistle Native (CoC 5); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Michx. – Swamp Thistle Native (CoC 9); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions (Nutt.) Spreng. subsp. pumilum – Pasture Thistle Native (CoC 1); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions (Savi) Ten. – Bull Thistle Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions mixtus (L.) Chevall. – Weedy Dog- Non-Native; Pending Observations Specimens Interactions coelestinum (L.) DC. – Mist-Flower Non-Native; Cultivated Observations Specimens Interactions grandiflora Hogg ex Sweet – Big-Flowered Coreopsis, Big-Flowered Tickseed Non-Native; Pending Observations Specimens Interactions L. – Long-Stalked Coreopsis, Long-Stalked Tickseed Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Nutt. – Pink Coreopsis, Pink Tickseed Native (CoC 9); Pending; NYS Rare Observations Specimens Interactions capillaris (L.) Wallr. – Smooth Hawk's-Beard Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions xanthiifolia (Nutt.) Fresen. – Burweed-Marsh-Elder Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions infirma (Michx.) Greene – Cornel-Leaved White-Aster Native (CoC 8); Historical - Last seen 1883 Observations Specimens Interactions (Mill.) Nees var. umbellata – Tall Flat-Topped White-Aster Native (CoC 4); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions prostrata (L.) L. – Yerba-De-Tago Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions

NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Page 66

New York City EcoFlora

Erechtites hieraciifolius (L.) Raf. ex DC. var. hieraciifolius – Common Pilewort Native (CoC 3); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions annuus (L.) Pers. – Annual Daisy Fleabane Native (CoC 0); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions L. var. canadensis – Common Horseweed Native (CoC 0); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions L. var. philadelphicus – Philadelphia Fleabane Native (CoC 2); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Michx. var. pulchellus – Robin's-Plantain Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Muhl. ex Willd. – Small Daisy Fleabane Native (CoC 0); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions altissimum L. – Tall Thoroughwort Native (CoC 0); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions L. – Hyssop-Leaved Thoroughwort Native (CoC 3); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions (DC.) Torr. & A. Gray – White-Bracted Thoroughwort Native (CoC 10); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions L. – Boneset Native (CoC 3); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Walter – Ragged Thoroughwort Native (CoC 4); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Eupatorium pubescens Muhl. ex Willd. – Hairy Thoroughwort Native (CoC 10); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Torr. ex DC. – Resinous Thoroughwort Native (CoC 10); Historical - Last seen 1845 Observations Specimens Interactions L. – Round-Leaved Thoroughwort Native (CoC 10); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Michx. – Late Thoroughwort Native (CoC 1); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions L. – Upland Thoroughwort Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Eupatorium torreyanum Short & R. Peter – Torrey's Thoroughwort Native (CoC 10); Pending; NYS Threatened Observations Specimens Interactions divaricata (L.) G.L. Nesom – White Wood-Aster Native (CoC 6); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions (L.) Cass. – Large-Leaved-Aster Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions (Aiton) G.L. Nesom – Rough-Aster Native (CoC 10); Historical - Last seen 1910; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions (Nees) Nees – Schreber's-Aster Native (CoC 5); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions (Aiton) G.L. Nesom – Showy-Aster Native (CoC 5); Pending; NYS Threatened Observations Specimens Interactions caroliniana (L.) Greene ex Porter & Britton – Slender Flat-Topped-Goldenrod Native (CoC 4); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions (L.) Nutt. – Common Flat-Topped-Goldenrod Native (CoC 1); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions dubium (Willd. ex Poir.) E.E. Lamont – Coastal Plain Joe-Pye-Weed Native (CoC 10); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions (Barratt) E.E. Lamont – Hollow Joe-Pye-Weed Native (CoC 1); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions (L.) E.E. Lamont var. maculatum – Spotted Joe-Pye-Weed Native (CoC 4); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions (L.) E.E. Lamont var. purpureum – Purple Joe-Pye-Weed Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions parviflora Cav. – Lesser Quickweed, Lesser Galinsoga Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Ruiz & Pav. – Common Quickweed, Common Galinsoga

NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Page 67

New York City EcoFlora

Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions pensylvanica (Willd.) Cabrera – Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions (L.) Cabrera – Purple-Cudweed Native (CoC 0); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions uliginosum L. – Low Cudweed Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions autumnale L. – Common Sneezeweed Native (CoC 4); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Raf. – Purple-Headed Sneezeweed Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions angustifolius L. – Swamp Sunflower Native (CoC 10); Pending; NYS Threatened Observations Specimens Interactions L. – Common Sunflower Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions L. – Thin-Leaved Sunflower Native (CoC 7); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions L. – Woodland Sunflower Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions L. – Tall Sunflower Native (CoC 4); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Raf. – Hairy Sunflower Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Nutt. subsp. petiolaris – Prairie Sunflower Non-Native; Pending Observations Specimens Interactions L. – Rough Sunflower Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Helianthus tuberosus L. – Jerusalem Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions helianthoides (L.) Sweet subsp. helianthoides – Smooth Ox-Eye Native (CoC 5); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions echioides (L.) Holub – Bristly-Ox-Tongue Non-Native; Pending Observations Specimens Interactions subaxillaris (Lam.) Britton & Rusby – Camphor-Weed Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions caespitosum Dumort – Yellow King-Devil Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions L. – Beaked Hawkweed Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Hieracium kalmii L. – Canada Hawkweed Native (CoC 5); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions L. – Wall Hawkweed Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions L. – Panicled Hawkweed Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions L. – Savoy Hawkweed Non-Native; Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Michx. – Sticky Hawkweed Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions L. – Rattlesnake Hawkweed Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions radicata L. – Hairy Cat's-Ear Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions helenium L. – Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions linariifolia (L.) Greene – Stiff-Leaved-Aster Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions frutescens L. – Saltmarsh-Elder Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions

NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Page 68

New York City EcoFlora

Krigia biflora (Walter) S.F. Blake – Two-Flowered Dwarf-Dandelion Native (CoC 4); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions virginica (L.) Willd. – Virginia Dwarf-Dandelion Native (CoC 3); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions biennis (Moench) Fernald – Tall Blue Lettuce Native (CoC 1); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions L. – Tall Lettuce Native (CoC 1); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions (L.) Gaertn. – Woodland Lettuce Native (CoC 10); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Muhl. ex Nutt. – Tall Hairy Lettuce Native (CoC 5); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions L. – Prickly Lettuce Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions communis L. – Nipplewort Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions saxatilis Lam. subsp. saxatilis – Lesser Hawk-Bit Non-Native; Pending Observations Specimens Interactions vulgare Lam. – Ox-Eye-Daisy Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions scariosa (L.) Willd. var. novae-angliae (Lunell) Gandhi, S.M. Young & P. Somers – New England Blazing-Star Native (CoC 9); Pending; NYS Threatened Observations Specimens Interactions (L.) Willd. var. spicata – Button Blazing-Star Native (CoC 10); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions chamomilla L. – Geman Chamomile Non-Native; Pending Observations Specimens Interactions DC. – Pineappleweed Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions scandens (L.) Willd. – Climbing Hempweed, Climbing Boneset Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions albus (L.) Hook. – White Rattlesnake-Root Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions (L.) Hook. – Tall Rattlesnake-Root Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Nabalus racemosus (Michx.) Hook. – Glaucous Rattlesnake-Root Native (CoC 10); Historical - Last seen 1891 Observations Specimens Interactions Nabalus serpentarius (Pursh) Hook. – Lion's-Foot Rattlesnake-Root Native (CoC 10); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Nabalus trifoliolatus Cass. – Three-Leaved Rattlesnake-Root Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions acuminata (Michx.) Greene – Whorled Wood-Aster Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Oligoneuron rigidum (L.) Small var. rigidum – Stiff Flat-Topped-Goldenrod Native (CoC 3); Pending; NYS Threatened Observations Specimens Interactions acanthium L. – Non-Native; Waif Observations Specimens Interactions L. subsp. acanthium – Scotch Thistle Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions aurea (L.) Á. Löve & D. Löve – Golden Ragwort Native (CoC 7); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions (Muhl. ex Willd.) W.A. Weber & Á. Löve – Round-Leaved Ragwort Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions (Michx.) Á. Löve & D. Löve – Balsam Groundsel Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions hieracioides L. – Hawkweed Ox-Tongue Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions aurantiaca (L.) F.W. Schultz & Sch. Bip. – Orange Hawkweed Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions (Dumort.) P.D. Sell. & C. West – Yellow Hawkweed

NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Page 69

New York City EcoFlora

Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Vaill. – Mouse-Ear Hawkweed Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Pilosella piloselloides (Vill.) Soják – Glaucous-Leaved Hawkweed Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions falcata (Pursh) Nutt. – Sickle-Leaved Golden-Aster Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions odorata (L.) Cass. – Saltmarsh-Fleabane Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions obtusifolium (L.) Hilliard & B.L. Burtt – Fragrant Rabbit-Tobacco Native (CoC 2); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions hirta L. – Common Black-Eyed Susan Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions L. var. laciniata – Green-Headed Coneflower Native (CoC 5); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions L. var. triloba – Three-Lobed Coneflower Native (CoC 1); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions autumnalis (L.) Moench – Fall-Dandelion Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions viscosus L. – Sticky Groundsel Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions L. – Common Groundsel Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions asteroides (L.) Nees – Toothed White-Topped-Aster Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions (L.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. – Narrow-Leaved White-Topped-Aster Native (CoC 10); Pending; NYS Threatened Observations Specimens Interactions perfoliatum L. – Cup-Plant Non-Native; Naturalized; NYS Prohibited; Invasive Observations Specimens Interactions altissima L. subsp. altissima – Tall Goldenrod Native (CoC 1); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Aiton var. arguta – Cut-Leaved Goldenrod Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions L. – Silver-Rod Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions L. var. caesia – Blue-Stemmed Goldenrod, Wreath Goldenrod Native (CoC 6); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions L. var. canadensis – Canada Goldenrod Native (CoC 0); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions L. – Zig-Zag Goldenrod Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Aiton – Swamp Goldenrod Native (CoC 3); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Aiton – Early Goldenrod Native (CoC 3); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Mill. – Elliott's Goldenrod Native (CoC 6); Historical - Last seen 1926; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Banks ex Pursh – Large-Leaved Goldenrod Native (CoC ); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Aiton subsp. nemoralis – Gray Goldenrod Native (CoC 3); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Aiton – Sweet Goldenrod Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Muhl. ex Willd. – Rough-Leaved Goldenrod Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Mill. var. rugosa – Common Wrinkle-Leaved Goldenrod Native (CoC 1); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Solidago rugosa Mill. var. sphagnophila C.B. Graves – Swamp Wrinkle-Leaved Goldenrod Native (CoC 10); Historical Observations Specimens Interactions

NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Page 70

New York City EcoFlora

Solidago sempervirens L. – Northern Seaside Goldenrod Native (CoC 4); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Nutt. – Showy Goldenrod Native (CoC 5); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Nutt. – Bog Goldenrod Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Muhl. ex Willd. var. ulmifolia – Elm-Leaved Goldenrod Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions arvensis L. subsp. arvensis – Field Sow-Thistle Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions (L.) Hill – Spiny-Leaved Sow-Thistle Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions L. – Common Sow-Thistle Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions boreale (Torr. & A. Gray) Á. Löve & D. Löve – Northern Bog-Aster Native (CoC 10); Pending; NYS Threatened Observations Specimens Interactions Symphyotrichum ciliolatum (Lindl.) Á. Löve & D. Löve – Lindley's-Aster Native (CoC 5); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Symphyotrichum concolor (L.) G.L. Nesom var. concolor – Eastern Silvery-Aster Native (CoC 10); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Symphyotrichum cordifolium (L.) G.L. Nesom – Heart-Leaved-Aster Native (CoC 4); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions (L.) G.L. Nesom – Bushy-Aster Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions (L.) G.L. Nesom var. ericoides – Heath-Aster Native (CoC 1); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions (L.) Á. Löve & D. Löve var. laeve – Smooth-Aster Native (CoC 2); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Symphyotrichum lanceolatum (Willd.) G. L. Nesom – White Panicle Aster Native (CoC ); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Symphyotrichum lanceolatum (Willd.) G.L. Nesom var. lanceolatum – Lance-Leaved-Aster Native (CoC 1); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Symphyotrichum lateriflorum (L.) Á. Löve & D. Löve – Calico-Aster Native (CoC 0); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Symphyotrichum lowrieanum (Porter) G.L. Nesom – Lowrie's-Aster Native (CoC 4); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Symphyotrichum novae-angliae (L.) G.L. Nesom – New England-Aster Native (CoC 1); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Symphyotrichum novi-belgii (L.) G.L. Nesom var. novi-belgii – Common New York-Aster Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions (Aiton) G.L. Nesom var. patens – Common Late Purple-Aster Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions (Willd.) G.L. Nesom var. pilosum – Frostweed-Aster Native (CoC 0); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Symphyotrichum pilosum (Willd.) G.L. Nesom var. pringlei (A. Gray) G.L. Nesom – Pringle's-Aster Native (CoC 0); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions (Poir.) G.L. Nesom – Willow-Leaved-Aster Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Symphyotrichum prenanthoides (Muhl. ex Willd.) G.L. Nesom – Crooked-Stemmed-Aster Native (CoC 3); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions (L.) Á. Löve & D. Löve var. puniceum – Purple-Stemmed-Aster Native (CoC 4); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions (Elliott) G.L. Nesom – Small White-Aster Native (CoC 0); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions (Michx.) G.L. Nesom – Annual Saltmarsh-Aster Native (CoC 6); Pending; NYS Threatened Observations Specimens Interactions Symphyotrichum tenuifolium (L.) G.L. Nesom – Perennial Saltmarsh-Aster Native (CoC 7); Pending; NYS Rare Observations Specimens Interactions Symphyotrichum tradescantii (L.) G.L. Nesom – Tradescant's-Aster

NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Page 71

New York City EcoFlora

Native (CoC 9); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Symphyotrichum undulatum (L.) G.L. Nesom – Wavy-Leaved-Aster Native (CoC 5); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Symphyotrichum urophyllum (Lindl.) G.L. Nesom – Arrow-Leaved-Aster Native (CoC 1); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions (L.) Sch. Bip. – Fever-Few Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Tanacetum vulgare L. – Common Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions erythrospermum Andrz. – Red-Seeded Dandelion Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions F.H. Wigg. – Common Dandelion Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions dubius Scop. – Fistulous Salsify Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions L. – Purple Salsify Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions L. – Meadow Salsify Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions inodorum (L.) Sch. Bip. – Scentless Mayweed Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions farfara L. – Colt's-Foot Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions alternifolia (L.) Britton ex Kearney – Wingstem Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions noveboracensis (L.) Michx. – New York Ironweed Native (CoC 3); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions spinosum L. – Spiny Cocklebur Non-Native; Pending Observations Specimens Interactions L. – Canada Cocklebur Native (CoC 1); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Adoxaceae Sambucus canadensis L. – Common Elderberry Native (CoC 4); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Viburnum acerifolium L. – Maple-Leaved Viburnum Native (CoC 7); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Viburnum cassinioides L. – Native (CoC ); Historical - Last seen 1915 Observations Specimens Interactions Viburnum dentatum L. – Arrow-Wood Native (CoC ); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Viburnum dilatatum Thunb. – Linden Viburnum Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Viburnum lantanoides Michx. – Hobble-Bush Native (CoC ); Historical - Last seen 1819 Observations Specimens Interactions Viburnum lentago L. – Nannyberry Native (CoC 4); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Viburnum opulus L. var. americana Aiton – American Cranberry Bush Native (CoC ); Observations Specimens Interactions Viburnum opulus L. var. opulus – European Cranberry Bush Non-Native; Observations Specimens Interactions Viburnum plicatum Thunb. – Japanese Snowball Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Viburnum prunifolium L. – Black-Haw Native (CoC 4); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Viburnum rafinesqueanum Schult. – Downy Arrowwood Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Viburnum setigerum Hance – Tea Viburnum Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions

NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Page 72

New York City EcoFlora

Viburnum sieboldii Miq. – Siebold's Viburnum Non-Native; Frequent; Invasive Observations Specimens Interactions Caprifoliaceae Diervilla lonicera Mill. – Bush-Honeysuckle Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Dipsacus fullonum L. – Wild Teasel Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Lonicera dioica L. – Smooth-Leaved Honeysuckle Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Lonicera fragrantissima Lindl. & Paxton – Winter Honeysuckle Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Lonicera japonica Thunb. – Japanese Honeysuckle Non-Native; Frequent; NYS Prohibited; Invasive Observations Specimens Interactions Lonicera maackii (Rupr.) Maxim. – Amur Honeysuckle Non-Native; Frequent; NYS Prohibited; Invasive Observations Specimens Interactions Lonicera morrowii A. Gray – Morrow's Honeysuckle Non-Native; Frequent; NYS Prohibited; Invasive Observations Specimens Interactions Lonicera sempervirens L. – Trumpet Honeysuckle, Coral Honeysuckle Native (CoC 5); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Lonicera tatarica L. – Tatarian Honeysuckle Non-Native; Naturalized; NYS Prohibited; Invasive Observations Specimens Interactions Symphoricarpos orbiculatus Moench – Coralberry Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Triosteum aurantiacum E.P. Bicknell – Orange-Fruited Horse-Gentian Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Triosteum perfoliatum L. – Perfoliate-Leaved Horse-Gentian Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Valeriana officinalis L. – Common Valerian, Garden Valerian, Garden Heliotrope Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Valerianella locusta (L.) Laterr. – European Corn-Salad Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions elata (Miq.) Seem. – Japanese -Tree Non-Native; Frequent; NYS Prohibited; Invasive Observations Specimens Interactions Vent. – Bristly Sarsaparilla Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions L. – Wild Sarsaparilla Native (CoC 6); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions L. – Spikenard Native (CoC 7); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions helix L. – English Ivy Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions americana L. – American Marsh-Pennywort Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions trifolius L. – Dwarf Ginseng Native (CoC 8); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions podagraria L. – Goutweed Non-Native; Frequent; Invasive Observations Specimens Interactions L. – Fool's- Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Anethum graveolens L. – Dill Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions L. – Purple-Stemmed Angelica Native (CoC 4); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions L. – Sea-Coast Angelica Native (CoC 10); Pending; NYS Threatened Observations Specimens Interactions (J. Greenway) Fernald – Hairy Angelica, Deadly Angelica

NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Page 73

New York City EcoFlora

Native (CoC 8); Pending; NYS Rare Observations Specimens Interactions sylvestris (L.) Hoffm. – Wild Non-Native; Frequent; NYS Prohibited; Invasive Observations Specimens Interactions carvi L. – Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions maculata L. var. maculata – Spotted Water-Hemlock Native (CoC 5); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions chinense (L.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. – Hemlock-Parsley Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions maculatum L. – Poison-Hemlock Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions sativum L. – Non-Native; Pending Observations Specimens Interactions canadensis (L.) DC. – Honewort Native (CoC 6); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions carota L. – Wild Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions bulbosa (Michx.) Nutt. – Harbinger-Of-Spring Native (CoC ); Waif Observations Specimens Interactions aquaticum L. var. aquaticum – Marsh Eryngo Native (CoC 10); Historical Observations Specimens Interactions maximum W. Bartram – Cow- Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions L. subsp. sphondylium – European Cow-Parsnip Non-Native; Pending Observations Specimens Interactions claytonii (Michx.) C.B. Clarke – Bland Sweet- Native (CoC 7); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions (Torr.) DC. – Aniseroot, Long-Styled Sweet-Cicely Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions rigidior (L.) Raf. – Cow-Bane Native (CoC 9); Pending - Last seen 1983; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions sativa L. – Wild Parsnip Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions capillaceum (Michx.) Raf. – Mock Bishopweed Native (CoC 8); Pending; NYS Rare Observations Specimens Interactions canadensis L. var. canadensis – Common Canada Sanicle, Common Canada Snakeroot Native (CoC 7); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions L. – Maryland Sanicle, Maryland Snakeroot Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions (Raf.) Pryer & Phillippe – Clustered Sanicle, Clustered Snakeroot Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions suave Walter – Hemlock- Water-Parsnip Native (CoC 6); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions integerrima (L.) Drude – Yellow Pimpernel Native (CoC 7); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions aptera (A. Gray) Fernald – Heart-Leaved Golden Alexanders Native (CoC 8); Historical - Last seen 1920 Observations Specimens Interactions (L.) W.D.J. Koch – Common Golden Alexanders Native (CoC 4); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions

NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Page 74

New York City EcoFlora

NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Page 75