The following is a preliminary list of the vascular plants of New York City with links to observations, specimens and biological interactions. The list includes order; family; scientific name; common name: status in the New York City flora (native or non-native; extant (for natives), naturalized (for nonnatives), waif, historical or pending, frequency (rare, infrequent, frequent); and notes such as New York state legal protection or invasiveness. The coefficient of conservatism (CoC) value is listed for native species. This is a measure of the plant's fidelity to particular habitats, where 0 indicates no fidelity and 10 indicates a strong correlation with a narrow habitat range. The CoC values reported here were assigned by the New York Natural Heritage Program and the New York Flora Association. Lycopodiales Lycopodiaceae Dendrolycopodium obscurum (L.) A. Haines – Flat-Branched Tree-Clubmoss Native (CoC 5); Rare Observations Specimens Interactions Diphasiastrum digitatum (Dill. ex A. Braun) Holub – Southern Ground-Cedar Native (CoC 4); Rare Observations Specimens Interactions Huperzia lucidula (Michx.) Trevis. – Shining Firmoss Native (CoC 5); Historical - Last seen 1900 Observations Specimens Interactions Lycopodiella alopecuroides (L.) Cranfill – Foxtail Bog-Clubmoss Native (CoC 7); Historical - Last seen 1900 Observations Specimens Interactions Lycopodiella appressa (Chapm.) Cranfill – Appressed-Leaved Bog-Clubmoss, Swamp Bog-Clubmoss Native (CoC 7); Historical - Last seen 1941 Observations Specimens Interactions Lycopodiella inundata (L.) Holub – Northern Bog-Clubmoss Native (CoC 8); Rare Observations Specimens Interactions Isoetales Isoetaceae Isoetes engelmannii A. Braun – Engelmann's Quillwort Native (CoC 6); Historical - Last seen 1990 Observations Specimens Interactions Selaginellales Selaginellaceae Selaginella apoda (L.) C. Morren – Meadow Spikemoss Native (CoC 6); Rare Observations Specimens Interactions Selaginella rupestris (L.) Spring – Rock Spikemoss Native (CoC 9); Historical - Last seen 1990 Observations Specimens Interactions Equisetales Equisetaceae Equisetum arvense L. – Field Horsetail, Common Horsetail Native (CoC 2); Frequent Observations Specimens Interactions Equisetum fluviatile L. – River Horsetail Native (CoC 4); Historical - Last seen 1922 Observations Specimens Interactions Equisetum hyemale L. subsp. affine (Engelm.) Calder & Roy L. Taylor – Common Scouring-Rush Native (CoC 2); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Ophioglossales Ophioglossaceae Botrychium dissectum Spreng. – Dissected Grapefern Native (CoC 3); Rare Observations Specimens Interactions Botrychium multifidum (S.G. Gmel.) Rupr. – Leathery Grapefern Native (CoC 3); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Botrychium oneidense (Gilbert) House – Oneida Grapefern, Blunt-Lobed Grape-Fern Native (CoC 5); Historical - Last seen 1893; NYS Threatened Observations Specimens Interactions Botrychium virginianum (L.) Sw. – Rattlesnake Fern Native (CoC 8); Rare Observations Specimens Interactions Ophioglossum pusillum Raf. – Northern Adder's-Tongue Native (CoC 5); Historical - Last seen 1990 Observations Specimens Interactions New York City EcoFlora Osmundales Osmundaceae Osmunda claytoniana L. – Interrupted Fern Native (CoC 4); Infrequent Observations Specimens Interactions Osmunda spectabilis Willd. – Royal Fern Native (CoC 6); Infrequent Observations Specimens Interactions Osmundastrum cinnamomeum (L.) C. Presl var. cinnamomeum – Cinnamon Fern Native (CoC 6); Infrequent Observations Specimens Interactions Salviniales Salviniaceae Azolla cristata Kaulf. – Mosquito Fern Native (CoC 2); Rare Observations Specimens Interactions Polypodiales Dennstaedtiaceae Dennstaedtia punctilobula (Michx.) T. Moore – Hay-Scented Fern Native (CoC 4); Frequent Observations Specimens Interactions Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn subsp. latiusculum (Desv.) Hultén – Eastern Bracken Fern Native (CoC 3); Infrequent Observations Specimens Interactions Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn subsp. pseudocaudatum (Clute) Hultén – Southeastern Bracken Fern Native (CoC 3); Historical; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Pteridaceae Adiantum pedatum L. – Maidenhair Fern Native (CoC 8); Rare Observations Specimens Interactions Myriopteris lanosa (Michx.) Grusz & Windham – Wooly Lip Fern, Hairy Lip Fern Native (CoC 10); Historical - Last seen 1990; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Pellaea atropurpurea (L.) Link – Purple Cliff-Brake Native (CoC 9); Rare Observations Specimens Interactions Cystopteridaceae Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh. – Brittle Bladderfern Native (CoC ); Rare Observations Specimens Interactions Cystopteris protrusa (Weath.) Blasdell – Lowland Fragile Fern Native (CoC 10); Rare; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Cystopteris tenuis (Michx.) Desv. – Mackay's Fragile Fern Native (CoC 7); Rare Observations Specimens Interactions Gymnocarpium dryopteris (L.) Newman – Oak Fern Native (CoC 8); Historical - Last seen 1990 Observations Specimens Interactions Aspleniaceae Asplenium platyneuron (L.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. – Ebony Spleenwort Native (CoC 5); Frequent Observations Specimens Interactions Asplenium rhizophyllum L. – Walking Fern Native (CoC 10); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Asplenium ruta-muraria L. – Wall-Rue Native (CoC 10); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Asplenium trichomanes L. subsp. trichomanes – Maidenhair Spleenwort Native (CoC 9); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Thelypteridaceae Phegopteris connectilis (Michx.) Watt – Long Beech Fern Native (CoC 7); Historical - Last seen 1990 Observations Specimens Interactions Phegopteris hexagonoptera (Michx.) Fée – Broad Beech Fern Native (CoC 7); Infrequent Observations Specimens Interactions Thelypteris noveboracensis (L.) Nieuwl. – New York Fern Native (CoC 4); Infrequent Observations Specimens Interactions Thelypteris palustris Schott var. pubescens (G. Lawson) Fernald – Marsh Fern Native (CoC 4); Infrequent Observations Specimens Interactions Thelypteris simulata (Davenp.) Nieuwl. – Massachusetts Fern Native (CoC 8); Historical - Last seen 1910 Observations Specimens Interactions Woodsiaceae Woodsia ilvensis (L.) R. Br. – Rusty Woodsia, Rusty Cliff Fern Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Page 2 New York City EcoFlora Woodsia obtusa (Spreng.) Torr. – Blunt-Lobed Woodsia, Blunt-Lobed Cliff Fern Native (CoC 7); Frequent Observations Specimens Interactions Onocleaceae Onoclea sensibilis L. – Sensitive Fern Native (CoC 2); Frequent Observations Specimens Interactions Blechnaceae Woodwardia areolata (L.) T. Moore – Netted Chain Fern Native (CoC 10); Rare Observations Specimens Interactions Woodwardia virginica (L.) Sm. – Virginia Chain Fern Native (CoC 9); Rare Observations Specimens Interactions Athyriaceae Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth – Ladyfern Native (CoC ); Infrequent Observations Specimens Interactions Athyrium niponicum (Mett.) Hance var. pictum (Maxwell) Fraser-Jenk. – Japanese Painted Fern Non-Native; Waif Observations Specimens Interactions Deparia acrostichoides (Sw.) M. Kato – Silvery Spleenwort Native (CoC 8); Rare Observations Specimens Interactions Dryopteridaceae Dryopteris carthusiana (Vill.) H.P. Fuchs – Spinulose Wood Fern Native (CoC 6); Rare Observations Specimens Interactions Dryopteris celsa (W. Palmer) Knowlt., W. Palmer, & Pollard – Log Fern Native (CoC 10); Rare; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Dryopteris clintoniana (D.C. Eaton) Dowell – Clinton's Wood Fern Native (CoC 8); Historical - Last seen 1990 Observations Specimens Interactions Dryopteris cristata (L.) A. Gray – Crested Wood Fern Native (CoC 8); Historical Observations Specimens Interactions Dryopteris goldiana (Hook. ex Goldie) A. Gray – Goldie's Wood Gern Native (CoC 9); Rare Observations Specimens Interactions Dryopteris intermedia (Muhl. ex Willd.) A. Gray – Evergreen Wood Fern, Fancy Wood Fern, Common Wood Fern Native (CoC 5); Infrequent Observations Specimens Interactions Dryopteris marginalis (L.) A. Gray – Marginal Wood Fern Native (CoC 6); Infrequent Observations Specimens Interactions Matteuccia struthiopteris (L.) Tod. – Ostrich Fern Native (CoC ); Cultivated Observations Specimens Interactions Polystichum acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott – Christmas Fern Native (CoC 6); Infrequent Observations Specimens Interactions Polypodiaceae Polypodium appalachianum Haufler & Windham – Appalachian Polypody Native (CoC 7); Historical - Last seen 1910 Observations Specimens Interactions Polypodium virginianum L. – Virginian Rock Polypody Native (CoC 7); Rare Observations Specimens Interactions Pinales Pinaceae Pinus echinata Mill. – Short-Leaved Pine Native (CoC 10); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Pinus resinosa Aiton – Red Pine Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Pinus rigida Mill. – Pitch Pine Native (CoC 8); Pending Observations Specimens Interactions Pinus strobus L. – White Pine Native (CoC 3); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Pinus sylvestris L. – Scotch Pine Non-Native; Naturalized Observations Specimens Interactions Pinus virginiana Mill. – Virginia Pine Native (CoC 3); Pending; NYS Endangered Observations Specimens Interactions Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carrière – Eastern Hemlock Native (CoC 7); Extant Observations Specimens Interactions Cupressales Cupressaceae NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Page 3 New York City EcoFlora Chamaecyparis thyoides (L.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. – Atlantic White Cedar