Papyrus Paper: Ancient Writing Material Papyrus Paper Was Developed in Ancient Egypt and Has Many Uses

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Papyrus Paper: Ancient Writing Material Papyrus paper was developed in ancient Egypt and has many uses. Papyrus is a thin paper-like material made from the papyrus plant. Papyrus was first used in ancient Egypt, dating back to the fourth millennium BCE. Egyptians used papyrus as a writing material, as well as using it to construct other items such as baskets, maps and rope. In the first centuries BCE and CE, papyrus was replaced as a writing surface in Europe in favor of parchment, which was prepared from animal skins. Papyrus was relatively cheap and easy to produce, but it was fragile and susceptible to moisture. Parchment was an improvement on the papyrus scroll, as the papyrus was not pliable enough to fold without cracking and a scroll was required to create longer texts. Papyrus was still commonly used in Egypt until paper became available around the 12th century. Traditionally, papyrus is made from the stem of the papyrus plant, Cyperus papyrus. First, the outer rind is removed and then the sticky inner pith (tissue) is cut lengthwise into thin strips. These strips are soaked in water. The strips are then placed side by side on a hard surface with their edges slightly overlapping, and then another layer of strips is laid on top at a right angle. While still moist, the two layers are hammered together, creating a single sheet. The sheet is then dried. After drying, the sheet is polished to a smooth surface by rubbing it with a rock or shell. .

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Some Observations on the Nature of Papyrus Bonding
]. Ethnobiol. 11(2):193-202 Winter 1991 SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE NATURE OF PAPYRUS BONDING PETER E. SCORA Moreno Valley, CA 92360 and RAINER W. SCORA Department of Botany and Plant Sciences University of California Riverside, CA 92521 ABSTRACT.-Papyrus (Cyperus papyrus, Cyperaceae) was a multi-use plant in ancient Egypt. Its main use, however, was for the production of laminated leaves which served as writing material in the Mediterranean world for almost 5000 years. Being a royal monopoly, the manufacturing process was kept secret. PI~us Secundus, who first described this process, is unclear as to the adhesive forces bonding the individual papyrus strips together. Various authors of the past century advanced their own interpretation on bonding. The present authors believe that the natural juices of the papyrus strip are sufficient to bond the individual strips into a sheet, and that any additional paste used was for the sole purpose of pasting the individual dried papyrus sheets into a scroll. RESUMEN.-EI papiro (Cyperus papyrus, Cyperaceae) fue una planta de uso multiple en el antiguo Egipto. Su uso principal era la produccion de hojas lami nadas que sirvieron como material de escritura en el mundo meditarraneo durante casi 5000 anos. Siendo un monopolio real, el proceso de manufactura se mantema en secreto. Plinius Secundus, quien describio este proceso por primera vez, no deja claro que fuerzas adhesivas mantenlan unidas las tiras individuales de papiro. Diversos autores del siglo pasado propusieron sus propias interpretaciones respecto a la adhesion. Consideramos que los jugos naturales de las tiras de papiro son suficientes para adherir las tiras individuales y formar una hoja, y que cual quier pegamento adicional se usa unicamente para unir las hojas secas individuales para formar un rollo.
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Ancient Rome
HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY Ancient Julius Caesar Rome Reader Caesar Augustus The Second Punic War Cleopatra THIS BOOK IS THE PROPERTY OF: STATE Book No. PROVINCE Enter information COUNTY in spaces to the left as PARISH instructed. SCHOOL DISTRICT OTHER CONDITION Year ISSUED TO Used ISSUED RETURNED PUPILS to whom this textbook is issued must not write on any page or mark any part of it in any way, consumable textbooks excepted. 1. Teachers should see that the pupil’s name is clearly written in ink in the spaces above in every book issued. 2. The following terms should be used in recording the condition of the book: New; Good; Fair; Poor; Bad. Ancient Rome Reader Creative Commons Licensing This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. You are free: to Share—to copy, distribute, and transmit the work to Remix—to adapt the work Under the following conditions: Attribution—You must attribute the work in the following manner: This work is based on an original work of the Core Knowledge® Foundation (www.coreknowledge.org) made available through licensing under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. This does not in any way imply that the Core Knowledge Foundation endorses this work. Noncommercial—You may not use this work for commercial purposes. Share Alike—If you alter, transform, or build upon this work, you may distribute the resulting work only under the same or similar license to this one. With the understanding that: For any reuse or distribution, you must make clear to others the license terms of this work.
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Learning Objective: to Find out About the First Writing Systems
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