DOCSLIB.ORG

ACTA UNIVERSITATIS STOCKHOLMIENSIS Stockholm Studies in Economic History 51

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
ACTA UNIVERSITATIS STOCKHOLMIENSIS Stockholm Studies in Economic History 51 ACTA UNIVERSITATIS STOCKHOLMIENSIS Stockholm Studies in Economic History 51 Fordismens kris och löntagarfonder i Sverige Ilja Viktorov Stockholm University © Ilja Viktorov, Stockholm 2006 ISSN 0346-8305 ISBN 91-85445-51-7 Typesetting: Intellecta Docusys Printed in Sweden by Intellecta Docusys, Västra Frölunda, 2006 Distributor: Stockholm University Library Omslagsbild: Demonstrationen mot löntagarfonder den 4 oktober 1983, Stockholm (© foto från Svenskt Näringslivs arkiv, Centrum för Näringslivshistoria) Till min Mamma Посвящается моей маме Innehåll Förkortningar .............................................................................x Erkänsla / Acknowledgments...................................................11 Kapitel 1. Inledning ..................................................................15 Bakgrund .......................................................................................................................15 Syfte...............................................................................................................................19 Tidigare forskning..........................................................................................................19 Teori och begrepp. Den fordistiska debattens tre riktningar .........................................25 Metod.............................................................................................................................30 Avgränsning...................................................................................................................30 Källor..............................................................................................................................31 Frågeställningar och avhandlingens disposition ...........................................................34 Kapitel 2. Fordismen och dess kris i Sverige: allmänna utgångspunkter........................................................................38 Inledning ........................................................................................................................38 Tidigare forskning..........................................................................................................39 Fordismens kris: den teoretiska debatten .....................................................................44 Reguleringsskolan ...................................................................................................44 Den neoschumpeterianska ansatsen ......................................................................46 Teorin om industriella paradigm ..............................................................................47 Fordismen som produktionsparadigm...........................................................................49 Arbetslivets inbyggda motsättningar under massproduktionens dominans i Sverige...54 Arbetsmarknadens institutionella struktur och lönebildningen under fordismen i Sverige .......................................................................................................................................58 Koncentration av makt och ägande under den fordistiska epoken i Sverige................65 Sammanfattning ............................................................................................................69 Kapitel 3. Löntagarfonderna: historisk bakgrund samt presentation av samtliga förslag ..............................................73 Inledning ........................................................................................................................73 Tidigare forskning..........................................................................................................74 LO och frågan om kollektiv kapitalbildning under 1950- och 1960-talen ......................76 Frågan om makt- och ägarkoncentration mot bakgrund av det svenska samhällets radikalisering i slutet av 1960- och början av 1970-talen..............................................80 LO-kollektivet och övervinsternas problematik i början av 1970-talet...........................83 Branschfondsfrågan och övervinstproblematiken inom LO:s höglöneförbund under 1973-1974 .....................................................................................................................92 Från ursprungliga förslag till lagstiftning........................................................................95 Förslaget 1975 .........................................................................................................95 Förslaget 1976 .........................................................................................................99 Förslaget 1978 .......................................................................................................101 Förslaget 1981 .......................................................................................................103 Förslaget 1983 .......................................................................................................108 Sammanfattning ..........................................................................................................109 Kapitel 4. Rösterna från verkstadsgolvet. Hur arbetarna såg på löntagarfonderna....................................................................113 Inledning ......................................................................................................................113 Tidigare forskning........................................................................................................114 Begreppen ekonomisk och industriell demokrati ........................................................115 Källkritiska påpekanden ..............................................................................................117 Undersökningens tillvägagångssätt ............................................................................120 LO:s rådslag om löntagarfonder från 1975 .................................................................124 LO-enkäter om löntagarfonder från 1975 som historiska källor ............................124 Statistisk analys av kampanjen 1975.....................................................................125 Kvalitativ analys av enkäter från 1975 års kampanj ..............................................130 LO-SAP rådslag om löntagarfonder från 1978............................................................145 LO-enkäter om löntagarfonder från 1978 som historiska källor ............................145 Statistisk analys av kampanjen 1978.....................................................................146 Kvalitativ analys av enkäter från 1978 års kampanj ..............................................152 Sammanfattning ..........................................................................................................153 Kapitel 5. Den svenska socialdemokratin och löntagarfonder ...............................................................................................157 Inledning ......................................................................................................................157 Tidigare forskning........................................................................................................158 Funktionssocialism mot ekonomisk demokrati: två idétraditioner i den svenska socialdemokratin..........................................................................................................162 Funktionssocialism.................................................................................................162 Ernst Wigforss vision av ekonomisk demokrati .....................................................165 SAP-kongressen 1975 och motioner om kollektiv kapitalbildning ..............................170 SAP:s ledning och löntagarfondsfrågan mellan kongressen 1975 och fondförslaget 1978.............................................................................................................................176 Rådslaget 1978 – SAP:s medlemmars åsikter om det andra fondförslaget ...............180 Statistisk redovisning .............................................................................................181 ”Ekonomisk demokrati kan aldrig genomföras med bibehållen marknadsekonomi” ...............................................................................................................................182 Inflytande................................................................................................................185 Kapitalbildning och sysselsättning .........................................................................186 Löntagarfonderna och riksdagsvalet......................................................................189 SAP:s ledare och löntagarfonder efter rådslaget 1978 – fortsatt avradikalisering av förslaget.......................................................................................................................190 Sammanfattning ..........................................................................................................201 Kapitel 6. SAF och löntagarfonder.........................................205 Inledning ......................................................................................................................205 Tidigare forskning........................................................................................................207 Vinstdelningsproblematik och SAF 1970-75 ...............................................................212 Arbetsgivarna avvaktar: 1975-1977 ............................................................................217
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Guide to the Victor G. Reuther Papers LP000002BVGR
    *XLGHWRWKH9LFWRU*5HXWKHU3DSHUV /3B9*5 7KLVILQGLQJDLGZDVSURGXFHGXVLQJ$UFKLYHV6SDFHRQ0DUFK (QJOLVK 'HVFULELQJ$UFKLYHV$&RQWHQW6WDQGDUG :DOWHU35HXWKHU/LEUDU\ &DVV$YHQXH 'HWURLW0, 85/KWWSVUHXWKHUZD\QHHGX Guide to the Victor G. Reuther Papers LP000002_VGR Table of Contents Summary Information .................................................................................................................................... 4 History ............................................................................................................................................................ 4 Scope and Content ......................................................................................................................................... 5 Arrangement ................................................................................................................................................... 7 Administrative Information ............................................................................................................................ 8 Related Materials ........................................................................................................................................... 9 Controlled Access Headings .......................................................................................................................... 9 Collection Inventory ....................................................................................................................................... 9 Series I: Reuther Brothers,
    [Show full text]
  • Constructing Labour Regionalism in Europe and the Americas, 1920S–1970S*
    IRSH 58 (2013), pp. 39–70 doi:10.1017/S0020859012000752 r 2012 Internationaal Instituut voor Sociale Geschiedenis Constructing Labour Regionalism in Europe and the Americas, 1920s–1970s* M AGALY R ODRI´ GUEZ G ARCI´ A Vrije Universiteit Brussel/Research Foundation Flanders (FWO) Pleinlaan 2-5B 407d, 1050 Brussels, Belgium E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: This article provides an analysis of the construction of labour regionalism between the 1920s and 1970s. By means of a comparative examination of the supranational labour structures in Europe and the Americas prior to World War II and of the decentralized structure of the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU), I attempt to defend the argument that regionalism was a labour leaders’ construct that responded to three issues: the quest for power among the largest trade-union organizations within the international trade-union movement; mutual distrust between labour leaders of large, middle-sized, and small unions from different regions; and (real or imaginary) common interests among labour leaders from the same region. These push-and-pull factors led to the construction of regional labour identifications that emphasized ‘‘otherness’’ in the world of international labour. A regional labour identity was intended to supplement, not undermine, national identity. As such, this study fills a lacuna in the scholarly literature on international relations and labour internationalism, which has given only scant attention to the regional level of international labour organization. This article provides a comparative analysis of the construction of regional identifications among labour circles prior to World War II, and to the formalization of the idea of regionalism within the International Con- federation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU1) after 1949.
    [Show full text]
  • Wori(Ers' Participation
    Xto I 1 -/ )~ WORI(ERS' PARTICIPATION CHRISTER ASPLUND INSTITUTEOP!N9US TR! A1 APR Ca974 INTERNATIONAL CONFEDERATION OF FREE TRADE UNIONS BRUSSELS S~ome aspects of workers' participation: A survey prepared for the ICFTU by CHRISTER ASPLUND a member of the research staff of the Swedish Central Organisation of Salaried Employees (TCO) INTERNATIONAL CONFEDERATION OF FREE TRADE UNIONS - BRUSSELSWcM tT-7I2I ? INTERNATIONAL CONFEDERATION OF FREE TRADE UNIONS Rue Montagne aux Herbes Potageres, 37-41 - B - 1000 Brussels May 1972 Price: 50 p., $ 1.25 D/1972/0403/8 2 F O R E W O R D Although the term itself is relatively new, the idea behind " workers' participation" has roots going deep into the history of the labour move- ment. Reduced to its simplest form it is merely a question of how to secure a bigger say for the workers in the determination of the conditions governing their everyday working lives. In recent years, however, the growing concentration of production in ever bigger units and the increasing remoteness of the real centres of economic power, especially with the spread of huge multinational com- panies, have lent added urgency to the problem. In every country, whatever its political set-up may be, the worker- at the place of work - is most of the time up against a system which has little in common with democracy. However strong the trade union may be, most of the vital decisions about the organisation and tempo of production, investment, the distribution of profits, the use of manpower, training, promotion, hiring and firing, are still management prerogatives.
    [Show full text]
  • Boycotts and Sanctions Against South Africa: an International History, 1946-1970
    Boycotts and Sanctions against South Africa: An International History, 1946-1970 Simon Stevens Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2016 © 2016 Simon Stevens All rights reserved ABSTRACT Boycotts and Sanctions against South Africa: An International History, 1946-1970 Simon Stevens This dissertation analyzes the role of various kinds of boycotts and sanctions in the strategies and tactics of those active in the struggle against apartheid in South Africa. What was unprecedented about the efforts of members of the global anti-apartheid movement was that they experimented with so many ways of severing so many forms of interaction with South Africa, and that boycotts ultimately came to be seen as such a central element of their struggle. But it was not inevitable that international boycotts would become indelibly associated with the struggle against apartheid. Calling for boycotts and sanctions was a political choice. In the years before 1959, most leading opponents of apartheid both inside and outside South Africa showed little interest in the idea of international boycotts of South Africa. This dissertation identifies the conjuncture of circumstances that caused this to change, and explains the subsequent shifts in the kinds of boycotts that opponents of apartheid prioritized. It shows that the various advocates of boycotts and sanctions expected them to contribute to ending apartheid by a range of different mechanisms, from bringing about an evolutionary change in white attitudes through promoting the desegregation of sport, to weakening the state’s ability to resist the efforts of the liberation movements to seize power through guerrilla warfare.
    [Show full text]
  • Socialists at the Gate: Swedish Business and the Defense of Free
    SOCIALISTS AT THE GATE Rikard Westerberg Twice in the last century, organized capital in Sweden clashed with organized labor on the issue of private ownership and state intervention. First, in the 1940s following proposals on increased regulation, higher taxes, and potential nation- alization. Thirty years later, when business interests felt pressured by radical- SOCIALISTS AT THE GATE ized politics and a threat of losing ownership to union-controlled wage-earner funds in the midst of an economic crisis. For the captains of industry, the perils SWEDISH BUSINESS AND THE DEFENSE of socialism were to be fought by convincing the general public of the benefits OF FREE ENTERPRISE, 1940–1985 of free enterprise and assisting the non-socialists parties to return to power. This study analyzes business counter-reactions: its attempt to influence public opinion through PR-campaigns, public protests, research financing, press sub- sidies, and political donations. Applying theories on interest group formation and with access to previously closed archives, it finds that it was the level of radicalism within the internationally uniquely strong Swedish labor movement which incentivized business to act. It also analyzes the previously unresearched connections between Swedish employers and pro-market organizations abroad, including the relationship between prominent free-market economists and pub- lic-relations experts within the Swedish business community. In addition to shedding new light on how organized business tried to reach its Westerberg Rikard political goals during the Cold War era, the thesis helps us understand how ideas of deregulation, competition, and individual choice got a foothold in a country so characterized by social democracy.
    [Show full text]
  • Dimitrus Tsarouhas- Social Democracy in Sweden
    SOCIAL DEMOCRACY IN SWEDEN Dimitris Tsarouhas is Assistant Professor at the Department of International Relations, Bilkent University, Turkey. He has published on labour politics and social partnership, comparative social policy and Europeanization. SOCIAL DEMOCRACY IN SWEDEN The Threat from a Globalized World DIMITRIS TSAROUHAS Tauris Academic Studies LONDON • NEW YORK Published in 2008 by Tauris Academic Studies, an imprint of I.B. Tauris & Co Ltd 6 Salem Road, London W2 4BU 175 Fifth Avenue, New York NY 10010 www.ibtauris.com In the United States of America and in Canada distributed by Palgrave Macmillan a division of St Martins Press, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York NY 10010 Copyright © 2008 Dimitris Tsarouhas The right of Dimitris Tsarouhas to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted by the author in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patent Act 1988. All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations in a review, this book, or any part thereof, may not be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Library of European Studies 6 ISBN: 978 1 84511 786 3 A full CIP record for this book is available from the British Library A full CIP record for this book is available from the Library of Congress Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: available Printed and bound in India by Thomson Press from camera-ready copy supplied by Oxford Publishing Services Contents List of Tables and Figures vi Acronyms and Abbreviations vii Note on Transliteration x Acknowledgements xi 1.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Misunderstanding the Swedish Model Svante Nycander* Abstract
    1 Misunderstanding the Swedish Model Svante Nycander* Abstract: Labour historians and labour law researchers tend to neglect the fact that Swedish industrial relations developed in a situation of “collective laissez faire”, that prevailed between 1864 and the 1970s. The political background of the Swedish labour law and employer-union relations has often been distorted. The reshaping of labour legislation that took place in the 1970s was fundamental. Researchers have seen this sharp turn of policy as an effect of trade union influence, but contemporary documents tell another story. The paper is based on the author´s recent work “Makten över arbetsmarknaden. Ett perspektiv på Sveriges 1900-tal. (The Power over the Labour Market. A perspective on Sweden´s 20th Century. SNS Förlag, Stockholm 2002.) Economic laissez-faire was introduced in Sweden in 1864, year zero in the development of modern Swedish industrial relations. In the labour market, the predominant doctrine became “the free employment contract”; the few remaining regulations were soon disregarded and in general seen as obsolete. Trade unions, strikes, lockouts and collective bargaining were left to the free play of economic and social forces. Neither the government nor the courts tried to enforce free competition and individual contracts in the labour market, as in Great Britain and America. Few labour disputes came before the courts. 1 Jörgen Westerståhl, Sweden´s foremost political scientist, wrote in 1945 that the incipient trade union movement “acted within a sphere that the existing legislation left almost totally unregulated”. He made an extensive survey of the Swedish Parliament´s legislative activity in this field until the late 1930s and concluded that this was in the main a negative story, a story about proposals that had been rejected.
    [Show full text]
  • Swedish Social Democracy and the Vietnam War
    AND THE VIETNAM WAR SWEDISH SOCIAL DEMOCRACY SWEDISH West European leaders had good reasons to oppose US Vietnam war policy. It threatened to alter the global balance of power while igniting unrest at home. Such turbulence led to a radicalized political atmosphere domestically. In this new environment, the “New Left” established a SOCIAL powerful foothold among the “68-generation”. In many West European countries the new radical left rejected the older Socialist and Communist parties in favor of more radical political alternatives. In Sweden the Social Democratic government struggled to maintain a DEMOCRACY workable relationship with Washington while at the same time placating domestic anti-war opinion – thus preventing this issue from being hijacked by the far left. How did the Swedish Social Democrats resolve this dilemma? AND THE Although this is the most written-about episode in Swedish postwar diplomacy, this is the first book to scrutinize the impact of Sweden,s Vietnam War policy on its domestic politics. VIETNAM WAR CARL-GUSTAF SCOTT CARL-GUSTAF Södertörns högskola | www.sh.se/publications | [email protected] CARL-GUSTAF SCOTT CARL-GUSTAF Swedish Social Democracy and the Vietnam War SWEDISH SOCIAL DEMOCRACY AND THE VIETNAM WAR CARL-GUSTAF SCOTT CARL-GUSTAF Södertörns högskola (Södertörn University) Library SE-141 89 Huddinge www.sh.se/publications © Carl-Gustaf Scott Cover: Jonathan Robson Graphic form: Per Lindblom & Jonathan Robson Printed by Elanders, Stockholm 2017 Södertörn Academic Studies 64 ISSN 1650-433X ISBN 978-91-87843-35-8
    [Show full text]
  • Neutrality and Solidarity in Nordic Humanitarian Action
    HPG Working Paper Neutrality and solidarity in Nordic humanitarian action Carl Marklund January 2016 HPG Humanitarian Policy Group About the author Carl Marklund is a Stockholm-based researcher in history and political science. He has published widely on Nordic welfare state policies, public diplomacy and global outreach, especially during the Cold War era. Acknowledgements The author wishes to thank Christina Bennett and Matthew Foley at the Overseas Development Institute, Eleanor Davey at the Humanitarian and Conflict Response Institute at University of Manchester, Norbert Götz at the Institute for Contemporary History at Södertörn University and Agneta Landqvist at Swedish Fundraising Control for invaluable assistance during the finalisation of this Working Paper. Humanitarian Policy Group Overseas Development Institute 203 Blackfriars Road London SE1 8NJ United Kingdom Tel. +44 (0) 20 7922 0300 Fax. +44 (0) 20 7922 0399 E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.odi.org/hpg © Overseas Development Institute, 2016 Readers are encouraged to quote or reproduce materials from this publication but, as copyright holders, ODI requests due acknowledgement and a copy of the publication. This and other HPG Reports are available from www.odi.org.uk/hpg. Contents Acronyms iii 1 An introduction to Nordic humanitarian action 1 1.1 Outline 2 2 Humanitarian action and the world wars 5 2.1 Humanitarian action during and after the Second World War 6 2.2 Post-war relief 7 3 Post-war aid frameworks and government structures 9 3.1 Government ministries
    [Show full text]
  • Trade Union Neutrality? the Swedish Trade Union Confederation (LO) and the Trade Union International at the Beginning of the Cold War
    RESEARCH PAPERS Trade Union Neutrality? The Swedish Trade Union Confederation (LO) and the Trade Union International at the Beginning of the Cold War Klaus Misgeld Cruquiusweg 31 1019 AT Amsterdam The Netherlands Tel. + 31 20 6685866 Fax + 31 20 6654181 IISH Research Papers 1. Tony Saich, Frank Pieke, The Chinese People’s Movement Spring 1989: Some Initial Impressions. Amsterdam, 1989 2. Ursula Langkau-Alex, “Der Kampf für die Demokratie und den Frieden”. Die Debatte in der Sozialistische Arbeiter- Internationale 1938/1939. Amsterdam, 1991. Zweite, um Literatur erweiterte Auflage 1992. 3. Jan Lucassen, Dutch Long Distance Migration. A Concise History 1600-1900. Amsterdam, 1991 4. Jan Lucassen (red.), Symposium Racisme en Arbeidsmarkt: IISG september 1991. Amsterdam 1992. 5. C.H. Wiedijk (in samenwerking met L.J. Altena, J.M. Peet, G.J. Schutte en H.E.S. Woldring, Kalendarium “Honderd jaar sociaal 1891–1991”. Amsterdam, 1992. 6. Marcel van der Linden en Jan Willem Stutje, De Nederlandse vakbeweging, haar basis en de staat. Een lange-termijn- perspectief. Amsterdam, 1992. 7. Tjebbe van Tijen, Je bevrijden van de drukpers. Jongeren en hun eigen pers in Nederland: 1945-1990. Met een bibliografisch aanhangsel over de tijdschriften van Provo, Kabouter, de culturele underground- en kraakbeweging, vrije stadskranten en punkfanzines. Amsterdam 1993. 8. Emile Schwidder, Selected Bibliography on “Labour and the Law in Historical Perspective”. Amsterdam 1993. 9. Jan Gielkens, Books and articles on German labour law. Selected Bibliography. Amsterdam 1993. 10. Larry Peterson, The Free Labor Unions and Arbeiter-Unionen in Rhineland-Westphalia, 1920-1924: Statistical Sources. Amsterdam, 1993. 11. Gijs Kessler, Vakbonden in verandering.
    [Show full text]
  • Friendship Beyond the Atlantic Labor Feminist International Contacts After the Second World War
    Worlds of Women International Material in the Collections of ARAB Friendship beyond the Atlantic Labor feminist international contacts after the second world war Dorothy Sue Cobble ARAB-WORKING PAPER 7 2012 ARAB-WORKING PAPER 7 WORLDS OF WOMEN INTERNATIONAL MATERIAL IN THE COLLECTIONS OF ARAB Labour movement archives and library Stockholm Box 1124 S-11181 Stockholm, Sweden TEL +46-18-412 39 00 www.arbark.se Friendship beyond the Atlantic: Labor feminist international contacts after the second world war Dorothy Sue Cobble For a list of Wow Papers, see page www.arbark.se/wow © Copyright 2012, Dorothy Sue Cobble All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission of the publisher. Worlds of Women – International Material in ARAB’s collections (WoW) is a project at ARAB to highlight and promote research on working women’s transnational relations. Through distribution of these works ARAB hopes to encourage international research and exchange. The project is financed by Riksbankens Jubileumsfond ARAB-Working Papers is an online publication series inaugurated by the Labour movement archives and library, Stockholm (ARAB). Editors: Ulf Jönson, Kalle Laajala& Silke Neunsinger Cover image: Esther Peterson. (Source: Morgonbris.) “I find it very interesting to be ‘dipping’ into the international field … I’m afraid my experience had been quite ‘domestic’ before this trip!’ U.S. garment union leader Esther Peterson wrote from Stockholm, Sweden in 1949.i Esther Eggertsen Peterson had gone to Stockholm in 1948 with her husband, Oliver Peterson, the newly-appointed U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Naip 1 0 0 0
    Reactions to Apartheid Reactions to Apartheid Relief and Boycott The years 1959-61 saw the emergence in Sweden of expressions of organized solidarity with the oppressed majority in South Africa in the form of a fundraising campaign, a consumer boycott and a national committee to coordinate and strengthen the various initiatives undertaken to raise awareness about apartheid. A number of influential South African politicians started at this time to visit Sweden and exiled students were received by Swedish universities. Following the SFS campaign against the Extension of the University Education Act, in September 1959 the Swedish government raised the issue of black South African students in the UN General Assembly and from 1960 the ruling Social Democratic Party began to pay attention to the situation in South Africa at the traditional Labour Day rallies. The first organized expression of solidarity outside the student movement was the Fund for the Victims of Racial Oppression in South Africa,1 set up by the writer and journalist Per Wastberg together with Gunnar Helander in September 1959. Wdstberg2 had been a Rotary scholar in Rhodesia. Writing a series of articles for Dagens Nyheter, he was asked in mid-1959 to leave the country, subsequently spending some time in South Africa. It was at the time of the Treason Trial. More than any previous Swedish observer, Wdstberg would during his short stay not only contact a number of leading cultural personalities, such as Nadine Gordimer, the future Nobel literature laureate, but the political opposition in general and ANC in particular. The contacts resulted in informative presentations of the Congress and its allies in Dagens Nyheter and other foraj describing both the strength and the precarious situation of the 1 In Swedish, Fondenfdr Rasfdslnyckets Offer i Sydafrika.
    [Show full text]