1-14 Book 1 Layout.Indd

The Gamers, Inc.

Civil War, Brigade Series 1.0 Terrain & Map 2.0 General Special Clash of Volunteers Rules First Battle of Bull Run Notes

Three Battles of Manassas 1.1 Centreville 2.1 Defensive Orders A Civil War, Brigade Series Game Defenses Do not use the Defensive Orders optional rules with the First Bull Run Game Design: Thomas Prowell The breastworks around Centreville scenarios—units need to be able to defend Series Design: Dean Essig were constructed after First Bull Run and without orders. Research Assistance: Stephen Graham are not used in these scenarios. Playtesting: David Antonio, Carl Barden, 2.2 Brigade Goals 1.2 O&A Railroad Bridge Jon Boley, Rob Bottos, Stephen Graham, First Bull Run, especially for the Boyd Schorzman, Greg Ullrich, Mark The RR bridge across Bull Run on Confederate side, requires divisional goals Woloshen. Map C is considered destroyed in all (Brigade Goals) for infantry brigades as well scenarios. as cavalry and artillery. Infantry brigades Table of Contents accept orders with a receiver rating of 2, 1... Introduction 1.3 Unfinished Railroad and have a nominal leader rating of 2 for Counter Notes Cut Corps Attack Stoppage (as a Corps of 1 1.0 Terrain & Map Notes This is a natural trench providing division). 2.0 General Special Rules cover for units that occupy it. Units that Any Brigade that becomes wrecked 2... 3.0 Union Special Rules receive all fire directed at them (from while operating on a brigade goal, suffers the 4.0 Confederate Special Rules regular fire combat or close combat) through -6 “wrecked brigade of a wrecked division” 3... 5.0 Victory Conditions Unfinished Railroad hexsides apply the morale penalty. Brigades operating under a 6.0 Scenarios modifiers for being in a Trench. All units divisional structure apply the appropriate 14... Design Notes pay +1 MP to cross an Unfinished Railroad -4 or -6 penalty. 15... Historical Notes hexside. Without orders, any Confederate 16... Bibliography brigade, and those Union brigades on 1.4 Turn Record Track Brigade Goals, may voluntarily ECR Introduction whenever enemy units are within 5 hexes Ignore the two “detours” on the Turn of their location. Confederate brigades Battles at Bull Run is a set of three Record Track; they are not used in First complete games in The Gamers’ Civil War, must ECR toward the South map edge Bull Run scenarios (Dawn begins at 4:00 and Union brigades toward Centreville. Brigade Series, covering engagements am and dusk begins at 7:30 pm). outside Manassas, Virginia. Clash of Units that are across Bull Run may retreat Volunteers presents the battle the Rebels toward the nearest crossing point that leads, called Manassas. To the Union, it was the respectively, to Centreville or the South Battle of Bull Run. map edge. On July 21, 1861, the untried Union and Artillery units may be given Brigade Goals and may be assigned to a brigade Confederate armies met at Bull Run. This Quality Wargames Since 1988 first large fight of the Civil War resulted in as part of a Brigade Goal order. Artillery a narrow Rebel victory and ended the public units that are attached to a brigade can perception that the young war would be a operate freely within 2 hexes and are not short one. required to stack with a unit of the brigade. Confederate artillery units are attached to M M P the brigade they setup with or enter with. Counter Notes M M P See the Second Bull Run rulebook for Multi-Man Publishing a description of changes on some standard CWB counters.

2.3 Close Combat 3.2 Anti-Initiatives 4.0 Confederate Special In all Close Combat engagements, the All Union division leaders have a -1 Rules Morale Table Modifier for the attacker is anti-initiative. increased to -8. Should the close combat After Tyler’s run-in at Blackburn’s Ford involve the Odds Table, the attacker is on July 18, he received a “dressing-down” 4.1 Army Command limited to an ‘A’ strength level regardless from McDowell that made commanders While technically there are two Rebel of actual size. hesitant to act independently. armies on the field, the Confederates act In this early stage of the war, leaders as a single unified force with Beauregard were inexperienced in handling large bodies 3.3 Detachments and Johnston sharing Army command. of men and tended to commit their regiments Any Union division, which has at Both of these leaders function as normal in piecemeal fashion. least 3 brigades currently under its control, Army commanders and can issue orders to may detach one brigade on a Brigade any CSA brigade. When Beauregard and 2.4 Straggler Recovery goal. Attachments may be given as part Johnston are in play, a combined total of 20 All units are allowed to recover of a scenario setup, but otherwise are not Command Points are available each turn. Stragglers. Units on Brigade Goals may allowed. Beauregard has a 0 rating on the ignore the command radius restriction, but counter front and a 2 rating on its back. all other normal conditions apply. 3.4 Union Minor The rating he starts with is indicated in each scenario setup, and may change when Variants 2.5 Headquarters Johnston becomes “active” (see below). 3.4a Howard’s Brigade. In scenarios At all times, Beauregard is limited to the Army HQ counters are not used in First where Howard’s brigade (3-3) is scheduled number of Command Points his leader Bull Run. Army commanders may issue to arrive at 1pm, he may arrive instead with rating would normally provide (10 or orders from their actual location. Orders the rest of 3 Div at 11am. This option gives 15). issued to leaders in the same hex arrive the Confederate player 1 VP. In any scenario where Johnston is immediately and may roll for acceptance in 3.4b Union Cavalry. Allow Palmer in play, his current status will be given the same command phase. However, Army to enter or setup with McDowell in any as Active or Inactive. When Inactive, commanders on both sides are limited to scenario except 6.1. Palmer is independent Johnston has no command function. He one IPV bonus per day. and does not require orders. This option may become Active on a successful initiative Historically, McDowell’s headquarters gives the Confederate player 1 VP. roll (ignore Loose Cannon results) and can did not accompany him in the field, and Historically, the Union cavalry was make one such roll per turn. When Johnston during this battle, once the action started; very poor and did not contribute to the becomes Active, flip Beauregard to his 2 Beauregard led “from the front”. The larger battle. This option gives them a more rated side and let both leaders function as formal HQ and staff were not yet present effective role. Army Commanders. Once Active, Johnson this early in the war. 3.4c Runyon’sDivision. Allow remains that way for the rest of the game. Runyon and 2-4 to enter or setup with 1-4. Should Beauregard become a casualty, 3.0 Union Special Rules When this option is used, all of 4 Div may Johnston automatically becomes Active. If arrive 2 hours earlier than scheduled. This Johnston becomes a casualty, Beauregard 3.1 Army Command option gives the Confederate player 2 VP. commands the Army with a leader rating McDowell commands the Army of Runyon’s division was composed of of 2. If both become casualties, use a Repl Northeast Virginia (ANEVa). He must issue unbrigaded militia and volunteer regiments leader as Army Commander. orders directly to each division in the form who were considered unreliable. Some of J.E. Johnston was the senior of divisional goals. To establish a Brigade these troops showed up late on July 21, commander at Manassas. However, upon Goal, a division must accept an order, from trying to restore order during the Union his arrival he decided to leave Beauregard the Army commander or via initiative, that rout. in command. As events unfolded he took a McCunn’s Provisional Brigade. contains instructions for one of its brigades. 3.4d more active role, and in the process inspired Once detached from its division, a brigade When listed in a scenario, the Prov Beauregard to action. Brigade Goals. may receive new orders directly from the Brigade may be added to the Union army 4.1a The Confederate Army commander. and receives orders directly from the Army is composed entirely of brigades with Should McDowell become a casualty, Army commander. This option gives the no Corps or Division structure. The Army the order of succession for Army Command Confederate player 1 VP. commander must issue individual orders is: These four NY regiments were sent directly to brigades in the form of Brigade from Alexandria to Fairfax Court House Goals. Brigade Leaders 1) Tyler to stem the Union rout. They could have 4.1b . Certain brigades 2) Runyon (if in play) been used in the battle. have a Leader Rating printed on the counter 3) Hunter (upper left corner). Any brigade with a 4) Heintzelman Leader Rating may attempt initiative and 5) Miles. accept orders as a leader (receiver) of the same rating. No other benefits are derived from this Leader rating.

4.2 Stuart’s Cavalry 5.2 Wrecked Orders: Stuart is an independent unit and does Formations 1. Jackson has orders to defend Henry Hill. not require orders. He may move freely among hexes that are Each side receives VP for wrecking the same elevation as Henry House. enemy infantry brigades. Each brigade 4.3 Confederate Minor 2. Cocke-B has an order to move to Henry wrecked by casualty and straggler losses Hill on Jackson’s right flank. Variants is worth 1 VP at game end. Each brigade 4.3a Smith’s Brigade. Allow Smith’s wrecked by casualties alone is worth 2 Artillery Ammunition: 20 brigade to enter with Elzey’s brigade at 1:00 VP. pm, or setup with the other AShen units in Reinforcements: Scenario 6.6. This option gives the Union 5.3 Determining Victory 1:30 pm, Entry hex K: Elzey, AShen b(1) player 2 VP. Total the VP for each side and subtract 2:00 pm, Entry hex Q: Bonham-B, Smith had gone ahead to Manassas the Union total from the Confederate total. APot b(2) (with Elzey) to oversee the arrival of some This result will either be positive (in the 2:30 pm, Entry hex R: Early’s Brigade late arriving portions of Bartow and Bee’s CSA favor) or negative (in the USA favor). brigades. These troops never made it to Compare the result to the Victory Chart Orders: Manassas due to a mysterious train wreck. specific to the scenario to determine the All units except Early, have orders to move So Smith, who outranked Elzey, led Elzey’s level of victory. Fractional VP totals are to Henry Hill and extend Jackson’s left flank. brigade in the battle. With this variant, we always rounded down. Early’s brigade may be assigned a Brigade give Elzey back his brigade and assume Goal on the turn it arrives (automatically the troops from Bartow and Bee arrived 6.0 Scenarios accepted). as planned, and Smith is acting as their brigade leader. Union Information 4.3b Johnston Brings Everyone to the 6.1 To Henry Hill Setup: Party. Use the larger Army of Shenandoah This one-map scenario portrays the 1a-2: B19.15 strengths printed on the Confederate Loss most critical moments of the First Battle 2b(1): B20.14 Chart. Smith’s brigade is included in this of Bull Run as both sides fight for control Repl(Hunter), 1b-2, 2b(2): B21.12 variant and does not need to be paid for of Henry House Hill. 3b(2): B23.11 separately. This option gives the Union Heintzelman, 1-3: B20.13 player 6 VP. General Information 2-3: B19.12 This variant assumes Johnston was First Turn: 12:30 pm, July 21, 1861 Tyler, 1-1 (column): B15.23 able to bring his entire army to the battle, Last Turn: 6:00 pm, July 21, 1861 3-1 (column): B14.16 without leaving regiments behind at Scenario Length: 12 turns McDowell: B16.13 Piedmont Station and Manassas. Maps Used: B First Player: Union Orders: 5.0 Victory Conditions 1 Div (only Keyes & Tyler) has order to The game winner is determined by Confederate Information move to B18.19 and then attack to capture the use of Victory Points (VP) awarded Setup: Robinson House. for capturing terrain and damaging enemy Hampton: B22.18 3-1 (Sherman) has a brigade goal to march formations. Db(1): B26.17 to Sudley Road and take up position behind Jackson, AShen b(2): B25.18 ext B24.18 3 Div. 5.1 Terrain ext B26.17 AShen b(2 - 1 gun point): B26.20 (lim- No other units have orders. These points are awarded to the player bered) who was the last to occupy all hexes of Evans, Bee, Bartow: B26.21 (all Artillery Ammunition: 20 the given terrain feature with an infantry Routed*) brigade. Fords and bridges are controlled Cocke-B: B28.29 Reinforcements: by the side that last crossed the hexside or Stuart (1Va): B38.27 1:00 pm, Entry hex G: 3-3 (Howard) with has a friendly unit adjacent to the hexside Beauregard (2): B30.24 Brigade Goal to move to B11.10 with the other side free of enemy units and *Do not use Opt 3.4a. EZOC. * Mark the following casualties. Evans 5, Bee 8, Bartow 6. Special Rules Feature Union CSA 1. McDowell may issue orders directly Centreville 0 6 to any brigade or artillery unit. He is not Entry J or K 5 0 required to do so, he may issue divisional Henry House Hill 3 3 goals normally. McLean House 4 0 2. Mark the following casualties: New Market 4 0 1a-1: 2; 1b-1: 5. Cub Run Bridge 0 3 Stone Bridge 2 2 Victory Ignore conditions in 5.0 and give victory to the side that controls all hexes of Henry House Hill.

6.2 McDowell’s Pincer Orders: 6.3 First Battle of Bull On July 18, McDowell’s original plan 1 Div—Attack along Centreville Road to Run capture Blackburn and Mitchell Fords. had Heintzelman’s 3rd Division crossing This scenario covers the historical Bull Run at Union Mill’s Ford to turn 3 Div—Force a crossing at Union Mill Ford and advance to capture the McLean battle of First Bull Run. McDowell’s the Confederates’ right ﬂank. Tyler with turning maneuver strikes the Confederate 1st Division was ordered to pass through House (C50.16). McCunn (opt)—Move to Centerville. left as the Southern army scrambles to Centreville and march toward Bull Run shift forces from the right. simulating an attack. While Tyler exceeded Special Rules: his orders and attempted to capture General Information Blackburn and Mitchell Fords, McDowell There are no anti-initiatives for Union First Turn: 9:00 am, July 21, 1861 had already cancelled the attack on Union leaders in this scenario and there is no VP Last Turn: 7:30 pm, July 21, 1861 Mills. This scenario allows McDowell’s cost for 3-3 arriving with 3 Div. Scenario Length: 22 turns original plan to unfold, while incorporating Maps Used: B & C the actions of Tyler at Blackburn’s Ford. Victory Determine victory solely by control First Player: Confederate of the terrain features listed below. General Information Confederate Information First Turn: 10:00 am, July 18, 1861 Union CSA Setup: Last Turn: 8:00 pm, July 18, 1861 McLean House 4 0 Evans, Db(1): w/i 3 B19.22 Scenario Length: 21 turns Blackburn Ford 2 2 Cocke-A, APot b(2): B26.26 ex B26.25 Maps Used: C Mitchell Ford 2 2 Cocke-B: B26.31 ex B26.30 ex B27.32 First Player: Union Union Mills Ford 1 3 Bonham-A, APot b(2): C38.12 Historically, Tyler’s attempt to capture Bonham-B: C40.11 Confederate Information Longstreet, APot b(1): C32.16 Setup: Blackburn Ford with only Richardson’s brigade was a failure. Jones, APot b(1): C34.30 Bonham-A, APot b(2): C38.12 Early: C40.19 Bonham-B: C40.11 Ewell, APot b(1): C52.29 Longstreet, APot b(1): C34.17 ex C34.18 Early Start for Campaign Holmes, APot b(2): C57.29 Jones, APot b(1): C45.24 With the following modiﬁcations, Scenario AShen b(2): B40.26 Early, Db(1): C40.19 Bee: B41.27 Ewell, APot b(1): C52.29 6.2 can be used as an early start for a full Manassas campaign. Bartow: B44.27 Beauregard (0), APot Supply: C50.16 Jackson, AShen b(2): w/i 2 C43.11 a) Stuart (1Va): B38.27 Orders: No units have orders. Use maps B & C, and add the following units to the Confederate setup: Beauregard (0), Johnston (Inactive), Evans, Db(1): APot Supply: C50.16 Artillery Ammunition: 25 w/i 3 B19.22 Cocke-A, APot b(2): B26.26 Cocke-B: B28.29 Orders: Reinforcements: None Evans, Bee, Bartow, and AShen b(3) have b) Heintzelmans’ 3 Div may arrive as orders to move to the area of Matthews Hill Union Information indicated in this scenario or may arrive at and Dogan’s Ridge. Setup: None. All units enter as 2pm at Entry F with any orders the Union reinforcements. player wants. No other units have orders. Artillery Ammunition: 25 c) On the 8pm (not am) turn of July 18th, Artillery Ammunition: 60 roll two dice for each Union division listed Reinforcements: in scenario 6.4 that is not yet on the map. Reinforcements: Before play begins, roll one die and Add the result as a number of turns to 9:00 am, Entry K: Hampton Legion add the result as a number of turns to the determine the arrival time for each division. 1:00 pm, Entry J or K: Elzey, AShen 10am* arrival time for Heintzelman and These divisions arrive with orders to “Move b(1) 3rd Division. (10am +3 is 11:30am). All within 4 hexes of Centreville”. other units arrive as scheduled. Orders: d) Extend scenario 6.2 until 5am July 19th Assign Brigade Goals to these units on 10:00 am, Entry F: Tyler, 4-1, 1b(1). and continue play using the reinforcement the turn they arrive (all immediately 10:00 am*, Entry G: Heintzelman, 3 schedule, artillery ammo, Special Rules, accepted). Div (all). and Victory from Scenario 6.4. 11:00 am, Entry F: 3-1, 1b(2) Union Information 12 Noon, Entry F: 2-1, 1b(2) Setup: 1:00 pm, Entry F: 1-1 1-1: B16.30 3:00 pm, Entry F: McDowell, McCunn’s 2-1, 1b(2): B18.27 Prov Brigade (opt). 3-1, 1b(2): B16.27 Tyler: B15.33 4-1, 1b(1): C26.17 1-5, 5b(2): C11.25

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2-5, 5b(1): C19.20 6.4 Manassas Campaign Orders: Miles: C21.19 Federal fortunes at Bull Run were Holmes—Move to within 3 hexes of vS-5: C20.33 largely the result of 2 wasted days spent C57.29. ANEVa Supply, Prov (opt): C7.27 near Centreville waiting for McDowell to Jackson, Bartow, Bee, and Stuart—Move come up with a plan. This scenario gives to within 6 hexes of McLean House Orders: the Union player a free hand in planning (C50.16). 1 Div has divisional goal to demonstrate and executing a campaign starting on Hampton and Elzey—Assign Brigade (defend) at the Stone Bridge. Tyler is bolted July 19th.. The rebels must hold on until Goal to these units on the turn they arrive. to the ground. The division may not cross critical reinforcements arrive from the (automatically accepted) Bull Run without new orders. Shenandoah. 5 Div, with 4-1 attached, has a divisional Scenario 6.2 can be used as an early Union Information goal to defend the left ﬂank of the Army in start for a full Manassas campaign. See Setup: the area of Centreville Road. Miles is bolted the instructions listed in that scenario for 1-1, Db(1): C7.34 to the ground. vS-5 has a brigade goal to starting on July 18th. Tyler, 2-1, 3-1, 1b(2): w/i 2 C7.27 block the Union Mills Road. 4-1, 2 x 1b(2): C26.17 General Information Miles, 5 Div (all -1 gun point): Artillery Ammunition: 70 First Turn: 5:00 am, July 19 1861 w/i 2 C12.33 Last Turn: 9:00 pm, July 21 1861 Hunter, 2 Div (all): w/i 2 C7.34 Reinforcements: Scenario Length: 112 turns Heintzelman, 3 Div (all): w/i 2 C14.33 9:00 am, Entry B: 2 Div (all) Maps Used: B & C McDowell, Prov (opt): C7.27 10:00 am, Entry B: McDowell First Player: Confederate 11:00 am, Entry B: 1-3, 2-3, 3b(3), Orders: Heintzelman Confederate Information 1-1 (Keyes): In reserve east of Centreville. 1:00 pm, Entry B: 3-3 Setup: May move to join the division when Tyler 3:00 pm, Entry F: 1-4 Evans, Db(1): w/i 3 B19.22 accepts an order. Cocke-A, APot b(2): B26.26 4-1 (Richardson): Brigade Goal to defend Orders: Cocke-B: B28.29 the Centreville Road. 2 Div and 3 Div—Attack along the Bonham-A, APot b(2): C38.12 Manassas-Sudley Road with the objective Artillery Ammunition: Bonham-B: C40.11 20 of seizing Henry House Hill. Longstreet, APot b(1): C34.17 ex C34.18 July 20th (0100): + 25 1-4—Move to Centreville. Jones, APot b(1): C45.24 July 21st (0100): + 30 Early, Db(1): C40.19 Special Rules Reinforcements: Ewell, APot b(1): C52.29 Order delivery, and McDowell himself, 3:00 pm, Entry F: Beauregard (0), APot Supply: C50.16 1-4, Army Supply. cannot cross Stone Bridge or Farm Ford Move to Centreville. until a Union brigade does so. In addition, Orders: No units have orders. Union units may use Stone Bridge at all until Victory a Union brigade has crossed Farm Ford. Artillery Ammunition: 25 Rebel Major: +13 or more July 20th (0100): + 25 Rebel Minor: +3 to +12 Victory July 21st (0100): + 30 Draw: +2 to -5 Rebel Major: +15 or more Union Minor: -6 to -14 Rebel Minor: +5 to +14 Reinforcements: Union Major: -15 or less Draw: +4 to -3 July 19th Union Minor: -4 to -12 11:30 am, Entry K: Holmes, APot b(2) Union Major: -13 or less 1:00 pm, Entry J or K: Jackson July 20th Historical Outcome: The Confederates 9:00 am, Entry J or K: Bartow won a minor victory with 13 VP. 12:30 pm, Entry J: Stuart (1st Va) 1:00 pm, Entry J or K: Johnston (Inactive), Bee, 2 x AShen b(2) July 21st 9:00 am, Entry K: Hampton Legion 1:00 pm, Entry J or K: Elzey, AShen b(1)

6.5 July 20th Attack D1 status to capture Centreville (C7.27), After collecting his army around The Union player may write whatever also marching by way of the Union Mills Centreville, McDowell was poised to attack orders he wishes for his remaining units. Road. on July 20. But he spent that morning These orders start in D1 status. scouting the ﬂank route to Sudley Springs, No other units have orders. giving Johnston time to arrive with the Artillery Ammunition: 60 Army of the Shenandoah. What if McDowell Artillery Ammunition: 75 hadn’t waited? Reinforcements: 3:00 pm, Entry F: 1-4. Move to Reinforcements: None General Information Centreville. First Turn: 6:00 am, July 20, 1861 Union Information Last Turn: 7:30 pm, July 20, 1861 Victory Setup: Scenario Length: 28 turns Rebel Major: +15 or more Tyler, 3-1, 1b(2): C9.16 Maps Used: B & C Rebel Minor: +5 to +14 1-1, 2-1, 1b(2): w/i 2 C10.12 First Player: Union Draw: +4 to -4 4-1, 1b(1): w/i 1 C26.17 Union Minor: -5 to -14 2 Div (all): w/i 1 C7.34 Confederate Information Union Major: -15 or less 3 Div (all): w/i 2 C14.33 Setup: 5 Div (all): w/i 2 C20.19 C18.20 Evans, Db(1): w/i 3 B19.22 Miles: Cocke-A, APot b(2): B26.26 6.6 Beauregard 1-4, McDowell, ANEVa Supply, Prov C7.27 Cocke-B: B28.29 Attacks! (opt): Bonham-A, APot b(2): C38.12 McDowell based his plans on Orders: Bonham-B: C40.11 Patterson keeping Johnston occupied in 4-1 is attached to 5 Div. No units have Longstreet, APot b(1): C34.17 ex C34.18 the Valley. When he learned that Johnston Jones, APot b(1): C45.24 orders. All division commanders are had slipped free to reinforce Beauregard, bolted to the ground. Early, Db(1): C40.19 it’s possible McDowell would have canceled Ewell, APot b(1): C52.29 his attack to consider other options. While Artillery Ammunition: 100 Holmes, APot b(2): C57.29 McDowell pondered what to do next, an Jackson: w/i 2 C43.11 impatient and fully reinforced Beauregard Reinforcements: None Beauregard (0), APot Supply: C50.16 might have ordered his troops to retake Centreville. Orders: Special Rules No units have orders. There are no anti-initiatives for Union General Information leaders. First Turn: 5:00 am, July 22, 1861 Artillery Ammunition: 50 Last Turn: 7:30 pm, July 22, 1861 Victory Scenario Length: 30 turns Reinforcements: Rebel Major: +15 or more Maps Used: B & C Rebel Minor: +5 to +14 10:00 am, Entry J or K: Bartow First Player: Confederate 12:30 pm, Entry J: Stuart (1Va) Draw: +4 to -4 1:00 pm, Entry J: Johnston (Inactive), Union Minor: -5 to -14 Confederate Information Bee, 2 x AShen b(2) Union Major: -15 or less Setup: Evans, Db(1): w/i 3 B19.22 Orders: Design Notes Cocke-A, APot b(2): B26.26 All Units have orders to move within 6 by Thomas Prowell Cocke-B: B26.31 ex B26.30 ex B27.32 hexes of the McLean House (C50.16). Hampton: B30.24 About six months after purchasing Bonham-A, APot b(2): C38.12 Dave Powell’s original August Fury, I Union Information Bonham-B: C40.11 started exploring the possibilities for a First Setup: Longstreet, APot b(1): C32.16 Bull Run game. While it was possible to 1-1, Db(1): w/i 1 C8.31 Jones, APot b(1): C34.30 play out the historical Henry House Hill Tyler, 2-1, 3-1, 2 x 1b(2): w/i 1 C9.18 Early: C40.19 on one of the AF maps, I immediately had 4-1, 1b(1): w/i 1 C26.18 Ewell, APot b(1): C52.29 something a little bigger in mind. 2 Div (all): w/i 1 C7.34 Holmes, APot b(2): C57.29 I really appreciated what Dave 3 Div (all): w/i 1 C14.34 Bartow, Bee, Jackson, Elzey, Stuart, 2 x had done in AF by adding the Gainesville 5 Div (all -1 gun point): w/i 2 C12.33 AShen b(2), AShen b(1): w/i 3 C51.13 map to his design (see the original AF McDowell, ANEVa Supply, Prov (opt): Beauregard (2), Johnston (Active), Designer’s Notes). The extra real estate C7.27 APot Supply: C50.16 allowed players to fully explore alternative Second Bull Run outcomes. Similarly, Orders: Orders: I wanted to give players a chance to see 1-1 (Keyes): In reserve east of Centreville. Jones and Early each have orders to how First Bull Run might have been May move to join the division when Tyler capture Centreville, marching by way of different—this time by extending the play accepts an order. the Union Mills Road. area to the east, so that players could go 4-1 (Richardson) has a brigade goal to Holmes and Ewell each have orders in defend the Centreville Road. through with Beauregard’s aborted strike

Multi-Man Publishing, LLC 403 Headquarters Drive, Suite 7, Millersville MD 21108 Page 14 © 2004 All Rights Reserved. The Gamers, Inc. against Centreville, or try something other playtesters, competitors and great friends. line shielded an important rail center, than McDowell’s flank march. Thanks all—the game wouldn’t exist Manassas Junction. A smaller force The first time you set up the without you. under Brig. Gen. Joseph E. Johnston maps and counters, you’ll be in for quite secured Beauregard’s western flank in the a surprise. While the play area is the same Historical Notes Shenandoah. as other two-map CWB games, the armies by Thomas Prowell Under increasing pressure from are much smaller and far more spread out. the public, Congress and members of his For all its importance, First Bull Run is a For four months, from South Carolina’s own cabinet, Lincoln ordered McDowell small battle in CWB terms. This led to the declaration of secession in December 1860, to move on Richmond. Unsure of himself first challenge of the design, which was tensions had been building up between and his green troops, McDowell begged creating scenarios with replay value. The North and South. Those tensions exploded for more time to prepare his army. Lincoln two armies are so brittle (historically, the on April 12, 1861, when Confederate troops answered by saying, “You are green, it is Union collapsed after taking only 10% under Brig. Gen. P.G.T. Beauregard shelled true, but they are green also.” McDowell losses), that the games tend to be over very Ft. Sumter, outside Charleston, S.C. was not permitted to delay his advance quickly. I felt it was imperative to build Presidents Abraham Lincoln beyond July 16. situations and include enough variants so and Jefferson Davis called for volunteers Consequently, McDowell players would want to “try it again” after to settle the conflict. Popular response to planned his offensive. His plan called for a brief game. the call to arms was enthusiastic and most Patterson to prevent Johnston’s forces from The other challenge faced in people expected the war to be a short one. reinforcing Beauregard. At first, Patterson designing CoV was the Confederate Many your men were eager to fight and did this in fine style. By early July, his 18,000 command system. Because of the lack of find glory before it was over. troops had crossed the Potomac, seized intermediate corps and division command The conventional wisdom was Harpers Ferry and pushed Johnston’s Army structures, it was necessary to have the that one large battle would decide the of the Shenandoah back to Winchester. If player send orders directly to his brigades. matter. It seemed most likely that battle Patterson could just maintain this pressure, At first, I felt this would be too much would take place between Richmond, Va., then McDowell believed his 39,000 troops work. But trying other systems, including site of the new Confederate capitol, and would have a better chance of defeating “activating” brigades and then letting them Washington, D.C., which is just over 100 Beauregard’s 21,000 men. move freely, gave the wrong effect. These miles away. McDowell organized his troops systems provided the Confederate army The Federal armies were officially into five divisions and called it the Army with too much freedom of movement. The under the command of General-in-Chief of Northeast Virginia. To that date, playtests resembled Rorke’s Drift more Winfield Scott, hero of the War of 1812 and McDowell’s army was the largest army than First Bull Run, with the Union army Mexican War. However, Scott, 75 years old fielded in North America. constantly forced to adopt laager-style and afflicted with dropsy, could not ride a Meanwhile, Beauregard was also defenses to prevent Confederate brigades horse; much less take an army into the field. struggling in his attempts to equip and train from assailing their flanks willy-nilly. While he did send troops across the Potomac his enthusiastic but raw troops. His army, Eventually, I decided the tried-and-true to capture Alexandria, somebody else would grandly (and ironically) named the Army of CWB orders system was still the way to have to lead the advance from there. And the Potomac, was in fact just seven infantry go. so command of the troops in Washington brigades. Beauregard commanded these To avoid abuses and simplify was handed to Brig. Gen. Irvin McDowell troops directly, and the lack of intermediate order writing, I believe the Confederate on May 28. While McDowell had been an division and corps commanders would later player should order brigades to move or instructor in tactics at West Point and a prove nearly fatal. attack toward a specific hex, and operate minor hero in the Mexican War, he also had The Army of the Potomac was within two hexes of that point. If the brigade the political support of Treasury Secretary deployed on a six-mile front along the south is forced to retreat outside this zone, it Salmon Chase. bank of Bull Run. Bull Run itself was not a should probably declare an emergency While McDowell acquainted formidable defensive barrier; there were far retreat. himself with his new responsibilities, more crossing points than Beauregard could Some players have asked why Union engineers began an extensive line of adequately protect. The bulk of his army there is no provision for a Confederate fortifications to protect the still unfinished faced the enemy’s expected main avenue of “detachment” unit to guard the Stone Capitol. These works would also provide advance: the Centreville-Manassas Road. Bridge while Evans’ brigade defends a base for offensive operations against While his right flank was anchored on a Matthews Hill. While I considered such Richmond. In the Shenandoah Valley, a fork in the Run at Union Mills, his left was a unit, I ultimately rejected it as being smaller Federal force under Brig. Gen. essentially left to hang in the air. unnecessary. I think the Union command Robert Patterson threatened Harpers Ferry. Once McDowell’s offensive was restrictions and anti-initiatives are enough Patterson was a 69-year-old veteran of finally underway, forward progress was to keep Tyler at bay. the War of 1812, and events would prove painfully slow. Marching undisciplined These notes would not be complete that he, like Scott, was too old for a field troops under a hot summer sun, the Federal without several words of thanks—to Dean command. army reached Fairfax Court House on July and Dave, of course, for their support Meanwhile, in Virginia, the “Hero of 17, whereupon McDowell rested the main and encouragement. Also to Bob Cloyd, Sumter” took charge of the Confederate body of his army. His first division, under the CWB Honcho, for his development troops south of Washington that June. Tyler, was sent forward to seize Centreville support and suggestions. And finally, thanks Beauregard took command of a motley and probe the Rebel position for routes to the guys at Metro Seattle Gamers, my assortment of brigades deployed along a around the right flank. Unfortunately, regular wargaming hangout and source of meandering stream called Bull Run. This Tyler aggressively exceeded his orders

Multi-Man Publishing, LLC 403 Headquarters Drive, Suite 7, Millersville MD 21108 © 2004 All Rights Reserved. Page 15 Clash of Volunteers, CWB #14 and blundered into a small dustup with Evans sent word that he was Beauregard ordered a general the Confederate army at Blackburn’s Ford being turned to Beauregard and Johnston. advance to pursue the fleeing Union on the 18th. While this skirmish was quite While Beauregard had planned to launch army, and a few units advanced toward small by later war standards, the Rebel an attack of his own this morning, it had Centreville. For the most part though, victory here buoyed Southern spirits and gone awry. With the Union seizing the the Confederate army was fought out and resulted in something of a dressing-down initiative, the Southern command quickly exhausted by its victory. As would be true for Tyler. aborted their offensive plans and sent two in so many later Civil War battles, the Disconcerted by the setback at of Johnston’s arriving brigades under Brig. victorious pursuit quickly ended. Blackburn’s Ford, McDowell scrapped Gen. Bernard Bee and Col. Francis Bartow. The Confederates had won the his original idea of an eastern flank move. Johnston also took overall command and war’s first big battle, and they had the However, after two days reconnoitering the sent Beauregard to lead at the front. To trophies to prove it: 28 cannon, 500 shoulder area, he discovered a promising route that gain time for these reinforcements to arms, and nine regimental flags. Union would take him around the Confederate arrive, Evans left a small detachment to loss amounted to 2,896 killed, wounded or left, which was hanging in air at the Stone watch Tyler at the Stone Bridge, and then missing. The tally on the Confederate side Bridge. McDowell came up with a new took the remainder of his force (just over amounted to 1,982 casualties. Bee, one of plan. Tyler’s division would launch a feint 1,000 men) to meet Hunter’s division of the South’s promising commanders, was at the Stone Bridge to divert the enemy’s 6,000 troops at Matthews Hill. one of those dead. attention. Meanwhile, two other Union While Evans, Bee and Bartow The South had not, however, won the divisions, under Hunter and Heintzelman, made a courageous stand, eventually the war. Far from being the battle that ended the would take the flank route, cross Bull Run Union numbers started to press, and the war, First Bull Run was simply the one that at the unprotected Sudley Springs Ford, and Confederate line retreated to Henry House properly started it. It would take four long come down behind the Rebel army. Hill. There, another of Johnston’s brigades years, and many more violent and terrible While McDowell’s plan appeared had formed line – Jackson’s brigade. It was battles, to finish. sound enough on paper, it proved decisively at this time that popular history records otherwise when put into practice. There Bee’s words: “There stands Jackson like a Bibliography were two reasons for this. stone wall. Rally behind the Virginians.” First, the Federal delay gave However, some historians have tried to Bearrs, Edwin C. First Manassas Battlefield Map Study. the Southern army time to concentrate. prove that Bee’s remark was actually meant H.E. Howard, Inc., 1981. These troop movement maps were terrific aids in On July 18, Davis reluctantly allowed as an insult; Jackson, in standing like a designing the scenarios and following the action. Johnston to evacuate Winchester and join “stone wall,” had not moved to support the Beauregard at Manassas. Johnston acted Confederates on Matthews Hill. Whatever Buel, Clarence C., and Johnson, Robert U., editors. Battles and Leaders of the Civil War. Volume 1. Castle. quickly. Leaving a cavalry screen to keep Bee’s intent, the nickname stuck and a Reprint of 1887 Edition Patterson in the dark, Johnston marched to legend was born. The Confederates rallied First Bull Run gets a long look in this essential the railroad station at Piedmont where he to once again present a solid defense of component of any Civil War library. The notable could take the Manassas Gap line to the 7,000 men. reports here include a suitably blustery account from Beauregard and an anti-Davis tirade from Johnston. impending scene of battle. His lead brigade, Still, McDowell had two divisions Still, there is useful information to be found here behind under Brig. Gen. Thomas Jackson, reached at hand to press his attack, plus a third if Tyler the grinding of axes. Gen. James B. Fry, McDowell’s Manassas on July 19. Johnston himself could be spurred into action. Still smarting adjutant general, presents the Union’s side of the story. arrived on July 20. While he was senior to from McDowell’s censure, Tyler proved on Beauregard, he declined taking command this day to be a very timid commander. Had Davis, William C. Battle at Bull Run. Louisiana State of the combined Southern forces as he he demonstrated the same aggressiveness University Press, 1977. assumed Beauregard was more familiar he had at Blackburn’s Ford, the Federal A good overall presentation of the campaign, written in the Shelby Foote style of narrative history. with the troops and terrain. army might have won this battle. McDowell Unlike many dry-reading historians, Davis has a knack Second, McDowell’s plan proved started his final attack by advancing two for telling a story. to be a traffic nightmare. Tyler’s division batteries of guns forward Napoleonic-style. Hennessy, John. The First Battle of Manassas: An End was camped on the Warrenton Turnpike, These batteries were quickly destroyed by to Innocence. H.E. Howard, Inc, 1989. the same road that Hunter and Heintzelman a Confederate counterattack, one that was Hennessy is a recognized expert on the two Manassas needed for their flank march. Because aided by the gun crews’ hesitancy to fire battles, although this work is not quite as deep and Tyler would have to march off it first, on the blue-uniformed troops of Jackson’s authoritative as his great book on the second battle. McDowell’s feint would start several hours 33rd Virginia regiment. Jones, V.C. The Bull Run Campaign: First Manassas. before the main Federal blow could arrive. Shortly after this debacle, Eastern Acorn Press, 1987. Reprint of 1980 Civil War And because Tyler’s feint was aimed at the Johnson sent several units sent from the rear Times Illustrated article. This is another useful overview of the battle, with Confederate left, it actually served to draw to reinforce the Confederate line. With fresh very nice situation maps. Beauregard’s troops toward the main Union troops under Brig. Gen. Kirby Smith and effort instead of away from it. Col. Joseph Kershaw (commanding a group Long, E.B. The Civil War Day by Day: An Almanac Defending at the Stone Bridge was of regiments detached from Bonham’s 1861-1865. Da Capo Press, 1971. I consider this to be an essential resource for Col. Nathan “Shanks” Evans’ small brigade brigade), Beauregard counterattacked. The Civil War research. I’m on my second copy —my first of Louisianans and South Carolinians. After Union line staggered, and then broke. copy split in half from so much use working on all Tyler showed his hand – but hesitated to The Union withdrawal started three Bull Run games. actually cross Bull Run – Evans began out orderly enough, but it quickly became War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official to suspect Tyler’s true intentions. Sure a full-scale rout. Despite valiant efforts, Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Series enough, word came from a Confederate McDowell and his officers could not rally I, Volume II. Government Printing Office, 1884. signal tower of Union movement toward the troops, and the Union army melted off The single most important source for any CWB game. And it’s affordable now too, given its Sudley Springs. the field. availability on CD-ROM. A must have.