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General Stonewall Jackson Battle of the USS Monitor and the CSS Virginia CK_5_TH_HG_P231_324.QXD 2/13/06 1:56 PM Page 282 II. The Civil War: Causes, Conflicts, Consequences had a highly successful military career. He served with distinction in the Mexican- American War, was superintendent of West Point for a period in the 1850s, and was in command of the troops at Harpers Ferry that captured John Brown. At the beginning of the war, Lincoln asked Lee to assume command of the Union forces, but Lee refused out of loyalty to his home state, Virginia. He instead accepted a command in the Confederate army. Lee scored a number of important victories, but faced with dwindling resources, his army was unable to withstand the larger, better-equipped Union army. General Stonewall Jackson Cross-curricular General Thomas Jackson was given the nickname “Stonewall” because of his Teaching Idea actions in the First Battle of Bull Run. During the battle, a Confederate soldier “Stonewall” Jackson is described in noted that Jackson and his men were “standing like a stone wall.” The nickname “Barbara Freitchie,” listed in the poetry stuck: for the rest of the war Jackson was known as “Stonewall Jackson.” selections for this grade. You may wish Considered by many to be General Lee’s most able general, Jackson orches- to teach this poem in conjunction with trated Confederate victories in the Shenandoah Valley campaign. He led his forces your discussion of Jackson and the bat- brilliantly at the Second Battle of Bull Run, and at the battles at Antietam and tles in the east. Fredericksburg. He was wounded in 1863 during the battle of Chancellorsville and died eight days later. Battle of the USS Monitor and the CSS Virginia The Union had a great advantage in the naval war and used its advantage to blockade Confederate ports. But in March 1862, the Confederacy struck back. The CSS Virginia steamed out of its port at Hampton Roads, Virginia, and attacked and sunk several Union ships. The Virginia was no ordinary ship. It had original- ly been a Union ship called the Merrimack, but the Confederates had plated its sides with iron. Now Union cannonballs bounced harmlessly off its sides. The Confederates hoped to sail their ironclad ship up the Potomac, sinking Union ships, and possibly even shelling Washington, D.C. The Confederate hopes were short lived, however. The next day a Union ironclad ship called the Monitor battle between the Monitor and the Virginia steamed out to meet the Virginia. The Monitor had a distinctive design, with a small, rotating turret on top of the main body of the ship. The battle between the two ironclads was a draw, as neither ship was able to harm its adversary. But the Teaching Idea Southern threat had been countered, and the era of wooden warships had come to a sudden end. 60 Share pictures of the Monitor and the Virginia with students. Point out the Monitor’s design, with the rotating gun Battle of Antietam Creek turret. Note that the idea of a rotating In September 1862, Lee started to move his troops north toward Washington. gun turret would be important in the In a fierce battle, Lee’s forces were driven back at Antietam Creek, Maryland, by development of both ships and tanks. a Union army under General George B. McClellan. Antietam was the bloodiest single-day battle of the war—almost 23,000 men were killed or wounded. More than 8,000 died in a single cornfield. When the day began, the field was full of tall, ripe corn. By the end of the day, cannons, rifles, and charging troops had decimated the corn so that “every stalk of corn in the northern and greater part of the field was cut as closely as could have been done with a knife.” 282 Grade 5 Handbook CK_5_TH_HG_P231_324.QXD 2/13/06 1:56 PM Page 282 II. The Civil War: Causes, Conflicts, Consequences had a highly successful military career. He served with distinction in the Mexican- American War, was superintendent of West Point for a period in the 1850s, and was in command of the troops at Harpers Ferry that captured John Brown. At the beginning of the war, Lincoln asked Lee to assume command of the Union forces, but Lee refused out of loyalty to his home state, Virginia. He instead accepted a command in the Confederate army. Lee scored a number of important victories, but faced with dwindling resources, his army was unable to withstand the larger, better-equipped Union army. General Stonewall Jackson Cross-curricular General Thomas Jackson was given the nickname “Stonewall” because of his Teaching Idea actions in the First Battle of Bull Run. During the battle, a Confederate soldier “Stonewall” Jackson is described in noted that Jackson and his men were “standing like a stone wall.” The nickname “Barbara Freitchie,” listed in the poetry stuck: for the rest of the war Jackson was known as “Stonewall Jackson.” selections for this grade. You may wish Considered by many to be General Lee’s most able general, Jackson orches- to teach this poem in conjunction with trated Confederate victories in the Shenandoah Valley campaign. He led his forces your discussion of Jackson and the bat- brilliantly at the Second Battle of Bull Run, and at the battles at Antietam and tles in the east. Fredericksburg. He was wounded in 1863 during the battle of Chancellorsville and died eight days later. Battle of the USS Monitor and the CSS Virginia The Union had a great advantage in the naval war and used its advantage to blockade Confederate ports. But in March 1862, the Confederacy struck back. The CSS Virginia steamed out of its port at Hampton Roads, Virginia, and attacked and sunk several Union ships. The Virginia was no ordinary ship. It had original- ly been a Union ship called the Merrimack, but the Confederates had plated its sides with iron. Now Union cannonballs bounced harmlessly off its sides. The Confederates hoped to sail their ironclad ship up the Potomac, sinking Union ships, and possibly even shelling Washington, D.C. The Confederate hopes were short lived, however. The next day a Union ironclad ship called the Monitor battle between the Monitor and the Virginia steamed out to meet the Virginia. The Monitor had a distinctive design, with a small, rotating turret on top of the main body of the ship. The battle between the two ironclads was a draw, as neither ship was able to harm its adversary. But the Teaching Idea Southern threat had been countered, and the era of wooden warships had come to a sudden end. 60 Share pictures of the Monitor and the Virginia with students. Point out the Monitor’s design, with the rotating gun Battle of Antietam Creek turret. Note that the idea of a rotating In September 1862, Lee started to move his troops north toward Washington. gun turret would be important in the In a fierce battle, Lee’s forces were driven back at Antietam Creek, Maryland, by development of both ships and tanks. a Union army under General George B. McClellan. Antietam was the bloodiest single-day battle of the war—almost 23,000 men were killed or wounded. More than 8,000 died in a single cornfield. When the day began, the field was full of tall, ripe corn. By the end of the day, cannons, rifles, and charging troops had decimated the corn so that “every stalk of corn in the northern and greater part of the field was cut as closely as could have been done with a knife.” 282 Grade 5 Handbook CK_5_TH_HG_P231_324.QXD 2/13/06 1:56 PM Page 283 Although the Union forces suffered higher casualties, Antietam was consid- ered a victory for the Union because it halted Lee’s invasion of the North. The war Teaching Idea in the east had been going badly for the Union up to this point, and this victory Use the Internet to locate photo- was important for several reasons. First, it saved Washington, D.C., the capital of graphs and other images of key bat- the Union. Second, it kept Great Britain and France from recognizing or assisting tles as well as soldiers’ recollec- the Confederacy, and, third, it provided the opportunity that Lincoln had been tions. These can be found using looking for to issue the Emancipation Proclamation. He had not wanted to issue search engines. it while the Union had been losing and have it appear an act of desperation. The Emancipation Proclamation During the early years of the Civil War, Lincoln was eager to issue an Teaching Idea Emancipation Proclamation freeing slaves, but he hesitated to do so for fear that You will want to use an overhead of his action might harm the Union cause. Emancipating the slaves was an idea Instructional Master 36, The Civil opposed by many Northern workers who feared competition from newly freed— War 1861–1865, frequently in this sec- and jobless—slaves. Lincoln was also concerned that the border states would tion to help students visualize where leave the Union if slave owners there were deprived of their slaves. On the plus the action was taking place. You may side, however, Lincoln believed that an Emancipation Proclamation would win also want to keep a graphic organizer over Europeans who had already abolished slavery, especially the British. It was or time line that lists names, dates, important to Lincoln that the British not trade with the South. If the South could and outcomes of key events. sell its cotton to the British, it could gain money and buy supplies to help with the war effort.
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