Grape Commodity-Based Survey Guidelines
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Characteristics of Grapevine Yellows-Susceptible Vineyards and Potential Management Strategies
YEAR-END PROJECT REPORT Virginia Wine Board, August, 2015 Title: Characteristics of Grapevine Yellows-susceptible vineyards and potential management strategies Principal Investigators: Dr. Paolo Lenzi (100% time on project) Dr. Tony K. Wolf (10% time on project) Postdoctoral Research Associate Professor of Viticulture AHS Jr. AREC, Virginia Tech AHS Jr. AREC Virginia Tech Virginia Tech Phone: (540) 869-2560 extn 42 (540) 869-2560 extn 18 [email protected] [email protected] Type of Project: Research Amount funded: $110,903 Overall Project Objectives 1. Identify phytoplasma alternative hosts in and around North American Grapevine Yellows (NAGY)- affected vineyards and attempt to identify the characteristics of vineyards that predispose them to increased risk of NAGY 2. Evaluate efficacy of potential Grapevine Yellows management practices Summary North American Grapevine Yellows (NAGY) was recognized in Virginia vineyards as early as 1987. Principal investigator T. Wolf began a collaborative research association with Dr. Robert Davis and his lab at the USDA/ARS in Beltsville Maryland and that partnership led to a greater understanding of the nature of the pathogens that cause NAGY in Virginia. An important finding from our work of the nineties was that the causal agents of NAGY – bacteria-like organisms called phytoplasmas – were unique to grapevine yellows diseases in North America. That is, they were not the same pathogens that cause the European variants of the disease, such as Flavescence dorée , or Bois noir . The missing information about NAGY was which vector or vectors were involved in phytoplasma transmission, and what other plants in the vineyard environment served as alternative hosts for the pathogens. -
IPM Elements for Wine Grapes in Virginia and North Carolina
IPM Elements for Wine Grapes in Virginia and North Carolina Growers should use this document and its sub-headings as a checklist of possible Integrated Pest Management (IPM) practices that they could implement. Growers should count only the activities they perform in their wine grape pest management practices and aim to be compliant with at least 80% of the activities listed. This is not a requirement, but only a suggested level of compliance. This document is intended to help wine grape growers identify areas in their operations that possess strong IPM qualities and also point out areas for improvement. Growers should attempt to incorporate the majority of these specific techniques into their usual production and maintenance practices, especially in areas where they fall short of the 80% goal. Pests and Diseases of Wine Grapes in Virginia and North Carolina Arthropods Diseases Vertebrates Weeds Aerial phylloxera Anthracnose Bears Annual broadleaf Climbing cutworms Bitter Rot Birds weeds European red mite Black rot Deer Annual grasses Grape berry moth Botryosphaeria canker Geese Perennial grasses Grape cane borer Botrytis bunch rot Groundhogs Perennial broadleaf Grape cane gallmaker Crown gall Moles weeds, including Grape cane girdler Downy mildew Raccoons Woody perennials Grape curculio ESCA or Petri Turkeys Yellow nutsedge Grape flea beetle diseases Voles Grape leafhopper (Young vine decline) Grape root borer Eutypa dieback Grape rootworm Grapevine yellows Grape tumid Leafroll virus gallmaker Phomopsis cane and Grapevine looper leaf spot Japanese beetle Pierce’s disease Mealybugs Powdery mildew Redbanded leafroller Ripe rot Sharpshooters Sour rot (non-specific Stinkbugs fruit rot) Wasps Tomato/Tobacco ringspot virus Check if done I. -
Grape Insects +6134
Ann. Rev. Entomo! 1976. 22:355-76 Copyright © 1976 by Annual Reviews Inc. All rights reserved GRAPE INSECTS +6134 Alexandre Bournier Chaire de Zoologie, Ecole Nationale Superieure Agronornique, 9 Place Viala, 34060 Montpellier-Cedex, France The world's vineyards cover 10 million hectares and produce 250 million hectolitres of wine, 70 million hundredweight of table grapes, 9 million hundredweight of dried grapes, and 2.5 million hundredweight of concentrate. Thus, both in terms of quantities produced and the value of its products, the vine constitutes a particularly important cultivation. THE HOST PLANT AND ITS CULTIVATION The original area of distribution of the genus Vitis was broken up by the separation of the continents; although numerous species developed, Vitis vinifera has been cultivated from the beginning for its fruit and wine producing qualities (43, 75, 184). This cultivation commenced in Transcaucasia about 6000 B.C. Subsequent human migration spread its cultivation, at firstaround the Mediterranean coast; the Roman conquest led to the plant's progressive establishment in Europe, almost to its present extent. Much later, the WesternEuropeans planted the grape vine wherever cultiva tion was possible, i.e. throughout the temperate and warm temperate regions of the by NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY on 02/01/10. For personal use only. world: North America, particularly California;South America,North Africa, South Annu. Rev. Entomol. 1977.22:355-376. Downloaded from arjournals.annualreviews.org Africa, Australia, etc. Since the commencement of vine cultivation, man has attempted to increase its production, both in terms of quality and quantity, by various means including selection of mutations or hybridization. -
Final Grape Draft 0814
DETECTION AND DIAGNOSIS OF RED LEAF DISEASES OF GRAPES (VITIS SPP) IN OKLAHOMA By SARA ELIZABETH WALLACE Bachelor of Science in Horticulture Oklahoma State University Stillwater, Oklahoma 2016 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE July, 2018 DETECTION AND DIAGNOSIS OF RED LEAF DISEASES OF GRAPES (VITIS SPP) IN OKLAHOMA Thesis Approved: Dr. Francisco Ochoa-Corona Thesis Adviser Dr. Eric Rebek Dr. Hassan Melouk ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Thank you to Francisco Ochoa-Corona, for adopting me into his VirusChasers family, I have learned a lot, but more importantly, gained friends for life. Thank you for embracing my horticulture knowledge and allowing me to share plant and field experience. Thank you to Jen Olson for listening and offering me this project. It was great to work with you and Jana Slaughter in the PDIDL. Without your help and direction, I would not have achieved this degree. Thank you for your time and assistance with the multiple drafts. Thank you to Dr. Rebek and Dr. Melouk for being on my committee, for your advice, and thinking outside the box for this project. I would like to thank Dr. Astri Wayadande and Dr. Carla Garzon for the initial opportunity as a National Needs Fellow and for becoming part of the NIMFFAB family. I have gained a vast knowledge about biosecurity and an international awareness with guests, international scientists, and thanks to Dr. Kitty Cardwell, an internship with USDA APHIS. Thank you to Gaby Oquera-Tornkein who listened to a struggling student and pointed me in the right direction. -
Original Paper
Copyright © 2019 University of Bucharest Rom Biotechnol Lett. 2019; 24(6): 1027-1033 Printed in Romania. All rights reserved doi: 10.25083/rbl/24.6/1027.1033 ISSN print: 1224-5984 ISSN online: 2248-3942 Received for publication, Janaury, 7, 2018 Accepted, October, 5, 2018 Original paper Organic acids and sugars profile of some grape cultivars affected by grapevine yellows symptoms CRISTINA PETRISOR1*, CONSTANTINA CHIRECEANU1 1Research and Development Institute for Plant Protection, Ion Ionescu de la Brad Bdv, No. 8, District 1, Bucharest, Romania Abstract Grapevine yellows are a group of infectious diseases, which are usually associated with phytoplasma pathogens, affecting quality of grapes and survival of grapevine. The objective of this work was to evaluate sugars, total phenols and organic acids concentrations in the grapes of four wine cultivars (Fetească Neagră, Pinot Noir, Traminer rose, Chardonnay) healthy and affected by specific symptoms to phytoplasmoses. Berry samples were collected from the Miniș-Măderat (Arad County) and Odobești (Vrancea County) vineyards. Individual sugars and organic acids compounds were identified and quantified in grape berries by the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method using DAD and RID detectors, while total phenolic compounds by using spectrophotometry. The content and composition of sugars and acids varied between healthy and symptomatic plants. Analysis of grape juice revealed reduction in sugars (fructose and glucose) from symptomatic to non-symptomatic vines. Lower values of acidity were obtained in grapes of affected compared to non-affected vines. The differences in acids content between grapes of affected and not affected vines were more pronounced at Pinot Noir variety, with lower concentrations of malic and tartaric acids in grapes from symptomatic vines in both locations studied. -
VINEYARD BIODIVERSITY and INSECT INTERACTIONS! ! - Establishing and Monitoring Insectariums! !
! VINEYARD BIODIVERSITY AND INSECT INTERACTIONS! ! - Establishing and monitoring insectariums! ! Prepared for : GWRDC Regional - SA Central (Adelaide Hills, Currency Creek, Kangaroo Island, Langhorne Creek, McLaren Vale and Southern Fleurieu Wine Regions) By : Mary Retallack Date : August 2011 ! ! ! !"#$%&'(&)'*!%*!+& ,- .*!/'01)!.'*&----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------&2 3-! "&(')1+&'*&4.*%5"/0&#.'0.4%/+.!5&-----------------------------------------------------------------------------&6! ! &ABA <%5%+3!C0-72D0E2!AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA!F! &A&A! ;D,!*2!G*0.*1%-2*3,!*HE0-3#+3I!AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA!J! &AKA! ;#,2!0L!%+D#+5*+$!G*0.*1%-2*3,!*+!3D%!1*+%,#-.!AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA!B&! 7- .*+%)!"/.18+&--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------&,2! ! ! KABA ;D#3!#-%!*+2%53#-*MH2I!AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA!BN! KA&A! O3D%-!C#,2!0L!L0-H*+$!#!2M*3#G8%!D#G*3#3!L0-!G%+%L*5*#82!AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA!&P! KAKA! ?%8%53*+$!3D%!-*$D3!2E%5*%2!30!E8#+3!AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA!&B! 9- :$"*!.*;&5'1/&.*+%)!"/.18&-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------&3<! -
2003Session3.Pdf
THE SITUATION OF GRAPEVINE YELLOWS AND CURRENT RESEARCH DIRECTIONS: DISTRIBUTION, DIVERSITY, VECTORS, DIFFUSION AND CONTROL E. Boudon-Padieu Biologie et écologie des phytoplasmes, UMR 1088 Plante Microbe Environnement, INRA – Université de Bourgogne, Domaine d’Epoisses, BP 86510 – 21065 Dijon Cedex France Grapevine yellows (GY) are known now for 50 years. After the first appearance of Flavescence dorée (FD) in West-South France in the 1950’s, similar diseases have been observed in vineyards of other regions or countries (22) in Europe, North-America, Asia Minor and Australia. Typical symptoms are leaf rolling and discoloration of veins and laminae, uneven or total lack of lignification of canes, flower abortion or berry withering. Eventually, severe decline and death occur with sensitive varieties or with particular GY diseases. All these diseases have been associated with phytoplasmas. Phytoplasmas, discovered in 1967, are wall-less intracellular bacterias restricted to phloem sieve tubes and transmitted only by vector insects in which they multiply and circulate. Recently, comparisons of conserved regions in their genomic DNA, have permitted to classify all known phytoplasmas into about 20 groups and subgroups within a monophyletic clade in the Class Mollicutes, closest to the Acholeplasma clade (57, 78). Numerous DNA probes have been designed that permit diagnosis and identification of phytoplasmas in plant tissues and in insects. This, together with transmission assays, has also permitted the recent identification of new phytoplasma vectors. Though Koch’s postulate cannot be fully satisfied with non-culturable pathogen agents, it is now considered that phytoplasmas are responsible for typical GY symptoms. These conclusions have been reached because of transmission experiments with natural vectors in the case of Flavescence dorée (FD) and Bois noir (BN), of the similarity of symptoms caused world wide by GY diseases on numerous grapevine cultivars and of consistent detection of phytoplasmas in affected grapevines and in infective insect vectors. -
Grape Commodity Survey Farm Bill Survey Work Plan – May 1, 2013 – April 30, 2014
Grape Commodity Survey Farm Bill Survey Work Plan – May 1, 2013 – April 30, 2014 Cooperator: Kansas Department of Agriculture State: Kansas Project: Grape Commodity Survey Project funding Farmbill Survey source: Project Coordinator: Laurinda Ramonda Agreement Number 13-8420-1656-CA PO Box 19282, Forbes Field, Bldg. 282, Address: Topeka, Kansas 66619 Contact Information: Phone: 785-862-2180 Fax: 785-862-2182 Email Address: [email protected] This Work Plan reflects a cooperative relationship between the Kansas Department of Agriculture (KDA) (the Cooperator) and the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), Plant Protection and Quarantine (PPQ). It outlines the mission-related goals, objectives, and anticipated accomplishments as well as the approach for conducting a Grape Commodity survey and control program and the related roles and responsibilities of the Kansas Department of Agriculture and USDA-APHIS-PPQ as negotiated. I) OBJECTIVES AND NEED FOR ASSISTANCE In 1985, Kansas passed the Farm Winery Act establishing guidelines for wineries and by 2005, 13 licensed farm wineries in Kansas produced 50,000 gallons of wine from only 170 total acres of grapes. In January 2010, the number of licensed farm wineries had grown to 23 located in 21 counties from central to northeastern Kansas. In 2010, the total number of acres of grapes in Kansas vineyards was 342.1 acres on 73 farms and this continues to grow. There were 174.1 acres of grapes harvested with 354.7 tons of grapes produced. Over 60 percent of grapes produced are used at their own operations. The total value in 2010 of grapes produced was $401,150 and this continues to rise. -
Tricholine Vitis a New Solution to Managing Grape Pests
Vitis YOUR ALLY AGAINST THE EUROPEAN GRAPEVINE MOTH ABIM 2019 Dr Caroline Reid, Bioline UK Senior Technical Support – Northern Europe Manuel Gomez, Bioline Iberia Senior Technical Support – Southern Europe European grapevine moth • Wine quality strongly depends on the grape quality. • Grapevines are attacked by a wide diversity of tortricid moths. • Adult females lay egg clusters on or close to flowers and grape bunches • The eggs hatch into pale-coloured larvae that feed predominantly on flowers and developing fruit or on leaves. • Second and third instar larvae are the most damaging, due to their increase in numbers throughout the season. • In addition to direct-feeding damage, larvae produce wounds subsequently infected by bunch rot fungi, as well as spoilage yeasts and bacteria. Their action can further attract infestations by fruit flies (Drosophila spp.). several species are carriers of Botrytis • Economic losses can be 13.3% for second generation and 27% for third * * Theodoros Moschos, International Journal of Pest Management 2 Volume 52, 2006 - Issue 2 Three species of grapevine moth controlled Vitis Lobesia botrana Eupoecilia ambiguella Argyrotaenia ljungiana 3 The dispenser: a concentrate of technology • Eggs ready to hatch are placed inside the dispenser • Bio-degradable (cardboard): no need to remove at the end of the season • Water resistant • Protection from the sun • Protection against predators (ants) • No need to prepare the application (ready to use) Small exit holes prevent entry of ants • Fast to apply: 30 min/ha for -
Update on Glassy-Winged Sharpshooter & Other Invasive
Update on glassy-winged sharpshooter & other invasive vineyard pests Matt Daugherty, Department of Entomology, UC Riverside ([email protected]) Stages of biological invasions In California, 8 to 10 exotics introduction introduced each year ~20% become invasive Multiple stages (hurdles) to establishment biological invasions Human activities often contribute to invader success spread Early detection often improves impact outcomes Light brown apple moth European Grapevine Moth • other vineyard moth pests Brown marmorated stink bug Glassy-winged sharpshooter Vine mealybug Light Brown Apple Moth (LBAM), Epiphyas postvittana Tortricid leafroller, ¼ inch in length Native to Australia Extreme generalist • 350+ genera, 500+ species of plants • berries, tree fruits, native trees/shrubs, ornamentals, weeds First found in CA in 2007 LBAM eradication program established for Bay Area • mating disruption via pheromone sprays Regulated nursery stock https://www.cdfa.ca.gov/Plant/lbam/rpts/LBA M_BMP-Rev_3.pdf • substantial monitoring costs • increased insecticide use Regulated movement of bulk green waste 2011 Fairly widespread Prevalent in cooler, coastal areas, relatively rare inland Present in natural areas, residential areas No documentation of major damage? 2019 Limited further spread Prevalent in cooler, coastal areas, relatively rare inland Present in natural areas, residential areas No documentation of major damage? Why isn’t LBAM more invasive? Hawkins & Cornell 1994 LBAM is attacked by several resident generalist parasitoids • enemy release Rule -
2017 Grape Survey Report
2017 Grape Survey K. Buckley & M. Klaus 2017 Entomology Project Report - Plant Protection Division, Pest Program Washington State Department of Agriculture 2 May 2018 2017 Grape Survey Report Katharine D. Buckley & Michael W. Klaus, Washington State Department of Agriculture Summary The WSDA conducted a Grape Commodity Survey in 2017 to determine the status of invasive pests and diseases in Washington State affecting juice, wine and table grapes. Except for Grape Phylloxera, which is known to occur in Washington, no other target pests of this survey were found. Background Washington State is 2nd in the US in wine grape production with 55,445 acres currently in production (Mertz et al. 2017), which support over 900 wineries (washingtonwine.org). The impact of this wine industry on the state is estimated to be $4.8 billion (washingtonwine.org). Washington is also the largest producer of juice grapes (Honig et al. 2017) with 21,632 acres of primarily Concord and some Niagara varieties (Mertz et al. 2017). The value of these crops could decrease substantially if certain invasive pests established here. Additional pesticide sprays would be required, which would disrupt Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs already in place. All of these pests and diseases are also restricted by various countries, making exports of vine stock, nursery stock and fresh fruit more difficult. 1 2017 Grape Survey K. Buckley & M. Klaus Light Brown Apple Moth (Epiphyas postvittana (Walker)) Light brown apple moth (LBAM) is a highly polyphagous species with more than 1,000 plant species including over 250 fruits and vegetables such as apples, citrus, corn, peaches, berries, tomatoes and avocados (Weeks et al. -
Viticulture Notes December 2011
VITICULTURE NOTES ............................ Vol. 26 No. 6, December, 2011 Tony K. Wolf, Viticulture Extension Specialist, AHS Jr. Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Winchester, Virginia [email protected] http://www.arec.vaes.vt.edu/alson-h-smith/grapes/viticulture/index.html I. Current situation a. Dormant pruning ......................................................................... 1 b. Our 2011 spray program ........................................................... 2 c. Web-based vineyard site evaluation tool ..................................... 4 d. Grapevine yellows update .......................................................... 4 II. Question from the field ....................................................................... 5 III. Upcoming meetings ........................................................................... 7 IV. Positions available in industry .......................................................... 13 I. Current situation Dormant pruning: Many vineyards commence pruning on better days of the fall including November and December. While there is some concern about the potential effects of very early (eg., November) pruning on subsequent cold hardiness of grapevines, the scant research done on this subject does not suggest a significant problem. Of course, compensation for winter injury, should it occur, has fewer options for vines that are finish-pruned before the threat of damaging low temperature injury. This has been the principal reason why operators of smaller vineyards often wait until