2017 Grape Survey Report
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Xylella Fastidiosa HOST: GRAPEVINE
Xylella fastidiosa HOST: GRAPEVINE What is Xylella fastidiosa and why is it so serious? ◆ A dangerous bacterium threatening hundreds of species of plants in the UK ◆ It is spreading across southern Europe from its origins in the Americas ◆ Can be transported by sap-feeding insects such as spittlebugs ◆ Causes plant death by blocking water transporting vessels (xylem) ◆ Currently no cure Vitis vinifera ◆ Deciduous climbing shrub ◆ Flaky bark ◆ Climbs by tendrils reaching 15–18m high ◆ Three- or five-lobed, coarsely toothed leaves, 7.5–15cm long and wide, with stalks half as long as the blade, hairy underneath and of variable colour ◆ Tiny greenish flowers ◆ Oval or globose fruit Healthy Diseased What is BRIGIT? A collaborative project aimed at reducing the risk of a Xylella introduction into the UK and mitigating the risks in the event of an outbreak. Please turn over to find out more. What to look 1 out for 2 ◆ Marginal leaf scorch 1 ◆ Leaf chlorosis 2 ◆ Premature loss of leaves 3 ◆ Matchstick petioles 3 ◆ Irregular cane maturation (green islands in stems) 4 ◆ Fruit drying and wilting 5 ◆ Stunting of new shoots 5 ◆ Death of plant in 1–5 years Where is the plant from? 3 ◆ Plants sourced from infected countries are at a much higher risk of carrying the disease-causing bacterium Do not panic! 4 How long There are other reasons for disease symptoms to appear. Consider California. of University Montpellier; watercolour, RHS Lindley Collections; “healthy”, RHS / Tim Sandall; “diseased”, J. Clark, California 3 J. Clark & A.H. Purcell, University of California 4 J. Clark, University of California 5 ENSA, Images © 1 M. -
Xylella Fastidiosa – What Do We Know and Are We Ready
Xylella fastidiosa: What do we know and are we ready? Suzanne McLoughlin, Vinehealth Australia. Xylella is a major threat due to its multiple hosts Suzanne McLoughlin, Vinehealth Australia’s (more than 350 plant species, many of which Technical Manager, analyses the grape and wine do not show symptoms), its multiple vectors community’s preparedness and knowledge about and its continued global spread. The pathogen Xylella fastidiosa, which is known to the industry causes clogging of plant xylem vessels, resulting as Pierce’s disease. This article first appeared in Australian and New Zealand Grapegrower and in water stress-like symptoms to distal parts of Winemaker Magazine, June 2017. the grapevine, with vine death in 1-2 years post infection (Figure 44). The bacterium is primarily Introduction transmitted in the gut of sapsucking insects and Xylella fastidiosa is a gram-negative, rod-shaped the disease cannot occur without a vector. bacterium known to cause Pierce’s disease in viticulture. Xylella fastidiosa was the subject of an While Xylella fastidiosa is known as Pierce’s international symposium held in Brisbane in May disease in grapevines, it is known as many other 2017, organised by the Department of Agriculture names in other host plants. It is inherently difficult and Water Resources (DAWR). A broad range of to control and there are no known treatments to international experts shared their knowledge and cure diseased plants. experience on Xylella with Australian federal and Xylella fastidiosa has been reported on various state government biosecurity personnel, as well host crops, either symptomatic or asymptomatic, as a small number of invited industry participants. -
Characteristics of Grapevine Yellows-Susceptible Vineyards and Potential Management Strategies
YEAR-END PROJECT REPORT Virginia Wine Board, August, 2015 Title: Characteristics of Grapevine Yellows-susceptible vineyards and potential management strategies Principal Investigators: Dr. Paolo Lenzi (100% time on project) Dr. Tony K. Wolf (10% time on project) Postdoctoral Research Associate Professor of Viticulture AHS Jr. AREC, Virginia Tech AHS Jr. AREC Virginia Tech Virginia Tech Phone: (540) 869-2560 extn 42 (540) 869-2560 extn 18 [email protected] [email protected] Type of Project: Research Amount funded: $110,903 Overall Project Objectives 1. Identify phytoplasma alternative hosts in and around North American Grapevine Yellows (NAGY)- affected vineyards and attempt to identify the characteristics of vineyards that predispose them to increased risk of NAGY 2. Evaluate efficacy of potential Grapevine Yellows management practices Summary North American Grapevine Yellows (NAGY) was recognized in Virginia vineyards as early as 1987. Principal investigator T. Wolf began a collaborative research association with Dr. Robert Davis and his lab at the USDA/ARS in Beltsville Maryland and that partnership led to a greater understanding of the nature of the pathogens that cause NAGY in Virginia. An important finding from our work of the nineties was that the causal agents of NAGY – bacteria-like organisms called phytoplasmas – were unique to grapevine yellows diseases in North America. That is, they were not the same pathogens that cause the European variants of the disease, such as Flavescence dorée , or Bois noir . The missing information about NAGY was which vector or vectors were involved in phytoplasma transmission, and what other plants in the vineyard environment served as alternative hosts for the pathogens. -