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A Phase I Cultural Resource Assessment of the Camping World Parcel, St A PHASE I CULTURAL RESOURCE ASSESSMENT OF THE CAMPING WORLD PARCEL, ST. LUCIE COUNTY, FLORIDA ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL CONSERVANCY, INC. AHC TECHNICAL REPORT NO. 1197 AHC PROJECT NO. 2018.139 AUGUST 2018 A PHASE I CULTURAL RESOURCE ASSESSMENT OF THE CAMPING WORLD PARCEL, ST. LUCIE COUNTY, FLORIDA By: Ryan Franklin, Ph.D. John Wesley White, B.A. John G. Beriault, B.A. ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL CONSERVANCY, INC. 4800 SW 64th Avenue, Suite 107 Davie, Florida 33314 [email protected] (954) 792-9776 For: ENGINEERING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION, INC. AHC PROJECT NO. 2018.139 AHC TECHNICAL REPORT NO. 1197 AUGUST 2018 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ii CONSULTANT SUMMARY 1 PROJECT SETTING 3 PREVIOUS RESEARCH 9 CULTURAL SUMMARY 13 METHODOLOGY 20 RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS 22 REFERENCES CITED 23 APPENDICES 30 APPENDIX I: FLORIDA SURVEY LOG APPENDIX II: FDHR LETTER OF 7/20/18 i LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. USGS map of the Camping World parcel 2 Figure 2. Portion of the 1853 plat map for Township 37S, Range 39E with the project parcel boundaries superimposed 4 Figure 3. 1944 black and white aerial photograph of the project parcel 5 Figure 4. 1958 black and white aerial photograph of the project parcel 6 Figure 5. 2018 color aerial orthophotograph of the project parcel 7 Figure 6. Southwest corner of property, looking west 8 Figure 7. Western part of parcel, looking southwest 8 Figure 8. USGS Map of the project parcel showing locations of previously- recorded archaeological and historic sites within one-mile radius 12 Figure 9. Aerial photograph showing shovel test locations 21 ii CONSULTANT SUMMARY In August 2018, the Archaeological and Historical Conservancy, Inc. (AHC) conducted a Phase I cultural resource assessment for Engineering Design and Construction, Inc. of the ± 48 acre Camping World parcel located in St. Lucie County. The parcel is in Township 37S, Range 39E, Section 13 (Figure 1). The parcel was surveyed to locate and assess any sites of archaeological and/or historical significance. This assessment was conducted to satisfy the recommendations of FDHR (See Appendix II), Florida Statutes Chapter 267, and to satisfy the requirements for the Florida Environmental Resource Permit under the provisions of Florida Statute Chapter 267 (The Florida Historic Resources Act). The work and the report conform to the specifications set forth in Chapter 1A-46, Florida Administrative Code, and 36 CFR Part 800: Protection of Historic Properties. Historically the area was slash pine/saw palmetto flatwoods with occasional grass marshes, located to the north of the Ten Mile Creek drainage. The parcel encompasses low-lying, formerly seasonally flooded wet prairie and was determined to have an overall low probability for archaeological resources. During the 20th century the project parcel was farmed as citrus groves, and is now highly disturbed. No structures occur on the project parcel. Field work included a pedestrian survey and shovel testing. A total of 13 systematic and judgmental shovel tests were dug (Figure 9). None were positive for archaeological or historic cultural material. It is the consultant’s opinion based on available data that no historic properties eligible for listing in the NRHP will be affected by the proposed development of the project parcel. However, if cultural materials are uncovered during development the project archaeologist should be notified. In the event that human remains are uncovered, the provisions of Statute 872.05 will apply. 1 2 PROJECT SETTING The Camping World parcel encompasses approximately ± 48 acres. The parcel is located east of and abuts Interstate 95 and west of Jenkins Road in south-central St. Lucie County. The project parcel is located in Township 35S, Range 39E, Section 13. The relevant USGS map is Fort Pierce NW (Figure 1). The parcel is bordered by sparse residential development and vacant fields. The project parcel averages 15-20 feet above sea level. Water sources in the vicinity of the project parcel were seasonal ponds and grassy marshes (Figure 2). All of the parcel has been farmed, specifically as citrus groves. Vintage aerial photographs indicate that the parcel was farmed in citrus as early as 1944, with parts of the northern extent appearing as natural pine flatwoods and a remnant pond (Figures 3, 4). After the 1960s the parcel continued to be farmed in citrus (Figure 5). Structures are visible on the 1958 and later aerials in the northeast and southeast portions of the parcel. By 2014, all structures on the parcel had been demolished. The project parcel is within the southeastern range of the Eastern Valley physiographic district. To the west lies the Okeechobee Plain. The level mesic to hydric flatwoods areas are generally Pleistocene/early Holocene formation. The geology of the southeastern St. Lucie County area is characterized fine-grained poorly to well drained sands that can be shallowly deposited and moderately permeable. The three soil types indicated for the parcel in the USDA Soils Survey are: Hilolo loamy sand; Wabasso sand, 0 to 2 percent slopes; and Winder loamy sand (United States Department of Agriculture 2016). 3 4 5 6 7 Figure 6. Southwest corner of property, looking west. Figure 7. Western part of parcel, looking southwest. 8 PREVIOUS RESEARCH East Central Florida has been the subject of archaeological investigations since the 1880s, but much of the early work was directed toward recovery of museum quality artifacts rather than understanding cultural processes. Early archaeological investigators such as Clarence Moore often confined their explorations to the areas in the portion of the region accessible by steamboat via rivers such as Indian River, the Ocklawaha and St. Johns (Moore 1894a, 1894b, 1896). The present-day framework for chronological and cultural divisions and affiliation in Florida prehistory was begun by Matthew Stirling in 1936 and further refined by John M. Goggin in the 1940s (Goggin, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1952). Irving Rouse and Ripley P. Bullen further developed the idea of distinct culture areas through various papers and projects, Rouse studying the Indian River area (Rouse 1951) and Bullen in his classification of projectile points (Bullen 1975), the Orange period (Bullen 1972) and in his work at specific sites in North Central Florida and the Central Gulf Coast (Bullen et al. 1967, 1978). A revision to combine the St. Johns region lying to the north and west was made circa 1980 by Milanich and Fairbanks, but more recent research has reversed the model back to using the Indian River designation and retaining the previously- established Malabar sequencing. John M. Goggin, G. Hale Smith, John W. Griffin, Adelaide and Ripley P. Bullen were among the prominent archaeologists performing work in Florida from the 1940s through the early 1960s. Many of these researchers worked through the National Park Service or through the University of Florida. John Goggin was instrumental in the establishment of a strong archaeological program at University of Florida from 1948 through to his death in 1963. Goggin was also involved in intensive fieldwork and research on the Indian/Spanish Mission system in Florida and Colonial Archaeology in the State. Goggin published a definitive study of the northern St, Johns River area (Goggin 1952). In Martin, St. Lucie, Indian River, and Brevard Counties, archaeologists have documented sites dating from the Archaic Period (Doran and Dickel 1988; Milanich 1998; Doran 2002), to the historic period, such as the 16th century mission systems in the southern St. Johns River area (Hahn 1990, 2003). LITERATURE REVIEW A search was requested on 7/26/18 with FDHR for archives and literature associated with the project area. This included site forms and reports from the Master Site File of previously recorded archaeological sites and cultural resource assessments in and within one mile of the project parcel (Table 1). 9 Table 1. Literature Review Summary Previously Recorded Sites: 11 (2 historic standing structures, 9 resource groups) Within Project Parcel 0 Within One Mile of Project Parcel 11 Previous Assessments: 17 Within Project Parcel 0 Within One Mile of Project Parcel 17 A review of Florida site files and archives determined that eleven previously recorded cultural resources occur within one mile of the project parcel. Two linear resources directly abut the property, Jenkins Road (8SL3143) and Canal No. 37 (8SL3140), neither of which are considered eligible for listing on the NRHP. Table 2. Previously Recorded Sites Site In Out of Site Name Site Type References Number Parcel Parcel 1950 masonry 2190 South vernacular, 8SL1426 Janus Research, Inc., 2002 X Jenkins Road const. 1950 - destroyed 1941 frame 2144 South vernacular, 8SL1427 Janus Research, Inc., 2002 X Jenkins Road const. 1950 - destroyed Historic Okeechobee Road/Linear Southeastern Archaeological Research, 8SL1658 X Road Resource 2006 const. 1926 Historic Road/Linear 8SL3114 Kings Highway Janus Research, Inc., 2011 X Resource const. 1926 Historic Canal/Linear 8SL3115 Canal by Jai-Alai Janus Research, Inc., 2011 X Resource const. 1920 Historic Canal/Linear 8SL3120 Canal No.46 Janus Research, Inc., 2011 X Resource const. 1920 Historic Canal/Linear 8SL3121 Canal No. 47 Janus Research, Inc., 2011 X Resource const. 1920 Historic Canal/Linear 8SL3122 Canal No.48 Janus Research, Inc., 2012 X Resource const. 1920 Historic Canal/Linear 8SL3140 Canal No. 37 Janus Research, Inc., 2012 X Resource const. 1920 Historic Canal/Linear 8SL3141 Canal No. 38 Janus Research, Inc., 2012 X Resource const. 1920 Historic Road/Linear 8SL3143 Jenkins Road Janus Research, Inc., 2012 X Resource const. 1941 Note: 1Based on sites within one mile of the survey area 10 A review of the state report files indicated that seventeen cultural resource assessments were previously conducted within one mile of the project parcel (Table 3). 1 Table 3. Previous Cultural Resource Assessments Survey Out of Date Author Title In Parcel No. Parcel Southwind Archaeological Enterprises 1979 716 1979 Charles, Frank N.
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