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Decapoda: Cambaridae) in Arkansas Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science Volume 73 Article 13 2019 Distribution, Habitat, and Life History Aspects of the Dwarf Crayfishes of the Genus Cambarellus (Decapoda: Cambaridae) in Arkansas Henry W. Robison Retired, [email protected] Chris T. McAllister Eastern Oklahoma St. College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas Part of the Biology Commons Recommended Citation Robison, Henry W. and McAllister, Chris T. (2019) "Distribution, Habitat, and Life History Aspects of the Dwarf Crayfishes of the Genus Cambarellus (Decapoda: Cambaridae) in Arkansas," Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science: Vol. 73 , Article 13. Available at: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol73/iss1/13 This article is available for use under the Creative Commons license: Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0). Users are able to read, download, copy, print, distribute, search, link to the full texts of these articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science by an authorized editor of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Distribution, Habitat, and Life History Aspects of the Dwarf Crayfishes of the Genus Cambarellus (Decapoda: Cambaridae) in Arkansas Cover Page Footnote HWR especially wants to thank his former SAU students who assisted with field collections (1972 ot 2008) of crayfishes including enK Ball, Nick Covington, Daryl Koym, Christa Marsh, and Jan Rader. We thank Dr. Guenter Schuster (Richmond, KY) for Fig. 2. The Arkansas Game and Fish Commission issued Scientific Collecting ermitsP to the authors. This article is available in Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol73/ iss1/13 Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 73 [2019], Art. 13 Distribution, Habitat, and Life History Aspects of the Dwarf Crayfishes of the Genus Cambarellus (Decapoda: Cambaridae) in Arkansas H.W. Robison1, and C.T. McAllister2* 19717 Wild Mountain Drive, Sherwood, AR 72120 2Science and Mathematics Division, Eastern Oklahoma State College, Idabel, OK 74745 *Correspondence: [email protected] Running Title: Cambarellus Crayfishes of Arkansas Abstract reach only 3.7 cm (1.5 in.). In Arkansas, 2 species of dwarf crayfishes of the genus Cambarellus occur, The dwarf crayfishes of the genus Cambarellus are namely the Swamp Dwarf Crayfish, C. represented in Arkansas by only 2 species: Cambarellus (Pandicambarus) puer (Hobbs) and the Cajun Dwarf (Pandicambarus) puer (Hobbs) and C.(P.) shufeldtii Crayfish, C.(P.) shufeldtii (Faxon). The precise (Faxon). Both species are quite small and uncommonly distribution of these 2 diminutive species in Arkansas is encountered in the state. Between 1972 and 2018, we poorly known, and neither has had much published made 368 crayfish collections throughout the 75 concerning their natural history and ecology, including counties of Arkansas. A total of 34 collections (our reproductive biology, habitat characteristics, or general collections, plus museum specimens), and those biology. This study was initiated to learn more about previously collected by Reimer (1963) yielded a total of these species and to discern their geographical 304 specimens of C. puer and 12 collections of C. distribution in the state and aspects of their natural shufeldtii returned 54 specimens of C. shufeldtiii. history and ecology. Herein, we document these 2 dwarf crayfishes from Specific objectives of our study were to: (1) primarily the Coastal Plain and Mississippi Alluvial determine the relative abundance and precise Plain physiographic provinces of Arkansas. distributional limits of the range of C. puer and C. Cambarellus puer is documented from 24 counties shufeldtii in Arkansas, (2) gather data on life history whereas C. shufeldtii was recorded from only 12 aspects of both species, including information on counties. With regard to conservation status, both C. habitat, reproductive period, and any other biological puer and C. shufeldtii should be considered as data available, (3) document data on their ecological and “Currently Stable” due to their widespread distribution habitat characteristics, and (4) assess the current and general abundance in Arkansas. conservation status of each species based on the previously collected distribution data in the state. Introduction Materials and Methods Freshwater crayfishes of the families Astacidae, Cambaridae, and Parastacidae are native to every Field work was conducted between 1972 and 2018 continent except Antarctica and Africa (Hobbs 1988). with a total of 368 collections made in all 75 counties in Cambarid crayfishes reach their greatest diversity in Arkansas. The bulk of the field work occurred during North America north of Mexico totaling 374 species the fall, spring, and summer, which are prime collecting with new species described each year (Taylor et al. periods. A combination of aquatic dipnets, seines, and 2007; Crandall and Buhay 2008). Crayfishes inhabit a baited crayfish traps were employed to collect variety of aquatic habitats including streams, rivers, crayfishes, C. puer and C. shufeldtii. While most lakes, reservoirs, swamps, roadside ditches, wet individual crayfish were released unharmed at the pastures, and fields (Bouchard 1978; Morehouse and collecting site, voucher specimens of each Cambarellus Tobler 2013). Here, they function as important species were preserved in 60% isopropanol or ethanol components of aquatic ecosystems (Huryn and Wallace for later analysis. Total length (including chelae) was 1987; Momot 1995; Usio and Townsend 2004). taken of all specimens in mm. The number of specimens The genus Cambarellus contains the smallest in the Appendices represents the number of specimens crayfishes found in Arkansas as fully adult individuals preserved (historical data) or the total number collected Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 73, 2019 55 Published by Arkansas Academy of Science, 2019 55 Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 73 [2019], Art. 13 H.W. Robison, and C.T. McAllister at an individual site. Preserved vouchers were originally Recognition Characters of Cambarellus deposited in the Southern Arkansas University (SAU) Dwarf crayfishes of the genus Cambarellus Invertebrate Collection, the Illinois Natural History Ortmann are small crayfishes ranging from 1.5 to 3.7 cm Survey (INHS) Crayfish Collection (INHS 2019), and (0.6 to 1.5 in.). No species of Cambarellus in the United the Smithsonian Institution (SI) Crayfish Collection. In States is more than 3.7 cm (1.5 in.) in total length (Walls addition to collections made during this survey, museum 2009). Form I males resemble those of several species specimens housed at the United States National of Procambarus, but always lack the cephalic process Museum of Natural History (USNM) (USNM 2019), and caudal knob (Walls 2009). Males have copulatory INHS, and SAU were used to document the historic hooks on the second and third legs. The hook on leg distribution of the 2 Cambarellus species in Arkansas. three is often split. Females have a characteristic Published literature dealing with these crayfish species annulus that looks like a wide tongue projecting from was also consulted. Both our survey and historical between the hind pair of legs; it is easily flexed up and collection locations were converted to Section, down (Walls 2009). Township, and Range (Sec, T, R) for mapping when known precisely. CAMBARELLUS (PANDICAMBARUS) PUER HOBBS, 1945 - SWAMP DWARF CRAYFISH Results and Discussion Recognition Characters Our survey produced 304 specimens of C. puer This is a tiny crayfish under 3.7 cm (1.5 in.) in total documented from Arkansas from 24 counties (Fig. 1, length as a full adult with a reddish-brown to gray body Appendix I). These include 162 specimens of C. puer coloration (Fig. 2). The ventral surface is white or taken in our personal collections, 81 specimens reported cream-colored. The chelae have a long, cylindrical palm by Reimer (1963), and 61 specimens housed in at least as long as the fingers; fingers and palm are museums not collected by us (Appendix I). This species smooth, without conspicuous tubercles. Tips of the was found in ditches, backwater areas of streams, and chelae lack orange coloration. The surface of the lakes. In addition, we documented 54 individuals of C. rostrum of C. puer is flat, without the central trough-like shufeldtii in 12 collections from 12 counties in Arkansas depression found in many other crayfishes. The rostrum (Appendix II). Cambarellus shufeldtii was taken from has lateral rostral spines and a well-developed acumen. roadside ditches, swamps, and backwater areas of The areola is present and broad. The antennal scales are streams and lakes. large and broadest in the middle. Adults are generally 1.8 to 3.3 cm (0.7 to 1.3 in.) and rarely exceed 3.7 cm (1.5 in.) (Walls 2009). Females tend to be slightly larger than males. The carapace is laterally compressed and moderately arched dorsoventrally with strong cervical spines and the areola is open (Morehouse and Tobler 2013). The rostrum is flat and terminates in small lateral Figure 1. Counties with records of Cambarellus puer. Dots = previous county records; stars = new county records. Figure 2. Cambarellus puer. Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 73, 2019 56 https://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol73/iss1/13 56 Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 73 [2019], Art. 13 Cambarellus Crayfishes of Arkansas spines at the base of the acumen. Chelae are small and permanent waters deep enough for predatory fish, but slender with rather short fingers. In form I males, the preferred shallow ditches, sloughs, and ponds with gonopod has 3 terminal processes (mesial, central, and permanent vegetation. Most of Walls' collections were caudal) that are all strongly curved and about equal in from habitats with mud or mud and sand bottoms and length.
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