DOCSLIB.ORG

David Gareji Monastery Complex – an Integral Part of Ancient Cultural Heritage of Georgia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
David Gareji Monastery Complex – an Integral Part of Ancient Cultural Heritage of Georgia saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis moambe, t. 13, #2, 2019 BULLETIN OF THE GEORGIAN NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, vol. 13, no. 2, 2019 History David Gareji Monastery Complex – an Integral Part of Ancient Cultural Heritage of Georgia Roin Metreveli Academy Member, Georgian National Academy of Sciences ABSTRACT. The problem related to David Gareji monastery complex dates back to the last century. The dispute arose due to a wrong resolution of the government of Georgia. In the present paper it is proved that the Gareji monastery complex belonged to Georgia from the very start of its existence. The mountain Gareja and David Gareji monastery complex were located in the old Georgian province Kukheti. The monastery was founded by one of the Assyrian fathers, David Garejeli (David of Gareja) in the 6th century. Assyrian Fathers are associated with the reinforcement of Christianity and construction of monasteries. David's Lavra was in the center. David Gareji monasteries played significant role in the cultural life of Georgian people. David IV the Builder (1084- 1115) did a lot for the monastery complex. He exempted them from the state taxes and supported their development in every way. David Gareji monastery complex is recognized as one of the most important monuments of Georgian Christian culture. The paintings on the walls of the churches and refectories are remarkable, especially the frescoes of King Tamar and Lasha-Giorgi in Bertubani church and the fresco of Demetre Tavdadebuli in Khareba church, Udabno. It should be taken into consideration that it is since the Soviet period as David Gareji monastery complex is recognized as the object of Georgian national culture, and since 2008 it is included in the list of UNESCO’s World Heritage Sites as a Georgian cultural monument. Everyone should know that Georgia cannot renounce its cultural heritage confirmed in the sources and documentary materials. © 2019 Bull. Georg. Natl. Acad. Sci. Key words: Gareja, Assyrian Fathers, David Garejeli (David of Gareja), monastery complex The problem related to David Gareji monastery Tbilisi. Gareja is a mountain in the Kakheti complex dates back to the last century [1]. The mountain range. Its height is about 2500 meters. dispute arose due to a wrong resolution of the According to the geological point of view, the Georgian government of the 1920s (see below). In mountain is composed of Upper Jurassic and the present paper we are going to provide the Valanginian intensely folded marls and marl clays historical aspects of the axiomatic truth that Gareja and slates. The slopes of the Gareja mountain are and, consequently, the Gareji monastery complex covered with beech forests from the bottom to the belong to Georgia since ancient time. middle of the mountain, while the upper part David Gareji monastery complex, David’s consists of subalpine meadows (used as pastures). Lavra is located about 70 kilometers away from © 2019 Bull. Georg. Natl. Acad. Sci. 162 Roin Metreveli There, in the rocky mountains of Gareja, one of of monasteries. Exempting them from the state the Assyrian Fathers founded a monastery in the 6th taxes he supported their development in every way. century. The founder of the monastery was David It is noteworthy that Anton Gnolistavisdze, the Garejeli (David of Gareja) – that is why the prominent clergyman having a conflict with monastery is called David Gareji. David Garejeli Michael Catholicos continued his activity in Gareji. arrived from Antioch and became the first bishop Then, King Tamar (1179-1213) "brought Anton of the monastery. With the help of David Garejeli Gnolistavisdze from Gareji... He was appointed as his disciples Dodo and Lukiane founded other a vizier, was given Chkondidi, Samtavisi, monasteries in the outskirts of Gareja. Kisiskhevi, and served as mtsignobartukutsesi Generally, the arrival of Assyrian Fathers to (royal chancellor)” [5]. The chronicler worried with Georgia was initiated by Ioane Zedazneli (John of the invasion of the Mongols led by Berke Khan Zedazeni), who arrived to Georgia together with his describes the demolition of Gareji and its disciples after David Garejeli. There are mentioned surrounding areas: "Berke ravaged the land of "twelve" or "thirteen Assyrian Fathers" in the Shirvani, Hereti, Kakheti, and all the Iori river sources, but, apparently, they were more than that. valley, and the troop reached Tbilisi and lots of Besides the above mentioned Assyrian Fathers, Christians were massacred, while Berke Khan history preserved the names of some other monks: stayed in the mountains of Gareja" [6]. Abibos Nekreseli, Shio Mghvimeli, Ioseb David Gareji monasteries especially flourished Alaverdeli, Anton Martkopeli, Thadeoz during the reign of Demetre II Tavdadebuli Stepantsmindeli, Piros Breteli, Iese Tsilkneli, (1270-1289). In those days a typical opportunist Stefane Kizikeli (Khirsseli), Isidore Samtavneli, Sadun Mankaberdeli (Sadun of Mankaberd) was Michael Ulumboeli, Zenon Ikaltoeli, Elia Diakoni, promoted on the positions of Atabag and Pimen, Natane and John [2]. Amirpasalari (Commander-in-Chief of Army). He Gareja (consequently, David Gareji monastery was the descendant of the Armenized (changing complex) was located in the old Georgian province nationality into Armenian) Kurd. Sadun was Kukheti. The province lied on the banks of the concerned only about his career trying to Aragvi and Mtkvari rivers from Zhinvali to the accumulate wealth. However, the chronicler points Gareji Udabno (desert). Its centre was Rustavi outs that Sadun did some good deeds too [3, 4]. Assyrian Fathers are associated with (obviously, Demetre Tavdadebuli should have reinforcement of Christianity and building number played a great role in that). He exempted the of monasteries ("Twelve Gareja Monasteries"). monasteries and the monks from certain taxes and They played significant role in conversion of the devotedly served king Demetre [7]. North Caucasian population to Christianity. The In the first half of the 15th century, during the center of Gareji monastic life was David’s Lavra. reign of Giorgi V Brtskinvale (1299/318-1346), Gradually, away from the center a complex of David Gareja expanded, developed and became monasteries was developed including the politically, economically and culturally strong. monasteries of Tsamebuli, Natlismcemeli, Tamerlane’s invasions (1386-1403) were Chinkhituri, Tetrsenakerbi, Dodos Rqa, Udabno, devastating for the country. His eight-fold Aghdgomisa, Bertubani, Mghvime, Kolagiri, Large invasions caused serious problems to the country caves, Verangareja, Pirukugmarti, Small caves. and, consequently, to the monastic life, including David Gareji monasteries played important role in David Gareja. In the history of Georgia, the the cultural life of the Georgian people. David IV important period was in the reign of Aleksandre I the Builder (1084-1115) did a lot for the complex (1412-1442), who drove the enemy out of Georgia Bull. Georg. Natl. Acad. Sci., vol. 13, no. 2, 2019 David Gareji Monastery Complex . 163 and restored peace and calm in the country (as he The large-scale excavations carried out by the himself notes in a special charter). His name is Georgian Academy of Sciences (Academy associated with restoration of the Svetitskhoveli Member, Prof. K. Pitskhelauri, etc.) confirmed that Cathedral. Besides, he donated David Gareji the site was already settled in the Old Stone Age, monastery to Svetitskhoveli. and several settlements and burials of the Bronze- The period of invasion of Persians (1616-1617) Aderkian period found there are the organic part of was very difficult. David Gareji was demolished. the eastern Georgian culture. Apparently, there was The monasteries practically ceased to exist. The a compact settlement of our ancestors in the 6th monastic life was restored in the reign of Teimuraz century until the deterioration of ecological I (1606-1648), in particular in 1639. In the 18th conditions. Then, in the Middle Ages, the area was century, David Gareja was still subordinated to the used as pastures. king. The monastery had the villages and vast lands In 1924 under the Decree of the Executive at its disposal and the people inhabited there were Committee of the Transcaucasian Federation (after considered as David Gareji monastery serfs. The the revolt of Georgia!) a significant part of the monasteries existed until the end of the 19th monastery territory was given to the Socialist century. Republic of Azerbaijan for the reason that the David Gareji monastery complex is recognized nomadic shepherds of that region did not have as the most important monument of Georgian enough pastures. It was a criminal action [14]. Christian culture. Its wall-paintings are remarkable At present the Georgian-Azerbaijan state [8-10]. The wall-paintings of the main churches and border passes through the mountainous part of refectories make a great impression. David Gareji's David Gareji monastery. It should be noted that wall-painting is very important for numerous the Mutual Defence Agreement between the images of its ktetors. The frescoes of King Tamar Republic of Georgia and the Republic of and Lasha-Giorgi in the Bertubani church and King Azerbaijan of 16 June 1919, under which they Demetre II in Khareba church, Udabno, are should protect the territorial integrity of their remarkable. Very impressive is the wall-paintings countries together in case of threat, does not of the refectory in Bertubani church. The painting contain any territorial claims, or the claim that of the apse of the Amaghleba church in Udabno David Gareja monastery complex is the monastery is especially wonderful. The wall- monument of Albanian culture (as there is a futile painting in the main church of Udabno showing the attempt to prove it now) rather than Georgian scenes of life of David Garejeli (David of Gareja) Christian monument. There are over a thousand is of interest. It should be noted that in different Georgian inscriptions (graffiti) of the 7th-19th cc periods of time some famous political and cultural found in the David Gareja monastery complex and figures worked in David Gareji monastery, such as: none of them is Albanian [15].
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Wikivoyage Georgia.Pdf
    WikiVoyage Georgia March 2016 Contents 1 Georgia (country) 1 1.1 Regions ................................................ 1 1.2 Cities ................................................. 1 1.3 Other destinations ........................................... 1 1.4 Understand .............................................. 2 1.4.1 People ............................................. 3 1.5 Get in ................................................. 3 1.5.1 Visas ............................................. 3 1.5.2 By plane ............................................ 4 1.5.3 By bus ............................................. 4 1.5.4 By minibus .......................................... 4 1.5.5 By car ............................................. 4 1.5.6 By train ............................................ 5 1.5.7 By boat ............................................ 5 1.6 Get around ............................................... 5 1.6.1 Taxi .............................................. 5 1.6.2 Minibus ............................................ 5 1.6.3 By train ............................................ 5 1.6.4 By bike ............................................ 5 1.6.5 City Bus ............................................ 5 1.6.6 Mountain Travel ....................................... 6 1.7 Talk .................................................. 6 1.8 See ................................................... 6 1.9 Do ................................................... 7 1.10 Buy .................................................. 7 1.10.1
    [Show full text]
  • World Bank Document
    Sample Procurement Plan (Text in italic font is meant for instruction to staff and should be deleted in the final version of the PP) Public Disclosure Authorized (This is only a sample with the minimum content that is required to be included in the PAD. The detailed procurement plan is still mandatory for disclosure on the Bank’s website in accordance with the guidelines. The initial procurement plan will cover the first 18 months of the project and then updated annually or earlier as necessary). I. General 1. Bank’s approval Date of the procurement Plan [Original: December 2007]: Revision 15 of Updated Procurement Plan, June 2010] 2. Date of General Procurement Notice: Dec 24, 2006 3. Period covered by this procurement plan: The procurement period of project covered from year June 2010 to December 2012 Public Disclosure Authorized II. Goods and Works and non-consulting services. 1. Prior Review Threshold: Procurement Decisions subject to Prior Review by the Bank as stated in Appendix 1 to the Guidelines for Procurement: [Thresholds for applicable procurement methods (not limited to the list below) will be determined by the Procurement Specialist /Procurement Accredited Staff based on the assessment of the implementing agency’s capacity.] Procurement Method Prior Review Threshold Comments US$ Public Disclosure Authorized 1. ICB and LIB (Goods) Above US$ 500,000 All 2. NCB (Goods) Above US$ 100,000 First contract 3. ICB (Works) Above US$ 15 million All 4. NCB (Works) Above US$ 5 million All 5. (Non-Consultant Services) Below US$ 100,000 First contract [Add other methods if necessary] 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Exhibition Brochure
    GEORGIA “Sakartvelo” LOCATION AND BOUNDARIES: Georgia is bordered by Russia to the north, Turkey and Armenia to the south, Azerbaijan to the east, and the Black Sea to the west. AREA: 69,700 sq. km POPULATION: 4.6 million CAPITAL: Tbilisi, pop. 1.3 million LANGUAGE: Georgian is an ancient and distinctive language, which has no relationship with other languages, not even with the North Caucasian families. ����������������������������������������������������ts written alphabet is one of only 14 in the world. �n addition to Kartuli (Georgian) there are Svanuri and Megruli languages, which are spoken in Samegrelo – the Western part of the country – and Svaneti –, in the north–west highland of Georgia. RELIGION: Georgia was one of the first countries to embrace Christianity. Greek Orthodox Christianity became Georgia’s official religion in the fourth century AD and the Georgian Church became autonomous in the sixth century. Distinguished for their long tradition of religious tolerance throughout centuries, Georgians have enjoyed fairly good relations with other communities of various religious backgrounds, including Catholicism, Armenian Apostolicy, Judaism, �slam and etc. BACKGROUND: Georgia is a country of fascinating landscapes, ancient history and remarkable culture. From snowy peaks to subtropical shores, from semi-arid deserts to rich vineyards and lush forests, from cities to enchanting villages, it is a place where everyone can discover something to his or her liking. Georgia is famous for its warmth and hospitality, wide variety of wines, unique cuisine, and the harmony of polyphonic songs and elegant dances. In Georgia, one will come across an ancient and still flourishing culture filled with churches, fortresses and towers, museums and exhibitions, sulfur baths and local bazaars.
    [Show full text]
  • Regional Power Transmission Enhancement Project
    1 Initial Environmental Examination April 2013 GEO: Regional Power Transmission Enhancement Project Prepared by Irakli Kaviladze for the Asian Development Bank. 2 CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (As of 1 May 2013) Currency unit 1 GEL = 0.61 USD $ 1 USD $ = 1.65 GEL ABBREVIATIONS - ADB Asian Development Bank - APA Agency of Protected Areas - CEMP Construction Environmental Management Plan - CSC Construction Supervision Consultant - EA Executing agency - EIA Environmental Impact Assessment - EMP Environmental Management Plan - ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment - GoG Government of Georgia - GRL Georgia Red List - GSE Georgia State Electrosystem - IEE Initial Environmental Examination - IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers - IMO Independent Monitoring Organization - KNP Kolkheti National Park - LARP Land acquisition and resettlement plan - NEA National Environmental Agency - NGO Non-governmental organization - PCB polychlorinated biphenyl - PIU Project Implementation Unit (within GSE) - SCADA Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition - SPS Safeguard Policy Statement (of ADB, June 2009) - TL Transmission line - UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 3 CONTENTS A Executive Summary 5 A.1 Policy, Legal, and Administrative Framework 6 A.2 Project Description 7 A.3 Description of the Environment (Baseline Data) 7 A.4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures 10 A.5 Analysis of Alternatives 11 A.6 Information Disclosure, Consultation, and Participation 12 A.7 Grievance Redress Mechanism 12
    [Show full text]
  • World Bank Document
    SFG2732 Public Disclosure Authorized THE STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL HERITAGE ASSESSMENT OF THE REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND TOURISM DEVELOPMENT STARTEGIES OF SAMTSKHE-JAVAKHETI AND MTSKETA-MTIANETI Public Disclosure Authorized Third Regional Development Project Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized December, 2016 Abbreviations GNTA Georgia National Tourism Administration EIA Environnemental Impact Assessment EMP Environmental Management Plan RDS Regional Development Strategy RTDS Regional Tourism Development Strategy MDF Municipal Development Fund of Georgia MoA Ministry of Agriculture MoENRP Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources Protection of Georgia MoCMP Ministry of Culture and Monument Protection MESD Ministry of Economic and Sustaineble Developmnet NACHP National Agency for Cultural Heritage Protection PIU Project Implementation Unit RDP Regional Development Project SECHSA Strategic Environmental, Cultural Heritage and Social Assessment WB World Bank Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................... 1 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................... 12 1.1 THIRD REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (RDP III) ..................................................... 12 1.2 REGIONAL AND SECTORAL CONTEXT: RDS AND RTDS FOR SAMTSKHE- JAVAKHETI AND MTSKHETA-MTIANETI REGIONS ..................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • World Bank Document
    PROCUREMENT Georgia : Third Regional Development Project PLAN General Information Country: Georgia Banks Approval Date of the Original Procurement Plan: 2016-08-11 Revised Plan Date(s): (comma delineated, leave blank if none) 2017-01-04 Project ID: P150696 GPN Date: Project Name: Third Regional Development Project Loan / Credit No: IBRD / 84940 Executing Agency(ies): Municipal Development Fund of Georgia WORKS Activity Reference No. / Bid Evaluation Report Procurement Prequalification Estimated Actual Amount Process Draft Pre-qualification Prequalification Draft Bidding Document Specific Procurement Bidding Documents as Proposal Submission / Description Loan / Credit No. Component Review Type Method Market Approach and Recommendation Signed Contract Contract Completion Process (Y/N) Amount (US$) (US$) Status Documents Evaluation Report / Justification Notice / Invitation Issued Opening / Minutes for Award Planned Actual Planned Actual Planned Actual Planned Actual Planned Actual Planned Actual Planned Actual Planned Actual Planned Actual IBRD/RDPIII/CW/NCB/03-2015 / Infrastructure Investment Single Stage - One Restoration of access road to IBRD / 84940 Prior Request for Bids Open - National N 1,500,000.00 1,335,323.50 Signed 2015-12-01 2015-12-21 Institutional Development Envelope Sapara Monastery Public Disclosure Authorized IBRD/RDPIII/CW/NCB/30-2016 / Arrangement of parking lot at Single Stage - One Dariali Monastery and IBRD / 84940 Infrastructure Investment Post Request for Bids Open - National 470,209.00 1,521,917.69 Signed 2016-09-14
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Review
    Public Disclosure Authorized Rehabilitation of road and arrangement of parking at Zedazeni Monastery Public Disclosure Authorized Environmental Review WORLD BANK FINANCED Third Regional Development Project Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Sub-project Description Under the present sub-project (SP), it is planned to rehabilitate the access road to the Zedazeni Monastery in Mtskheta Municipality. The road starts from village Saguramo and ends on the adjacent territoriy to the Zedazeni Monastery. The whole length of the rehabilitative road is 6305 m. Under the SP, the following works are envisaged: - Arrangement of road bed. Width the roadbed equals to 4.5-6 meters. The road from the both sides will be followed by shoulders of 0,5 m width. Widening of the roadbed is not planned. - Arrangement of the road pavement. The SP envisages to arrange three types of road cover: Cement-concrete cover within village Saguramo (pk0+00 – pk19+60, 1960 m); gravel cover (pk19+60 – pk61+00, 4140 m) Granite log pavement on parking area and on the road section from parking to the main entrance of the monastery; Demolition of the 10 culverts and installation of new ones; Installation of 4 new metal culverts; Arrangement of 133 m reinforced-concrete retaining wall with average height of 1.0m at the end of the road from pk 61+90; Arrangement of safety fence by metal grid from pk61+90- to pk 62+08 on the right side of the road; Arrangement of 23 junctions with asphalt-concrete cover and construction of 6 junctions with crushed aggregates; arrangement of 35 entrances to private yards with asphalt-concrete cover and 2 entrances to yard with crushed aggregates; Installation of the road signs and guard rail on the dangerous road sectios; Arrangement of the pavement by granite log on bypass road from main entrance to back entrance of the Monastery along the Monastery wall (length 170 m, width 3-4m).
    [Show full text]
  • Korneli Kekelidze Georgian National
    Korneli Kekelidze Georgian National Center of Manuscripts THE GEORGIAN MANUSCRIPT BOOK ABROAD Compiled by Maia Karanadze, Vladimer Kekelia, Lela Shatirishvili and Nestan Chkhikvadze Edited by Nestan Chkhikvadze Tbilisi 2018 The book “Georgian Manuscripts Abroad – Monograph in Georgian and English” is published under the Korneli Kekelidze Georgian National Center of Manuscript’s research project (HE 15-008) funded by the Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation. Scientific leader of the project: Nestan Chkhikvadze Team of scholars: Maia Karanadze, Vladimer Kekelia and Lela Shatirishvili Project Coordinator: Zurab Samarganishvili English translation by Lado Mirianashvili The project participants extend their thanks to the National Library of Austria, the Berlin State Library, the British Library, the National Library of France, the National Library of Russia (in Saint- Petersburg), the Library of University of Birmingham, Cambridge University Library, Göttingen University Library, the University of Graz Library, the Library of Congress, Houghton Library of Harvard University, Leipzig University Library, the Lilly Library University of Indiana, the Bodleian Libraries of the University of Oxford , Princeton University Library for cooperation. We would like to express our gratitude to Dr. Gillian Evison, the head of the Bodleian Libraries’ Oriental Section, Olga Vasileva, curator of the Oriental collections Manuscript department National library of Russia, Meline Pehlivanian, Deputy Head of the Oriental department Berlin State Library, for their willingness to support the project. All rights reserved. This book, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and magnetic recording, without the prior permission in writing from the copyright owner. All the illustrations published in the Monograph Book are officially agreed with scientific library centers operating abroad.
    [Show full text]
  • World Bank Documents
    Sample Procurement Plan (Text in italic font is meant for instruction to staff and should be deleted in the final version of the PP) Public Disclosure Authorized (This is only a sample with the minimum content that is required to be included in the PAD. The detailed procurement plan is still mandatory for disclosure on the Bank’s website in accordance with the guidelines. The initial procurement plan will cover the first 18 months of the project and then updated annually or earlier as necessary). I. General 1. Bank’s approval Date of the procurement Plan [Original: December 2007]: Revision 15 of Updated Procurement Plan, June 2010] 2. Date of General Procurement Notice: Dec 24, 2006 3. Period covered by this procurement plan: The procurement period of project covered from year June 2010 to December 2012 Public Disclosure Authorized II. Goods and Works and non-consulting services. 1. Prior Review Threshold: Procurement Decisions subject to Prior Review by the Bank as stated in Appendix 1 to the Guidelines for Procurement: [Thresholds for applicable procurement methods (not limited to the list below) will be determined by the Procurement Specialist /Procurement Accredited Staff based on the assessment of the implementing agency’s capacity.] Procurement Method Prior Review Threshold Comments US$ Public Disclosure Authorized 1. ICB and LIB (Goods) Above US$ 500,000 All 2. NCB (Goods) Above US$ 100,000 First contract 3. ICB (Works) Above US$ 15 million All 4. NCB (Works) Above US$ 5 million All 5. (Non-Consultant Services) Below US$ 100,000 First contract [Add other methods if necessary] 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Georgian Art in the Context of European and Asian Cultures JUNE 21-29, 2008, GEORGIA
    VAKHTANG BERIDZE 1st INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM OF GEORGIAN CULTURE Georgian Art in the Context of European and Asian Cultures JUNE 21-29, 2008, GEORGIA PROCEEDINGS TBILISI 2009 UDC(uak)7(479.22)+008.1(479.22:100) q-279 PUBLISHED BY: GEORGIAN ARTS & CULTURE CENTER through INTERNATIONAL INITIATIVE FOR GEORGIAN CULTURAL STUDIES 7, N.Nikoldaze str., Tbilisi, 0108, Georgia e-mail: [email protected] www.gaccgeorgia.org PROJECT LEADER Maka Dvalishvili Georgian Arts & Culture Center EDITORS: Peter Skinner Dimiti Tumanishvili G. Chubunashvili National Center of Georgian Art History and Monuments Protection, Tbilisi State Academy of Arts Anna Shanshiashvili Georgian Arts & Culture Center CATALOGUE COORDINATION: Anna Shanshiashvili Georgian Arts & Culture Center DESIGN AND TYPESETTING: Gega Paksashvili Photography on the cover: David Garedji Monastery. Bertubani 13th c Printed in: PETITE Ltd ISBN 978-9941-0-2005-6 ISSN 1987-829X © Georgian Arts & Culture Center 2009 © Authors 2009 Vakhtang Beridze The Proceedings of the International Symposium “Georgian Art in the Context of European and Asian Cultures” are dedicated with great respect to the memory of Vakhtang Beridze, one of the most distinguished Georgian scholars, Director of the Giorgi Chubinashvili Institute of Georgian Art History, and founder and organizer of the International Symposiums on Georgian Art, 1974 to 1989. Contents PREFACE Maka Dvalishvili. Project Leader. GACC International Initiative for Georgian Cultural Studies. President, Georgian Arts and Culture Center ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------6
    [Show full text]
  • Isbn 978-9941-0-2725-3
    ISBN 978-9941-0-2725-3 9 789941 027253 UDC (უაკ) 7.078+719] (479.22) თ - 842 © teqstis avtori: დიმიტრი თუმანიშვილი Tanaavtorebi: ნიკოლოზ ვაჩეიშვილი, მაკა შავიშვილი, მამუკა ჩხაიძე TEXT BY: Dimitri Tumanisvili in cooperation with Nikoloz Vacheishvili, Maka Shavishvili, Mamuka Chkhaidze Targmani: პეტრე დგებუაძე TRANSLATED FROM GEORGIAN BY: Peter Dgebuadze © fotoebi: შალვა ლეჟავა, ქუცნა ამირეჯიბი, მირიან კილაძე, ნიკოლოზ ვაჩეიშვილი, დიანა ბოლოთაშვილი, გიორგი გაგოშიძე, დავით ტყეშელაშვილი PHOTOS: Shalva Lejava, Kutsna Amirejibi, Mirian Kiladze, Nikoloz Vacheishvili, საქართველოს კულტურული მემკვიდრეობის Diana Bolotashvili, Giorgi Gagoshidze, David Tkeshelashvili დაცვის 2010 წლის პროგრამა Programme for Georgia’s Cultural Heritage © საქართველოს კულტურული მემკვიდრეობის დაცვის ეროვნული სააგენტო Preservation for the Year 2010 National Agency for Cultural Heritage Preservation of Georgia სარჩევი/CONTENTS 4/7 შესავალი/INTRODUCTION 147 კახეთი/KAKHETI 149/153 დავით-გარეჯი/David Gareji 9 თბილისი/TBILISI 157/159 გრემი/Gremi 11/13 ანჩისხატი/Anchiskhati 161/163 კაწარეთის სამება/Katsareti Holly Trinity Church 15/17 სიონი/Sioni 165/169 ნინოწმინდა/Ninotsminda 19/20 მეტეხის ტაძარი/Metekhi Temple 171/172 გურჯაანის ყველაწმინდა/Gurjaani Kvelatsminda 23/25 ლურჯი მონასტერი/Blue Monastery 175/177 სანაგირის ეკლესია/Sanagiri Church 27/29 ქაშუეთის წმ. გიორგის ეკლესია/ 179/181 ვაჩნაძიანის ყველაწმინდა/Vachnadziani Kvelatsminda Kashueti St. George Church 183/184 აკურას „მამა-დავითი”/Akura “Mamadaviti” 187/189 ძველი შუამთა/The OLd Shuamta 31 შიდა ქართლი/SHIDA KARTLI 191/193 ახალი შუამთა/The New Shuamta 33/38 სვეტიცხოველი/SvetiTskhoveli 195/197 იყალთოს მონასტერი/Ikalto Monastery 43/47 სამთავროს ტაძარი/Samtavro Temple 199/201 კვეტერას ციხე/Kvetera Castle 49/51 მცხეთის წმ. ჯვარი/Holly Cross Monastery 203/206 ალავერდის ტაძარი/Alaverdi Cathedral 53/55 კალოუბნის წმ.
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report
    “Darial Energy” LLC Dariali Hydro Power Plant Construction and Operation Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report Executors Scientific Research Firm “Gamma" President : V. Gvakharia “Stucky Caucasus“ LLC General Director : B. Quigley 2011 SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH FIRM “GAMMA 17a. Guramishvili av, 0192, Tbilisi, Georgia tel: +(995 32) 260 44 33 +(995 32) 260 15 27 e-mail: [email protected] EIA-Dariali_HPP 2 / 205 Table of Content 1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................7 1.1 General Overview ...........................................................................................................................................7 1.2 Basis and Goals of Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report ...................................................7 2 Legal-institutional framework............................................................................................................8 2.1 Georgian legislation and institutional framework.........................................................................................8 2.1.1 State policy objectives ................................................................................................................................8 2.1.2 Regional and international cooperation ....................................................................................................9 2.1.2.1 Regional cooperation .........................................................................................................................9
    [Show full text]