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Social Protection and Labor Strategy 2012–2022

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Social Protection and Labor Strategy 2012–2022 RESILIENCE, EQUITY, AND OPPORTUNITY Public Disclosure Authorized The World Bank’s Social Protection and Labor Strategy 2012–2022 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized April 2012 Public Disclosure Authorized Contents FOREWORD ....................................................................................................................................................... iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ......................................................................................................................................... v EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................................ I 1. RESILIENCE, EQUITY, AND OPPORTUNITY: THE ROLE OF SOCIAL PROTECTION AND LABOR .......................... 1 WHAT IS SOCIAL PROTECTION AND LABOR? ........................................................................................................................ 1 ROLES OF DIFFERENT ACTORS IN SOCIAL PROTECTION AND LABOR ........................................................................................... 4 A PORTFOLIO APPROACH TO SOCIAL PROTECTION AND LABOR ................................................................................................ 5 2. LESSONS FROM THE FIRST DECADE OF WORLD BANK ENGAGEMENT IN SOCIAL PROTECTION AND LABOR .. 6 THE FIRST SOCIAL PROTECTION AND LABOR STRATEGY .......................................................................................................... 6 A DECADE OF ENGAGEMENT IN SOCIAL PROTECTION AND LABOR ............................................................................................ 7 LEARNING FROM THE PAST DECADE: WHAT IS NEW ABOUT THIS STRATEGY? ............................................................................. 9 3. SOCIAL PROTECTION AND LABOR IN TODAY’S WORLD .............................................................................. 10 A GLOBAL CHALLENGE, AN EMERGING CONSENSUS ............................................................................................................ 10 THE GLOBAL STATE OF SOCIAL PROTECTION AND LABOR: PROGRESS, BUT FRAGMENTED APPROACHES ......................................... 12 LEVERAGING SYSTEMS TO ADDRESS THE COVERAGE GAP: FROM EXCLUSION TO INCLUSION ........................................................ 18 LEVERAGING SYSTEMS TO ADDRESS THE FLEXIBILITY GAP: FROM INFLEXIBILITY TO RESPONSIVENESS ............................................. 20 LEVERAGING SYSTEMS TO ADDRESS THE OPPORTUNITY GAP: TOWARDS MORE PRODUCTIVE PROGRAMS ..................................... 22 4. STRATEGIC DIRECTION FOR SOCIAL PROTECTION AND LABOR AT THE WORLD BANK ................................. 24 STRENGTHENING SYSTEMIC APPROACHES ......................................................................................................................... 25 ENSURING INCLUSION ................................................................................................................................................... 26 RESPONDING TO CRISES ................................................................................................................................................. 32 ENHANCING PRODUCTIVITY ............................................................................................................................................ 33 5. PRINCIPLES OF ENGAGEMENT FOR THE WORLD BANK ............................................................................... 37 FOCUS ON EVIDENCE‐BASED KNOWLEDGE ......................................................................................................................... 38 TAILOR OPERATIONS TO COUNTRY CONTEXT AND EVIDENCE ................................................................................................. 39 COLLABORATE ACROSS SECTORS AND ACTORS .................................................................................................................... 42 6. MEASURING AND ACHIEVING SUCCESS: EXPECTED RESULTS AND BUSINESS PLAN IMPLICATIONS .............. 47 MEASURING RESULTS ................................................................................................................................................... 47 BUSINESS IMPLICATIONS ................................................................................................................................................ 49 REFERENCES ...................................................................................................................................................... 53 ANNEXES ANNEX 1: REGIONAL AND ANCHOR APPLICATIONS OF THE SOCIAL PROTECTION AND LABOR STRATEGY ......................................... 61 ANNEX 2: BACKGROUND PAPERS TO THE SOCIAL PROTECTION AND LABOR STRATEGY 2012–22 ................................................. 76 ANNEX 3: WORLD BANK SOCIAL PROTECTION AND LABOR PORTFOLIO .................................................................................. 80 ANNEX 4. RESULTS OF THE SPL STRATEGY CONSULTATIONS ................................................................................................. 83 | Page ii ANNEX 5: MULTISECTORAL APPROACHES: LINKAGES BETWEEN THE SPL STRATEGY 2012–22 AND OTHER WORLD BANK GROUP STRATEGIES ................................................................................................................................................................. 87 ANNEX 6. SOCIAL PROTECTION STRATEGIES OUTSIDE OF THE WORLD BANK ............................................................................ 91 ANNEX 7: RESULTS FRAMEWORK ................................................................................................................................... 97 BOXES BOX 2.1: IEG’S 2011 EVALUATION OF WORLD BANK SUPPORT FOR SOCIAL SAFETY NETS .......................................................... 8 BOX 2.2: RESULTS OF THE STRATEGY CONSULTATIONS ......................................................................................................... 9 BOX 3.1: THE SOCIAL PROTECTION FLOOR ........................................................................................................................ 12 BOX 3.2: VIETNAM: ADDRESSING FRAGMENTATION AND MODERNIZING SPL ........................................................................ 14 BOX 3.3: “SMART” SPL SYSTEMS ................................................................................................................................ 16 BOX 3.4: EMBEDDING SOCIAL PROTECTION WITHIN NATIONAL PRIORITIES IN RWANDA ............................................................. 17 BOX 3.5: RULES, ROLES, CONTROLS—GOVERNANCE IN SOCIAL PROTECTION .......................................................................... 17 BOX 3.6: USING COMMUNITIES TO ENHANCE ACCOUNTABILITY: INDIA AND MALAWI ............................................................... 18 BOX 3.7: CONDITIONAL CASH TRANSFERS: PROTECTING THE POOR AND PROVIDING OPPORTUNITY ........................................... 22 BOX 4.1: BRAZIL: BOLSA FAMÍLIA AND THE IMPACT OF INTEGRATED SOCIAL ASSISTANCE ......................................................... 26 BOX 4.2: SOCIAL PROTECTION IN FRAGILE CONTEXTS: THREE APPROACHES ............................................................................ 27 BOX 4.3: PROMOTING LIVELIHOODS AND FOOD SECURITY IN RURAL ECONOMIES .................................................................... 28 BOX 4.4: USING CELL PHONES TO PROTECT THE POOR IN KENYA .......................................................................................... 29 BOX 4.5: DESIGNING GENDER‐SENSITIVE PUBLIC WORKS PROGRAMS: INDIA’S MAHATMA GANDHI NATIONAL RURAL EMPLOYMENT GUARANTEE PROGRAM ................................................................................................................................................. 30 BOX 4.6: THE WORLD BANK’S CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR PENSIONS ............................................................................. 32 BOX 4.7: MOBILIZING SOCIAL PROTECTION IN THE FACE OF CLIMATE CHANGE ........................................................................ 32 BOX 4.8: WORLD DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2013 ON JOBS: PRELIMINARY MESSAGES AND POTENTIAL LINKS TO THE SPL STRATEGY ... 33 BOX 4.9: THE MILES FRAMEWORK ................................................................................................................................ 35 BOX 4.10: ACTIVE LABOR MARKET PROGRAMS AND THE YOUTH EMPLOYMENT CHALLENGE ...................................................... 36 BOX 5.1: SOUTH‐SOUTH LEARNING IN SOCIAL PROTECTION AND LABOR ................................................................................ 40 BOX 5.2: ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING: THE WORLD BANK’S OPERATIONAL SERVICES TO COUNTRIES ON SPL SYSTEMS .......... 41 BOX 5.3: STEP: A MULTISECTORAL FRAMEWORK FOR BUILDING SKILLS AND ENHANCING PRODUCTIVITY ..................................... 42 BOX 5.4 PREPARING FOR THE NEXT CRISIS: BUILDING SPL SYSTEMS WITH THE RAPID SOCIAL RESPONSE PROGRAM ....................... 45 FIGURES FIGURE 1.1: GOALS OF SOCIAL PROTECTION AND LABOR ...................................................................................................... 2 FIGURE 1.2: SPL CONTRIBUTES TO PRODUCTIVITY, GROWTH, AND POVERTY REDUCTION ............................................................ 3 FIGURE 1.3: SPL PROGRAMS WORK DYNAMICALLY OVER THE LIFE CYCLE TO PROVIDE RESILIENCE, EQUITY, AND OPPORTUNITY ........ 5 FIGURE 2.1: SHARE OF SPL LENDING:
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