RESILIENCE, EQUITY, AND OPPORTUNITY Public Disclosure Authorized The World Bank’s Social Protection and Labor Strategy 2012–2022 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized April 2012 Public Disclosure Authorized Contents FOREWORD ....................................................................................................................................................... iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ......................................................................................................................................... v EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................................ I 1. RESILIENCE, EQUITY, AND OPPORTUNITY: THE ROLE OF SOCIAL PROTECTION AND LABOR .......................... 1 WHAT IS SOCIAL PROTECTION AND LABOR? ........................................................................................................................ 1 ROLES OF DIFFERENT ACTORS IN SOCIAL PROTECTION AND LABOR ........................................................................................... 4 A PORTFOLIO APPROACH TO SOCIAL PROTECTION AND LABOR ................................................................................................ 5 2. LESSONS FROM THE FIRST DECADE OF WORLD BANK ENGAGEMENT IN SOCIAL PROTECTION AND LABOR .. 6 THE FIRST SOCIAL PROTECTION AND LABOR STRATEGY .......................................................................................................... 6 A DECADE OF ENGAGEMENT IN SOCIAL PROTECTION AND LABOR ............................................................................................ 7 LEARNING FROM THE PAST DECADE: WHAT IS NEW ABOUT THIS STRATEGY? ............................................................................. 9 3. SOCIAL PROTECTION AND LABOR IN TODAY’S WORLD .............................................................................. 10 A GLOBAL CHALLENGE, AN EMERGING CONSENSUS ............................................................................................................ 10 THE GLOBAL STATE OF SOCIAL PROTECTION AND LABOR: PROGRESS, BUT FRAGMENTED APPROACHES ......................................... 12 LEVERAGING SYSTEMS TO ADDRESS THE COVERAGE GAP: FROM EXCLUSION TO INCLUSION ........................................................ 18 LEVERAGING SYSTEMS TO ADDRESS THE FLEXIBILITY GAP: FROM INFLEXIBILITY TO RESPONSIVENESS ............................................. 20 LEVERAGING SYSTEMS TO ADDRESS THE OPPORTUNITY GAP: TOWARDS MORE PRODUCTIVE PROGRAMS ..................................... 22 4. STRATEGIC DIRECTION FOR SOCIAL PROTECTION AND LABOR AT THE WORLD BANK ................................. 24 STRENGTHENING SYSTEMIC APPROACHES ......................................................................................................................... 25 ENSURING INCLUSION ................................................................................................................................................... 26 RESPONDING TO CRISES ................................................................................................................................................. 32 ENHANCING PRODUCTIVITY ............................................................................................................................................ 33 5. PRINCIPLES OF ENGAGEMENT FOR THE WORLD BANK ............................................................................... 37 FOCUS ON EVIDENCE‐BASED KNOWLEDGE ......................................................................................................................... 38 TAILOR OPERATIONS TO COUNTRY CONTEXT AND EVIDENCE ................................................................................................. 39 COLLABORATE ACROSS SECTORS AND ACTORS .................................................................................................................... 42 6. MEASURING AND ACHIEVING SUCCESS: EXPECTED RESULTS AND BUSINESS PLAN IMPLICATIONS .............. 47 MEASURING RESULTS ................................................................................................................................................... 47 BUSINESS IMPLICATIONS ................................................................................................................................................ 49 REFERENCES ...................................................................................................................................................... 53 ANNEXES ANNEX 1: REGIONAL AND ANCHOR APPLICATIONS OF THE SOCIAL PROTECTION AND LABOR STRATEGY ......................................... 61 ANNEX 2: BACKGROUND PAPERS TO THE SOCIAL PROTECTION AND LABOR STRATEGY 2012–22 ................................................. 76 ANNEX 3: WORLD BANK SOCIAL PROTECTION AND LABOR PORTFOLIO .................................................................................. 80 ANNEX 4. RESULTS OF THE SPL STRATEGY CONSULTATIONS ................................................................................................. 83 | Page ii ANNEX 5: MULTISECTORAL APPROACHES: LINKAGES BETWEEN THE SPL STRATEGY 2012–22 AND OTHER WORLD BANK GROUP STRATEGIES ................................................................................................................................................................. 87 ANNEX 6. SOCIAL PROTECTION STRATEGIES OUTSIDE OF THE WORLD BANK ............................................................................ 91 ANNEX 7: RESULTS FRAMEWORK ................................................................................................................................... 97 BOXES BOX 2.1: IEG’S 2011 EVALUATION OF WORLD BANK SUPPORT FOR SOCIAL SAFETY NETS .......................................................... 8 BOX 2.2: RESULTS OF THE STRATEGY CONSULTATIONS ......................................................................................................... 9 BOX 3.1: THE SOCIAL PROTECTION FLOOR ........................................................................................................................ 12 BOX 3.2: VIETNAM: ADDRESSING FRAGMENTATION AND MODERNIZING SPL ........................................................................ 14 BOX 3.3: “SMART” SPL SYSTEMS ................................................................................................................................ 16 BOX 3.4: EMBEDDING SOCIAL PROTECTION WITHIN NATIONAL PRIORITIES IN RWANDA ............................................................. 17 BOX 3.5: RULES, ROLES, CONTROLS—GOVERNANCE IN SOCIAL PROTECTION .......................................................................... 17 BOX 3.6: USING COMMUNITIES TO ENHANCE ACCOUNTABILITY: INDIA AND MALAWI ............................................................... 18 BOX 3.7: CONDITIONAL CASH TRANSFERS: PROTECTING THE POOR AND PROVIDING OPPORTUNITY ........................................... 22 BOX 4.1: BRAZIL: BOLSA FAMÍLIA AND THE IMPACT OF INTEGRATED SOCIAL ASSISTANCE ......................................................... 26 BOX 4.2: SOCIAL PROTECTION IN FRAGILE CONTEXTS: THREE APPROACHES ............................................................................ 27 BOX 4.3: PROMOTING LIVELIHOODS AND FOOD SECURITY IN RURAL ECONOMIES .................................................................... 28 BOX 4.4: USING CELL PHONES TO PROTECT THE POOR IN KENYA .......................................................................................... 29 BOX 4.5: DESIGNING GENDER‐SENSITIVE PUBLIC WORKS PROGRAMS: INDIA’S MAHATMA GANDHI NATIONAL RURAL EMPLOYMENT GUARANTEE PROGRAM ................................................................................................................................................. 30 BOX 4.6: THE WORLD BANK’S CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR PENSIONS ............................................................................. 32 BOX 4.7: MOBILIZING SOCIAL PROTECTION IN THE FACE OF CLIMATE CHANGE ........................................................................ 32 BOX 4.8: WORLD DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2013 ON JOBS: PRELIMINARY MESSAGES AND POTENTIAL LINKS TO THE SPL STRATEGY ... 33 BOX 4.9: THE MILES FRAMEWORK ................................................................................................................................ 35 BOX 4.10: ACTIVE LABOR MARKET PROGRAMS AND THE YOUTH EMPLOYMENT CHALLENGE ...................................................... 36 BOX 5.1: SOUTH‐SOUTH LEARNING IN SOCIAL PROTECTION AND LABOR ................................................................................ 40 BOX 5.2: ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING: THE WORLD BANK’S OPERATIONAL SERVICES TO COUNTRIES ON SPL SYSTEMS .......... 41 BOX 5.3: STEP: A MULTISECTORAL FRAMEWORK FOR BUILDING SKILLS AND ENHANCING PRODUCTIVITY ..................................... 42 BOX 5.4 PREPARING FOR THE NEXT CRISIS: BUILDING SPL SYSTEMS WITH THE RAPID SOCIAL RESPONSE PROGRAM ....................... 45 FIGURES FIGURE 1.1: GOALS OF SOCIAL PROTECTION AND LABOR ...................................................................................................... 2 FIGURE 1.2: SPL CONTRIBUTES TO PRODUCTIVITY, GROWTH, AND POVERTY REDUCTION ............................................................ 3 FIGURE 1.3: SPL PROGRAMS WORK DYNAMICALLY OVER THE LIFE CYCLE TO PROVIDE RESILIENCE, EQUITY, AND OPPORTUNITY ........ 5 FIGURE 2.1: SHARE OF SPL LENDING: