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Social Protection Floors. Volume 3: Governance and Financing Isabel Ortiz, Valérie Schmitt, Loveleen De (Eds.)

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Social Protection Floors. Volume 3: Governance and Financing Isabel Ortiz, Valérie Schmitt, Loveleen De (Eds.) Social Protection Floors Social Protection Floors Volume 3: Governance and Financing Edited by Isabel Ortiz, Valérie Schmitt, Loveleen De International Labour Organization Cover photo: © Portrait of young girls in the market of Puok, province of Siem Reap. Cambodia. ILO/N. Rain Social Protection Floors. Volume 3: Governance and Financing Isabel Ortiz, Valérie Schmitt, Loveleen De (Eds.) © International Labour Organization 2016, Social Protection Department. ISBN: 978-1-365-58589-0 The designations employed in ILO publications, which are in conformity with United Nations practice, and the presentation of material therein do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the International Labour Office concerning the legal status of any country, area or territory or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers. The responsibility for opinions expressed in signed articles, studies and other contributions rests solely with their authors, and publication does not constitute an endorsement by the International Labour Office of the opinions expressed in them. Reference to names of firms and commercial products and processes does not imply their endorsement by the International Labour Office, and any failure to mention a particular firm, commercial product or process is not a sign of disapproval. We need to provide protection for people, all people, to allow them to leave a life without this never ending struggle…/… Support for this campaign is close to my heart. It promotes social justice through the development of national Social Protection Floors for all. It encourages the leaders of governments, trade unions, employers, non-governmental organizations in African countries and around the world, objectively, to engage in dialogue. Desmond Tutu, Archbishop Emeritus and Nobel Laureate Social protection floors are an optimal public policy. They are an excellent social policy, much needed to reduce poverty and inequality. Social Protection floors are also a good economic policy, supporting household consumption, increasing human capital and thus productivity. All countries should be developing social protection floors; if adequately designed, they are affordable even in low income countries. Jose Antonio Ocampo, former United Nations Under-Secretary General, former Minister of Finance of Colombia and ILO Goodwill Ambassador Social Protection Floors. vii Acknowledgements This book is the third volume of the series on “Social Protection Floors” published by the ILO. The editors would like to express their sincere thanks and gratitude to all the people who have contributed to this volume through their authorship, research and analysis. The different chapters of this volume are authored by and benefit from contributions by various people (in alphabetical order): Aidi Hu, Senior Social Protection Specialist for East Asia, ILO; Alfredo Sarmiento; Anis Chowdhury, Consultant for the ILO; Bart Verstraeten, Political Secretary, Wereldsolidariteit-Solidarité Mondiale, Belgium; Carine Thibaut, Head of Campaigns Department, CNCD-11.11.11, Belgium; Clara van Panhuys, Social Protection Officer, ILO; Celine Peyron-Bista, Chief Technical Advisor, ILO; D Rajasekhar, Professor at the Institute for Social and Economic Change, India; Eduardo Méndez, Director of Centro de Estudios, Banco de Previsón Social, Uruguay; Frank Earl, former Executive Director, South African Social Security Agency; Geneviève Binette, Consultant for the ILO; Hans- Christoph Ammon, GIZ India; Joana Mostafa; Jurriaan Linsen, Consultant for the ILO; Lina Castańo, former Director of Productive Inclusion and Sustainability in the Department for Social Prosperity, Colombia; Lou Tessier, former Social Protection Officer, ILO Yangon; Lucia Mina Rosero; Malika Ok, Project Officer, ILO Phnom Penh; Maya Stern-Plaza, Legal Officer, ILO; Mies Cosemans, Responsible for Communication Campaigns, 11.11.11, Belgium; Namerta Sharma, GIZ India; Natália Sátyro; Netnapis Suchonwanich, former Deputy Secretary-General, National Health Security Office, Thailand; Pathamavathy Naicker, General Manager, South African Social Security Agency; Stefan Urban, Actuary, ILO; Thibault van Langenhove, Social Protection Policy Officer, ILO; Tomas Barbero, formerly of the ILO and Victoria Giroud-Castiella, Social Protection Officer, ILO. viii. Governance and Financing The editors also value the support received from various people in reviewing the chapters (in alphabetical order): Christina Behrendt, Senior Social Protection Specialist, ILO; Emmanuelle St-Pierre Guilbault, Senior Legal Specialist, ILO; Fabio Durán-Valverde, Senior Social Protection Specialist, ILO; Helmut Schwarzer, Senior Social Protection Specialist, ILO Mexico; Hiroshi Yamabana, Senior Actuary, ILO; Jeronim Capaldo, Senior Econometrics and Data Specialist, ILO; Kagisanyo Kelobang, Social Protection Specialist, ILO; Luis Frota, Senior Social Protection Specialist for Southern Africa, ILO; Markus Rück, Senior Social Protection Specialist for South Asia, ILO; Stefan Urban, Actuary, ILO; Thaworn Sakunphanit, Director of the Health Insurance System Research Office, Thailand; Victoria Giroud-Castiella, Social Protection Officer, ILO and Xenia Scheil-Adlung, Senior Health Protection Specialist, ILO. Last but not the least, the editors express their gratitude to Jessica Vechbanyongratana, Assistant Professor at Chulalongkorn University, Thailand and Victoria Giroud-Castiella, Social Protection Officer, ILO for their support to the series on “Social Protection Floors”. The editors of this volume are Isabel Ortiz, Director of the Social Protection Department, ILO; Valérie Schmitt, Chief of Social Policy, Governance and Standards, ILO and Loveleen De, Social Protection Policy Officer, ILO. Social Protection Floors. ix Contents Acknowledgements ..................................................................... vii Contents ....................................................................................... ix List of figures ................................................................................ xi List of tables ................................................................................ xii Introduction ...................................................................................1 1. Belgium: Communication campaign .........................................7 2. Bolivia: Financing social protection through taxation of natural resources........................................................................ 15 3. Brazil: Cadastro Único ............................................................ 23 4. Brazil: Financing social protection through Financial Transaction Taxes ....................................................................... 31 5. Brazil: Anchoring rights in law ................................................ 39 6. China: Community services .................................................... 49 7. China: Labour and Social Security Inspection ......................... 59 8. Colombia: System of Identification of Social Programme Beneficiaries ............................................................................... 67 9. Ecuador: Financing social protection through debt restructuring ............................................................................... 75 10. India: Worker Facilitation Centres........................................ 85 11. India: Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojna .................................. 93 12. Indonesia: Financing social protection through contributions and the removal of fuel subsidies ...................... 101 13. Myanmar: National dialogue process ................................ 109 14. Mongolia: Financing social protection through taxation of natural resources ................................................................. 117 15. Mongolia: One Stop Shop ................................................... 125 16. South Africa: Integrated Community Registration Outreach Programme ............................................................... 133 17. South Africa: Anchoring rights in law ................................. 141 18. Thailand: National Health Insurance Registry .................... 153 19. Uruguay: Instilling a culture of social protection ............... 161 20. Zambia: Financing social protection through taxation of natural resources...................................................................... 169 x. Governance and Financing Annex 1: Social Protection Floors Recommendation, 2012 ..... 177 (No. 202) ................................................................................... 177 Annex 2: Sustainable Development Goals related to social protection ................................................................................. 187 Annex 3: ILO standards on social protection ............................ 189 Social Protection Floors. xi List of figures Figure 1: Bolivia’s public investment spending (in US$ millions, nominal) and annual GDP growth (in %) ..................... 16 Figure 2: Registration process for Brazil’s Cadastro Único ........ 26 Figure 3: Brazil’s social protection legal framework .................. 45 Figure 4: Services provided by SPCS in China ............................. 51 Figure 5: Coverage of CS and SPCS in China, 2010-14 ................ 53 Figure 6: Ageing and urbanization in China, 1982-2013 ............ 54 Figure 7: Violations defined in Qingdao city’s LSSI Regulation .. 60 Figure 8: Lack of inspectors in Qingdao city ............................... 61 Figure 9: Logical
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